Checklist of Amazonian gasteroid fungi (Agaricomycetidae, Phallomycetidae, Basidiomycota) / Checklist de fungos gasteroides da Amazônia (Agaricomycetidae, Phallomycetidae, Basidiomycota)

The Amazon rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, with high biodiversity of organisms. Despite the increasing knowledge about fungal diversity in the last few years, many fungal taxa, including gasteroid clades, are still poorly known. Gasteroid fungi are recognized by the maturation of basidiospores inside the basidiomata and by the passive release of spores. We conducted a detailed survey of published data on the species that occur in Amazon forests. We confirmed the occurrence of 83 species distributed in 22 genera, eight families and four orders. The most representative genera was Geastrum, followed by Cyathus, Lycoperdon and Phallus. We present an identification key for Amazonian gasteroid genera and a map of record distribution. This review is expected to contribute to identify distribution gaps for further research on gasteroid fungi and to subsidize policies for the conservation of fungi in the Amazon region.(AU)

A floresta amazônica é a maior floresta tropical do mundo, com alta biodiversidade de organismos. Apesar do crescente aumento sobre o conhecimento da diversidade fúngica nos últimos anos, muitos táxons de fungos, especialmente clados gasteróides, ainda são pouco conhecidos. Os fungos gasteróides são reconhecidos pela maturação dos basidiósporos no interior do basidioma e pela liberação passiva de esporos. Baseado em dados publicados, realizamos um levantamento detalhado das espécies que ocorrem na floresta amazônica. Nós confirmamos a ocorrência de 83 espécies distribuídas em 22 gêneros, 8 famílias e 4 ordens. Os gêneros mais representativos foram Geastrum, seguido por Cyathus, Lycoperdon e Phallus. Apresentamos uma chave de identificação para gêneros de gasteróides amazônicos e um mapa de distribuição de registros. Espera-se que esta revisão contribua para identificar lacunas de distribuição para futuras pesquisas sobre fungos gasteroides e para subsidiar políticas de conservação de fungos na região amazônica.(AU)

Prolapso peniano em tartaruga-verde (Chelonia mydas) / Penile prolapse in green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)

A ocorrência de prolapso peniano em repteis é observada tanto em quelônios terrestres, quanto em squamatas, porém há a escassez de relatos em tartarugas marinhas documentados até o momento. Desta forma, objetivou-se relatar o processo de reabilitação de uma tartaruga-verde (Chelonia mydas) com prolapso peniano, de modo a nortear procedimentos clínicos e terapêuticos que possam propiciar maior sucesso na reabilitação destes animais. Uma tartaruga-verde (C. mydas), adulto, macho, foi resgatada no dia 02 de maio de 2020 na praia de Muriú, Ceará Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. O espécime encontrava-se ativo, responsivo, com bom escore corpóreo, hidratação moderada, presença de prolapso peniano com mucosa associada hiperêmica e parte necrosada, além disso, encontrava-se com a nadadeira anterior esquerda amputada. O animal recebeu suporte terapêutico à base de analgésicos, antibióticos, anti-inflamatórios, polivitamínicos e fluidoterapia. Foram realizados procedimentos cirúrgicos para remoção total do úmero e redução mecânica do prolapso peniano. Após 50 dias de reabilitação o animal teve alta médica e foi reintroduzido de volta ao mar. Conclui-se que o protocolo utilizado, tanto na reabilitação, quanto no tratamento conservativo do prolapso peniano mostrou-se eficaz na redução do edema, evitando assim a recidiva do prolapso.(AU)

The occurrence of penile prolapse in reptiles has been observed both in terrestrial turtles and squamates. However, there are few reports of penile prolapse in sea turtles published to date. This study aimed at reporting the rehabilitation process of a green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) with penile prolapse, in order to guide clinical and therapeutic measures that can provide greater success in the rehabilitation of these animals. An adult male green sea turtle (C. mydas) was rescued on May 2, 2020 at Muriú beach, Ceará Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The specimen was active and responsive, with a good body score and moderate hydration, and showed the presence of penile prolapse with associated hyperemic mucosa and necrosis. It also had the left anterior fin amputated. The animal received therapeutic support based on antibiotics, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, multivitamins, and fluid therapy. The surgical procedure for the complete removal of the humerus and mechanical reduction of penile prolapse was performed. After 50 days of rehabilitation, the animal was discharged and was reintroduced back to the sea. It is concluded that the protocol used was effective in reducing edema, thus preventing the recurrence of prolapse, both in rehabilitation and in the conservative treatment of penile prolapse(AU)

Prolapso peniano em tartaruga-verde (Chelonia mydas) / Penile prolapse in green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)

A ocorrência de prolapso peniano em repteis é observada tanto em quelônios terrestres, quanto em squamatas, porém há a escassez de relatos em tartarugas marinhas documentados até o momento. Desta forma, objetivou-se relatar o processo de reabilitação de uma tartaruga-verde (Chelonia mydas) com prolapso peniano, de modo a nortear procedimentos clínicos e terapêuticos que possam propiciar maior sucesso na reabilitação destes animais. Uma tartaruga-verde (C. mydas), adulto, macho, foi resgatada no dia 02 de maio de 2020 na praia de Muriú, Ceará Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. O espécime encontrava-se ativo, responsivo, com bom escore corpóreo, hidratação moderada, presença de prolapso peniano com mucosa associada hiperêmica e parte necrosada, além disso, encontrava-se com a nadadeira anterior esquerda amputada. O animal recebeu suporte terapêutico à base de analgésicos, antibióticos, anti-inflamatórios, polivitamínicos e fluidoterapia. Foram realizados procedimentos cirúrgicos para remoção total do úmero e redução mecânica do prolapso peniano. Após 50 dias de reabilitação o animal teve alta médica e foi reintroduzido de volta ao mar. Conclui-se que o protocolo utilizado, tanto na reabilitação, quanto no tratamento conservativo do prolapso peniano mostrou-se eficaz na redução do edema, evitando assim a recidiva do prolapso.

The occurrence of penile prolapse in reptiles has been observed both in terrestrial turtles and squamates. However, there are few reports of penile prolapse in sea turtles published to date. This study aimed at reporting the rehabilitation process of a green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) with penile prolapse, in order to guide clinical and therapeutic measures that can provide greater success in the rehabilitation of these animals. An adult male green sea turtle (C. mydas) was rescued on May 2, 2020 at Muriú beach, Ceará Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The specimen was active and responsive, with a good body score and moderate hydration, and showed the presence of penile prolapse with associated hyperemic mucosa and necrosis. It also had the left anterior fin amputated. The animal received therapeutic support based on antibiotics, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, multivitamins, and fluid therapy. The surgical procedure for the complete removal of the humerus and mechanical reduction of penile prolapse was performed. After 50 days of rehabilitation, the animal was discharged and was reintroduced back to the sea. It is concluded that the protocol used was effective in reducing edema, thus preventing the recurrence of prolapse, both in rehabilitation and in the conservative treatment of penile prolapse

A new species of the genus Chiromyza Wiedemann (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract Seven species of the genus Chiromyza Wiedemann are recorded in Brazil: C. brevicornis (Lindner, 1949), C. enderleini (Lindner, 1949), C. leptiformis (Macquart, 1838), C. ochraceaWiedemann, 1820, C. stylicornis (Enderlein, 1921), C. viridisBezzi, 1922 and C. vittataWiedemann, 1820. Herein I describe a new species, Chiromyza raccai sp. nov., based on 88 specimens (41 males, 47 females) from the Atlantic Rain Forest mountains of State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the city of Miguel Pereira. The new species is distinguished from the related species C. ochracea and C. vittata by the structure of male terminalia. Chiromyza raccai sp. nov. has the distal region of the phallus rounded with two conspicuous apical setae, C. ochracea has the distal surface of the phallus wide and flatness, and C. vittata has the distal surface of the phallus rounded with outer margin rugose.

A new species of the genus Chiromyza Wiedemann (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Seven species of the genus Chiromyza Wiedemann are recorded in Brazil: C. brevicornis (Lindner, 1949), C. enderleini (Lindner, 1949), C. leptiformis (Macquart, 1838), C. ochracea Wiedemann, 1820, C. stylicornis (Enderlein, 1921), C. viridis Bezzi, 1922 and C. vittata Wiedemann, 1820. Herein I describe a new species, Chiromyza raccai sp. nov., based on 88 specimens (41 males, 47 females) from the Atlantic Rain Forest mountains of State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the city of Miguel Pereira. The new species is distinguished from the related species C. ochracea and C. vittata by the structure of male terminalia. Chiromyza raccai sp. nov. has the distal region of the phallus rounded with two conspicuous apical setae, C. ochracea has the distal surface of the phallus wide and flatness, and C. vittata has the distal surface of the phallus rounded with outer margin rugose.

A new species of the genus Chiromyza Wiedemann (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Seven species of the genus Chiromyza Wiedemann are recorded in Brazil: C. brevicornis (Lindner, 1949), C. enderleini (Lindner, 1949), C. leptiformis (Macquart, 1838), C. ochracea Wiedemann, 1820, C. stylicornis (Enderlein, 1921), C. viridis Bezzi, 1922 and C. vittata Wiedemann, 1820. Herein I describe a new species, Chiromyza raccai sp. nov., based on 88 specimens (41 males, 47 females) from the Atlantic Rain Forest mountains of State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the city of Miguel Pereira. The new species is distinguished from the related species C. ochracea and C. vittata by the structure of male terminalia. Chiromyza raccai sp. nov. has the distal region of the phallus rounded with two conspicuous apical setae, C. ochracea has the distal surface of the phallus wide and flatness, and C. vittata has the distal surface of the phallus rounded with outer margin rugose.(AU)

Revaluation of the taxonomic characters and distribution of Omalonyx geayi (Gastropoda, Succineidae)

ABSTRACT Omalonyx geayi Tillier, 1980 was originally described on the basis of specimens from Kaw swamp, French Guiana. This species distinguished from other of Omalonyx d'Orbigny, 1837: (i) by hermaphrodite duct twice as long and sacculate, without radial ducts but a funnel-shaped insertion on the ovariotestis, and (ii) by longitudinal wrinkled folds on the phallus inner wall. Two recent collections - from Trinidad and Carauari (Amazonas, Brazil) included specimens with ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct morphologies similar to that originally described for O. geayi, but with phallus morphology not consistent with identification as O. geayi. A further eight lots, from Suriname, Ecuador, Brazil (Amazonas and Alagoas States), Bolivia and Cayenne-Kourou Road in French Guiana comprised specimens with phallus morphology analogous to O. geayi and ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct similar to that of other Omalonyx species. Based on histological examination, and earlier phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters, we conclude that the ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct conditions previously described for O. geayi were based on parasitized specimens. Accordingly, O. geayi is redescribed, and new information presented on the species' wide distribution in South America.

RESUMO Omalonyx geayi Tillier, 1980 foi originalmente descrita com base em exemplares procedentes do pântano Kaw na Guiana Francesa. A espécie se diferencia das demais de Omalonyx d'Orbigny, 1837: (i) pelo ducto hermafrodita duas vezes mais longo e convoluto, cuja inserção no ovariotestis é em formato de um funil, ao invés de ductos radiais, e (ii) pelas pregas longitudinais enrugadas na parede interna do falo. Dois lotes - procedentes de Trinidad e Carauari (Amazonas, Brasil) - apresentaram espécimes com ovariotestis e ducto hermafrodita similares aos da descrição original de O. geayi, porém com a morfologia do falo distinta. Outros oito lotes procedentes do Suriname, Equador, Brasil (estados do Amazonas e Alagoas), Bolívia e estrada Cayenne-Kourou na Guiana Francesa continham exemplares com morfologia do falo análoga à de O. geayi, todavia com ovariotestis e ducto hermafrodita similares aos das demais espécies de Omalonyx. Conforme resultados do estudo histológico e da análise filogenética com caracteres morfológicos, concluímos que as condições mencionadas para o ovariotestis e ducto hermafrodita na descrição de O. geayi foi baseada em espécimes parasitados. Omalonyx geayi é redescrita e novas informações sobre a distribuição na América do Sul são apresentadas.

Revaluation of the taxonomic characters and distribution of Omalonyx geayi (Gastropoda, Succineidae) / Reavaliação dos caracteres taxonômicos e da distribuição de Omalonyx geayi (Gastropoda, Succineidae)

Omalonyx geayi Tillier, 1980 was originally described on the basis of specimens from Kaw swamp, French Guiana. This species distinguished from other of Omalonyx d'Orbigny, 1837: (i) by hermaphrodite duct twice as long and sacculate, without radial ducts but a funnel-shaped insertion on the ovariotestis, and (ii) by longitudinal wrinkled folds on the phallus inner wall. Two recent collections - from Trinidad and Carauari (Amazonas, Brazil) included specimens with ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct morphologies similar to that originally described for O. geayi, but with phallus morphology not consistent with identification as O. geayi. A further eight lots, from Suriname, Ecuador, Brazil (Amazonas and Alagoas States), Bolivia and Cayenne-Kourou Road in French Guiana comprised specimens with phallus morphology analogous to O. geayi and ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct similar to that of other Omalonyx species. Based on histological examination, and earlier phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters, we conclude that the ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct conditions previously described for O. geayi were based on parasitized specimens. Accordingly, O. geayi is redescribed, and new information presented on the species' wide distribution in South America.(AU)

Omalonyx geayi Tillier, 1980 foi originalmente descrita com base em exemplares procedentes do pântano Kaw na Guiana Francesa. A espécie se diferencia das demais de Omalonyx d'Orbigny, 1837: (i) pelo ducto hermafrodita duas vezes mais longo e convoluto, cuja inserção no ovariotestis é em formato de um funil, ao invés de ductos radiais, e (ii) pelas pregas longitudinais enrugadas na parede interna do falo. Dois lotes - procedentes de Trinidad e Carauari (Amazonas, Brasil) - apresentaram espécimes com ovariotestis e ducto hermafrodita similares aos da descrição original de O. geayi, porém com a morfologia do falo distinta. Outros oito lotes procedentes do Suriname, Equador, Brasil (estados do Amazonas e Alagoas), Bolívia e estrada Cayenne-Kourou na Guiana Francesa continham exemplares com morfologia do falo análoga à de O. geayi, todavia com ovariotestis e ducto hermafrodita similares aos das demais espécies de Omalonyx. Conforme resultados do estudo histológico e da análise filogenética com caracteres morfológicos, concluímos que as condições mencionadas para o ovariotestis e ducto hermafrodita na descrição de O. geayi foi baseada em espécimes parasitados. Omalonyx geayi é redescrita e novas informações sobre a distribuição na América do Sul são apresentadas.(AU)

Revaluation of the taxonomic characters and distribution of Omalonyx geayi (Gastropoda, Succineidae) / Reavaliação dos caracteres taxonômicos e da distribuição de Omalonyx geayi (Gastropoda, Succineidae)

Omalonyx geayi Tillier, 1980 was originally described on the basis of specimens from Kaw swamp, French Guiana. This species distinguished from other of Omalonyx d'Orbigny, 1837: (i) by hermaphrodite duct twice as long and sacculate, without radial ducts but a funnel-shaped insertion on the ovariotestis, and (ii) by longitudinal wrinkled folds on the phallus inner wall. Two recent collections - from Trinidad and Carauari (Amazonas, Brazil) included specimens with ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct morphologies similar to that originally described for O. geayi, but with phallus morphology not consistent with identification as O. geayi. A further eight lots, from Suriname, Ecuador, Brazil (Amazonas and Alagoas States), Bolivia and Cayenne-Kourou Road in French Guiana comprised specimens with phallus morphology analogous to O. geayi and ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct similar to that of other Omalonyx species. Based on histological examination, and earlier phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters, we conclude that the ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct conditions previously described for O. geayi were based on parasitized specimens. Accordingly, O. geayi is redescribed, and new information presented on the species' wide distribution in South America.

Omalonyx geayi Tillier, 1980 foi originalmente descrita com base em exemplares procedentes do pântano Kaw na Guiana Francesa. A espécie se diferencia das demais de Omalonyx d'Orbigny, 1837: (i) pelo ducto hermafrodita duas vezes mais longo e convoluto, cuja inserção no ovariotestis é em formato de um funil, ao invés de ductos radiais, e (ii) pelas pregas longitudinais enrugadas na parede interna do falo. Dois lotes - procedentes de Trinidad e Carauari (Amazonas, Brasil) - apresentaram espécimes com ovariotestis e ducto hermafrodita similares aos da descrição original de O. geayi, porém com a morfologia do falo distinta. Outros oito lotes procedentes do Suriname, Equador, Brasil (estados do Amazonas e Alagoas), Bolívia e estrada Cayenne-Kourou na Guiana Francesa continham exemplares com morfologia do falo análoga à de O. geayi, todavia com ovariotestis e ducto hermafrodita similares aos das demais espécies de Omalonyx. Conforme resultados do estudo histológico e da análise filogenética com caracteres morfológicos, concluímos que as condições mencionadas para o ovariotestis e ducto hermafrodita na descrição de O. geayi foi baseada em espécimes parasitados. Omalonyx geayi é redescrita e novas informações sobre a distribuição na América do Sul são apresentadas.

Sex identification of domestic geese (Anser anser): comparison of cytogenetic analysis technique and post anesthetic inspection of the cloaca / Identificação do sexo de gansos domésticos (Anser anser): comparação da técnica de sexagem cromossômica e a inspeção pós-anestésica da cloaca

The domestic geese used in this experiment were free-living, from a lake located in an urban area and its population had increased dramatically. The need for a project proposing the sterilization of some males to restrain population growth, led to the need for sexing these animals. As domestic geese present minimal sexual dimorphism, two techniques were tested: cytogenetic analysis and post anesthetic inspection of the cloaca. There were used eight adults geese randomly chosen from a group of 80 animals. They were caught with nets or by hand, were individually transported and housed in appropriate place waiting for the cytogenetic analysis (three to four days). For the chromosomal sexing, was collected 2 mL of blood and the peripheral blood lymphocyte culture technique was used. The sample was treated with hypotonic KCl, fixed in three changes of methanol/acetic acid solution. The slides were prepared with the standard technique and examined under an optical microscope to observe the metaphase. To the technique of cloaca eversion, was performed injectable anesthesia with tiletamine-zolazepam 5%. Ten minutes after anesthesia, the cloaca has been everted to visualize the internal structures and sex determination. The techniques were performed in blinded trial to avoidinaccurate results. From the eight animals submitted to chromosomal sexing technique, five were identified as male and three as females, reaching 100% agreement when compared with the cloaca eversion technique. Sexing chromosomal technique appeared to cause the least discomfort in the animals evaluated, proving to be a reliable technique for sexualdetermination and favorable to animal welfare.

Os gansos domésticos utilizados neste experimento eram de vida livre, pertencentes a um lago localizado em uma área urbana e sua população havia aumentado dramaticamente. A necessidade de um projeto com foco na esterilização de alguns machos, para reduzir o crescimento populacional, levou à necessidade de sexagem desses animais. como os gansos domésticos apresentam mínimo dimorfismo sexual, duas técnicas foram testadas: análise citogenética e inspeção da cloaca pós-anestesia. Foram utilizados oito gansos adultos, escolhidos aleatoriamente de um grupo de 80 animais. Eles foram capturados com redes ou manualmente, transportados individualmente e alojados em local apropriado a espera da análise citogenética (três a quatro dias). Para a sexagem cromossomal, foram coletados 2 ml de sangue e a técnica de cultura de linfócitos periféricos foi empregada. As amostras resultantes foram tratadas com kcl hipotônico, fixadas em três trocas de solução de metanol e ácido acético. As lâminas foram preparadas com a técnica padrão e examinadas ao microscópio óptico para observação das metáfases. para a técnica de eversão da cloaca, foi realizada a anestesia injetável com tiletamina-zolazepam 5%. Dez minutos após a anestesia, a cloaca foi evertida para a visualização das estruturas internas e a determinação sexual. AAs técnicas foram conduzidas em duplo cego, para melhor acurácia dos resultados. Dos oito animais submetidos à técnica de sexagem cromossomal, cinco foram identificados como machos e três como fêmeas, alcançando 100% de concordância quando comparada com a técnica de eversão da cloaca. A técnica de sexagem cromossomal aparentou causar o menor desconforto nos animais avaliados, mostrando-se uma técnicaconfiável para determinação sexual e favorável ao bem-estar animal.

Sex identification of domestic geese (Anser anser): comparison of cytogenetic analysis technique and post anesthetic inspection of the cloaca / Identificação do sexo de gansos domésticos (Anser anser): comparação da técnica de sexagem cromossômica e a inspeção pós-anestésica da cloaca

The domestic geese used in this experiment were free-living, from a lake located in an urban area and its population had increased dramatically. The need for a project proposing the sterilization of some males to restrain population growth, led to the need for sexing these animals. As domestic geese present minimal sexual dimorphism, two techniques were tested: cytogenetic analysis and post anesthetic inspection of the cloaca. There were used eight adults geese randomly chosen from a group of 80 animals. They were caught with nets or by hand, were individually transported and housed in appropriate place waiting for the cytogenetic analysis (three to four days). For the chromosomal sexing, was collected 2 mL of blood and the peripheral blood lymphocyte culture technique was used. The sample was treated with hypotonic KCl, fixed in three changes of methanol/acetic acid solution. The slides were prepared with the standard technique and examined under an optical microscope to observe the metaphase. To the technique of cloaca eversion, was performed injectable anesthesia with tiletamine-zolazepam 5%. Ten minutes after anesthesia, the cloaca has been everted to visualize the internal structures and sex determination. The techniques were performed in blinded trial to avoidinaccurate results. From the eight animals submitted to chromosomal sexing technique, five were identified as male and three as females, reaching 100% agreement when compared with the cloaca eversion technique. Sexing chromosomal technique appeared to cause the least discomfort in the animals evaluated, proving to be a reliable technique for sexualdetermination and favorable to animal welfare. (AU)

Os gansos domésticos utilizados neste experimento eram de vida livre, pertencentes a um lago localizado em uma área urbana e sua população havia aumentado dramaticamente. A necessidade de um projeto com foco na esterilização de alguns machos, para reduzir o crescimento populacional, levou à necessidade de sexagem desses animais. como os gansos domésticos apresentam mínimo dimorfismo sexual, duas técnicas foram testadas: análise citogenética e inspeção da cloaca pós-anestesia. Foram utilizados oito gansos adultos, escolhidos aleatoriamente de um grupo de 80 animais. Eles foram capturados com redes ou manualmente, transportados individualmente e alojados em local apropriado a espera da análise citogenética (três a quatro dias). Para a sexagem cromossomal, foram coletados 2 ml de sangue e a técnica de cultura de linfócitos periféricos foi empregada. As amostras resultantes foram tratadas com kcl hipotônico, fixadas em três trocas de solução de metanol e ácido acético. As lâminas foram preparadas com a técnica padrão e examinadas ao microscópio óptico para observação das metáfases. para a técnica de eversão da cloaca, foi realizada a anestesia injetável com tiletamina-zolazepam 5%. Dez minutos após a anestesia, a cloaca foi evertida para a visualização das estruturas internas e a determinação sexual. AAs técnicas foram conduzidas em duplo cego, para melhor acurácia dos resultados. Dos oito animais submetidos à técnica de sexagem cromossomal, cinco foram identificados como machos e três como fêmeas, alcançando 100% de concordância quando comparada com a técnica de eversão da cloaca. A técnica de sexagem cromossomal aparentou causar o menor desconforto nos animais avaliados, mostrando-se uma técnicaconfiável para determinação sexual e favorável ao bem-estar animal. (AU)

Taxonomy of the Brazilian firefly Cladodes illigeri (Coleoptera, Lampyridae): morphology and new records / Taxonomia de Cladodes illigeri (Coleoptera, Lampyridae): morfologia e novos registros

Cladodes illigeri (Kirby, 1818) is redescribed, and can be distinguished by the following features: color pattern overall black, paired spots and elytral margins pale yellow; pygidium bisinuate, posterior angles rounded, as long as median margin; and aedeagus with phallus 1/3 shorter than the parameres, which are sinuated apically. Cladodes lamellicornis (Motschulsky, 1854) is proposed as a junior synomym of C. illigeri. New records from the Atlantic Rainforest and illustrations for structural features are provided.(AU)

Cladodes illigeri (Kirby, 1818) é redescrito, o qual pode ser diagnosticado pelos seguintes caracteres: padrão do colorido negro, com par de faixas amarelo-pálidas nas margens elitrais; pigídio bisinuoso, ângulos posteriores arredondados, tão longo quanto a margem mediana; e edeago com falo 1/3 mais curto que os parâmeros, os quais são sinuosos apicalmente. Cladodes lamellicornis (Motschulsky, 1854) é sinonimizado com C. illigeri. Novos registros da Mata Atlântica e ilustrações das características estruturais são fornecidos.(AU)

Taxonomy of the Brazilian firefly Cladodes illigeri (Coleoptera, Lampyridae): morphology and new records / Taxonomia de Cladodes illigeri (Coleoptera, Lampyridae): morfologia e novos registros

Cladodes illigeri (Kirby, 1818) is redescribed, and can be distinguished by the following features: color pattern overall black, paired spots and elytral margins pale yellow; pygidium bisinuate, posterior angles rounded, as long as median margin; and aedeagus with phallus 1/3 shorter than the parameres, which are sinuated apically. Cladodes lamellicornis (Motschulsky, 1854) is proposed as a junior synomym of C. illigeri. New records from the Atlantic Rainforest and illustrations for structural features are provided.

Cladodes illigeri (Kirby, 1818) é redescrito, o qual pode ser diagnosticado pelos seguintes caracteres: padrão do colorido negro, com par de faixas amarelo-pálidas nas margens elitrais; pigídio bisinuoso, ângulos posteriores arredondados, tão longo quanto a margem mediana; e edeago com falo 1/3 mais curto que os parâmeros, os quais são sinuosos apicalmente. Cladodes lamellicornis (Motschulsky, 1854) é sinonimizado com C. illigeri. Novos registros da Mata Atlântica e ilustrações das características estruturais são fornecidos.

Three new species of Hydroptila (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil

Hydroptila Dalman, 1819 is one of the most diverse genus of Hydroptilidae, comprising over 400 species distributed in all biogeographical regions. Only two species were previously recorded from Brazil. Here, three new species from Northeastern Brazil are described and illustrated. The new species can be distinguished based on the male genitalia: Hydroptila marighellai sp. nov. can be recognized by the pliers-shaped tergum X; H. florestani sp. nov. can be recognized by having inferior appendages curved upwards in lateral view; and H. zerbinae sp. nov. differs from the other species of the denza group in the apex of the tergum X, which is wide in lateral view, and the undivided apical portion of the phallus. These are the first records of species of Hydroptila from Northeastern Brazil.

Three new species of Hydroptila (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil

Hydroptila Dalman, 1819 is one of the most diverse genus of Hydroptilidae, comprising over 400 species distributed in all biogeographical regions. Only two species were previously recorded from Brazil. Here, three new species from Northeastern Brazil are described and illustrated. The new species can be distinguished based on the male genitalia: Hydroptila marighellai sp. nov. can be recognized by the pliers-shaped tergum X; H. florestani sp. nov. can be recognized by having inferior appendages curved upwards in lateral view; and H. zerbinae sp. nov. differs from the other species of the denza group in the apex of the tergum X, which is wide in lateral view, and the undivided apical portion of the phallus. These are the first records of species of Hydroptila from Northeastern Brazil.(AU)

Two new species of Costatrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Leucotrichiinae)

Costatrichia Mosely, 1937 is a Neotropical genus included in the subfamily Leucotrichiinae. Previously, this genus included 14 described species, two from Brazil and eight from Costa Rica. Based on recent specimens collected with light traps in the Brazilian Amazon and Costa Rica, we describe two new species: Costatrichia ipixuna sp. nov. from the state of Amazonas, Brazil (C. lodora group) and C. falsa sp. nov. from Puntarenas, Costa Rica (C. simplex group). Costatrichia ipixuna sp. nov. is most similar to C. noite Angrisano, 1995, but can be distinguished by the shallower U-shaped incision on posterior margin of sternum VIII, by the absence of the lateral projection of the same segment bearing very long setae, and by the phallus with a pair of spine-like sclerotized processes apically. Costatrichia falsa sp. nov. is most similar to C. zopilote Harris & Holzenthal, 1999, but differs from it by the median pair of spines of segment VIII, directed mesad and curved posteriorly crossing over each other; by the irregular posterior margin of segment VIII, in ventral view; by the segment X without short lateral paired spines; and by the flange-like apical processes on phallus. In addition, we provide the first record of C. noite Angrisano, 1995 from Brazil (state of Amazonas).

Two new species of Costatrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Leucotrichiinae)

Costatrichia Mosely, 1937 is a Neotropical genus included in the subfamily Leucotrichiinae. Previously, this genus included 14 described species, two from Brazil and eight from Costa Rica. Based on recent specimens collected with light traps in the Brazilian Amazon and Costa Rica, we describe two new species: Costatrichia ipixuna sp. nov. from the state of Amazonas, Brazil (C. lodora group) and C. falsa sp. nov. from Puntarenas, Costa Rica (C. simplex group). Costatrichia ipixuna sp. nov. is most similar to C. noite Angrisano, 1995, but can be distinguished by the shallower U-shaped incision on posterior margin of sternum VIII, by the absence of the lateral projection of the same segment bearing very long setae, and by the phallus with a pair of spine-like sclerotized processes apically. Costatrichia falsa sp. nov. is most similar to C. zopilote Harris & Holzenthal, 1999, but differs from it by the median pair of spines of segment VIII, directed mesad and curved posteriorly crossing over each other; by the irregular posterior margin of segment VIII, in ventral view; by the segment X without short lateral paired spines; and by the flange-like apical processes on phallus. In addition, we provide the first record of C. noite Angrisano, 1995 from Brazil (state of Amazonas).

Two new species of Costatrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Leucotrichiinae)

Costatrichia Mosely, 1937 is a Neotropical genus included in the subfamily Leucotrichiinae. Previously, this genus included 14 described species, two from Brazil and eight from Costa Rica. Based on recent specimens collected with light traps in the Brazilian Amazon and Costa Rica, we describe two new species: Costatrichia ipixuna sp. nov. from the state of Amazonas, Brazil (C. lodora group) and C. falsa sp. nov. from Puntarenas, Costa Rica (C. simplex group). Costatrichia ipixuna sp. nov. is most similar to C. noite Angrisano, 1995, but can be distinguished by the shallower U-shaped incision on posterior margin of sternum VIII, by the absence of the lateral projection of the same segment bearing very long setae, and by the phallus with a pair of spine-like sclerotized processes apically. Costatrichia falsa sp. nov. is most similar to C. zopilote Harris & Holzenthal, 1999, but differs from it by the median pair of spines of segment VIII, directed mesad and curved posteriorly crossing over each other; by the irregular posterior margin of segment VIII, in ventral view; by the segment X without short lateral paired spines; and by the flange-like apical processes on phallus. In addition, we provide the first record of C. noite Angrisano, 1995 from Brazil (state of Amazonas).

MORFOLOGIA DOS ÓRGÃOS GENITAIS DE Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei

Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei é uma das 36 espécies de Testudines existentes no Brasil. Pertencente à família Chelidae, subordem Pleurodira distribui-se pelas bacias dos rios Amazonas, São Francisco, Tocantins e do Prata. Estudos sobre a ecologia da espécie abordam aspectos relacionados principalmente aos padrões de atividade e alimentação, contribuindo de forma expressiva para o conhecimento da espécie. Apesar de algumas informações sobre a biologia reprodutiva em animais de vida livre e em cativeiro estarem disponíveis, enfoque que correlacione esses dados aos processos orgânicos aos quais os órgãos genitais estão submetidos durante o ciclo reprodutivo são desconhecidos. Identificar e compreender as características morfológicas dos órgãos genitais estabelecendo padrões de atividades dos mesmos constituem-se em ferramentas básicas do conhecimento para que, a posteriori, manejo reprodutivo com vistas a conservação das populações naturais possa ser implementado. Nesse contexto, a anatomia macro e microscópica dos órgãos genitais de fêmeas jovens, adultas e machos adultos foram descritos. Os órgãos genitais das fêmeas são constituídos por pares de ovários alongados com a extremidade cranial mais larga e caudal afunilada, ovidutos longos e localizados lateralmente aos ovários que desembocam dorsolateralmente na cloaca, sendo em adultas maiores quando comparados com as jovens, e por último um clitóris localizado no assoalho da cloaca. Nos machos os órgãos genitais constituem-se de pares de testículos, epidídimos, ductos deferentes e um phallus. O parênquima testicular é constituído por túbulos seminíferos contendo no seu interior células do epitélio espermatogênico e células de sustentação, entre os túbulos, o tecido conjuntivo abriga capilares sanguíneos e endocrinócito intersticial. Os epidídimos são revestidos por epitélio simples cúbico sustentado por lâmina própria e uma espessa camada de células musculares lisas, já o ducto deferente difere apenas por ter a mucosa circundado por uma camada espessa de fibras colágenas. O phallus é formado por duas colunas de tecido enegrecido e macio cuja composição é de tecido conjuntivo denso não modelado com predomínio de fibras colágenas. A cloaca é constituída pelo coprodeum, urodeum e proctodeum, sendo na região do urodeum, observado em fêmeas e machos, respectivamente o clitóris e a região caudal do phallus. A mucosa da cloaca é constituída de epitélio pseudo-estratificado cilíndrico com células caliciformes circundado por abundante tecido conjunto denso. Exceto pelas características do clitóris e phallus os demais componentes apresentam similaridade com os dos demais Testudines descritos.

Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei is one the most of 36 species of Testudines that has occurrence in brazil. It belongs to the family Chelidae, suborder Pleurodira, distributes by Amazonas, San Francisco, Tocantins and of the Silver basins of the rivers. Studies on the ecology of the species address aspects related mainly to the patterns of activity and feeding, contributing significantly to the knowledge of the species. Although some information on reproductive biology in free-living animals and captivity is available, an approach that correlates these data with the organic processes to which the genital organs are submitted during the reproductive cycle are unknown. Identify and understand the morphological characteristics of the genitals, establishing patterns of their activities, constitute basic knowledge tools so that, a posteriori, reproductive management for the conservation of natural populations can be implemented. In this context, the macro and microscopic anatomy of the genital organs of young and adult females, and adult male were described. The genital organs of the females are composed of pairs of elongate ovaries with the larger cranial and tapered caudal, long oviducts and located laterally to the ovaries that flow dorsolaterally into the cloaca, being in adults larger when compared to the young, and finally a clitoris Located on the floor of the cloaca. In males the genitals are composed of pairs of testes, epididymides, vas deferens, and a phallus. The parenchyma testis consists of seminiferous tubules containing cells of the spermatogenic epithelium and supporting cells, between the tubules, the connective tissue houses blood capillaries and endocrinocytus interstitialis. The epididymides are covered by simple cubic epithelium supported by a lamina propria and a smooth muscular layer, whereas the vas deferens differs only because the mucosa is surrounded by a thick thick layer of collagen fibers. The phallus is formed by two columns of blackened and soft tissue whose composition is dense connective tissue not modeled with predominance of collagen fibers. The cloaca is constituted by coprodeum, urodeum and proctodeum, being in the region of the urodeum, observed in females and males, respectively the clitoris and the caudal region of the phallus. The phallus is formed by two columns of blackened and soft tissue whose composition is dense connective tissue not modeled with predominance of collagen fibers. The cloaca is constituted by coprodeum, urodeum and proctodeum, being in the region of the urodeum, observed in females and males, respectively the clitoris and the caudal region of the phallus. Except for the characteristics of the clitoris and phallus, the others components are similar to those citad for others Testudines species.

Three new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Brazil

Three new species of Hydroptilidae are herein described and illustrated from specimens collected with light traps in the states of Pará and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Flintiella carajas sp. nov., from Floresta Nacional de Carajás, shares with F. panamensis Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002, F. tamaulipasa Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002, F. yanamona Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002, and F. manauara Santos & Nessimian, 2009 a deeply incised phallic apex. However, males can be distinguished by a ventromesal process on segment VII, by lacking dorsal hooked processes on segment IX, by the elongate subgenital plate, and by the lateral lobes of the phallic apex slightly curved laterad. Rhyacopsyche diacantha sp. nov. is closely related to R. yatay Angrisano, 1989 and R. garuhape Angrisano & Sganga, 2009. All three species have complex inferior appendages with ventral and dorsal lobes. The new species is distinguished by the male genitalia with segment X two times longer than broad, inferior appendages with the apices obliquely truncate, and a bilobed dorsal lobe on the inferior appendages. Features of the male genitalia of Rhyacopsyche angra sp. nov., R. hagenii and R. dikrosa are similar, but the first species can be distinguished by the inferior appendages truncate apically and produced laterad, and a phallus with the internal tubule hooked subapically and apically.