Strategic diagnosis of a property specialized in breeding, rearing and finishing beef cattle in the southern region of Piauí

This study aimed to perform a strategic diagnosis on a property specialized in breeding, rearing and finishing beef cattle in the southern region of Piauí. It was conducted at Agropecuária Alvorada, located in the countryside, municipality of Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil. The farm develops the full cycle of beef cattle production, which is divided into breeding, rearing and finishing. A SWOT analysis (which stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) was carried out, consisting of an assessment of the property's internal and external environments. To evaluate the internal environment, an interview was held for data collection by means of questionnaires. The evaluation included: breeding management, sanitary management, nutritional management, infrastructure, workforce, technologies used in pasture formation, conservation and recovery, pasture management and zootechnical indices. To analyze the external environment, a group of people (experts) with deep knowledge of the subject addressed during the study was used as source of information. A matrix was generated with all the information from the SWOT analysis, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, culminating with the establishment of strategies to increase the productive efficiency of the cattle raising activity.(AU)

Strategic grazing management decreases nitrogen excretion intensity of dairy cows

ABSTRACT: There is limited information regarding both nitrogen (N) and energy partitioning of dairy cows grazing wellmanaged tropical pastures. The objective of this study was to investigate the N and energy partitioning of midlactation dairy cows on rotationally grazed elephant grass using two pregrazing targets: 95 % or maximum canopy light interception (LI95% or LIMax) during regrowth. The study used 26 Holstein × Jersey dairy cows arranged in a randomized complete block design with three 40day periods of sampling. Grazing at LI95% increased organic matter and crude protein intake by 20 % (p 0.05) which resulted in a 9 % increase in fat corrected milk yield (p 0.05) relative to LIMax. Cows grazing at LI95% had greater concentration of total volatile fatty acids, butyrate and valerate (p 0.05), and smaller acetate (p 0.05) than those grazing at LIMax. Intake of net energy for lactation (NEL) and NEL secreted in milk were greater (p 0.05), while partitioning of NEL towards maintenance tended to be greater (p = 0.07) for cows grazing at LI95% than those grazing at LIMax. Milk urea nitrogen and both urine and fecal N excretion were greater for cows grazing at LI95% (p 0.05), but N excretion intensity was lower than in cows grazing at LIMax (p 0.05). Strategic grazing management using the LI95% pregrazing target increases N losses through both urine and feces; however, it reduces N excretion intensity of dairy cows by 9 %.

Strategic grazing management decreases nitrogen excretion intensity of dairy cows

There is limited information regarding both nitrogen (N) and energy partitioning of dairy cows grazing well–managed tropical pastures. The objective of this study was to investigate the N and energy partitioning of mid–lactation dairy cows on rotationally grazed elephant grass using two pre–grazing targets: 95 % or maximum canopy light interception (LI95% or LIMax) during regrowth. The study used 26 Holstein × Jersey dairy cows arranged in a randomized complete block design with three 40–day periods of sampling. Grazing at LI95% increased organic matter and crude protein intake by 20 % (p ≤ 0.05) which resulted in a 9 % increase in fat corrected milk yield (p ≤ 0.05) relative to LIMax. Cows grazing at LI95% had greater concentration of total volatile fatty acids, butyrate and valerate (p ≤ 0.05), and smaller acetate (p ≤ 0.05) than those grazing at LIMax. Intake of net energy for lactation (NEL) and NEL secreted in milk were greater (p ≤ 0.05), while partitioning of NEL towards maintenance tended to be greater (p = 0.07) for cows grazing at LI95% than those grazing at LIMax. Milk urea nitrogen and both urine and fecal N excretion were greater for cows grazing at LI95% (p ≤ 0.05), but N excretion intensity was lower than in cows grazing at LIMax (p ≤ 0.05). Strategic grazing management using the LI95% pre–grazing target increases N losses through both urine and feces; however, it reduces N excretion intensity of dairy cows by 9 %.

Strategic grazing management decreases nitrogen excretion intensity of dairy cows

There is limited information regarding both nitrogen (N) and energy partitioning of dairy cows grazing well­managed tropical pastures. The objective of this study was to investigate the N and energy partitioning of mid­lactation dairy cows on rotationally grazed elephant grass using two pre­grazing targets: 95 % or maximum canopy light interception (LI95% or LIMax) during regrowth. The study used 26 Holstein × Jersey dairy cows arranged in a randomized complete block design with three 40­day periods of sampling. Grazing at LI95% increased organic matter and crude protein intake by 20 % (p ≤ 0.05) which resulted in a 9 % increase in fat corrected milk yield (p ≤ 0.05) relative to LIMax. Cows grazing at LI95% had greater concentration of total volatile fatty acids, butyrate and valerate (p ≤ 0.05), and smaller acetate (p ≤ 0.05) than those grazing at LIMax. Intake of net energy for lactation (NEL) and NEL secreted in milk were greater (p ≤ 0.05), while partitioning of NEL towards maintenance tended to be greater (p = 0.07) for cows grazing at LI95% than those grazing at LIMax. Milk urea nitrogen and both urine and fecal N excretion were greater for cows grazing at LI95% (p ≤ 0.05), but N excretion intensity was lower than in cows grazing at LIMax (p ≤ 0.05). Strategic grazing management using the LI95% pre­grazing target increases N losses through both urine and feces; however, it reduces N excretion intensity of dairy cows by 9 %.

Eficiência de acaricidas comerciais sobre o Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus de uma propriedade rural do município de Vazante, MG, Brasil / Efficiency of commercial acaricides on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from a rural property in the city of Vazante, MG

Os carrapatos são os ectoparasitos que causam maiores prejuízos para a produção de bovinos, e em particular o Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é responsável por graves prejuízos para os produtores de carne e leite, e seu controle vem sendo dificultado pela resistência desses ácaros de pequeno porte aos carrapaticidas comerciais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência in vitro de 08 (oito) bases químicas presentes nos principais acaricidas do mercado, sobre o Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Para tanto, amostras de carrapatos foram coletadas de uma propriedade rural do município de Vazante, MG, para a realização do teste de imersão de teleóginas (biocarrapaticidograma). As associações das bases químicas Cipermetrina 20% + Clorpirifós 50%; Cirpemetrina 15% + Clorpirifós 30% + Fention 15%; Cipermetrina 15% + Clorpirifós 25% + Butóxido de Piperonila 15%+ Citronela 1% e Clorpirifós 50% + Cipermetrina 6%, apresentaram eficiência de 100% no teste in vitro. Entretanto, Diclorvós 50% + Clorpirifós 20%; Supona 50%; Amitraz 12,5% e a Deltametrina 25% apresentaram eficiência menor que 95%. Os resultados obtidos sugerem uma relação direta entre produtos presentes no mercado versus resistência do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, enfatizando a necessidade do monitoramento dos mecanismos de resistência associado à implementação de um programa de controle estratégico de carrapatos, levando ao manejo adequado de acaricidas e uma política de fiscalização atuante por parte dos órgãos competentes com relação aos produtos químicos disponíveis no mercado para o controle do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.(AU)

Ticks are the ectoparasites that cause greater damage to the production of cattle, and in particular Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is responsible for serious damage to meat and milk producers, and its control has been hampered by the resistance of these mites. small scale to commercial ticks. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the in vitro efficiency of 08 (eight) chemical bases present in the main acaricides in the market, on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. For that, samples of ticks were collected from a rural property in the municipality of Vazante, MG., Brazil, to perform the teleogener immersion test (biocarrapaticidogram). The associations of the chemical bases Cypermethrin 20% + Chlorpyrifos 50%; Cirpemetrina 15% + Chlorpyrifos 30% + Fention 15%; Cypermethrin 15% + Chlorpyrifos 25% + Piperonyl Butoxide 15% + Citronella 1% and Chlorpyrifos 50% + Cypermethrin 6%, showed 100% efficiency in the in vitro test. However, Dichlorvós 50% + Chlorpyrifos 20%; Suppose 50%; Amitraz 12.5% and Deltamethrin 25% showed efficiency less than 95%. The results obtained suggest a direct relationship between products present in the market versus resistance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, emphasizing the need to monitor resistance mechanisms associated with the implementation of a strategic tick control program, leading to the appropriate management of mites and a active inspection policy by the competent bodies regarding the chemicals available on the market for the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.(AU)

Growth and production of 'Prata Anã Gorutuba' banana under different planting densities

Increased planting density, different types of thinning management, and the use of beneficial microorganisms have been adopted as strategic tools in the effort to increase crop yields in a sustainable manner. This investigation evaluated the growth and production of ‘Prata Anã Gorutuba’ banana ( Musa spp., AAB) under different plant densities during two production cycles in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Micropropagated plantlets were also inoculated with endophytic bacteria and cultivated as part of two mat management strategies. Planting density varied between 1,680 and 3,920 plant ha–1. During the experiment, water was less than optimal because of rationing due to drought in the region. Under field conditions, there was no difference between bacterially inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The dense planting system increased the crop cycle. The highest-density planting treatment (3,920 plant ha–1) resulted in the highest yield in the first cycle, but no net income was observed. However, the high-density planting treatments resulted in the highest yields and gross incomes in the second production cycle. Management with thinning of plants up to 10-months-old and thinning up to harvest associated with high planting density increased the length of the production cycles. Although the water restriction experienced in the first and second crop cycles, the vegetative and productive traits of ‘Prata Anã Gorutuba’ banana did not compromise the objectives of this study.

Growth and production of 'Prata Anã Gorutuba' banana under different planting densities

Increased planting density, different types of thinning management, and the use of beneficial microorganisms have been adopted as strategic tools in the effort to increase crop yields in a sustainable manner. This investigation evaluated the growth and production of ‘Prata Anã Gorutuba banana ( Musa spp., AAB) under different plant densities during two production cycles in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Micropropagated plantlets were also inoculated with endophytic bacteria and cultivated as part of two mat management strategies. Planting density varied between 1,680 and 3,920 plant ha–1. During the experiment, water was less than optimal because of rationing due to drought in the region. Under field conditions, there was no difference between bacterially inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The dense planting system increased the crop cycle. The highest-density planting treatment (3,920 plant ha–1) resulted in the highest yield in the first cycle, but no net income was observed. However, the high-density planting treatments resulted in the highest yields and gross incomes in the second production cycle. Management with thinning of plants up to 10-months-old and thinning up to harvest associated with high planting density increased the length of the production cycles. Although the water restriction experienced in the first and second crop cycles, the vegetative and productive traits of ‘Prata Anã Gorutuba banana did not compromise the objectives of this study.(AU)

Diagnóstico da produção de morangos no oeste catarinense -Safra 2020 / Diagnosis of strawberry production in western Santa Catarina State -2020 crop cycle

Atividades agrícolas alternativas, comoa cultura do morango, têm despertado o interesse de agricultores no Oeste Catarinense (região sul). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um diagnóstico da produção comercial de morangos na safra 2020 desta região, possibilitando o planejamento de ações de assistência técnica no cultivo e de desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva. As informações foram coletadas através de questionários aplicados aos extensionistas rurais da Epagri (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina) responsáveis pelos municípios pertencentes à Unidade de Gestão Técnica 1 (UGT 1 -Oeste Catarinense), englobando 36 municípios. Os dados foram sistematizados, a fim de definir os parâmetros: número de produtores e de plantas por município; número de plantas porcultivar; porcentagem de plantas de “primeiro ciclo” ou com “dois ou mais ciclos”; número e percentual de produtores quanto a: i) origem das mudas utilizadas; ii) recebimento de assistência técnica; iii) sistema de produção; iv) sistema de cultivo; v) rastreabilidade da produção; e vi) valor e forma de comercialização. De acordo com os dados coletados, verificou-se que o Oeste Catarinense possui 68 produtores, que estão presentes em 67% dos municípios e cultivam 358.565 plantas. As cultivares Albion e San Andreas são as mais utilizadas. A maior parte dos cultivos é convencional (70,6%), com uso do sistema semi-hidropônico em bancadas e túnel alto (60,3%). A comercialização in naturae direta ao consumidor é feita por grande parte dos produtores, com valor médio de comercialização deR$ 19,81/kg (3.70 US$). Estas características devem ser levadas em consideração para o planejamento do desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva na região.

Alternative agricultural activities, such as the strawberry crop, have attracted the interest of some farmers in western Santa Catarina (southern Brazil). The objective of this workwas to carry out a diagnosis of the commercial production of strawberries of this region in the 2020 harvest cycle, enabling the planning of technical assistance actions in the cultivation and development of the production chain. Data were collected throughspecific questionnaires applied to Epagri (Agricultural Research and Extension Company of the State of Santa Catarina) rural extensionists responsible for the municipalities belonging to Technical Management Unit 1 (UGT 1 -Western Santa Catarina), which encompasses 36 municipalities. Data were systematized according to the following parameters: number of producers and plants per municipality; number of plants per cultivar; percentage of “first cycle” or “two or more cycles” plants; number and percentageof farmers that: i) adopted the same origin of the seedlings used; ii) received or not some technical assistance; iii) have a proper production system; iv) adopted a proper cultivation system; v) have a production traceability; and vi) adopted commercialvalue and form of commercialization. Results show that the Western administrative region of the Santa Catarina state has 68 strawberry producers, and they are present in 67% of the municipalities and cultivating 358.565 plants. The cultivars Albion and SanAndreas are being the most one used. Most cultivated areas are conventional (70,6%), and use the semi-hydroponic system in benches and high tunnels (60,3%). Sales in natura and directly to the consumer are carried out by most growers, with an average sales value of R$ 19,81/kg offruit (3.70 USD).Theseoutcomes must be taken into account when planning the development of the production chain in the selected region

Diagnóstico da produção de morangos no oeste catarinense -Safra 2020 / Diagnosis of strawberry production in western Santa Catarina State -2020 crop cycle

Atividades agrícolas alternativas, comoa cultura do morango, têm despertado o interesse de agricultores no Oeste Catarinense (região sul). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um diagnóstico da produção comercial de morangos na safra 2020 desta região, possibilitando o planejamento de ações de assistência técnica no cultivo e de desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva. As informações foram coletadas através de questionários aplicados aos extensionistas rurais da Epagri (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina) responsáveis pelos municípios pertencentes à Unidade de Gestão Técnica 1 (UGT 1 -Oeste Catarinense), englobando 36 municípios. Os dados foram sistematizados, a fim de definir os parâmetros: número de produtores e de plantas por município; número de plantas porcultivar; porcentagem de plantas de “primeiro ciclo” ou com “dois ou mais ciclos”; número e percentual de produtores quanto a: i) origem das mudas utilizadas; ii) recebimento de assistência técnica; iii) sistema de produção; iv) sistema de cultivo; v) rastreabilidade da produção; e vi) valor e forma de comercialização. De acordo com os dados coletados, verificou-se que o Oeste Catarinense possui 68 produtores, que estão presentes em 67% dos municípios e cultivam 358.565 plantas. As cultivares Albion e San Andreas são as mais utilizadas. A maior parte dos cultivos é convencional (70,6%), com uso do sistema semi-hidropônico em bancadas e túnel alto (60,3%). A comercialização in naturae direta ao consumidor é feita por grande parte dos produtores, com valor médio de comercialização deR$ 19,81/kg (3.70 US$). Estas características devem ser levadas em consideração para o planejamento do desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva na região.(AU)

Alternative agricultural activities, such as the strawberry crop, have attracted the interest of some farmers in western Santa Catarina (southern Brazil). The objective of this workwas to carry out a diagnosis of the commercial production of strawberries of this region in the 2020 harvest cycle, enabling the planning of technical assistance actions in the cultivation and development of the production chain. Data were collected throughspecific questionnaires applied to Epagri (Agricultural Research and Extension Company of the State of Santa Catarina) rural extensionists responsible for the municipalities belonging to Technical Management Unit 1 (UGT 1 -Western Santa Catarina), which encompasses 36 municipalities. Data were systematized according to the following parameters: number of producers and plants per municipality; number of plants per cultivar; percentage of “first cycle” or “two or more cycles” plants; number and percentageof farmers that: i) adopted the same origin of the seedlings used; ii) received or not some technical assistance; iii) have a proper production system; iv) adopted a proper cultivation system; v) have a production traceability; and vi) adopted commercialvalue and form of commercialization. Results show that the Western administrative region of the Santa Catarina state has 68 strawberry producers, and they are present in 67% of the municipalities and cultivating 358.565 plants. The cultivars Albion and SanAndreas are being the most one used. Most cultivated areas are conventional (70,6%), and use the semi-hydroponic system in benches and high tunnels (60,3%). Sales in natura and directly to the consumer are carried out by most growers, with an average sales value of R$ 19,81/kg offruit (3.70 USD).Theseoutcomes must be taken into account when planning the development of the production chain in the selected region(AU)

Susceptibility of soybean looper to lufenuron and spinosad / Susceptibilidade da lagarta falsa-medideira a lufenuron e espinosade

The soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens) is an important defoliation pest in crops such as soybean and cotton in Brazil. Its main control tactic is chemical insecticides. Considering the importance of chemical control for this pest, monitoring the susceptibility of C. includens populations is strategic for an efficient Insect Resistance Management. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility levels of C. includens populations in the state of Mato Grosso - Brazil to lufenuron and spinosad. Seven populations were collected in soybean fields around the state. For the bioassays, early L3 larvae were exposed to insecticides using the diet-overlay method. Although the compounds have distinct modes of action, Tangará da Serra population had the highest resistance ratios for lufenuron (11.62) and spinosad (7.84), compared to laboratory population (susceptibility reference). Even with low resistance levels, it is necessary to maintain regional monitoring of C. includens susceptibility to the evaluated insecticides, as well as to extend the range of molecules monitored.(AU)

A lagarta falsa-medideira (Chrysodeixis includens) é uma importante praga desfolhadora em culturas como soja e algodão no Brasil e seu principal método de controle é o uso de inseticidas químicos. Considerando a importância do controle químico para essa praga, o monitoramento da suscetibilidade de populações de C. includens é estratégico para um eficiente programa de Manejo da Resistência de Insetos. Portanto, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os níveis de suscetibilidade de populações de C. includens no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, aos inseticidas lufenurom e espinosade. Sete populações foram coletadas em cultivos de soja ao longo do estado. Para os bioensaios, lagartas em terceiro ínstar foram expostas aos inseticidas utilizando o método de contaminação superficial de dieta. Embora os compostos apresentem modos de ação distintos, a população de Tangará da Serra obteve as maiores razões de resistência para lufenurom (11,62) e espinosade (7,84) em relação à população de laboratório (referência de suscetibilidade). Apesar dos níveis de resistência terem sido baixos, é necessário manter a manutenção do monitoramento dos níveis de suscetibilidade aos inseticidas avaliados, assim como ampliar a gama de moléculas monitoradas.(AU)

Susceptibility of soybean looper to lufenuron and spinosad / Susceptibilidade da lagarta falsa-medideira a lufenuron e espinosade

The soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens) is an important defoliation pest in crops such as soybean and cotton in Brazil. Its main control tactic is chemical insecticides. Considering the importance of chemical control for this pest, monitoring the susceptibility of C. includens populations is strategic for an efficient Insect Resistance Management. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility levels of C. includens populations in the state of Mato Grosso - Brazil to lufenuron and spinosad. Seven populations were collected in soybean fields around the state. For the bioassays, early L3 larvae were exposed to insecticides using the diet-overlay method. Although the compounds have distinct modes of action, Tangará da Serra population had the highest resistance ratios for lufenuron (11.62) and spinosad (7.84), compared to laboratory population (susceptibility reference). Even with low resistance levels, it is necessary to maintain regional monitoring of C. includens susceptibility to the evaluated insecticides, as well as to extend the range of molecules monitored.(AU)

A lagarta falsa-medideira (Chrysodeixis includens) é uma importante praga desfolhadora em culturas como soja e algodão no Brasil e seu principal método de controle é o uso de inseticidas químicos. Considerando a importância do controle químico para essa praga, o monitoramento da suscetibilidade de populações de C. includens é estratégico para um eficiente programa de Manejo da Resistência de Insetos. Portanto, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os níveis de suscetibilidade de populações de C. includens no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, aos inseticidas lufenurom e espinosade. Sete populações foram coletadas em cultivos de soja ao longo do estado. Para os bioensaios, lagartas em terceiro ínstar foram expostas aos inseticidas utilizando o método de contaminação superficial de dieta. Embora os compostos apresentem modos de ação distintos, a população de Tangará da Serra obteve as maiores razões de resistência para lufenurom (11,62) e espinosade (7,84) em relação à população de laboratório (referência de suscetibilidade). Apesar dos níveis de resistência terem sido baixos, é necessário manter a manutenção do monitoramento dos níveis de suscetibilidade aos inseticidas avaliados, assim como ampliar a gama de moléculas monitoradas.(AU)

Encounter rate and behavior of Alouatta guariba clamitans in the Ilha Grande State Park, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940 is an endemic species of the Atlantic Forest that occurs from south Bahia, Brazil, extending south to the province of Misiones, Argentina. In Rio de Janeiro state, the species was classified as threatened, indicating that attention is needed for the conservation of this taxon. Additionally, an outbreak of yellow fever spread throughout the southeastern states of Brazil from January 2017 until March 2018 seriously threatening Rio de Janeiro populations of the species. Herein, we aimed to provide the first estimates of A. g. clamitans encounter rate, density, and population size in the Ilha Grande State Park (PEIG), which is part of the Atlantic Forest biome of Brazil. Data were collected in two different periods, the first between December 2003 and May 2005, and the second from August 2009 to May 2010, and information on encounter rates and behavior was collected to better understand aspects of species’ ecology. The estimated encounter rate in the first period through the distance sampling method was 0.04 ± 0.01 individuals per kilometer. Nine groups were recorded in the second period of the study, with 47 individuals along 3 km. Our estimates of encounter rate, density and population size were low and reinforces the need to initiate species monitoring and assess the impact that yellow fever outbreaks may have on PEIG populations. The results presented here can be a starting point to support future strategic actions for the species, to measure impacts and to the management of the species, and for a conservation program.

Morphometric characteristics and hydrological dynamics in microbasins with different land uses of cerrado soils in Mato Grosso / Características morfométricas e dinâmica hidrológica em microbacias sob diferentes uso do solo do cerrado Mato-Grossense

Understanding the hydrologic regime, and monitoring runoff at the micro-basin scale is critical for understanding water availability, and for managing water resources in strategic biomes such as the cerrado. The objective of this research is to evaluate morphometric characteristics and the hydrologic regime and determine their relationships with soil characteristics and typical land-use in the cerrado biome. To reach this objective morphometric characterization, runoff and precipitation monitoring, and determination of the water retention curve were conducted in three micro-basins in the municipality of Campo Verde, Mato Grosso. These micro-basins each have a different, but regionally typical land use and were selected strategically to represent this area of cerrado: agriculture, pasture and native vegetation. The results obtained allow for the analysis of the hydrologic regime throughout the period measured. Micro-basins with native vegetation and pasture, with greater altimetric range and more sandy soils, show greater erosion. Despite this, the micro-basin with pasture cover showed greater regulation of runoff. The micro-basin with agriculture showed less regularization of water flux due to the physical characteristics of the local soils.

O conhecimento e monitoramento da vazão, assim como o entendimento do regime hidrológico a nível de microbacias tem sido relevante para se determinar a disponibilidade hídrica, assim como promover o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos em biomas considerados estratégicos como o cerrado. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar as características morfométricas e o regime hidrológico e sua relação com as características do solo bem como do seu uso em três microbacias no bioma cerrado. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, fez-se a caracterização morfométrica, o monitoramento da vazão e da precipitação diária e elaboração da curva de permanência de três microbacias hidrográficas localizadas no município de Campo Verde-MT contemplando os seguintes usos: agricultura, pastagem e vegetação nativa. Essas bacias foram selecionadas estrategicamente por serem representativas dos principais sistemas de uso do solo na região de cerrado. Os resultados obtidos permitem ponderar que há diferença no regime hidrológico das microbacias hidrográficas ao longo do período analisado. As microbacias com vegetação nativa e com pastagem, por terem maior amplitude altimétrica, além de apresentarem solos de textura arenosa, são mais propensas à erosão hídrica. A microbacia com pastagem apresentou maior regularidade na vazão e, a microbacia com agricultura uma menor regularização do fluxo hidrológico em função das características físicas dos solos que compõe a microbacia.

Morphometric characteristics and hydrological dynamics in microbasins with different land uses of cerrado soils in Mato Grosso / Características morfométricas e dinâmica hidrológica em microbacias sob diferentes uso do solo do cerrado Mato-Grossense

Understanding the hydrologic regime, and monitoring runoff at the micro-basin scale is critical for understanding water availability, and for managing water resources in strategic biomes such as the cerrado. The objective of this research is to evaluate morphometric characteristics and the hydrologic regime and determine their relationships with soil characteristics and typical land-use in the cerrado biome. To reach this objective morphometric characterization, runoff and precipitation monitoring, and determination of the water retention curve were conducted in three micro-basins in the municipality of Campo Verde, Mato Grosso. These micro-basins each have a different, but regionally typical land use and were selected strategically to represent this area of cerrado: agriculture, pasture and native vegetation. The results obtained allow for the analysis of the hydrologic regime throughout the period measured. Micro-basins with native vegetation and pasture, with greater altimetric range and more sandy soils, show greater erosion. Despite this, the micro-basin with pasture cover showed greater regulation of runoff. The micro-basin with agriculture showed less regularization of water flux due to the physical characteristics of the local soils.(AU)

O conhecimento e monitoramento da vazão, assim como o entendimento do regime hidrológico a nível de microbacias tem sido relevante para se determinar a disponibilidade hídrica, assim como promover o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos em biomas considerados estratégicos como o cerrado. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar as características morfométricas e o regime hidrológico e sua relação com as características do solo bem como do seu uso em três microbacias no bioma cerrado. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, fez-se a caracterização morfométrica, o monitoramento da vazão e da precipitação diária e elaboração da curva de permanência de três microbacias hidrográficas localizadas no município de Campo Verde-MT contemplando os seguintes usos: agricultura, pastagem e vegetação nativa. Essas bacias foram selecionadas estrategicamente por serem representativas dos principais sistemas de uso do solo na região de cerrado. Os resultados obtidos permitem ponderar que há diferença no regime hidrológico das microbacias hidrográficas ao longo do período analisado. As microbacias com vegetação nativa e com pastagem, por terem maior amplitude altimétrica, além de apresentarem solos de textura arenosa, são mais propensas à erosão hídrica. A microbacia com pastagem apresentou maior regularidade na vazão e, a microbacia com agricultura uma menor regularização do fluxo hidrológico em função das características físicas dos solos que compõe a microbacia.(AU)

Variation in environmental characteristics of waters among Amazon coast oyster culture units / Variação nas características ambientais de águas entre unidades de cultivo de ostras na costa amazônica

Oyster culture has benefited traditional coastal communities along the Amazon macrotidal mangrove coast of Pará state in Brazil since 2006. Currently, seven oyster culture units in five municipalities are expanding production, but with no environmental monitoring, which is important for the control of the impacts of oyster culture on waters as well as for oyster management and conservation. Seasonal variation in environmental characteristics of the water was evaluated at all oyster culture units in Pará, from September to November 2013 (dry season) and February to April 2014 (wet season), to generate baseline data to evaluate future impacts and aid strategic planning, such as diversifying seed production. Salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, depth, temperature, and chlorophyll-a concentration were measured during flooding and ebbing tides, and compared between seasons and among culture units using uni- and multivariate statistics. All variables were significantly higher in the dry season, except depth, which was significantly greater in the wet season. Mean salinity, which varied from 2.4 to 46, explained most of the variation among culture units in relation to season, sampling date within each season and tidal state. However, dissolved oxygen, pH and depth were also important. Oyster culture units in Pará may be suitable for sustainable harvesting of seed/spat from the wild (lower salinity and pH), or for on-growing (higher salinity, higher pH, and greater depth). Seasonal variation is sufficient to allow both activities at most units at appropriate times of the year, which would help increase oyster production in Pará.(AU)

A ostreicultura beneficia comunidades costeiras tradicionais ao longo da costa do manguezal de macro-marés amazônico do Estado do Pará no Brasil desde 2006. Atualmente, sete cultivos em cinco municípios expandem sua produção, mas sem monitoramento ambiental, importante para verificar impactos da ostreicultura sobre as águas, mas também para o manejo e conservação de ostras. A variação sazonal nas características ambientais da água foi avaliada em todos os cultivos do Pará, de setembro a novembro de 2013 (estação seca) e fevereiro a abril de 2014 (estação chuvosa), para gerar dados de base para avaliar futuros impactos e ajudar no planejamento estratégico, como a diversificação da produção de sementes. Salinidade, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, potencial de oxidação-redução, profundidade, temperatura e concentração de clorofila-a foram medidas durante as marés inundantes e vazantes, e comparadas entre estações e unidades de cultivo usando estatísticas uni- e multivariadas. Todas as variáveis foram significativamente mais elevadas na estação seca, exceto profundidade, que foi significativamente maior na estação chuvosa. Salinidade média, que variou de 2,4 a 46, explicou a maior parte da variação entre as unidades de cultivo em relação à estação, data de amostragem dentro de cada estação e estado das marés. No entanto, oxigênio dissolvido, pH e profundidade também foram importantes. As unidades de cultivo de ostras no Pará são apropriadas para colheita sustentável de sementes na natureza (menor salinidade e pH) ou para engorda (maior salinidade, maior pH e maior profundidade). A variação sazonal permite ambas atividades na maioria das unidades, no período apropriado do ano, e ajudaria a aumentar a produção de ostras no Pará.(AU)

Encounter rate and behavior of Alouatta guariba clamitans in the Ilha Grande State Park, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940 is an endemic species of the Atlantic Forest that occurs from south Bahia, Brazil, extending south to the province of Misiones, Argentina. In Rio de Janeiro state, the species was classified as threatened, indicating that attention is needed for the conservation of this taxon. Additionally, an outbreak of yellow fever spread throughout the southeastern states of Brazil from January 2017 until March 2018 seriously threatening Rio de Janeiro populations of the species. Herein, we aimed to provide the first estimates of A. g. clamitans encounter rate, density, and population size in the Ilha Grande State Park (PEIG), which is part of the Atlantic Forest biome of Brazil. Data were collected in two different periods, the first between December 2003 and May 2005, and the second from August 2009 to May 2010, and information on encounter rates and behavior was collected to better understand aspects of species ecology. The estimated encounter rate in the first period through the distance sampling method was 0.04 ± 0.01 individuals per kilometer. Nine groups were recorded in the second period of the study, with 47 individuals along 3 km. Our estimates of encounter rate, density and population size were low and reinforces the need to initiate species monitoring and assess the impact that yellow fever outbreaks may have on PEIG populations. The results presented here can be a starting point to support future strategic actions for the species, to measure impacts and to the management of the species, and for a conservation program.(AU)

Bases para um programa de controle da artrite encefalite caprina em rebanho leiteiro / [Bases for a program of control of caprine arthritis encephalite in dairy flock]

Objetivou-se avaliar um programa de controle da artrite encefalite caprina (AEC), por meio de testes diagnósticos sensíveis, separação de mãe e cria após o parto e medidas de manejo, com o intuito de formar rebanho livre do vírus. Utilizou-se um total de 47 cabritos da raça Saanen, mantidos isoladamente até o resultado dos primeiros testes de reação em cadeia de polimerase nested (PCR nested) e Western Blotting (WB), com base na coleta de sangue no momento do nascimento (M0). No PCR nested, quatro animais foram positivos, no M0, e foram eutanasiados. Posteriormente, os demais 43 cabritos foram submetidos à coleta de sangue aos 60 (M60) e 270 (M270) dias de vida para realização de novos testes de WB e PCR nested, que não detectaram animais positivos. Pode-se afirmar que a metodologia adotada neste estudo foi efetiva no controle da doença, nas fases de aleitamento e pós-aleitamento, e que a combinação do sistema de manejo, a fim de propiciar diminuição de risco de transmissão horizontal, com técnicas de diagnóstico mais apuradas, como o WB e a PCR nested, é relevante para elaboração de plano estratégico de controle da enfermidade.(AU)

We aimed to evaluate a program to control Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE), using diagnostic tests, separation of the mother and postpartum and other management measures, in order to form a free flock of the virus. We used a total of 47 Saanengoats in isolation until the results of the first nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested PCR) and Western Blotting (WB) tests, based on blood collection at the time of birth (M0). In the nested PCR, 4 animals were positive, at M0, and were eliminated. Later, the other 43goats were submitted to blood collection at 60 (M60) and 270 (M270) days of life to perform new tests of WB and nested PCR, which did not detect positive animals. We can affirm that the methodology adopted in this study was effective in the control of the disease, in the phase of breastfeeding and post-breastfeeding, and that the combination of the management system, which allows a reduction of risk of horizontal transmission, with more accurate diagnostic techniques, such as WB and nested PCR, is relevant for the elaboration of a strategic plan for the disease control.(AU)

Perdas econômicas por fasciolose em carcaças bovinas submetidas ao serviço de inspeção municipal de Pelotas, RS, Brasil / Economic losses due to fasciolosis in cattle carcasses submitted to the municipal inspection service in Pelotas, RS, Brazil

Fasciolose é uma doença parasitária endêmica em bovinos e proveniente de áreas alagáveis dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Quando detectada na inspeção post mortem, a fasciolose acarreta a condenação de fígados, gerando prejuízos à cadeia produtiva da carne. No período de 2009 a 2014, os abatedouros com Serviço de Inspeção Municipal (SIM) da cidade de Pelotas, RS, abateram 21.036 bovinos, identificando-se prevalência média de 25,38% para fasciolose. Foi constatada diferença significativa por sexo com uma OR=2,25 (2,05 < OR < 2,43 e valor de p < 0,001) vezes maior nas fêmeas do que nos machos. Foi demonstrado que animais com idade entre cinco e sete anos possuem maior prevalência fasciolose. O mês de fevereiro foi o de maior prevalência de fasciolose nos fígados inspecionados, consistindo em um fator de risco para a enfermidade. O contrário foi observado nos meses de julho e outubro. As condenações resultantes da infecção hepática atingiram um total de 5363 fígados, acarretando uma perda estimada de U$ 74.754,86, ou US$ 13,94 por animal. Os prejuízos estimados evidenciam a importância do controle da fasciolose em bovinos, na região estudada, justificando tratamentos estratégicos e medidas de controle e profilaxia específicas ao trematódeo.

Fasciolosis is an endemic parasitic disease in cattle and comes from wetlands in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. When detected in postmortem inspection, fasciolosis leads to the condemnation of livers, causing damage to the meat production chain. In the period from 2009 to 2014, slaughterhouses with Municipal Inspection Service (SIM) in the city of Pelotas, RS, slaughtered 21,036 cattle, with an average prevalence of 25.38% for fasciolosis. There was a significant difference by sex with an OR = 2.25 (2.05 < OR < 2.43 and p < 0.001) times greater in females than in males. It has been shown that animals aged between five to seven years have a higher prevalence of fasciolosis. February was the month with the highest prevalence of fasciolosis in the inspected livers, consisting of a risk factor for the disease. The opposite was observed in July and October. Condemnation resulting from liver infection reached a total of 5363 livers, resulting in an estimated loss of U$ 74,754.86, or U$ 13.94 per animal. The estimated losses show the importance of controlling fasciolosis in cattle, in the studied region, justifying strategic treatments and, control and prophylaxis measures to the trematode.

Perdas econômicas por fasciolose em carcaças bovinas submetidas ao serviço de inspeção municipal de Pelotas, RS, Brasil / Economic losses due to fasciolosis in cattle carcasses submitted to the municipal inspection service in Pelotas, RS, Brazil

Fasciolose é uma doença parasitária endêmica em bovinos e proveniente de áreas alagáveis dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Quando detectada na inspeção post mortem, a fasciolose acarreta a condenação de fígados, gerando prejuízos à cadeia produtiva da carne. No período de 2009 a 2014, os abatedouros com Serviço de Inspeção Municipal (SIM) da cidade de Pelotas, RS, abateram 21.036 bovinos, identificando-se prevalência média de 25,38% para fasciolose. Foi constatada diferença significativa por sexo com uma OR=2,25 (2,05 < OR < 2,43 e valor de p < 0,001) vezes maior nas fêmeas do que nos machos. Foi demonstrado que animais com idade entre cinco e sete anos possuem maior prevalência fasciolose. O mês de fevereiro foi o de maior prevalência de fasciolose nos fígados inspecionados, consistindo em um fator de risco para a enfermidade. O contrário foi observado nos meses de julho e outubro. As condenações resultantes da infecção hepática atingiram um total de 5363 fígados, acarretando uma perda estimada de U$ 74.754,86, ou US$ 13,94 por animal. Os prejuízos estimados evidenciam a importância do controle da fasciolose em bovinos, na região estudada, justificando tratamentos estratégicos e medidas de controle e profilaxia específicas ao trematódeo.(AU)

Fasciolosis is an endemic parasitic disease in cattle and comes from wetlands in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. When detected in postmortem inspection, fasciolosis leads to the condemnation of livers, causing damage to the meat production chain. In the period from 2009 to 2014, slaughterhouses with Municipal Inspection Service (SIM) in the city of Pelotas, RS, slaughtered 21,036 cattle, with an average prevalence of 25.38% for fasciolosis. There was a significant difference by sex with an OR = 2.25 (2.05 < OR < 2.43 and p < 0.001) times greater in females than in males. It has been shown that animals aged between five to seven years have a higher prevalence of fasciolosis. February was the month with the highest prevalence of fasciolosis in the inspected livers, consisting of a risk factor for the disease. The opposite was observed in July and October. Condemnation resulting from liver infection reached a total of 5363 livers, resulting in an estimated loss of U$ 74,754.86, or U$ 13.94 per animal. The estimated losses show the importance of controlling fasciolosis in cattle, in the studied region, justifying strategic treatments and, control and prophylaxis measures to the trematode.(AU)

Knowledge management for the sustainable development of the semi-arid region in Northeastern Brazil / Gerenciamento do conhecimento para o desenvolvimento sustentável da região semiárida no Nordeste do Brasil

The objective of this study was to analyze the knowledge management perception in managers of a public university in the Brazilian Northeastern Semiarid Region, especially their tactical and strategic processes to produce knowledge about this region. The analysis was conducted according to the perspective of administrators at this university with a view to the sustainable development of the region. This was a qualitative descriptive study. All data were collected through structured interviews, using a questionnaire based on the Knowledge Management Diagnosis as a structuring model. Results showed that Knowledge Management is still a maturing practice. However, knowledge management is making institutional changes feasible and generating organization capacity to implement solutions and promote the sustainable development of the semi-arid region in the Northeastern Brazil.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção da gestão do conhecimento em gestores de uma universidade pública na Região Semiárida do Nordeste brasileiro, especialmente seus processos táticos e estratégicos para produzir conhecimento sobre esta Região. A análise foi conduzida segundo a perspectiva de administradores nesta universidade tendo em vista o desenvolvimento sustentável da região. Este foi um estudo qualitativo. Todos os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas estruturadas, usando um questionário baseado no Diagnóstico de Gestão do Conhecimento como modelo estruturante. Os resultados mostraram que a Gestão do Conhecimento é uma prática que está amadurecendo. Entretanto, a gestão do conhecimento está viabilizando mudanças institucionais e gerando capacidade da organização para implementar soluções e promover o desenvolvimento sustentável da região semiárida no Nordeste do Brasil.(AU)