Case report of a coral snake bite (Micrurus ibiboboca) in the state of Pernambuco, northeast Brazil / Relato de caso de picada de cobra coral (Micrurus ibiboboca) no estado de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil / Informe de caso de mordedura de serpiente coral (Micrurus ibiboboca) en el estado de Pernambuco, noreste de Brasil

The Elapidae family comprises 35 snake species in Brazil, with Micrurus ibiboboca being widely distributed in the northeast of the country. Despite the high number of Micrurus species in Brazil, there are few cases of human envenomation in literature. This study describes a clinical report of envenomation due to the bite of M. ibiboboca in the State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, that took place in 2017. The patient presented symptoms of muscle paralysis and sweating. He was admitted to the intensive care unit. A total of 10 ampoules of anti-elapidic serum were administered. The patient complained of local pain that extended through the arm, paresthesia in the lower limbs, headache, and chest pain. Changes in the visual, respiratory, and neurological systems were not observed. This clinical case report on coral snake poisoning is useful for increasing the knowledge on the toxicological action of snake poison and its effect on injured individuals, thereby helping in the clinical evaluation and treatment.(AU)

A família Elapidae compreende 35 espécies de serpentes no Brasil, com Micrurus ibiboboca amplamente distribuída no Nordeste. Apesar do elevado número de espécies de Micrurus no Brasil, são poucos os casos de envenenamento humano na literatura. Descrevemos aqui um relato clínico de envenenamento por picada de M. ibiboboca no Estado de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil, ocorrido em 2017. O paciente apresentava sintomas de paralisia muscular e sudorese. Ele foi internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Um total de 10 ampolas de soro anti-elapídico foi administrado. O paciente queixava-se de dor local que se estendia pelo braço, parestesia em membros inferiores, cefaleia e dor torácica. Não foram observados alterações nos sistemas de visão, respiratório e neurológico. Este relato de caso clínico de intoxicação por cobra coral é útil para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a ação toxicológica da peçonha da serpente e seu efeito sobre os acidentados, auxiliando na avaliação clínica e no tratamento.(AU)

La familia Elapidae comprende 35 especies de serpientes en Brasil como la Micrurus ibiboboca ampliamente distribuidas en el Noreste. A pesar de lo alto número de especies de Micrurus en Brasil, hay pocos casos de envenenamiento humano en la literatura. Describimos aquí un informe clínico de envenenamiento por mordedura de M. ibiboboca en el estado de Pernambuco, Noreste de Brasil, ocurrido en 2017. El paciente presentaba síntomas de parálisis muscular y sudoración. Fue ingresado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se administraron un total de 10 ampollas de suero antielapídico. El paciente se quejaba de dolor local que se extendía por el brazo, parestesias en las extremidades inferiores, cefalea y dolor torácico. No se observaron cambios en los sistemas visual, respiratorio y neurológico. Este informe de caso clínico sobre la intoxicación por serpiente coral es útil para aumentar el conocimiento sobre la acción toxicológica del veneno de serpientes y su efecto en los individuos lesionados, ayudando así en la evaluación clínica y el tratamiento.(AU)

Diagnóstico e tratamento de acidente ofídico por serpente do gênero Bothrops em cão / Diagnosis and treatment of ophidic accident by Bothrops snake in a dog

Refere-se como acidente ofídico todo quadro de envenenamento decorrente da inoculação de veneno, através de presas de serpentes. O veneno das espécies do gênero Bothrops, ao ser inoculado no animal, causa sinais clínicos graves que, se não tratados o mais rapidamente possível, podem levar o animal ao óbito. O gênero Bothrops (jararacas) está distribuído por todo o território nacional sendo responsável pela maioria dos acidentes ofídicos no país. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente relato foi descrever o diagnóstico e tratamento hospitalar bem sucedido de acidente botrópico em cão.

Ophidic accident refers to any picture of poisoning resulting from the inoculation of poison through snake prey. The venom of the Bothrops species, when inoculated into the animal, causes severe clinical signs that, if not treated as soon as possible, can lead to death. The Bothrops gender (jararacas) is distributed for all national territory as its responsible for the most ophidic accidents in the country. Therefore, the objective of the present report was to describe the diagnosis and successful hospital treatment of botropic accident in a dog.

Diagnóstico e tratamento de acidente ofídico por serpente do gênero Bothrops em cão / Diagnosis and treatment of ophidic accident by Bothrops snake in a dog

Refere-se como acidente ofídico todo quadro de envenenamento decorrente da inoculação de veneno, através de presas de serpentes. O veneno das espécies do gênero Bothrops, ao ser inoculado no animal, causa sinais clínicos graves que, se não tratados o mais rapidamente possível, podem levar o animal ao óbito. O gênero Bothrops (jararacas) está distribuído por todo o território nacional sendo responsável pela maioria dos acidentes ofídicos no país. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente relato foi descrever o diagnóstico e tratamento hospitalar bem sucedido de acidente botrópico em cão.(AU)

Ophidic accident refers to any picture of poisoning resulting from the inoculation of poison through snake prey. The venom of the Bothrops species, when inoculated into the animal, causes severe clinical signs that, if not treated as soon as possible, can lead to death. The Bothrops gender (jararacas) is distributed for all national territory as its responsible for the most ophidic accidents in the country. Therefore, the objective of the present report was to describe the diagnosis and successful hospital treatment of botropic accident in a dog.(AU)

Effects of Mikania glomerata Leaf Extract on Experimental Bothropoides jararaca Envenomation in Wistar Rats

Background: Bothropic envenomation represents the most common ophidic accident worldwide, compared to other snakebites of medical interest. Bothropic venom has proteolytic, vasculotoxic, clotting and/or hemorrhagic actions in animals and humans. Mikania glomerata is a plant found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with interesting medical properties that may be useful in ameliorating the effects of ophidic venom, and thus, improving response and outcome. Although Mikania is known to act through inhibition of cytolysins in the venom, there is a lack of consistent research data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. glomerata in bothropic envenomation treatment.Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed following Bothropoides jararaca experimental envenomation in three groups of 18 Wistar rats each. Group VS was inoculated in the pelvic limb via intramuscular injection of bothropic venom and received specific anti-venom serum via intraperitoneal injection. Group VSM was similarly inoculated; it received anti-venom serum and a 10% aqueous extract of the Mikania glomerata plant orally. Group C was the control group and received saline solution alone. Evaluations were performed at 0.5 h (M1), 6 h (M2), and 24 h (M3) after venom inoculation. Animals from both inoculated groups (VS and VSM) sh

Effects of Mikania glomerata leaf extract on experimental Bothropoides jararaca envenomation in Wistar rats

Background: Bothropic envenomation represents the most common ophidic accident worldwide, compared to other snakebites of medical interest. Bothropic venom has proteolytic, vasculotoxic, clotting and/or hemorrhagic actions in animals and humans. Mikania glomerata is a plant found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with interesting medical properties that may be useful in ameliorating the effects of ophidic venom, and thus, improving response and outcome. Although Mikania is known to act through inhibition of cytolysins in the venom, there is a lack of consistent research data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. glomerata in bothropic envenomation treatment. Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed following Bothropoides jararaca experimental envenomation in three groups of 18 Wistar rats each. Group VS was inoculated in the pelvic limb via intramuscular injection of bothropic venom and received specific anti-venom serum via intraperitoneal injection. Group VSM was similarly inoculated; it received anti-venom serum and a 10% aqueous extract of the Mikania glomerata plant orally. Group C was the control group and received saline solution alone. Evaluations were performed at 0.5 h (M1), 6 h (M2), and 24 h (M3) after venom inoculation. Animals from both inoculated groups (VS and VSM) showed significant clinical alterations (P < 0.05) manifested as discomfort, uneasiness, pain, and severe edema compared to control animals. Animals from inoculated groups also exhibited statistically significant leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatine kinase until 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05 compared to control animals). An acute drop in body temperature was observed 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05). [...](AU)

Effects of Mikania glomerata leaf extract on experimental Bothropoides jararaca envenomation in Wistar rats

Background: Bothropic envenomation represents the most common ophidic accident worldwide, compared to other snakebites of medical interest. Bothropic venom has proteolytic, vasculotoxic, clotting and/or hemorrhagic actions in animals and humans. Mikania glomerata is a plant found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with interesting medical properties that may be useful in ameliorating the effects of ophidic venom, and thus, improving response and outcome. Although Mikania is known to act through inhibition of cytolysins in the venom, there is a lack of consistent research data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. glomerata in bothropic envenomation treatment. Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed following Bothropoides jararaca experimental envenomation in three groups of 18 Wistar rats each. Group VS was inoculated in the pelvic limb via intramuscular injection of bothropic venom and received specific anti-venom serum via intraperitoneal injection. Group VSM was similarly inoculated; it received anti-venom serum and a 10% aqueous extract of the Mikania glomerata plant orally. Group C was the control group and received saline solution alone. Evaluations were performed at 0.5 h (M1), 6 h (M2), and 24 h (M3) after venom inoculation. Animals from both inoculated groups (VS and VSM) showed significant clinical alterations (P < 0.05) manifested as discomfort, uneasiness, pain, and severe edema compared to control animals. Animals from inoculated groups also exhibited statistically significant leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatine kinase until 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05 compared to control animals). An acute drop in body temperature was observed 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05). [...]

ÓLEO DE GIRASSOL OZONIZADO FAVORECE A CICATRIZAÇÃO DE FERIDAS INDUZIDAS PELO VENENO DE LACHESIS MUTA MUTA EM RATOS WISTAR

Óleo de girassol ozonizado favorece a cicatrização de feridas induzidas pelo veneno de Lachesis Muta Muta em ratos wistar O acidente pela serpente do gênero Lachesis muta muta de ocorrência na floresta Amazônica provoca tanto efeito local como sistêmico e a gravidade na hora do atendimento depende do tempo de sua ocorrência. O antiveneno é indispensável, mas tem pouco efeitos locais, desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da dose de 1mg/Kg de veneno laquético no local da inoculação, o tratamento tópico com óleo de girassol ozonizado, associado ou não ao antiveneno em ratos. Quatro grupos de ratos (n=10 cada grupo) foram distribuídos em: controle- solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9% (C); veneno + óleo de girassol ozonizado (VOZ); veneno (V); óleo de girassol ozonizado (OZ). Seis horas após aplicação do veneno os animais receberam o antiveneno. O membro inoculado foi avaliado durante 17 dias por meio de avaliação morfológica, termográfica, histológica e pela dimensão fractal (FD). O veneno provocou dor, edema, inflamação, úlcera, crosta e necrose, hipotermia local no segundo dia e redução das áreas de maior temperatura para os grupos V e VOZ. No grupo VOZ houve redução da dor, úlcera, crosta, necrose e menor infiltrado inflamatório; o colágeno na FD foi maior para os grupos V, seguido do VOZ e OZ. Conclui-se que o veneno de Lachesis muta muta na dose de 1mg/Kg causa severos efeitos locais no membro inoculado, o óleo de girassol ozonizado favorece a reparação destes efeitos e não causa reação adversa local.

Ozonized sunflower oil encourages the healing of wounds induced by Lachesis muta muta poison in wistar rats The accident by the snake of the genus Lachesis muta muta occurring in the Amazon rainforest causes both local and systemic effects and the severity at the time of care depends on the time of its occurrence. Antivenom is indispensable, but has little local effects, therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dose of 1mg/Kg of laquetic poison at the inoculation site, topical treatment with ozonated sunflower oil, associated or not to antivenom in rats. Four groups of rats (n = 10 each group) were distributed in: control - 0.9% sodium chloride solution (C); poison + ozonized sunflower oil (VOZ); poison (V); ozonized sunflower oil (OZ). Six hours after application of the poison, the animals received the antivenom. The inoculated limb was evaluated for 17 days by means of morphological, thermographic, histological and fractal dimension (FD) evaluation. The poison caused pain, edema, inflammation, ulcer, crust and necrosis, local hypothermia on the second day and reduced areas of higher temperature for groups V and VOZ. In the VOZ group there was a reduction in pain, ulcer, crust, necrosis and less inflammatory infiltrate; collagen in FD was higher for groups V, followed by VOZ and OZ. It is concluded that the poison of Lachesis muta muta at a dose of 1mg/Kg causes severe local effects on the inoculated limb, ozonated sunflower oil favors the repair of these effects and does not cause a local adverse reaction.

Snakebites in Paraíba, Brazil

The epidemiological data on snakebites in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, is scarce. This accounts for the difficulties in helping the victims. Hence, to obtain the clinical and epidemic profile of the snakebite accidents in Paraíba, we studied the number of cases recorded in this state between January 1995 and December 2000. The data was collected from these sources: Center for Toxicological Assistance (Centro de Assistência Toxicológica - CEATOX) and State Secretariat of Health (Secretaria Estadual de Saude), João Pessoa; 3rd Regional Health Center (3º Núcleo Regional de Saúde - NRS) and the Division of Epidemiological Vigilance of the Municipal Secretariat of Health (Divisão de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde - DVE/SMS), Campina Grande. The annual distribution of the snakebite incidence showed an irregularity and an increase in March, May and August; followed by a large reduction in November and December. It was also observed that snakebites occurred more frequently in the rural area, mainly among the male laborers between 10-49 years. In most cases, the bite occurred on the leg or foot. The interval between the snakebite and the medical assistance was less than six hours. The most common symptoms were pain, edema, erythema, and bleeding. The low lethality index and the high frequency of healing, without sequels, suggest that the treatment with serum neutralized the poison, indicating the efficacy of this treatment against snakebites by the specific species found in this region.

Effects of Mikania glomerata Leaf Extract on Experimental Bothropoides jararaca Envenomation in Wistar Rats

Background: Bothropic envenomation represents the most common ophidic accident worldwide, compared to other snakebites of medical interest. Bothropic venom has proteolytic, vasculotoxic, clotting and/or hemorrhagic actions in animals and humans. Mikania glomerata is a plant found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with interesting medical properties that may be useful in ameliorating the effects of ophidic venom, and thus, improving response and outcome. Although Mikania is known to act through inhibition of cytolysins in the venom, there is a lack of consistent research data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. glomerata in bothropic envenomation treatment.Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed following Bothropoides jararaca experimental envenomation in three groups of 18 Wistar rats each. Group VS was inoculated in the pelvic limb via intramuscular injection of bothropic venom and received specific anti-venom serum via intraperitoneal injection. Group VSM was similarly inoculated; it received anti-venom serum and a 10% aqueous extract of the Mikania glomerata plant orally. Group C was the control group and received saline solution alone. Evaluations were performed at 0.5 h (M1), 6 h (M2), and 24 h (M3) after venom inoculation. Animals from both inoculated groups (VS and VSM) sh

Effects of Mikania glomerata Leaf Extract on Experimental Bothropoides jararaca Envenomation in Wistar Rats

Background: Bothropic envenomation represents the most common ophidic accident worldwide, compared to other snakebites of medical interest. Bothropic venom has proteolytic, vasculotoxic, clotting and/or hemorrhagic actions in animals and humans. Mikania glomerata is a plant found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with interesting medical properties that may be useful in ameliorating the effects of ophidic venom, and thus, improving response and outcome. Although Mikania is known to act through inhibition of cytolysins in the venom, there is a lack of consistent research data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. glomerata in bothropic envenomation treatment.Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed following Bothropoides jararaca experimental envenomation in three groups of 18 Wistar rats each. Group VS was inoculated in the pelvic limb via intramuscular injection of bothropic venom and received specific anti-venom serum via intraperitoneal injection. Group VSM was similarly inoculated; it received anti-venom serum and a 10% aqueous extract of the Mikania glomerata plant orally. Group C was the control group and received saline solution alone. Evaluations were performed at 0.5 h (M1), 6 h (M2), and 24 h (M3) after venom inoculation. Animals from both inoculated groups (VS and VSM) sh

Effects of Mikania glomerata Leaf Extract on Experimental Bothropoides jararaca Envenomation in Wistar Rats

Background: Bothropic envenomation represents the most common ophidic accident worldwide, compared to other snakebites of medical interest. Bothropic venom has proteolytic, vasculotoxic, clotting and/or hemorrhagic actions in animals and humans. Mikania glomerata is a plant found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with interesting medical properties that may be useful in ameliorating the effects of ophidic venom, and thus, improving response and outcome. Although Mikania is known to act through inhibition of cytolysins in the venom, there is a lack of consistent research data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. glomerata in bothropic envenomation treatment.Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed following Bothropoides jararaca experimental envenomation in three groups of 18 Wistar rats each. Group VS was inoculated in the pelvic limb via intramuscular injection of bothropic venom and received specific anti-venom serum via intraperitoneal injection. Group VSM was similarly inoculated; it received anti-venom serum and a 10% aqueous extract of the Mikania glomerata plant orally. Group C was the control group and received saline solution alone. Evaluations were performed at 0.5 h (M1), 6 h (M2), and 24 h (M3) after venom inoculation. Animals from both inoculated groups (VS and VSM) sh

Effects of Mikania glomerata Leaf Extract on Experimental Bothropoides jararaca Envenomation in Wistar Rats

Background: Bothropic envenomation represents the most common ophidic accident worldwide, compared to other snakebites of medical interest. Bothropic venom has proteolytic, vasculotoxic, clotting and/or hemorrhagic actions in animals and humans. Mikania glomerata is a plant found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with interesting medical properties that may be useful in ameliorating the effects of ophidic venom, and thus, improving response and outcome. Although Mikania is known to act through inhibition of cytolysins in the venom, there is a lack of consistent research data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. glomerata in bothropic envenomation treatment.Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed following Bothropoides jararaca experimental envenomation in three groups of 18 Wistar rats each. Group VS was inoculated in the pelvic limb via intramuscular injection of bothropic venom and received specific anti-venom serum via intraperitoneal injection. Group VSM was similarly inoculated; it received anti-venom serum and a 10% aqueous extract of the Mikania glomerata plant orally. Group C was the control group and received saline solution alone. Evaluations were performed at 0.5 h (M1), 6 h (M2), and 24 h (M3) after venom inoculation. Animals from both inoculated groups (VS and VSM) sh

Effects of Mikania glomerata Leaf Extract on Experimental Bothropoides jararaca Envenomation in Wistar Rats

Background: Bothropic envenomation represents the most common ophidic accident worldwide, compared to other snakebites of medical interest. Bothropic venom has proteolytic, vasculotoxic, clotting and/or hemorrhagic actions in animals and humans. Mikania glomerata is a plant found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with interesting medical properties that may be useful in ameliorating the effects of ophidic venom, and thus, improving response and outcome. Although Mikania is known to act through inhibition of cytolysins in the venom, there is a lack of consistent research data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. glomerata in bothropic envenomation treatment.Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed following Bothropoides jararaca experimental envenomation in three groups of 18 Wistar rats each. Group VS was inoculated in the pelvic limb via intramuscular injection of bothropic venom and received specific anti-venom serum via intraperitoneal injection. Group VSM was similarly inoculated; it received anti-venom serum and a 10% aqueous extract of the Mikania glomerata plant orally. Group C was the control group and received saline solution alone. Evaluations were performed at 0.5 h (M1), 6 h (M2), and 24 h (M3) after venom inoculation. Animals from both inoculated groups (VS and VSM) sh