Adenocarcinoma traqueal em um gato / Tracheal adenocarcinoma in a cat

Background: Primary tracheal adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm in cats. The clinical signs often are indicative of upper airway obstruction accompanied with dyspnea, stridor, wheezing, exercise intolerance, and cough. The severity of the clinical signs is related to the size of the mass and consequently, the proportion of the tracheal lumen that is obstructed. The diagnosis is made using thoracic radiography and tracheobronchoscopy by collecting fragments for histopathological analysis and removing the mass. The present study aimed to report the case of a cat with tracheal adenocarcinoma. Case: A 17-year-old Persian female cat presented with clinical signs of dyspnea and progressive weight loss. Emergency therapy was started with bronchodilators, antibiotics, and corticosteroids, but there was no response to treatment. Complementary blood and imaging tests were performed. Thoracic radiography revealed soft tissue opacity overlying the dorsal trachea from the third to the fourth rib, bronchial pattern, and pulmonary hyperinflation. Tracheoscopy showed an irregular intraluminal thoracic trachea mass, occluded by approximately 95% of the airway lumen. The mass was biopsied multiple times with endoscopic cup biopsy forceps, followed by removal of approximately 50% of the mass lesion with an endoscopic wire snare. The patient was in intensive care, and since her clinical condition worsened 48 h after the endoscopic procedure, euthanasia was performed. Necropsy revealed a remanescent mass located in the trachea lumen 8 x 3 mm and a nodule in the right caudal pulmonary lobe with 8 mm of diameter . Histological examination showed epitelian cuboidal neoplastic cells with acinar patterns. Only a few mitosis and moderate anysocitosis were observed. The final diagnosis was primary tracheal adenocarcinoma with pulmonary metastasis...

Adenocarcinoma traqueal em um gato / Tracheal adenocarcinoma in a cat

Background: Primary tracheal adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm in cats. The clinical signs often are indicative of upper airway obstruction accompanied with dyspnea, stridor, wheezing, exercise intolerance, and cough. The severity of the clinical signs is related to the size of the mass and consequently, the proportion of the tracheal lumen that is obstructed. The diagnosis is made using thoracic radiography and tracheobronchoscopy by collecting fragments for histopathological analysis and removing the mass. The present study aimed to report the case of a cat with tracheal adenocarcinoma. Case: A 17-year-old Persian female cat presented with clinical signs of dyspnea and progressive weight loss. Emergency therapy was started with bronchodilators, antibiotics, and corticosteroids, but there was no response to treatment. Complementary blood and imaging tests were performed. Thoracic radiography revealed soft tissue opacity overlying the dorsal trachea from the third to the fourth rib, bronchial pattern, and pulmonary hyperinflation. Tracheoscopy showed an irregular intraluminal thoracic trachea mass, occluded by approximately 95% of the airway lumen. The mass was biopsied multiple times with endoscopic cup biopsy forceps, followed by removal of approximately 50% of the mass lesion with an endoscopic wire snare. The patient was in intensive care, and since her clinical condition worsened 48 h after the endoscopic procedure, euthanasia was performed. Necropsy revealed a remanescent mass located in the trachea lumen 8 x 3 mm and a nodule in the right caudal pulmonary lobe with 8 mm of diameter . Histological examination showed epitelian cuboidal neoplastic cells with acinar patterns. Only a few mitosis and moderate anysocitosis were observed. The final diagnosis was primary tracheal adenocarcinoma with pulmonary metastasis...(AU)

Pneumotórax fechado em tamanduá mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) / Closed pneumothorax in an injured southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla)

Background: Pneumothorax is characterized by the accumulation of air in the pleural space, either due to trauma or secondary to other conditions. Typically, pneumothorax is correlated with blunt trauma of the pulmonary parenchyma or penetrating trauma of the thoracic cavity, such as on being trampled upon or bitten, respectively. The therapeutic approach of this condition is rarely described in wild animals; therefore, the present study aims to describe the clinical manifestations, diagnostic method, and therapeutic aproach in a specimen of Tamandua tetradactyla with closed pneumothorax received for emergency care after being hit by a vehicle.Case: A southern tamandua (T. tetradactyla) was received in our hospital after being hit by a vehicle. The patient presented with a state of stupor, nystagmus, a restrictive respiratory pattern, and muffling on auscultation of respiratory and cardiac sounds in the left antimer. Simultaneously with the physical examination, venous access was established, pain control was intravenously performed and oxygen therapy was started. After stabilization, the patient underwent abdominal ultrasound (abdominal-focused assessment with sonography for trauma) and thoracic radiographs. The abdominal ultrasound confirmed the presence of a small amount of free fluid in the evaluated recesses, i.e., hepatodiaphragmatic, splenorenal, cystocholic, and hepatorenal, suggesting the need for periodic ultrasonographic monitoring associated with the clinical evaluation of the patient because of suspicion of active hemorrhage. The thoracic radiographic image (ventrodorsal recumbency) revealed increased pulmonary opacity due to lobar retraction, marked by an enlarged gap between the pulmonary lobes and thoracic wall, and the formation of a radiolucent area between both structures. The lateral recumbency evidenced the dorsal displacement of the cardiac apex in relation to the sternum.[...]

Pneumotórax fechado em tamanduá mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) / Closed pneumothorax in an injured southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla)

Background: Pneumothorax is characterized by the accumulation of air in the pleural space, either due to trauma or secondary to other conditions. Typically, pneumothorax is correlated with blunt trauma of the pulmonary parenchyma or penetrating trauma of the thoracic cavity, such as on being trampled upon or bitten, respectively. The therapeutic approach of this condition is rarely described in wild animals; therefore, the present study aims to describe the clinical manifestations, diagnostic method, and therapeutic aproach in a specimen of Tamandua tetradactyla with closed pneumothorax received for emergency care after being hit by a vehicle.Case: A southern tamandua (T. tetradactyla) was received in our hospital after being hit by a vehicle. The patient presented with a state of stupor, nystagmus, a restrictive respiratory pattern, and muffling on auscultation of respiratory and cardiac sounds in the left antimer. Simultaneously with the physical examination, venous access was established, pain control was intravenously performed and oxygen therapy was started. After stabilization, the patient underwent abdominal ultrasound (abdominal-focused assessment with sonography for trauma) and thoracic radiographs. The abdominal ultrasound confirmed the presence of a small amount of free fluid in the evaluated recesses, i.e., hepatodiaphragmatic, splenorenal, cystocholic, and hepatorenal, suggesting the need for periodic ultrasonographic monitoring associated with the clinical evaluation of the patient because of suspicion of active hemorrhage. The thoracic radiographic image (ventrodorsal recumbency) revealed increased pulmonary opacity due to lobar retraction, marked by an enlarged gap between the pulmonary lobes and thoracic wall, and the formation of a radiolucent area between both structures. The lateral recumbency evidenced the dorsal displacement of the cardiac apex in relation to the sternum.[...](AU)

Pneumonia bacteriana em jabuti-piranga (Chelonoidis carbonaria): aspectos clínicos, microbiológicos, radiológicos e terapêutica / Bacterial pneumonia in red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria): clinical aspects, microbiological, radiological and therapeutic

A pneumonia é uma doença respiratória comum na clínica de répteis. Agentes infecciosos são capazes de causar pneumonia primária em répteis mantidos em cativeiro, porém na maioria dos casos, são secundárias a problemas de manejo, higiene e nutricionais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de pneumonia bacteriana em jabuti-piranga (Chelonoidis carbonaria), e descrever o diagnóstico clínico, microbiológico, radiográfico e a conduta terapêutica. O animal apresentava sinais de distúrbios respiratórios e foi descrito durante a anamnese que houve um diagnostico anterior de pneumonia. Os achados radiográficos foram sugestivos de pneumonia/edema pulmonar. Baseado nos exames radiográficos e sinais clínicos apresentados iniciou-se o tratamento com administração de Cloranfenicol (40mg/kg/SID/IM) por 10 dias. Foram isoladas Klebsiella spp. e Citrobacter spp. da cultura bacteriana realizada da coleta de lavado endotraqueal. Ambas com perfil de resistência múltipla aos antibióticos testados. Instituiu-se protocolo terapêutico utilizando Gentamicina (5mg/kg/IM), em sete aplicações com intervalos de 72h. Após o segundo protocolo terapêutico notou-se melhora dos sinais clínicos do animal, porém foi observada a persistência de secreção nasal. Foi realizado novo exame radiográfico, demonstrando discreta diminuição na opacidade do campo pulmonar direito e nenhuma alteração significativa no campo pulmonar esquerdo na projeção craniocaudal. Devido à permanência do sinal clínico apresentado, nova coleta de material endotraqueal foi realizada, e houve isolamento de Citrobacter spp. e Enterobacter spp. A partir dos resultados obtidos no antibiograma, instituiu-se novo protocolo com uso de amicacina (2,5mg/kg/IM), em sete aplicações com intervalos de 72h. Após antibioticoterapia, outro exame radiológico foi realizado, e demonstrou redução satisfatória do quadro pulmonar, e sinais clínicos.(AU)

Pneumonia is a common respiratory disease in clinical of reptiles. Infectious agents are capable of causing primary pneumonia in reptiles maintained in captivity, but in most cases are secondary to problems of management, hygiene and nutrition. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of bacterial pneumonia in red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria), and describe the clinical, microbiologic, radiographic and therapeutic management. The animal showed signs of respiratory disorders and has been described in the clinical history before diagnosis of pneumonia. The radiographic findings were suggestive of pneumonia/pulmonary edema. Based on the displayed radiographic examination and clinical signs began treatment with administration of chloramphenicol (40mg/kg/SID/IM) for ten days. Were isolated Klebsiella spp. and Citrobacter spp. bacterial culture done collecting endotracheal lavage. Both with multiple antibiotic resistance profile tested. Treatment protocol was instituted using gentamicin (5mg/kg/IM) applications into seven intervals of 72h. There was improvement in clinical signs of the animal, but the presence of nasal secretion was still observed. New radiographic examination, demonstrating slight decrease in the opacity of the right lung field and no significant change in the left lung field in craniocaudal projection was performed. Because of the persistence of clinical signs presented new collection endotracheal material was performed, and there was isolation of Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter spp. From the results obtained in the antibiogram, was instituted new protocol with the use of amikacin (2.5mg/kg/IM) applications into seven intervals of 72h. After antibiotic therapy, other radiological examination was performed, and showed satisfactory reduction in pulmonary function and clinical signs.(AU)

Enfermidades em peixes-bois (Sirenia: Trichechidae) oriundos de encalhes na Amazônia Oriental

No Brasil são encontradas duas espécies de peixes-bois, uma ocorre na zona costeira das regiões Norte e Nordeste, denominada de peixe-boi-marinho (Trichechus manatus) e outra nos rios e estuários da Amazônia conhecido como peixe-boi-da-Amazônia (Trichechus inunguis). Essas espécies são consideradas criticamente ameaçadas por ações antropogênicas em todas as regiões onde elas ocorrem. O conhecimento sobre doenças que acometem peixes-bois vem crescendo e é constante. Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar enfermidades que levaram a óbito dois peixes-bois do gênero Trichechus oriundos de encalhes na Amazônia Oriental. Nos anos de 2014 e 2015, um exemplar de Trichechus spp. e um de Trichechus inunguis, peixes-boisr espectivamente, vieram a óbito. Fragmentos de diversos órgãos foram coletados em formalina a 10% e processados rotineiramente para histopatologia. As amostras foram incluídas em parafina, cortadas a 5 m de espessura e corados por hematoxilina e eosina (HE). Nos achados para Trichechus spp. foi observado opacidade das córneas, além de lesões irregulares nas regiões torácica e ventral sugerindo dermatite micótica. Microscopicamente, foi observada degeneração mixomatosa nas válvulas cardíacas, revelando endocardiose e congestão pulmonar. Nos achados de necropsia da espécie T. inunguis foi observado que no ceco e terço inicial do cólon a mucosa apresentava conteúdo líquido amarelo claro e erosões parcialmente recobertas por uma camada de material amarelado e elástico (pseudomembranas de fibrina). O exame histopatológico evidenciou intensa colonização bacteriana no estrato córneo, caracterizada pela presença de cocos e bacilos basofílicos entre as lâminas de queratina e sobre a mesma. Havia ainda áreas de necrose com desnudamento das criptas margeada por infiltrado inflamatório misto, contendo eosinófilos. Foi estabelecido diagnostico de Tiflocolite necrotizante multifocal moderada associada com intensa colonização bacteriana na mucosa. A bactéria Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (rugosa) foi isolada do conteúdo do ceco. O relato de casos de enfermidades em peixes-bois é de suma importância para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a biologia desses animais. Além disso, auxilia na elaboração de novas estratégias de conservação na natureza e em centros de reabilitação. Portanto, mais pesquisas nesse contexto devem ser realizadas no Brasil e em particular na região amazônica, onde as duas espécies do genêro Trichechus ocorrem em simpatria.

In Brazil, two species of manatees are found, one in the coastal zone of the North and Northeast, called the manatee (Trichechus manatus) and the other in the Amazonian rivers and estuaries known as the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis). These species are considered critically endangered by anthropogenic actions in all regions where they occur. Knowledge about diseases that plague manatees has been growing steadily. This study aims to report diseases that led to the death of two manatees of the Trichechus genus from strandings in the Eastern Amazon. In the years 2014 and 2015, a copy of Trichechus spp. And one of Trichechus inunguis, fish steers specifically, came to death. Fragments of several organs were collected in 10% formalin and routinely processed for histopathology. Samples were embedded in paraffin, cut 5 m thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). In the finds for Trichechus spp. Corneal opacity was observed, as well as irregular lesions in the thoracic and ventral regions suggesting fungal dermatitis. Microscopically, myxomatous degeneration was observed in the cardiac valves, revealing endocardiosis and pulmonary congestion. In the necropsy findings of the T. inunguis species, it was observed that in the cecum and early colon the mucosa presented light yellow liquid content and erosions partially covered by a layer of yellowish and elastic material (pseudomembranes of fibrin). The histopathological examination evidenced intense bacterial colonization in the stratum corneum, characterized by the presence of basophilic cocci and bacilli between the keratin laminae and on the same. There were also areas of necrosis with nudity of the crypts bordered by mixed inflammatory infiltrate containing eosinophils. A diagnosis of moderate multifocal necrotizing typhlocolitis associated with intense bacterial colonization of the mucosa was established. The bacterium Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica (rugosa) was isolated from the contents of the cecum. The report of cases of diseases in manatees is of paramount importance to increase the knowledge about the biology of these animals. In addition, it assists in the development of new conservation strategies in nature and in rehabilitation centers. Therefore, more research in this context should be carried out in Brazil and in particular in the Amazon region, where the two species of the Trichechus genus occur in sympatry.

Mycoplasma gallipsepticum e M. synoviae em papagaio verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva) com doença respiratória – relato de caso / Mycoplasma gallipsepticum and M. synoviae in a Blue-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) with respiratory disease – case report / Mycoplasma gallipsepticum e M. synoviae en un loro (Amazona aestiva) con enfermedad respiratoria – relato de un caso

As infecções por Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) e Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms) estão erradicadas da avicultura industrial brasileira em conformidade às recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal. Para outras aves, Mg e Ms podem causar impacto negativo à saúde. Há escassez de estudos no Brasil e no mundo sobre micoplasmoses em papagaios. Relata-se a detecção de ambos, Mg e Ms, em um papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva) criado próximo a galinhas de avicultura familiar, com afonia, rouquidão, estertor respiratório, dispneia e inapetência. As lesões pulmonares e de sacos aéreos foram sugeridas por radiografia celomática. No hemograma foram encontradas monocitose, eosinofilia, microcitose e normocromia eritrocitárias. As reações positivas em PCR para Mg e Ms e negativas para Chlamydophila psittaci sugerem coinfecção respiratória não descrita previamente em A. aestiva. A medicação com oxitetraciclina e a terapia de suporte resultou em cura clínica e alta do paciente. Destaca-se o risco sanitário da proximidade física entre aves.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) and Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms) are eradicated from the Brazilian poultry industry, in conformity with the guidelines from the World Organization for Animal Health. In other types of birds, Mg and Ms continue to represent important pathogens. Information regarding mycoplasmosis in parrots is however lacking. This article describes the detection of Mg and Ms in a captive Blue-Fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) reared in proximity to free-range Mg-reactive chickens, which presented aphonia, dyspnea and inappetence. Radiography showed opacity in the lungs and air sacs. Hematology findings included monocytosis, eosinophilia, erythrocytic normochromia and microcytosis. Specific PCR protocols were employed for the detection of Mg, Ms or Chlamydophila psittaci (Cp). Positive coinfection by Mg and Ms, but negative to Cp, had not been previously reported in A. aestiva. Medication (oxytetracycline) and support therapy resulted in clinical cure. It is important to point out the risk of maintaining birds of different sanitary background at close proximity.

Las infecciones por Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) y Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms) están erradicadas de la avicultura industrial brasileña, de acuerdo a las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Sanidad Animal. No obstante, en otras aves, el Mg y Ms siguen causando un impacto negativo a la salud. Teniendo en cuenta la poca cantidad de estudios en Brasil y el mundo sobre micoplasmosis en loros, relatamos en este trabajo la detección de ambos, Mg y Ms, en un loro (Amazona aestiva) criado cerca de gallinas de avicultura familiar, que presentaba afonía, ronquidos, estertor respiratorio, disnea e inapetencia. Las lesiones pulmonares y de sacos aéreos fueron observadas mediante radiografías celomáticas. En el hemograma fueron diagnosticadas monocitosis, eosinofilia, microcitosis y normocromia eritrocitaria. Las reacciones positivas en PCR para Mg y Ms, y negativas para Chlamydophila psittaci son sugestivas de una co-infección respiratoria nunca descripta en Amazona aestiva. El tratamiento con oxitetraciclina y la terapia de soporte dieron como resultado la cura clínica y alta del paciente. Se debe resaltar el riesgo sanitario por la proximidad física entre aves.

Mycoplasma gallipsepticum e M. synoviae em papagaio verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva) com doença respiratória relato de caso / Mycoplasma gallipsepticum and M. synoviae in a Blue-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) with respiratory disease case report / Mycoplasma gallipsepticum e M. synoviae en un loro (Amazona aestiva) con enfermedad respiratoria relato de un caso

As infecções por Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) e Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms) estão erradicadas da avicultura industrial brasileira em conformidade às recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal. Para outras aves, Mg e Ms podem causar impacto negativo à saúde. Há escassez de estudos no Brasil e no mundo sobre micoplasmoses em papagaios. Relata-se a detecção de ambos, Mg e Ms, em um papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva) criado próximo a galinhas de avicultura familiar, com afonia, rouquidão, estertor respiratório, dispneia e inapetência. As lesões pulmonares e de sacos aéreos foram sugeridas por radiografia celomática. No hemograma foram encontradas monocitose, eosinofilia, microcitose e normocromia eritrocitárias. As reações positivas em PCR para Mg e Ms e negativas para Chlamydophila psittaci sugerem coinfecção respiratória não descrita previamente em A. aestiva. A medicação com oxitetraciclina e a terapia de suporte resultou em cura clínica e alta do paciente. Destaca-se o risco sanitário da proximidade física entre aves.(AU)

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) and Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms) are eradicated from the Brazilian poultry industry, in conformity with the guidelines from the World Organization for Animal Health. In other types of birds, Mg and Ms continue to represent important pathogens. Information regarding mycoplasmosis in parrots is however lacking. This article describes the detection of Mg and Ms in a captive Blue-Fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) reared in proximity to free-range Mg-reactive chickens, which presented aphonia, dyspnea and inappetence. Radiography showed opacity in the lungs and air sacs. Hematology findings included monocytosis, eosinophilia, erythrocytic normochromia and microcytosis. Specific PCR protocols were employed for the detection of Mg, Ms or Chlamydophila psittaci (Cp). Positive coinfection by Mg and Ms, but negative to Cp, had not been previously reported in A. aestiva. Medication (oxytetracycline) and support therapy resulted in clinical cure. It is important to point out the risk of maintaining birds of different sanitary background at close proximity.(AU)

Las infecciones por Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) y Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms) están erradicadas de la avicultura industrial brasileña, de acuerdo a las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Sanidad Animal. No obstante, en otras aves, el Mg y Ms siguen causando un impacto negativo a la salud. Teniendo en cuenta la poca cantidad de estudios en Brasil y el mundo sobre micoplasmosis en loros, relatamos en este trabajo la detección de ambos, Mg y Ms, en un loro (Amazona aestiva) criado cerca de gallinas de avicultura familiar, que presentaba afonía, ronquidos, estertor respiratorio, disnea e inapetencia. Las lesiones pulmonares y de sacos aéreos fueron observadas mediante radiografías celomáticas. En el hemograma fueron diagnosticadas monocitosis, eosinofilia, microcitosis y normocromia eritrocitaria. Las reacciones positivas en PCR para Mg y Ms, y negativas para Chlamydophila psittaci son sugestivas de una co-infección respiratoria nunca descripta en Amazona aestiva. El tratamiento con oxitetraciclina y la terapia de soporte dieron como resultado la cura clínica y alta del paciente. Se debe resaltar el riesgo sanitario por la proximidad física entre aves.(AU)