Evaluation of secretory activity in carp pancreatocytes (Cyprinus carpio L.) when using lactobacillus-based chelate and probiotic supplemental feed complexes

Abstract The experimental research was carried out on the juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The impact from supplemental feeds consisting of variable concentrations of chelate compounds, biogenic trace elements and probiotic lactobacillus-based product Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-2335 was evaluated. Optical and qualitative parameters of the lactobacillus base were studied in order to identify the major group of substances potentially able to influence the end result. The purpose of this research was to identify changes in the structure of the zymogen granules and their dimensions at which supplemental feeds produce a stimulating effect on the synthesis of zymogens in exogenous cells of the secretory part of pancreas. At the outcome of the study, for the first time, it was possible to prove that the integrated action of chelates and lactobacillus-based probiotics complemented each other. Metal chelate compounds contributed to enlargement of the zymogen granules, if compared to the control values. The bacterial products accelerated production of the zymogen granules in acinar cells diffusely located in carp hepatopancreas.

Resumo A pesquisa experimental foi realizada em carpas juvenis (Cyprinus carpio L.). O impacto de suplementos alimentares consistindo em concentrações variáveis de compostos quelatos, oligoelementos biogênicos e produto probiótico baseado em lactobacilos Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-2335 foi avaliado. Parâmetros ópticos e qualitativos da base de lactobacilos foram estudados a fim de identificar o maior grupo de substâncias potencialmente capazes de influenciar o resultado final. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi identificar mudanças na estrutura dos grânulos de zimogênio e suas dimensões nas quais alimentos suplementares produzem um efeito estimulante na síntese de zimogênios em células exógenas da parte secretora do pâncreas. No resultado do estudo, pela primeira vez, foi possível comprovar que a ação integrada dos quelatos e dos probióticos à base de lactobacilos se complementava. Compostos quelatos metálicos contribuíram para o aumento dos grânulos de zimogênio, se comparados aos valores de controle. Os produtos bacterianos aceleraram a produção dos grânulos de zimogênio nas células acinares localizadas difusamente no hepatopâncreas da carpa.

Elaboration, characterization, and probiotic viability of synbiotic non-dairy drink based on coconut / Elaboração, caracterização e viabilidade probiótica de bebida simbiótica não-láctea a base de coco

Coconut is a fruit grown in more than 80 countries owing to its outstanding nutritional and biological value and it is an important crop for the food industry" por "Coconut is a fruit grown in more than 80 countries and owing to its outstanding nutritional and biological value and it is an important crop for the food industry. Thus, developing new coconut-based products is attractive to explore the benefits provided by microorganisms and improve the nutritional and bioactive composition of coconut products, such as by preparing fermented beverages. This study developed and characterize a drink based on dry coconut with the prebiotic fructooligosaccharide fermented by the probiotic Lactobacillus casei. The drink was formulated, filtered, fermented, matured, and stored under refrigeration (4 °C) for 28 days; it was evaluated for its physical, chemical, antioxidant, and microbiological characteristics. Compared to the standard non-fermented sample during storage, the fermented drink showed significant variations (P < 0.05) in instrumental color, acidity, and pH, while changes in soluble solids and stability index were observed after 7 days of storage. Regarding the chemical composition, all parameters varied significantly after fermentation. The total phenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity increased significantly after fermentation. Significant reductions were observed (P < 0.05) in the viability of Lactobacillus casei after exposure to gastrointestinal tract conditions, with the following counts (in log CFU mL-1) after 0 and 28 days of storage: - initial: 9.23 ± 0.04 and 9.05 ± 0.12; after the gastric phase: 6.21 ± 0.09 and 5.90 ± 0.01; and after the intestinal phase: 4.59 ± 0.33 and 4.75 ± 0.23, respectively.

O coco é uma fruta cultivada em mais de 80 países e devido ao seu excelente valor nutricional e biológico é uma importante cultura para a indústria alimentícia. Assim, desenvolver novos produtos à base de coco é atrativo para explorar os benefícios proporcionados por microrganismos e melhorar a composição nutricional e bioativa de produtos de coco, como na preparação de bebidas fermentadas. Este estudo desenvolveu e caracterizou uma bebida à base de coco seco com o prebiótico frutooligossacarídeo, fermentada pelo probiótico Lactobacillus casei. A bebida foi formulada, filtrada, fermentada, maturada e armazenada sob refrigeração (4 °C) por 28 dias; além de avaliada em relação às suas características físicas, químicas, antioxidantes e microbiológicas. Quando comparada à amostra padrão não-fermentada ao longo do armazenamento, a bebida fermentada apresentou variações significativas (P < 0.05) para cor instrumental, acidez e pH, enquanto as alterações para sólidos solúveis e índice de estabilidade foram observadas a partir do 7° dia de armazenamento. Em relação à composição química, todos os parâmetros variaram significativamente após o processo fermentativo. O teor de compostos fenólicos totais e capacidade antioxidante aumentaram significativamente após a fermentação. Reduções significativas foram observadas (P < 0,05) na viabilidade do Lactobacillus casei após a exposição às condições do trato gastrointestinal, com as seguintes contagens (em UFC mL-1) após 0 e 28 dias de armazenamento: - inicial: 9,23 ± 0.04 e 9,05 ± 0,12; após a fase gástrica: 6,21 ± 0,09 e 5,90 ± 0,01; e após a fase intestinal: 4,59 ± 0,33 e 4,75 ± 0,23, respectivamente.

Probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Az-12 isolated from pomegranate juice presented inhibitory effects against pathogenic bacteria / Levedura probiótica Saccharomyces cerevisiae Az-12 isolada de suco de romã apresentando efeitos inibitórios contra bactérias patogênicas

The potential probiotic yeast was isolated from the Kyzyl Anor pomegranate variety growing in the Turkestan region (Kazakhstan). The yeast strain was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae Az-12. Molecular genetic identification was carried out using the Sanger sequencing method. The degree of homology of the S. cerevisiae Az-12 strain with the strain MH608341.1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate extr03 was 99.65%. Antagonistic effect of the yeast against pathogenic bacteria was confirmed according inhibition zones for Staphylococcus aureus 13.5 ± 0.05 mm; the inhibition zones for Escherichia coli 12.8 ± 0.05 mm; and 10.7 ± 0.05 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Scanning microscopy of S. cerevisiae Az-12 and S. aureus confirmed the adhesive ability of the yeast cell surface to S. aureus. S. cerevisiae Az-12 were chosen as the most promising, as they are able to quickly ferment juices. Functional drinks containing pomegranate juice and yeast with a probiotic effect can be considered as a useful synbiotic product formulation.

A levedura probiótica potencial foi compreendida da variedade de romã Kyzyl Anor que cresce na região do Turquestão (Cazaquistão). A cepa de levedura foi identificada como Saccharomyces cerevisiae Az-12. A identificação genética molecular foi realizada pelo método de sequenciamento de Sanger. O grau de homologia da cepa S. cerevisiae Az-12 com a cepa MH608341.1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolado extr-03 foi de 99,65%. O efeito antagônico da levedura contra bactérias patogênicas foi confirmado de acordo com as zonas de inibição para Staphylococcus aureus 13,5 ± 0,05 mm; as zonas de inibição para Escherichia coli 12,8 ± 0,05 mm; e 10,7 ± 0,05 mm para Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A microscopia de varredura de S. cerevisiae Az-12 e S. aureus confirmou a capacidade de adesão da superfície celular de levedura a S. aureus. S. cerevisiae Az-12 foram escolhidas como as mais promissoras, pois são capazes de fermentar sucos rapidamente. Bebidas funcionais contendo suco de romã e fermento com efeito probiótico podem ser consideradas como uma formulação de produto simbiótico útil.

In vitro evaluation of probiotic and technological properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from artisanal cheese produced in the Serra Geral - Minas Gerais - Brazil / Avaliação in vitro de propriedades probióticas e tecnológicas de bactérias ácido-láticas isoladas de queijo artesanal da Serra Geral (MG)

O presente estudo avaliou o potencial probiótico in vitro de bactérias ácido-láticas (BAL) isoladas de queijo artesanal da Serra Geral (MG), com 14 e 21 dias de maturação, leite cru e pingo, utilizados em sua elaboração, e de bancadas de produção. As bactérias foram submetidas aos testes de antibiograma, à tolerância a ácido gástrico artificial e a sais biliares e ao antagonismo contra micro-organismos indicadores. Levilactobacillus brevis (Q521) e Lactococcus lactis (LLSG) apresentaram os melhores resultados e foram selecionados para a produção de leite fermentado. Apenas LLSG foi capaz de fermentar o leite. O produto apresentou qualidade microbiológica e físico-química adequada, exceto para os teores de proteína, segundo a legislação vigente para leites fermentados, demonstrando potencial tecnológico. A partir dos resultados apresentados, sugere-se que testes in vivo sejam realizados para que LLSG possa vir a ser utilizado como probiótico.

Elaboration, characterization, and probiotic viability of synbiotic non-dairy drink based on coconut / Elaboração, caracterização e viabilidade probiótica de bebida simbiótica não-láctea a base de coco

ABSTRACT: Coconut is a fruit grown in more than 80 countries owing to its outstanding nutritional and biological value and it is an important crop for the food industry" por "Coconut is a fruit grown in more than 80 countries and owing to its outstanding nutritional and biological value and it is an important crop for the food industry. Thus, developing new coconut-based products is attractive to explore the benefits provided by microorganisms and improve the nutritional and bioactive composition of coconut products, such as by preparing fermented beverages. This study developed and characterize a drink based on dry coconut with the prebiotic fructooligosaccharide fermented by the probiotic Lactobacillus casei. The drink was formulated, filtered, fermented, matured, and stored under refrigeration (4 °C) for 28 days; it was evaluated for its physical, chemical, antioxidant, and microbiological characteristics. Compared to the standard non-fermented sample during storage, the fermented drink showed significant variations (P < 0.05) in instrumental color, acidity, and pH, while changes in soluble solids and stability index were observed after 7 days of storage. Regarding the chemical composition, all parameters varied significantly after fermentation. The total phenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity increased significantly after fermentation. Significant reductions were observed (P < 0.05) in the viability of Lactobacillus casei after exposure to gastrointestinal tract conditions, with the following counts (in log CFU mL-1) after 0 and 28 days of storage: - initial: 9.23 ± 0.04 and 9.05 ± 0.12; after the gastric phase: 6.21 ± 0.09 and 5.90 ± 0.01; and after the intestinal phase: 4.59 ± 0.33 and 4.75 ± 0.23, respectively.

RESUMO: O coco é uma fruta cultivada em mais de 80 países e devido ao seu excelente valor nutricional e biológico é uma importante cultura para a indústria alimentícia. Assim, desenvolver novos produtos à base de coco é atrativo para explorar os benefícios proporcionados por microrganismos e melhorar a composição nutricional e bioativa de produtos de coco, como na preparação de bebidas fermentadas. Este estudo desenvolveu e caracterizou uma bebida à base de coco seco com o prebiótico frutooligossacarídeo, fermentada pelo probiótico Lactobacillus casei. A bebida foi formulada, filtrada, fermentada, maturada e armazenada sob refrigeração (4 °C) por 28 dias; além de avaliada em relação às suas características físicas, químicas, antioxidantes e microbiológicas. Quando comparada à amostra padrão não-fermentada ao longo do armazenamento, a bebida fermentada apresentou variações significativas (P < 0.05) para cor instrumental, acidez e pH, enquanto as alterações para sólidos solúveis e índice de estabilidade foram observadas a partir do 7° dia de armazenamento. Em relação à composição química, todos os parâmetros variaram significativamente após o processo fermentativo. O teor de compostos fenólicos totais e capacidade antioxidante aumentaram significativamente após a fermentação. Reduções significativas foram observadas (P < 0,05) na viabilidade do Lactobacillus casei após a exposição às condições do trato gastrointestinal, com as seguintes contagens (em UFC mL-1) após 0 e 28 dias de armazenamento: - inicial: 9,23 ± 0.04 e 9,05 ± 0,12; após a fase gástrica: 6,21 ± 0,09 e 5,90 ± 0,01; e após a fase intestinal: 4,59 ± 0,33 e 4,75 ± 0,23, respectivamente.

Evaluation of secretory activity in carp pancreatocytes (Cyprinus carpio L. ) when using lactobacillus-based chelate and probiotic supplemental feed complexes / Avaliação da atividade secretora em pancreatócitos de carpa (Cyprinus carpio L. ) ao usar quelato à base de lactobacilos e complexos suplementares de alimentação probiótica

The experimental research was carried out on the juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The impact from supplemental feeds consisting of variable concentrations of chelate compounds, biogenic trace elements and probiotic lactobacillus-based product Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-2335 was evaluated. Optical and qualitative parameters of the lactobacillus base were studied in order to identify the major group of substances potentially able to influence the end result. The purpose of this research was to identify changes in the structure of the zymogen granules and their dimensions at which supplemental feeds produce a stimulating effect on the synthesis of zymogens in exogenous cells of the secretory part of pancreas. At the outcome of the study, for the first time, it was possible to prove that the integrated action of chelates and lactobacillus-based probiotics complemented each other. Metal chelate compounds contributed to enlargement of the zymogen granules, if compared to the control values. The bacterial products accelerated production of the zymogen granules in acinar cells diffusely located in carp hepatopancreas.

A pesquisa experimental foi realizada em carpas juvenis (Cyprinus carpio L.). O impacto de suplementos alimentares consistindo em concentrações variáveis de compostos quelatos, oligoelementos biogênicos e produto probiótico baseado em lactobacilos Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-2335 foi avaliado. Parâmetros ópticos e qualitativos da base de lactobacilos foram estudados a fim de identificar o maior grupo de substâncias potencialmente capazes de influenciar o resultado final. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi identificar mudanças na estrutura dos grânulos de zimogênio e suas dimensões nas quais alimentos suplementares produzem um efeito estimulante na síntese de zimogênios em células exógenas da parte secretora do pâncreas. No resultado do estudo, pela primeira vez, foi possível comprovar que a ação integrada dos quelatos e dos probióticos à base de lactobacilos se complementava. Compostos quelatos metálicos contribuíram para o aumento dos grânulos de zimogênio, se comparados aos valores de controle. Os produtos bacterianos aceleraram a produção dos grânulos de zimogênio nas células acinares localizadas difusamente no hepatopâncreas da carpa.

Performance, Gut Integrity, Enterobacteria Content in Ceca of Broiler Fed Different Eubiotic Additives

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of different eubiotics on productive characteristics, intestinal integrity, as well as the content of enterobacteria in the cecum of broiler chickens. A completely randomized design with five treatments and 8 replicates of 25 birds each was used. In total 1000 mixed broiler chickens from Ross308 strain, one day old were obtained from a commercial hatchery. The birds were housed on concrete floors in a conventional house. A sorghum+soybean meal control diet was used, to which the additives under study were added. The treatments were distributed as follows: T1 = Control diet without antibiotic or eubiotic; T2 = T1 + bacteriophages; T3 = T1 + antibiotic; T4 = T1 + probiotic; T5 = T1 + symbiotic. The results obtained at 49 days of age for weight gain and feed conversion rate improved (p<0.05) with the addition of the antibiotic and eubiotics. A lower (p<0.05) intestinal density was observed with the probiotic. The height, width, and area of villi in duodenum was higher (p<0.05) when antibiotic and eubiotics were included. In the histological score, in duodenum, the antibiotic and eubiotics resulted with a higher score (p<0.05), associated to a physiological and controlled inflammation response that allowed improving productivity. Finally, the relative expression of enterobacteria, such as Lactobacillus salivarius, allowed associating positive changes in the microbiome and better productive parameters when including the symbiotic, with comparable results to the antibiotic when including the eubiotics.(AU)

Evaluation of secretory activity in carp pancreatocytes (Cyprinus carpio L. ) when using lactobacillus-based chelate and probiotic supplemental feed complexes / Avaliação da atividade secretora em pancreatócitos de carpa (Cyprinus carpio L. ) ao usar quelato à base de lactobacilos e complexos suplementares de alimentação probiótica

The experimental research was carried out on the juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The impact from supplemental feeds consisting of variable concentrations of chelate compounds, biogenic trace elements and probiotic lactobacillus-based product Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-2335 was evaluated. Optical and qualitative parameters of the lactobacillus base were studied in order to identify the major group of substances potentially able to influence the end result. The purpose of this research was to identify changes in the structure of the zymogen granules and their dimensions at which supplemental feeds produce a stimulating effect on the synthesis of zymogens in exogenous cells of the secretory part of pancreas. At the outcome of the study, for the first time, it was possible to prove that the integrated action of chelates and lactobacillus-based probiotics complemented each other. Metal chelate compounds contributed to enlargement of the zymogen granules, if compared to the control values. The bacterial products accelerated production of the zymogen granules in acinar cells diffusely located in carp hepatopancreas.(AU)

A pesquisa experimental foi realizada em carpas juvenis (Cyprinus carpio L.). O impacto de suplementos alimentares consistindo em concentrações variáveis de compostos quelatos, oligoelementos biogênicos e produto probiótico baseado em lactobacilos Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-2335 foi avaliado. Parâmetros ópticos e qualitativos da base de lactobacilos foram estudados a fim de identificar o maior grupo de substâncias potencialmente capazes de influenciar o resultado final. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi identificar mudanças na estrutura dos grânulos de zimogênio e suas dimensões nas quais alimentos suplementares produzem um efeito estimulante na síntese de zimogênios em células exógenas da parte secretora do pâncreas. No resultado do estudo, pela primeira vez, foi possível comprovar que a ação integrada dos quelatos e dos probióticos à base de lactobacilos se complementava. Compostos quelatos metálicos contribuíram para o aumento dos grânulos de zimogênio, se comparados aos valores de controle. Os produtos bacterianos aceleraram a produção dos grânulos de zimogênio nas células acinares localizadas difusamente no hepatopâncreas da carpa.(AU)

Effects of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Supplemented Diet on Production Performance, Egg Quality and Humoral Immunity in Black Australorp and Fayoumi Layers

The present study intended to identify the effects of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on production performance and parameters related to the quality of layers' eggs. Effects of yeast on immune titers after routine vaccinations against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis were also studied. Fayoumi chicken (n=288) were divided in four groups (72 in each), and Black Australorp (n=288) in four groups (72 in each). Both had 12 weeks of age and were kept in 08 groups (3 replicates per treatment). Hens were fed a controlled diet along with the addition of 0.5g, 1.0 g, and 1.5 g of S. cerevisiae per kg of feed, till 25 weeks of age. Feed intake and egg production were measured on a daily basis, while body weight gain and egg weight were measured weekly. Egg quality parameters were evaluated by picking 5 eggs from every group weekly. Birds were vaccinated for Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) at the 18th week. Subsequently, 10 days after vaccination, antibody titers were determined by Hemagglutination Inhibition and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for both diseases. Results showed no significant effect of S. cerevisiae on layers' weight gain and feed intake. However, egg production was increased in the experimental group. Moreover, yeast supplementation impacted positively on birds' immune system. In conclusion, probiotic supplementation improved birds' egg production and immunity.(AU)

A Comparative Study of the Effect of Non-Antibiotic Feed Additives on Experimental Colonization of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteridis and Intestinal Pathomorphology in Broiler Chickens

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eubiotics on the intestinal morphology of broilers. For this purpose, 125 birds were divided into six groups with two replicates each (10 birds in each replicate). Group A was given a Basal diet. All groups except group A were challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Group B was provided the basal diet, group C was fed a Probiotic-added diet; group D was fed a Prebiotics-based diet; group E was given essential oils plus the basal diet; and group F was provided with organic acids plus the basal diet. Two separate experiments were carried out for Salmonella recovery, checking the cecal tonsils and conducting an intestinal pathomorphic evaluation. Villus length, villus width, villus surface area, and crypt depth were measured by micrometry. There was an overall improvement (p<0.05) in intestinal morphometric parameters for all the treatment groups except for the negative control group, which showed the lowest villus height and villus depth values. Maximum villus height (p<0.05) of the duodenum was achieved by group E, which was fed a diet containing essential oils, whereas a maximum villus surface area index (p<0.05) was recorded for the birds of Group D, which were fed a diet containing prebiotics. Maximum villus height (p<0.05) and surface area index in ileum mucosa was recorded (p<0.05) in the birds of group D (treated with prebiotics). It is concluded that there is an overall increase in the gut histology of broilers fed non-antibiotic based feed.(AU)

Effect of lactic acid bacteria preparations on calf fecal flora

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of lactic acid bacteria preparations on microbial diversity and community structure of calves. On days 1 and 7 of the trial period, feces were collected into sterile tubes and labeled (Day 1: control group D1DZ, experimental group D1SY, and Day 7: control group D7DZ, experimental group D7SY). Twenty Angus calves (150±10 kg) were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 10 calves each. The control group fed a basal diet. In addition to feeding the basal diet, the experimental group was given 15 mL lactobacillus preparation orally at 09:00 and 16:00 h every day. Calves were allowed free feeding and drinking water. All other feeding environments and management conditions remained consistent with the experiment lasting for seven days. At the end of the experiment, the fecal microflora of the calves was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing techniques. The 16S rRNA analysis data were processed using the Excel 2007 software and analyzed by the IBM SPSS statistical software (Statistical Analysis System, version 22). The Alpha diversity index analysis showed that the Chao and the Ace indices were significantly different after feeding supplemented with lactic acid bacteria. The PCA analysis showed that the fecal flora structure differed significantly after supplementation with the lactic acid bacteria preparation. Further analysis showed that the lactic acid bacteria increased Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in the feces. Therefore, we speculate that lactic acid bacteria preparations play an important role in animal production and are beneficial to the diversity of the fecal microflora of the calves.

Use of multi-strain probiotics in linseed meal based diet for Labeo rohita fingerlings / Uso de probióticos multi-cepas na dieta à base de farinha de linhaça para alevinos de Labeo rohita

Unavailability of probiotics in fish digestive system fingerlings is unable to digest and absorb their food properly. The current research was conducted to investigate the influence of probiotics added Linseed meal based (LMB) diet on hematology and carcass composition of Labeo rohita juveniles. Hematological parameters are essential diagnostics used to estimate the health status of fish. The usage of probiotics for fish health improvement is becoming common due to the higher demand for environment-friendly culture system in water. Linseed meal was used as a test ingredient to prepare six experimental test diets by adding probiotics (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/kg) and 1% indigestible chromic oxide for seventy days. According to their live wet weight, five percent feed was given to fingerlings twice a day. Fish blood and carcass samples (Whole body) were taken for hematological and carcass analysis at the end of the experiment. The highest carcass composition (crude protein; 18.72%, crude fat; 8.80% and gross energy; 2.31 kcal/g) was observed in fish fed with test diet II supplemented with probiotics (2 g/kg). Moreover, maximum RBCs number (2.62× 106mm-3), WBCs (7.84×103mm-3), PCV (24.61), platelets (63.85) and hemoglobin (7.87) had also been reported in the fish fingerlings fed on 2 g/kg of probiotics supplemented diet. Results indicated that probiotics supplementation has a critical role in improvement of fingerlings' body composition and hematological indices. Present findings showed that probiotics supplementation at 2 g/kg level in linseed by-product-based diet was very useful for enhancing the overall performance of L. rohita fingerlings.

A indisponibilidade de probióticos em alevinos do sistema digestivo de peixes faz com que ele seja incapaz de digerir e absorver seus alimentos adequadamente. A presente pesquisa foi conduzida para investigar a influência de probióticos adicionados à dieta à base de farelo de linhaça (LMB) na hematologia e na composição da carcaça de juvenis de Labeo rohita. Os parâmetros hematológicos são diagnósticos essenciais usados para estimar o estado de saúde dos peixes. O uso de probióticos para a melhoria da saúde dos peixes está se tornando comum devido à maior demanda por sistemas de cultivo em água que não agridam o meio ambiente. Farinha de linhaça foi usada como ingrediente para preparar seis dietas de teste experimentais adicionando probióticos (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 g/kg) e 1% de óxido crômico indigestível por 70 dias. De acordo com seu peso úmido vivo, 5% de alimento eram dados aos alevinos duas vezes ao dia. Amostras de sangue e carcaça de peixes (corpo inteiro) foram coletadas para análise hematológica e de carcaça no final do experimento. A maior composição da carcaça (proteína bruta, 18,72%; gordura bruta, 8,80%; e energia bruta, 2,31 kcal/g) foi observada em peixes alimentados com a dieta teste II suplementada com probióticos (2 g/kg). Além disso, os números máximos de RBCs (2,62×106 mm-3), WBCs (7,84×103 mm-3), PCV (24,61), plaquetas (63,85) e hemoglobina (7,87) também foram relatados em alevinos alimentados com 2 g/kg de dieta suplementada com probióticos. Os resultados indicaram que a suplementação de probióticos tem um papel crítico na melhoria da composição corporal dos alevinos e índices hematológicos. As descobertas atuais mostraram que a suplementação de probióticos no nível de 2 g/kg em dieta à base de subproduto de linhaça foi muito útil para melhorar o desempenho geral de alevinos de L. rohita.

Probiotics supplementation reduces cigarette smoke-induced damage in the respiratory micro-architecture of mice / Suplementação com probióticos reduz os danos causados pela fumaça de cigarro na microarquitetura respiratória de camundongos

This study evaluated the protective efficacy of probiotics supplementation against cigarette smoke-induced lung emphysema, inflammation, and loss of cilia in mice. Probiotics are known to promote mucosal tolerance and mitigate respiratory injuries. Twenty-four adult mice were randomly divided into three groups: control (Ctr), cigarette smoke (CS), and cigarette smoke + probiotics (CS+P). Probiotics were given for 7 days before exposure to smoke in the CS+P group. Tissue samples of the trachea (goblet cell count and index, loss of cilia), lungs (airspace distention), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected and processed. The results showed a significant increase in acidic and neutral goblet cells in the CS group compared to the Ctr and CS+P groups (P < 0.05). Overall, goblet cell number and index were lower in the CS+P group (41.71 ± 5.76, 0.67 ± 0.073) than CS group (56.28 ± 5.34, 1.31 ± 0.28). Inflammatory cells and loss of cilia significantly decreased in mice fed probiotics before exposure to cigarette smoke (P < 0.05). Lung emphysema was also significantly reduced in the CS+P group compared to the CS group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of probiotics reduced lung emphysema, inflammatory cells, goblet cell index, and loss of cilia under conditions of cigarette smoke exposure in mice.(AU)

O presente trabalho avaliou a eficácia da suplementação com probióticos contra a indução de enfisema, inflamação e perda de cílios por fumaça de cigarro em camundongos. Sabe-se que os probióticos promovem a tolerância da mucosa e mitigam as injúrias respiratórias. Vinte e quatro camundongos foram divididos, ao acaso, em três grupos: controle (CTR), fumaça de cigarro (CS) e fumaça de cigarro + probióticos (CS+P). Os probióticos foram fornecidos por sete dias antes da exposição à fumaça no grupo CS+P. Foram colhidas e processadas amostras de tecidos da traqueia (contagem de células caliciformes e index, perda de cílios), pulmões (distensão do espaço aéreo) e fluido de lavagem broncoalveolar. Os resultados obtidos revelaram um aumento significativo em células caliciformes acidificadas e neutralizadas no grupo CS quando comparado aos grupos Ctr e CS+P (P<0,05). Os números global e o índice de células caliciformes foram menores no grupo CS+P (41,71+ 5,76; 0,67+ 0,073) que no grupo CS (56,28+ 5,34 e 1,131+ 0,28). As células inflamatórias e a perda de cílios decresceram em camundongos alimentados com probióticos antes da exposição à fumaça de cigarro (P<0,05). O enfisema pulmonar também foi significativamente reduzido no grupo CS+P quando comparado ao grupo CS (P<0,05). A conclusão obtida foi que o fornecimento de dieta suplementada com probióticos reduziu o enfisema pulmonar, as células inflamatórias, o índice de células caliciformes e a perda de cílios nos camundongos expostos à fumaça de cigarro.(AU)

Genome-sequence, annotation and phylogenetic insights of the lactic acid bacterium Limosilactobacillus fermentum strain LAB1 obtained from the dairy beverage borhani

Limosilactobacillus fermentum is a promising probiotic with several documented health benefits. LAB1 is an antagonistic L. fermentum strain isolated from borhani, a traditional South Asian beverage prepared from dairy and plant ingredients. Here, I present the genome sequence of the L. fermentum LAB1 strain, its annotation, and phylogenetic features. The 2.01 Mb genome with a G+C content of 51.9% was assembled into 221 contigs and predicted to have 1,913 protein-coding genes, 98 pseudo genes, 7 rRNAs, 60 tRNAs, and 1 CRISPR array. As much as 91.1% of the coding sequences could be assigned to known functional genes. Determination of average nucleotide identity (ANI) of the genome sequence revealed 99.37% identity to that of the type strain ATCC 14931. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence extracted from the genome sequence showed close phylogenetic association with several L. fermentum strains. The genome sequence is expected to provide useful insights with regard to the phenotypic, metabolic and beneficial aspects of this lactic acid bacterium.(AU)

Use of multi-strain probiotics in linseed meal based diet for Labeo rohita fingerlings / Uso de probióticos multi-cepas na dieta à base de farinha de linhaça para alevinos de Labeo rohita

Unavailability of probiotics in fish digestive system fingerlings is unable to digest and absorb their food properly. The current research was conducted to investigate the influence of probiotics added Linseed meal based (LMB) diet on hematology and carcass composition of Labeo rohita juveniles. Hematological parameters are essential diagnostics used to estimate the health status of fish. The usage of probiotics for fish health improvement is becoming common due to the higher demand for environment-friendly culture system in water. Linseed meal was used as a test ingredient to prepare six experimental test diets by adding probiotics (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/kg) and 1% indigestible chromic oxide for seventy days. According to their live wet weight, five percent feed was given to fingerlings twice a day. Fish blood and carcass samples (Whole body) were taken for hematological and carcass analysis at the end of the experiment. The highest carcass composition (crude protein; 18.72%, crude fat; 8.80% and gross energy; 2.31 kcal/g) was observed in fish fed with test diet II supplemented with probiotics (2 g/kg). Moreover, maximum RBCs number (2.62× 106mm-3), WBCs (7.84×103mm-3), PCV (24.61), platelets (63.85) and hemoglobin (7.87) had also been reported in the fish fingerlings fed on 2 g/kg of probiotics supplemented diet. Results indicated that probiotics supplementation has a critical role in improvement of fingerlings' body composition and hematological indices. Present findings showed that probiotics supplementation at 2 g/kg level in linseed by-product-based diet was very useful for enhancing the overall performance of L. rohita fingerlings.(AU)

A indisponibilidade de probióticos em alevinos do sistema digestivo de peixes faz com que ele seja incapaz de digerir e absorver seus alimentos adequadamente. A presente pesquisa foi conduzida para investigar a influência de probióticos adicionados à dieta à base de farelo de linhaça (LMB) na hematologia e na composição da carcaça de juvenis de Labeo rohita. Os parâmetros hematológicos são diagnósticos essenciais usados para estimar o estado de saúde dos peixes. O uso de probióticos para a melhoria da saúde dos peixes está se tornando comum devido à maior demanda por sistemas de cultivo em água que não agridam o meio ambiente. Farinha de linhaça foi usada como ingrediente para preparar seis dietas de teste experimentais adicionando probióticos (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 g/kg) e 1% de óxido crômico indigestível por 70 dias. De acordo com seu peso úmido vivo, 5% de alimento eram dados aos alevinos duas vezes ao dia. Amostras de sangue e carcaça de peixes (corpo inteiro) foram coletadas para análise hematológica e de carcaça no final do experimento. A maior composição da carcaça (proteína bruta, 18,72%; gordura bruta, 8,80%; e energia bruta, 2,31 kcal/g) foi observada em peixes alimentados com a dieta teste II suplementada com probióticos (2 g/kg). Além disso, os números máximos de RBCs (2,62×106 mm-3), WBCs (7,84×103 mm-3), PCV (24,61), plaquetas (63,85) e hemoglobina (7,87) também foram relatados em alevinos alimentados com 2 g/kg de dieta suplementada com probióticos. Os resultados indicaram que a suplementação de probióticos tem um papel crítico na melhoria da composição corporal dos alevinos e índices hematológicos. As descobertas atuais mostraram que a suplementação de probióticos no nível de 2 g/kg em dieta à base de subproduto de linhaça foi muito útil para melhorar o desempenho geral de alevinos de L. rohita.(AU)

Comparative Study on the Predominance of Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia Coli in Healthy vs Colibacillosis Diseased Broilers

This study aims to identify relative proportions of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in the gut of broilers and risk factors that may be contributing to the development of colibacillosis disease in broiler farms of District Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. For this, 10 healthy and 10 colibacillosis affected broiler farms were surveyed for ileum and blood sample collection along with data regarding farm management, antibiotic use and hygiene practices. Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli number was estimated using Miles and Misra method and colibacillosis was confirmed by Congo red dye assay. Lactobacillus and E. coli were identified biochemically. For risk factors analysis chi-square analysis was performed to find any significant association between the health status of the farm and risk factors. Results showed during disease and healthy conditions Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli counts differ significantly (p<0.05). E. coli counts (106-108 to 107-109) increased (p<0.05) about three folds and Lactobacillus counts decrease (106-108 to 105-107) about four folds in disease conditions. Risk factor analysis showed colibacillosis disease was significantly associated (p<0.05) with non-vaccinated flocks, natural ventilation systems, rodent presence and the lack of outfit disinfection or change by workers when moving between different houses. It is concluded that E. coli and Lactobacillus work antagonistically to each other. However, further research is necessary to determine the exact mechanisms by which E. coli and Lactobacillus influence the development of colibacillosis. While Lactobacillus as probiotic may help with prevention, good hygiene and management practices are still crucial in preventing the spread of disease.(AU)

Cultivo associado de Leuconostoc mesenteroides lb10. 4 e Lactococcus lactis l4a8: propriedades antimicrobianas e potencial aplicação / Associated culture of Leuconostoc mesenteroides lb10. 4 and Lactococcus lactis l4a8: antimicrobial properties and potential application / Cultivo asociado de Leuconostoc mesenteroides lb10. 4 y Lactococcus lactis l4a8: propiedades antimicrobianas y aplicación potencial

O interesse por produtos lácteos funcionais tem motivado o estudo e a prospecção de novas bactérias lácticas. Neste contexto o objetivo deste trabalho foi explorar a potencial associação de Leuconostoc mesenteroides LB10.4 e Lactococcus lactis L4A8 isolados de leite de búfala e identificar aplicações em matriz alimentar. Foram realizados testes de atividade antimicrobiana, influência das bacteriocinas e avaliação da eficiência das bactérias ácido lácticas (BAL) individualmente e associadas frente a espécie de Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 aplicadas em caldo Tryptic Soy Broth e em matriz láctea. Na avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana, Leuconostoc mesenteroides LB 10.4 e Lactococcus lactis L4A8 foram capazes de inibir Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 com halos de inibição variando de 8 a 16 mm e 6 a 18 mm, respectivamente, pelos dois métodos testados. Na avaliação do efeito das bacteriocinas, os resultados demonstraram melhor controle inibitório dos patógenos pela nisina nas concentrações de 1% e 2%, com halos de inibição entre 14 a 24 mm. A avaliação da eficiência das BAL individualmente e associadas frente a espécie de Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, demonstrou que os isolados em associação são capazes de inibir com mais efetividade a bactéria patogênica, sendo observada uma redução na contagem de L. monocytogenes de 2,67x107 UFC/g para 1,35x104 UFC/g após 240 horas, em matriz alimentar. As bactérias lácticas Leuconostoc mesenteroides LB10.4 e Lactococcus lactis L4A8 apresentaram características promissoras quanto ao seu potencial inibitório, não sendo inibidas pela pediocina. Destaca-se com esses resultados, a importância de estudar o leite de búfala como fonte de novos candidatos de bactérias lácticas autóctones para aplicação em alimentos.(AU)

The interest in functional dairy products has motivated the study and prospection of new lactic bacteria. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore the potential association of Leuconostoc mesenteroides LB10.4 and Lactococcus lactis L4A8 isolated from buffalo milk and to identify applications in food matrix. Tests of antimicrobial activity, influence of bacteriocins and evaluation of the efficiency of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) individually and associated against the species of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 applied in Tryptic Soy Broth and in milk matrix were performed. In the evaluation of antimicrobial activity, Leuconostoc mesenteroides LB 10.4 and Lactococcus lactis L4A8 were able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 with inhibition halos ranging from 8 to 16 mm and 6 to 18 mm, respectively, by the two methods tested. In evaluating the effect of bacteriocins, the results showed better inhibitory control of pathogens by nisin at concentrations of 1% and 2%, with inhibition halos between 14 and 24 mm. The evaluation of the efficiency of LAB individually and associated against the species of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, showed that the isolates in association are able to more effectively inhibit the pathogenic bacteria, with a reduction in the L. monocytogenes count of 2.67x107 CFU /g to 1.35x104 CFU/g after 240 hours, in food matrix. The lactic acid bacteria Leuconostoc mesenteroides LB10.4 and Lactococcus lactis L4A8 showed promising characteristics regarding their inhibitory potential, not being inhibited by pediocin. With these results, attract attention the importance of studying buffalo milk as a source of new candid ates of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria for application in food.(AU)

El interés por los productos lácteos funcionales ha motivado el estudio y prospección de nuevas bacterias ácido lácticas. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue explorar la asociación potencial de Leuconostoc mesenteroides LB10.4 y Lactococcus lactis L4A8 aislados de leche de búfala e identificar aplicaciones en matriz alimentaria. Se realizaron pruebas de actividad antimicrobiana, influencia de bacteriocinas y evaluación de la eficiencia de bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) individualmente y asociadas frente a las especies de Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 aplicadas en caldo Tryptic Soy Broth y en matriz de leche. En la evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana, Leuconostoc mesenteroides LB10.4 y Lactococcus lactis L4A8 fueron capaces de inhibir Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 y Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 con halos de inhibición de 8 a 16 mm y de 6 a 18 mm, respectivamente, por los dos métodos probados. Al evaluar el efecto de las bacteriocinas, los resultados mostraron un mejor control inhibitorio de patógenos por parte de la nisina a concentraciones de 1% y 2%, con halos de inhibición entre 14 y 24 mm. La evaluación de la eficiencia de las BAL de forma individual y asociada frente a la especie de Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, mostró que los aislados en asociación son capaces de inhibir más eficazmente las bacterias patógenas, con una reducción del recuento de L. monocytogenes de 2,67x107 UFC/g a 1,35x104 UFC/g después de 240 horas, en matriz alimentaria. Las bacterias del ácido láctico Leuconostoc mesenteroides LB10.4 y Lactococcus lactis L4A8 mostraron características promisorias en cuanto a su potencial inhibidor, no siendo inhibidas por la pediocina. Con estos resultados, se destaca la importancia de estudiar la leche de búfala como fuente de nuevos candidatos de bacterias ácido lácticas autóctonas para su aplicación en alimentos.(AU)

Inhibitory effect of different probiotic formulations on salmonella heidelberg, avian pathogenic escherichia coli and campylobacter jejuni / Inhibitory effect of different probiotic formulations on salmonella heidelberg, avian pathogenic escherichia coli and campylobacter jejuni

A wide variety of microorganism species have been used as probiotics to improve the intestinal microbial balance, control and prevent the colonization of pathogenic bacteria and promote growth in animal production. Based on the various beneficial factors of probiotic agents, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three different formulations of probiotics strains through the analysis of antagonistic capacity against common pathogens from chickens gastrointestinal tract. Three formulations composed by Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium and Pediococcus were tested in vitro by the method of probiotic culture spot in plates seeded with inocula of Escherichia coli, Salmonella heidelberg and Campylobacter jejuni. The inhibition halos were measured and classified according to the degree of pathogenic bacteria inhibition. The formulation containing an association among Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces presented better results when compared to the other formulations.

Uma enorme variedade de espécies de microrganismos tem sido usada como probiótico visando melhorar o equilíbrio microbiano intestinal, controlar e prevenir a colonização de bactérias patogênicas e promover o crescimento na produção animal. Baseado nos diversos fatores benéficos dos agentes de ação probiótica no organismo, objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia das linhagens de três formulações diferentes de probióticos pela análise de capacidade inibitória contra patógenos comuns do trato gastrointestinal de frangos. Três formulações compostas por microrganismos dos gêneros Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium e Pediococcus foram testadas in vitro pelo método de spot de cultura probiótica em placas para inibição de Escherichia coli, Salmonella Heidelberg e Campylobacter jejuni. Os halos de inibição foram medidos e classificados de acordo com o grau de inibição das bactérias patogenicas. A formulação contendo a associação entre Bacillus, Lactobacillus e Saccharomyces apresentou melhores resultados quando comparado as demais formulações.

In vitro bacterial probiotic selection from Nannostomus beckfordi, an Amazon ornamental fish / [Seleção in vitro de bactérias probióticas do peixe ornamental Amazônico Nannostomus beckfordi]

This study aimed to isolate and select in vitro bacteria with probiotic potential for the Amazon ornamental fish Nannostomus beckfordi. For isolate, twelve fish underwent surgery procedure to remove their intestinal tract, macerate and then inoculate in the plate petri containing de Man Rugosa Sharped Agar (MRS). After bacterial growth (48 hours at 35ºC), selected strains were inoculated in MRS broth and submitted to resistance test with NaCl (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0%), pH (4, 5, 6, 8 and 9) and bile salts (5% w/v). Inhibition test against pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas Jandaei was also performed. Within the isolated strains group (23 strains), only six (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6) showed probiotic potential. Strains S1 and S6 showed the greater resistance for NaCl (0.5% and 1%) and pH (5 and 6), but only S1 obtained better results to resist the bile salts. Even against pathogenic bacteria, the S1 showed the best results with inhibition halos greater than 9 mm. In the end, this bacterial strain (S1) was identified as Enterococcus faecium 11037CHB. Thus, this is the first report regarding isolated autochthonous bacterium E. faecium with probiotic potential of N. beckfordi.

O objetivo deste estudo foi isolar e selecionar in vitro bactérias com potencial probiótico do peixe ornamental Amazônico Nannostomus beckfordi. Para o isolamento, retirou-se o intestino de 12 espécimes, que foram macerados, homogeneizados e semeados em placa de petri contento Ágar Man Rogosa e Sharpe (MRS). Posteriormente ao crescimento bacteriano (48 horas a 35ºC), as cepas selecionadas foram mantidas em caldo MRS e submetidas a testes de resistência a NaCl (0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0 e 2,5 e 3,0%), pH (4, 5, 6, 8 e 9) e sais biliares (5% p/v). O antagonismo foi realizado frente as bactérias patogênicas Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Streptococcus agalactiae e Aeromonas jandaei. Das cepas isoladas (23 cepas), apenas seis (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 e C6) apresentaram potencial probiótico. As cepas C1 e C6 tiveram maior resistência (p<0,05) para o NaCl (0,5 e 1%) e pH (5 a 6), na presença de sais biliares somente a C1 teve a melhor resistência de crescimento. Para o antagonismo frente as bactérias patogênicas, a C1 apresentou halo de inibição maior que 9 mm. Sendo esta cepa bactéria (C1) identificada como Enterococcus faecium 11037 CHB. Portanto, este é o primeiro relato do isolamento da bactéria autóctone E. faecium em N. beckfordi com potencial probiótico.

In vitro selection of autochthonous bacterium with probiotic potential for the neotropical fish piauçu Megaleporinus microcephalus / [Seleção in vitro de bactéria autóctone com potencial probiótico para o peixe neotropical piauçu Megaleporinus macrocephalus]

The study aimed to isolate, identify, and apply in vitro tests on bacteria with autochthonous probiotic potential isolated from fifteen healthy specimens of Megaleporinus macrocephalus. The strains were selected from the intestinal tract of fish and inoculated in the Petri plate containing Sharp Man Rogosa Agar (MRS) for (48 hours at 35ºC). They were isolated based on a test of catalase, Gram stain, tolerance to different gradients NaCl (1, 2 and 3%), pH (4, 5, 6, 8 and 9) values and bile salts (2.5 and 5%), in addition to the inhibition zone against pathogens. Of the 42 strains isolated, ST1 and ST9 had higher values (p<0.05) for total viable cells (31.80±0.07 and 32.51±0.05 CFU/mL × 108) respectively. In the resistance tests, strains ST1 and ST9 presented the best results, with emphasis on ST9 in the gradients of pH, high values of bile salts and larger inhibition zones against Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas jandaei. The strains with the best results in the tests, ST1 and ST9, were identified by the MALDI-TOF-MS method as Enterococcus faecium. Thus, the isolated E. faecium bacteria, may be recommended as for probiotic use in farming the M. macrocephalus.

O presente estudo visou isolar, identificar e aplicar testes in vitro em bactérias com potencial probiótico, autóctones, isoladas de 15 espécimes saudáveis de Megaleporinus macrocephalus. As cepas foram selecionadas do trato intestinal dos peixes e inoculadas em placas de Petri contendo Man Rogosa Sharped Agar (MRS), por 48 horas, a 35ºC. Foram isoladas com base em teste de catalase, coloração de Gram, tolerância a diferentes gradientes de NaCl (1, 2 e 3%), valores de pH (4, 5, 6, 8 e 9) e sais biliares (2,5 e 5%), além do halo de inibição contra patógenos. Das 42 cepas isoladas, ST1 e ST9 apresentaram maiores valores (P<0,05) para células viáveis totais (31,80±0,07 e 32,51±0,05 UFC/mL × 108), respectivamente. Nos testes de resistência, as cepas ST1 e ST9 apresentaram os melhores resultados, com destaque para ST9 nos gradientes de pH, altos valores de sais biliares e maiores halos de inibição contra Aeromonas hydrophila e Aeromonas jandaei. As cepas com melhores resultados nos testes, ST1 e ST9, foram identificadas pelo método de MALDI-TOF-MS como Enterococcus faecium. Assim, a bactéria isolada Enterococcus faecium, pode ser recomendada para uso probiótico na criação do M. macrocephalus.