Use of cyanoacrylate-based surgical adhesives associated to the macroporous tape in skin synthesis in rats

Purpose: To compare the use of new cyanoacrylate surgical adhesive associated with macroporous tapes in cutaneous synthesis. Methods: Male Wistar rats with a longitudinal incision of 4cm were used on the back, divided into four groups: GI used octyl-cyanoacrylate (Dermabond®), GII used N-2-butylcyanoacrylate, GIII used octyl-cyanoacrylate and macroporous tape and GIV used N-2-butyl cyanoacrylate and macroporous tape. On the fourteenth day, the rats were submitted to euthanasia, were divided in two parts, and a layer of skin subcutaneous tissue through an area of operative healing was removed. One part was submitted to the study of rupture strength with the use of tensiometer, and in the other part histological examination was performed. Results: No force test was similar between groups I and II, being different from groups III and IV (P <0.001), which were identical to each other (P> 0.05). The units were compared among the studied groups, and they were different with the use of macroporous tapes (P> 0.05). Conclusions: The purpose of macroporous tapes is associated with CA adhesives in cutaneous tissues that provide more resistant scars. The use of a combination of macroporous tapes leads to complete re-epithelialization, without provoking foreign body reaction, has hemostatic properties and does not cause an absorptive reaction.(AU)

Diamond burr for the treatment of an indolent corneal ulcer in a foal

Background: Indolent corneal ulcers have been described as superficial ulcers with an associated rim of loose peripheral epithelium Treatment for indolent ulcers include debridement, grid keratotomy, multiple punctate keratotomy, third eyelid flaps, application of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives, superficial keratectomy, and a debridement with a diamond burr. Case: A 2-month-old female American Quarter Horse was referred to the Ophthalmology Veterinary Section of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, presenting epiphora and blepharospasm. A local veterinarian doctor had prescribed broad spectrum topical antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops, although there was no positive response to the treatment for the past two weeks. Ophthalmic examination reveals and moderate discomfort in the left eye, epiphora, and mild corneal edema in the area of the defect. Slit lamp biomicroscopy revealed a superficial corneal ulcer with about 6 mm. Corneal epithelium did not adhere to underlying corneal stroma. The remainder of the ophthalmic examination of the left eye was unremarkable. The diagnosis of a corneal ulcer was made based on these clinical signs and fluorescein staining of the cornea where the stain dissects under the unattached epithelial lip. A handheld battery-operated motorized diamond burr, with a 3.5 mm medium grit tip, was utilized to remove the epithelium. The medical treatment included tobramycin eye drops, and flurbiprofen sodium ophthalmic solution, being applied six times daily, after the procedure, during two weeks, and atropine sulphate 1% was applied once a day, during three days. The foal was hospitalized until healing the corneal ulcer. For two weeks, the foal was assessed daily, and, after that, follow-up visits were scheduled weekly for four months. Healing was defined as the point at which the cornea no longer retained fluorescein. […]

Diamond burr for the treatment of an indolent corneal ulcer in a foal

Background: Indolent corneal ulcers have been described as superficial ulcers with an associated rim of loose peripheral epithelium Treatment for indolent ulcers include debridement, grid keratotomy, multiple punctate keratotomy, third eyelid flaps, application of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives, superficial keratectomy, and a debridement with a diamond burr. Case: A 2-month-old female American Quarter Horse was referred to the Ophthalmology Veterinary Section of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, presenting epiphora and blepharospasm. A local veterinarian doctor had prescribed broad spectrum topical antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops, although there was no positive response to the treatment for the past two weeks. Ophthalmic examination reveals and moderate discomfort in the left eye, epiphora, and mild corneal edema in the area of the defect. Slit lamp biomicroscopy revealed a superficial corneal ulcer with about 6 mm. Corneal epithelium did not adhere to underlying corneal stroma. The remainder of the ophthalmic examination of the left eye was unremarkable. The diagnosis of a corneal ulcer was made based on these clinical signs and fluorescein staining of the cornea where the stain dissects under the unattached epithelial lip. A handheld battery-operated motorized diamond burr, with a 3.5 mm medium grit tip, was utilized to remove the epithelium. The medical treatment included tobramycin eye drops, and flurbiprofen sodium ophthalmic solution, being applied six times daily, after the procedure, during two weeks, and atropine sulphate 1% was applied once a day, during three days. The foal was hospitalized until healing the corneal ulcer. For two weeks, the foal was assessed daily, and, after that, follow-up visits were scheduled weekly for four months. Healing was defined as the point at which the cornea no longer retained fluorescein. […](AU)

Adesivos de cianoacrilato na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar à eficácia de adesivos sintéticos a base de cianoacrilato na síntese de feridas cutâneas experimentais em Rattus norvegicus (n=140). Incisões cirúrgicas de 5cm foram criadas na linha alba e aproximadas com n-2-metil-cianoacrilato (G1), n-2-etil-cianoacrilato (G2), n-2-butil-cianoacrilato (G3), n-2-octil-cianoacrilato (G4) e nylon (G5, controle). No dia 0, avaliou-se o tempo para síntese dos diferentes materiais utilizados, enquanto, nos dias 3, 7 14 e 21 do pós-operatório realizou-se a avaliação quanto à presença do adesivo, seguida de coleta de amostras para avaliação de resistência (kg/força) e presença de células inflamatórias e colágeno (escores de 0 a 4). Menor tempo de síntese e maior tempo de adesão do adesivo na ferida foram observados nos animais do G4, mediante rápido efeito de ressonância e estabilidade do n-2-octil-cianoacrilato. No D3 e D7 o G5 apresentou maior resistência, entretanto no D14 e D21 o G3 e o G4 apresentaram maior resistência. Os maiores escores de células polimorfonucleares foram observados nos animais do G5 e do G2 foram associados ao trauma durante a ancoragem do fio de sutura e da rápida degradação do n-2-etil-cianoacrilato. Houve predomínio de células mononucleares G4 (D3 e D7). Tecido de granulação foi observado em todos os momentos avaliados no G1, G2, G3, G4 e G5. Uma maior deposição de colágeno tipo III foi observada no G1, G3 e G5, sendo substituído pelo tipo I no decorrer da cicatrização. Os adesivos de cianoacrilato de cadeias carbônicas maiores deflagram uma reação inflamatória menos intensa resultando em menor de tempo de cicatrização quando comparados com adesivos de cadeia curta e com fio de nylon.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of synthetic adhesives based on cyanoacrylate in the synthesis of experimental skin wounds in Rattus norvegicus (n = 140). 5cm surgical incisions were created in the white line and approximated with n-2-methyl-cyanoacrylate (G1), n-2-ethyl-cyanoacrylate (G2), n-2-butyl-cyanoacrylate (G3), n-2-octyl -cyanoacrylate (G4) and nylon (G5, control). On day 0, the time for synthesis of the different materials used was evaluated, while on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 of the postoperative period, the presence of the adhesive was performed, followed by the collection of samples for the evaluation of resistance. (kg / force) and presence of inflammatory cells and collagen (scores from 0 to 4). Shorter synthesis time and longer adhesive adhesion time on the wound were observed in the animals of G4, due to the fast resonance effect and stability of n-2-octyl-cyanoacrylate. In D3 and D7, G5 presented greater resistance, however in D14 and D21, G3 and G4 showed greater resistance. The highest polymorphonuclear cell scores were observed in animals from G5 and G2 were associated with trauma during suture anchorage and the rapid degradation of n-2-ethyl-cyanoacrylate. There was a predominance of G4 mononuclear cells (D3 and D7). Granulation tissue was observed at all times evaluated in G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5. A greater deposition of type III collagen was observed in G1, G3 and G5, being replaced by type I during healing. Larger carbon chain cyanoacrylate adhesives trigger a less intense inflammatory reaction resulting in less healing time when compared to short chain adhesives and nylon thread.

Utilização do filme de quitosana na reparação de tendão em coelhos / Use of the film of chitosan in the repair of tendons in rabbits

Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o processo de cicatrização do tendão em coelhos, utilizando-se no grupo tratamento o filme de quitosana, por meio de uma análise clínico-cirúrgica e histológica. Foram utilizados 12 coelhos adultos, separados em grupo controle (GC) e grupo tratamento (GT), nos quais se realizou uma secção parcial do tendão gastrocnêmio de ambos os membros pélvicos. A avaliação clínica baseou-se na presença de reação inflamatória, infecção, dor e deiscência da sutura. Para a avaliação histológica, foi realizado um estudo comparativo do processo cicatricial por meio do tipo de células, da quantidade de tecido conjuntivo e da organização das fibras colágenas entre os grupos e os momentos. Nas feridas cirúrgicas, não foram observadas secreção, dor ou deiscência. Na histologia comparativa entre os grupos, o GC apresentou melhor processo cicatricial em relação ao GT, aos 60 dias. Aos 90 dias, no GT a cicatrização já esboça recuperação do tendão, com reorganização da celularidade e das fibras colágenas no tecido conjuntivo denso modelado. Concluiu-se que a quitosana estimula rápido crescimento celular, mas de forma desorganizada, e que a cicatrização completa só ocorre após 90 dias da sua implantação no tecido.(AU)

This work aimed to evaluate the process of tendon healing in rabbits, using the treatment group in chitosan film through a clinical, surgical and histological analysis. In the experiment, 12 adult rabbits were used, divided into control group (CG) and treatment group (TG), which were held in the partial section of the gastrocnemius tendon of both limbs. Clinical assessment was based on the presence of inflammation, infection, pain and suture dehiscence. For histological evaluation a comparative study of the healing process through the cell type, amount of connective tissue and collagen fiber organization was performed between groups and times. In surgical wounds no secretion, pain or dehiscence were observed. In the comparative histology between groups, the CG showed better healing compared to TG, at 60 days. On day 90 the TG already outlines tendon recovery with reorganization of cellularity and collagen fibers in the dense connective tissue modeled. It was concluded that chitosan stimulates faster cell growth, but it is haphazardly, and that complete healing occurs after 90 days of their implantation in tissue.(AU)

Ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive in skin sutures in sheep / Uso do adesivo etil-cianoacrilato em dermorrafias de ovinos

To evaluate and compare clinically and histologically the use of the ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive on repairing of skin surgical wounds, were used 7 adult sheep, clinically healthy. The animals were anaesthetized and two incisions of 5 cm on the skin were made. The skin suture was made with nylon 0, in simple separate pattern (control group) or with ethylcyanoacrylate adhesive (group treatment). The skin wounds were daily assessed until the 10th day post-operative regarding edema, secretion and dehiscence. For histological evaluation of the process, took place biopsy of both experimental wounds to 10, 20 and 30 days after surgery. The surgical procedure lasted on average 16.2 ± 1.92 minutes in the control group and 11.2 ± 2.58 minutes in the treatment group and both groups induced good healing process both macroscopically and histologically. The results showed that the ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive has good adhesion, and when employed in the synthesis of skin wounds in sheep, reduced the time of realization of the surgical procedure in 30.9%, not interfering with the scarring procedure and providing excellent aesthetic results without the need for removal the points.

Para avaliar e comparar clínica e histologicamente o uso do adesivo etil-cianoacrilato na reparação de feridas cirúrgicas de pele foram utilizados sete ovinos adultos, clinicamente sadios. Os animais foram sedados e anestesiados e realizaram-se duas incisões de cinco centímetros na pele, uma em cada fossa paralombar. A dermorrafia foi realizada com fio de náilon monofilamentar número 0, em padrão simples separado (grupo controle) ou com o adesivo de etilcianoacrilato (grupo tratamento). As feridas cutâneas foram avaliadas diariamente até o 10º dia pós-operatório quanto ao edema, secreção e deiscência. Para avaliação histológica do processo cicatricial, foram realizadas biopsias de ambas as feridas experimentais aos 10, 20 e 30 dias após a cirurgia. O procedimento cirúrgico durou em média 16,2±1,92 minutos no grupo controle e 11,2±2,58 minutos no grupo tratamento e ambos os grupos induziram bons processos cicatriciais tanto macroscopicamente como histologicamente. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o adesivo de etil-cianoacrilato possui boa adesividade e quando empregado na síntese de feridas cutâneas na região avaliada em ovinos, reduziu o tempo de realização do procedimento cirúrgico em 30,9%, não interferindo com o processo cicatricial e propiciando excelente resultado estético, sem necessidade de remoção dos pontos.

Ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive in skin sutures in sheep / Uso do adesivo etil-cianoacrilato em dermorrafias de ovinos

To evaluate and compare clinically and histologically the use of the ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive on repairing of skin surgical wounds, were used 7 adult sheep, clinically healthy. The animals were anaesthetized and two incisions of 5 cm on the skin were made. The skin suture was made with nylon 0, in simple separate pattern (control group) or with ethylcyanoacrylate adhesive (group treatment). The skin wounds were daily assessed until the 10th day post-operative regarding edema, secretion and dehiscence. For histological evaluation of the process, took place biopsy of both experimental wounds to 10, 20 and 30 days after surgery. The surgical procedure lasted on average 16.2 ± 1.92 minutes in the control group and 11.2 ± 2.58 minutes in the treatment group and both groups induced good healing process both macroscopically and histologically. The results showed that the ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive has good adhesion, and when employed in the synthesis of skin wounds in sheep, reduced the time of realization of the surgical procedure in 30.9%, not interfering with the scarring procedure and providing excellent aesthetic results without the need for removal the points.(AU)

Para avaliar e comparar clínica e histologicamente o uso do adesivo etil-cianoacrilato na reparação de feridas cirúrgicas de pele foram utilizados sete ovinos adultos, clinicamente sadios. Os animais foram sedados e anestesiados e realizaram-se duas incisões de cinco centímetros na pele, uma em cada fossa paralombar. A dermorrafia foi realizada com fio de náilon monofilamentar número 0, em padrão simples separado (grupo controle) ou com o adesivo de etilcianoacrilato (grupo tratamento). As feridas cutâneas foram avaliadas diariamente até o 10º dia pós-operatório quanto ao edema, secreção e deiscência. Para avaliação histológica do processo cicatricial, foram realizadas biopsias de ambas as feridas experimentais aos 10, 20 e 30 dias após a cirurgia. O procedimento cirúrgico durou em média 16,2±1,92 minutos no grupo controle e 11,2±2,58 minutos no grupo tratamento e ambos os grupos induziram bons processos cicatriciais tanto macroscopicamente como histologicamente. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o adesivo de etil-cianoacrilato possui boa adesividade e quando empregado na síntese de feridas cutâneas na região avaliada em ovinos, reduziu o tempo de realização do procedimento cirúrgico em 30,9%, não interferindo com o processo cicatricial e propiciando excelente resultado estético, sem necessidade de remoção dos pontos.(AU)

A new surgical technique to treat corneal perforations using amniotic membrane and surgical adhesive / Nova técnica cirúrgica para tratamento de perfuração de córnea utilizando membrana amniótica e adesivo cirúrgico

The objectives of this study were to compare surgical techniques and the effects of using n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate and bovine amniotic membrane to repair perforated lesions in corneas. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed in sixty New Zealand White rabbits under general anesthesia. Group 1 (G1) was treated with n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate, group 2 (G2) received a fragment of amniotic membrane through the anterior chamber and application of n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate over the lesion, group 3 (G3) was treated with the same technique as G2 with the addition of an amniotic membrane bandage covering the cornea and sutured in the limbus region, and group 4 (G4) was treated with an amniotic membrane sutured to the lesion and an amniotic membrane bandage sutured in the limbus region. Clinical, histological and histomorphometric examinations of the corneas were performed. The membrane acted as a barrier for aqueous humor in G2 and G3, thereby keeping the surface dry for adhesive application; it also prevented the adhesive from contacting intraocular structures. The groups treated with amniotic membrane and surgical adhesive showed better results than the groups treated with either material alone. Thus, the combination of the membrane with the adhesive is recommended for this type of lesion.(AU)

Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar técnicas cirúrgicas e efeitos do n-butil 2-cianoacrilato e da membrana amniótica bovina na reparação de lesões perfuradas em córneas. Sessenta coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branca foram submetidos à ceratoplastia penetrante sob anestesia geral. O grupo 1 (G1) foi tratado com n-butil 2-cianoacrilato; o grupo 2 (G2) recebeu um fragmento de membrana amniótica pela câmara anterior e aplicação de n-butil 2-cianoacrilato sobre a lesão; o grupo 3 (G3) foi tratado com a mesma técnica aplicada ao G2, adicionando-se uma bandagem de membrana amniótica cobrindo a córnea e suturada à região do limbo; e o grupo 4 (G4) foi tratado com membrana amniótica suturada nas bordas da lesão e bandagem de membrana amniótica suturada na região do limbo. Foram realizados exames clínico, histológico e histomorfométrico. A membrana atuou como barreira contra o extravasamento do humor aquoso nos grupos 2 e 3, manteve a superfície seca para posterior aplicação do adesivo e impediu o contato do adesivo com as estruturas intraoculares. Os grupos tratados com o adesivo associado à membrana amniótica demonstraram melhores resultados do que aqueles tratados com cada material isoladamente. Assim, a combinação da membrana com o adesivo é indicada neste tipo de lesão.(AU)

Comparative study of tissue reactivity to n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and nylon monofilament thread on pericranium-cutaneous flaps in rats

To study the repair of pericranium-cutaneous flaps fixed with suture anchored in a skull bone tunnel or N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive in Wistar rats with emphasis on the cellular inflammatory response and the production of types I and III collagen. The operated region in the cephalic region of Wistar rats was removed minutes before euthanasia, fixed in formalin, and subjected to histological preparation. Slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Picrosirius. Standardized counts of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages were performed, and the percentages of types I and III collagen were determined. Data collection occurred on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 45 postoperatively. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Quantitative analysis of the data showed more fibroblasts in the surgical adhesive group than in the nylon monofilament thread groups (p=0.0211). Qualitative analysis showed higher reactivity in the adhesive group, with a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells from days 3-45 and macrophages from days 3-7. The amount of type I collagen exceeded 80% in the treated and control groups at the end of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Subperiosteal detachment triggers a cellular inflammatory response that is amplified using soft tissue fixation methods. The adhesive n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was more reactive than the nylon monofilament thread anchored in the skull bone tunnel.(AU)

Emprego da cola de cianoacrilato em feridas cutâneas de asininos / Use of cianoacrilate glue on cutaneous wounds of donkeys

Avaliou-se o emprego do adesivo de éster de cianoacrilato na síntese de feridas cutâneas de asininos, a partir da análise do tempo de duração do procedimento cirúrgico e do processo cicatricial. Para tanto, foram utilizados cinco asininos clinicamente sadios, machos, adultos, pesando 103±8,5 kg, nos quais foi realizada uma incisão cutânea de 10 cm, em sentido dorso-ventral, na região tóraco-lateral, caudal à escápula e ventral à cernelha, em ambos os lados. Realizou-se a aproximação dos tecidos adjacentes com categute simples 2-0 e a aproximação da pele, de um lado com fio de náilon (Grupo controle) e no lado oposto com o adesivo (Grupo Tratamento). Foram realizadas, diariamente, avaliações clínicas das feridas e por meio de microscopia de luz decorridos 10, 20 e 30 dias. A cola de cianoacrilato demonstrou ser uma alternativa viável para síntese cutânea de asininos, por ter reduzido o tempo de realização do procedimento cirúrgico em 35,3% e por permitir boa coaptação dos bordos da ferida, sem interferir com o processo cicatricial.

We evaluated the use of adhesive cyanoacrylate ester in the synthesis of skin wounds of donkeys by analyzing the duration of surgery and healing process. For this, we used five clinically healthy, male donkeys, weighing 103 ± 8.5 kg, in which we performed a 10 cm skin incision in the dorsal-ventral direction, in the thoraco-lateral region, ventral to the scapula and caudal to the withers on both sides. The adjacent tissue was brought together with 2-0 simple catgut and approximation of the skin on one side with nylon (Control Group) and on the opposite side with adhesive (treatment group). We assessed the wounds daily and clinically and by light microscopy after 10, 20 and 30 days. The cyanoacrylate glue proved to be a viable alternative for cutaneous synthesis of donkeys, for reducing the time of surgical procedure in 35.3%, and for allowing a good coaptation of the edges of the wound, without interfering with the healing process.

Emprego da cola de cianoacrilato em feridas cutâneas de asininos / Use of cianoacrilate glue on cutaneous wounds of donkeys

Avaliou-se o emprego do adesivo de éster de cianoacrilato na síntese de feridas cutâneas de asininos, a partir da análise do tempo de duração do procedimento cirúrgico e do processo cicatricial. Para tanto, foram utilizados cinco asininos clinicamente sadios, machos, adultos, pesando 103±8,5 kg, nos quais foi realizada uma incisão cutânea de 10 cm, em sentido dorso-ventral, na região tóraco-lateral, caudal à escápula e ventral à cernelha, em ambos os lados. Realizou-se a aproximação dos tecidos adjacentes com categute simples 2-0 e a aproximação da pele, de um lado com fio de náilon (Grupo controle) e no lado oposto com o adesivo (Grupo Tratamento). Foram realizadas, diariamente, avaliações clínicas das feridas e por meio de microscopia de luz decorridos 10, 20 e 30 dias. A cola de cianoacrilato demonstrou ser uma alternativa viável para síntese cutânea de asininos, por ter reduzido o tempo de realização do procedimento cirúrgico em 35,3% e por permitir boa coaptação dos bordos da ferida, sem interferir com o processo cicatricial.(AU)

We evaluated the use of adhesive cyanoacrylate ester in the synthesis of skin wounds of donkeys by analyzing the duration of surgery and healing process. For this, we used five clinically healthy, male donkeys, weighing 103 ± 8.5 kg, in which we performed a 10 cm skin incision in the dorsal-ventral direction, in the thoraco-lateral region, ventral to the scapula and caudal to the withers on both sides. The adjacent tissue was brought together with 2-0 simple catgut and approximation of the skin on one side with nylon (Control Group) and on the opposite side with adhesive (treatment group). We assessed the wounds daily and clinically and by light microscopy after 10, 20 and 30 days. The cyanoacrylate glue proved to be a viable alternative for cutaneous synthesis of donkeys, for reducing the time of surgical procedure in 35.3%, and for allowing a good coaptation of the edges of the wound, without interfering with the healing process.(AU)

Experimental model for the study of soft tissue fixation methods on skin-pericranium flaps in rats

PURPOSE: To develop an experimental model to study and radiologically monitor displacement of skin flaps in the pericranium of rats subjected to traction and surgical fixation using suture anchored in a skull bone tunnel or with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (HistoacrylTM) surgical adhesive. METHODS: Radiological markers were placed in the subcutis of Wistar rats undergoing subperiosteal detachment of the pericranium with pulling and fixation of the flap. We performed radiography on postoperative days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 45. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis of the data indicated that the flaps in the surgical adhesive group remained in place with no change from the immediate postoperative position. However, the flaps in the suture anchored in the skull bone tunnel group and in the control group showed similar healing, with a loss of attachment of 9.7% and 22%, respectively, compared with the immediate postoperative position. There was no quantitative difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This experimental model created acceptable experimental conditions for testing different soft tissue fixation methods. The use of tissue fixatives contributed to better placement of pericranium-cutaneous flaps, and surgical adhesive was superior to suture anchor in the skull bone tunnel for fixation of pericranium-cutaneous flaps.(AU)

Utilization of Enbucrylate adhesive in the treatment of a corneal ulcer in a horse / Utilization of Enbucrylate adhesive in the treatment of a corneal ulcer in a horse

Background: Ulcerative keratitis is a common condition in horses, and may leading to vision loss. The high incidence of corneal ulceration in horses is a consequence of several factors, including the large, prominent, laterally positioned eyes, naturally aggressive physical activity, and ubiquitous exposure to bacterial and fungal pathogens. Many surgical techniques have been proposed for the repair of corneal perforation, including conjunctival fl aps, keratoplastic procedures, xenografts and biological grafts. In addition, cyanoacrylate adhesives may be used for the treatment of corneal ulcers up to 3 mm in diameter. Cyanoacrylate adhesives have been used to treat small partial corneal lacerations, descemetoceles, deep stromal corneal ulcers, and recurrent corneal erosions, in both human and veterinary ophthalmology. These adhesives allow not only corneal re-epithelialization, with complete sloughing of the glue, but also negative fluorescein retention. In this report, we describe a case of a deep corneal ulcer in a horse that was treated successfully with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive.Case: A two-month-old female Quarter Horse was referred to the Ophthalmology Section of the Veterinary Clinics Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, presenting a deep corneal ulcer. The ophthalmic examination revealed ocular discomfort, epiph

Background: Ulcerative keratitis is a common condition in horses, and may leading to vision loss. The high incidence of corneal ulceration in horses is a consequence of several factors, including the large, prominent, laterally positioned eyes, naturally aggressive physical activity, and ubiquitous exposure to bacterial and fungal pathogens. Many surgical techniques have been proposed for the repair of corneal perforation, including conjunctival fl aps, keratoplastic procedures, xenografts and biological grafts. In addition, cyanoacrylate adhesives may be used for the treatment of corneal ulcers up to 3 mm in diameter. Cyanoacrylate adhesives have been used to treat small partial corneal lacerations, descemetoceles, deep stromal corneal ulcers, and recurrent corneal erosions, in both human and veterinary ophthalmology. These adhesives allow not only corneal re-epithelialization, with complete sloughing of the glue, but also negative fluorescein retention. In this report, we describe a case of a deep corneal ulcer in a horse that was treated successfully with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive.Case: A two-month-old female Quarter Horse was referred to the Ophthalmology Section of the Veterinary Clinics Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, presenting a deep corneal ulcer. The ophthalmic examination revealed ocular discomfort, epiph

Utilization of enbucrylate adhesive in the treatment of a corneal ulcer in a horse

Background: Ulcerative keratitis is a common condition in horses, and may leading to vision loss. The high incidence of corneal ulceration in horses is a consequence of several factors, including the large, prominent, laterally positioned eyes, naturally aggressive physical activity, and ubiquitous exposure to bacterial and fungal pathogens. Many surgical techniques have been proposed for the repair of corneal perforation, including conjunctival flaps, keratoplastic procedures, xenografts and biological grafts. In addition, cyanoacrylate adhesives may be used for the treatment of corneal ulcers up to 3 mm in diameter. Cyanoacrylate adhesives have been used to treat small partial corneal lacerations, descemetoceles, deep stromal corneal ulcers, and recurrent corneal erosions, in both human and veterinary ophthalmology. These adhesives allow not only corneal re-epithelialization, with complete sloughing of the glue, but also negative fluorescein retention. In this report, we describe a case of a deep corneal ulcer in a horse that was treated successfully with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. Case: A two-month-old female Quarter Horse was referred to the Ophthalmology Section of the Veterinary Clinics Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, presenting a deep corneal ulcer. The ophthalmic examination revealed ocular discomfort, epiphora, conjunctival hyperemia and a corneal ulcer measuring 3 mm in the left eye of the animal. Surgical repair was performed using an n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. The patient allowed the procedure to be carried out under topical anesthesia alone. The postoperative treatment involved broadspectrum antibiotic (ciprofl oxacin chloridrate 0.35%) and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory solution (sodium diclofenac 0.1%), administered six times a day for two weeks. In addition, atropine sulphate 1% was applied once a day for five days to induce pupillary dilation. After three weeks of follow-up, the cyanoacrylate adhesive became dislodged from the corneal bed. A fluorescein test was carried out to evaluate the presence of the corneal defect and there was no evidence of the ulcer. The time required for total resolution of the vascularization, which typically leaves a small leukoma, was six weeks. Discussion: The objectives of the treatment included prevention of structural loss, which would compromise globe integrity, resolution of any underlying causes and contributory infectious diseases, improving the patient's comfort by minimizing the development of scar tissue, and maximizing corneal clarity. Although many corneal ulcers are superficial and may heal quickly, a progressive or deep ulcer requires more aggressive therapy. In general, corneal ulcers that involve one-half to two-thirds of the depth of the corneal stroma should be repaired surgically because of the risk of perforation. However, the application of cyanoacrylate adhesives aids corneal healing, by establishing an artificial barrier against polymorphonuclear leucocytes and their enzymes, decreasing stromal melting, and having a bacteriostatic effect on Gram-positive organisms. The choice of surgical method was based on the fact that the adhesive can be applied with topical anesthesia, in its indication for deep ulcers up to 3 mm in diameter, and its advantages in the re-epithelization of the cornea in humans and other animals. In the present case, the use of n-2-butyl-cyanioacrylate offered an effective alternative for the management of a deep corneal defect.

Comparative study of suture and in skin closure of rats / Estudo comparativo entre sutura e cianoacrilatos no fechamento de pele de ratos

PURPOSE: To compare the biocompatibility of ethyl-cyanoacrylate (ECA) and octylcyanoacrylate (OCA) wound closures to sutures in rat skin. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were subjected to three incisions which were closed using ECA, OCA or sutures . Rats were divided into four groups which received biopsies on the 3rd, 7th, 14th or 21st post-operative days. Necrosis, inflammation, dermatitis, infection, dehiscence, cicatricial enlargement and costs were examined; the histopathology evaluated was epithelialization, deep openings, foreign substance reaction, residues of synthesis material, fibrosis, inflammation, dehiscence and necrosis. RESULTS: The tissue adhesives presented the largest dehiscence levels, and ECA the lowest cost while the other measures were similar. Regarding histopathology, deep openings were more common with OCA and granulomas were most frequently obtained with ECA. The two tissue adhesives produces less inflammation than the inicial suture from post-operative day 7, while ECA and OCA cause similar inflammatory reactions. ECA did not differ significantly from OCA and sutures on other measures. CONCLUSION: ECA was well tolerated in this study and did not induce necrosis, allergic reactions or infections, presenting several advantages in relation to OCA and sutures, including lower costs and fewer complications.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Investigar a biocompatibilidade do etil-cianoacrilato (ECA) em fechamento de pele em ratos comparativamente ao octil-cianoacrilato (OCA) e à sutura. MÉTODOS: Rattus norvegicus albinus (n=24) foram submetidos a três incisões, cada uma fechada por um dos métodos de síntese estudados. Quatro grupos (n=6) foram feitos, conforme o dia pós-operatório (DPO) em que foram eutanasiados: 3DPO, 7DPO,14DPO e 21DPO. Necrose, edema, eritema, dermatite, infecção, deiscência, alargamento cicatricial e custos foram os itens examinados; histopatologicamente avaliou-se epitelização, abertura profunda, reação de corpo estranho, resíduos de material de síntese, fibrose, reação inflamatória, deiscência e necrose. RESULTADOS: Os adesivos apresentaram os maiores níveis de deiscências, e o ECA o custo mais baixo; nos demais itens, não houve diferenças. Histopatologia: A abertura profunda foi mais comum com o OCA; ECA foi o material mais encontrado em granulomas; os adesivos foram mais brandos que a sutura a partir do 7º DPO no quesito inflamação, enquanto que o ECA causou uma reação similar ao OCA; nos outros itens, ECA não apresentou diferença importante em relação ao OCA e à sutura. CONCLUSÃO: O ECA foi bem tolerado neste grupo de estudo, sem induzir necrose, reações alérgicas e infecção, apresentando diversas vantagens de uso em relação ao OCA e à sutura.(AU)

Comparative study of suture and in skin closure of rats / Estudo comparativo entre sutura e cianoacrilatos no fechamento de pele de ratos

PURPOSE: To compare the biocompatibility of ethyl-cyanoacrylate (ECA) and octylcyanoacrylate (OCA) wound closures to sutures in rat skin. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were subjected to three incisions which were closed using ECA, OCA or sutures . Rats were divided into four groups which received biopsies on the 3rd, 7th, 14th or 21st post-operative days. Necrosis, inflammation, dermatitis, infection, dehiscence, cicatricial enlargement and costs were examined; the histopathology evaluated was epithelialization, deep openings, foreign substance reaction, residues of synthesis material, fibrosis, inflammation, dehiscence and necrosis. RESULTS: The tissue adhesives presented the largest dehiscence levels, and ECA the lowest cost while the other measures were similar. Regarding histopathology, deep openings were more common with OCA and granulomas were most frequently obtained with ECA. The two tissue adhesives produces less inflammation than the inicial suture from post-operative day 7, while ECA and OCA cause similar inflammatory reactions. ECA did not differ significantly from OCA and sutures on other measures. CONCLUSION: ECA was well tolerated in this study and did not induce necrosis, allergic reactions or infections, presenting several advantages in relation to OCA and sutures, including lower costs and fewer complications.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a biocompatibilidade do etil-cianoacrilato (ECA) em fechamento de pele em ratos comparativamente ao octil-cianoacrilato (OCA) e à sutura. MÉTODOS: Rattus norvegicus albinus (n=24) foram submetidos a três incisões, cada uma fechada por um dos métodos de síntese estudados. Quatro grupos (n=6) foram feitos, conforme o dia pós-operatório (DPO) em que foram eutanasiados: 3DPO, 7DPO,14DPO e 21DPO. Necrose, edema, eritema, dermatite, infecção, deiscência, alargamento cicatricial e custos foram os itens examinados; histopatologicamente avaliou-se epitelização, abertura profunda, reação de corpo estranho, resíduos de material de síntese, fibrose, reação inflamatória, deiscência e necrose. RESULTADOS: Os adesivos apresentaram os maiores níveis de deiscências, e o ECA o custo mais baixo; nos demais itens, não houve diferenças. Histopatologia: A abertura profunda foi mais comum com o OCA; ECA foi o material mais encontrado em granulomas; os adesivos foram mais brandos que a sutura a partir do 7º DPO no quesito inflamação, enquanto que o ECA causou uma reação similar ao OCA; nos outros itens, ECA não apresentou diferença importante em relação ao OCA e à sutura. CONCLUSÃO: O ECA foi bem tolerado neste grupo de estudo, sem induzir necrose, reações alérgicas e infecção, apresentando diversas vantagens de uso em relação ao OCA e à sutura.

Análise biomecânica da aderência de diferentes sistemas adesivos ao estrato córneo queratinizado do bico de tucanos-toco (Ramphastos toco) / Biomechanical analysis of the adherence of different adhesive systems to the keratinized horny stratum of toucan beak (Ramphastos toco)

Objetivou-se estudar a relação biomecânica da aderência de sistemas adesivos sobre o estrato córneo do bico de tucanos-toco (Ramphastos toco), por meio de nove diferentes tipos de adesivos, em áreas pré-estabelecidas de 16,0 mm. Cada sistema foi biomecanicamente testado três vezes, totalizando 27 ensaios biomecânicos. Os ensaios consistiram na análise das forças perpendiculares necessárias para descolar os variados tipos de resina. Após cada ensaio biomecânico, a superfície dos bicos era avaliada em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), que permitiu mensurar a quantidade de resina remanescente e o eventual rompimento das camadas superficiais de queratina. Os resultados obtidos até a completa ruptura da amostra foram, em média: 2,48 N com o uso de cimento resinoso; 23, 80 N com o uso de cianocrilato cirúrgico; 26,17 N com o uso de prime e bond fotoativado combinado com cimento resinoso; 48,75 N com o uso de resina composta nanoparticulada; 53,86 N com o uso de metil-metacrilato; 55,56 N com o uso de prime e bond fotoativado combinado com resina composta nanoparticulada; 61,11 N com o uso combinado de cianocrilato cirúrgico e metil-metacrilato; 104, 21 N com o uso de prime e bond quimicamente ativado combinado com resina composta nanoparticulada; e 110,48 N com o uso de prime e bond quimicamente ativado combinado com cimento resinoso. Estes últimos, estatisticamente mais eficientes. Microscopicamente observou-se que o uso de prime e bond quimicamente ativado combinado com resina composta nanoparticulada e com o uso de prime e bond quimicamente ativado combinado com cimento resinoso, apontou efetiva aderência a ponto de extrair as camadas superficiais das camadas de queratina após os ensaios, cuja maior aderência atribuiu-se à micro-retentividade do material adesivo às camadas de queratina, obtida pelo uso de primer e bond quimicamente ativados. Concluí-se que os sistemas de prime e bond quimicamente ativado combinado com resina composta nanoparticulada e cimento resinoso apresentam melhor propriedades de aderência e, portanto, indicação clínico-cirúrgica na confecção de próteses e no reparo de bicos de tucano-toco (Ramphastos toco)

The objective was to study the biomechanics of the adherence of adhesive systems to the horny stratum of the toucan beak (Ramphastos toco). Nine different types of adhesives were used, in pre-established areas of 16,0 mm. Each system was studied three times, totaling twenty-seven biomechanical essays. The essays consisted of the analysis of the necessary perpendicular forces to remove the adhesives. After each essay, the surface of the beaks was evaluated in electronic microscopy (MEV), which allowed to measure the amount of remaining resin and eventual breaking of the superficial layers of keratin. The results obtained until complete rupture of the sample were, on average: 2,48 N with the use of resinous cement; 23, 80 N with the use of surgical cyanocrylate; 26,17 N with the use of photoactived primer and bond combined with resinous cement; 48,75 N with the use of composite nanoresin; 53,86 N with the use of methyl-metacrylate; 55,56 N with the use of photoactived primer and bond combined with composite nanoresin; 61,11 N with the combined use of surgical cyanocrylate and methyl-metacrylate; 104, 21 N with the use of primer and bond chemically activated combined with composite nanoresin; and 110,48 N with the use primer and bond chemically activated combined with resinous cement. The microscopy evidenced that the use of primer and bond chemically activated combined with composite nanoresin and resinous cement, showed effective adherence to the point of extracting the superficial layers from the keratin layers after the essays. The largest adherence is attributed to the micro-retentivity of the adhesive material to the keratin layers, obtained by the use of primer and bond chemically activated. It was concluded that the systems of primer and bond chemically activated combined with resin and resinous cement present better properties of adherence and, therefore, clinical-surgical indication in the prostheses construction and in beak repair of toucans (Ramphastos toco)

Medial meniscus transplantation using cyanoacrylate in rabbits / Transplante de menisco medial utilizando cianoacrilato em coelhos

OBJETIVO: Avaliar macroscópica e histologicamente o transplante meniscal, utilizando-se a cola sintética derivada do ácido cianoacrilato como método de fixação. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 20 coelhos, tendo 10 realizado transplante autólogo e 10, homólogo. Para o transplante autólogo, o menisco foi retirado e em seguida transplantado no mesmo animal, sendo fixado com a cola sintética. Para o transplante homólogo o estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: 1- retirada do menisco e manutenção a uma temperatura de 73ºC negativos. 2- Utilização do adesivo cirúrgico derivado do ácido cianoacrilato para reimplantar num coelho diferente 30 dias após o congelamento. RESULTADOS: Devido às complicações foi necessário antecipar as eutanásias para o 15º dia do grupo homólogo e 18º para o grupo autólogo. Macroscopicamente, os joelhos submetidos aos transplantes apresentavam secreções esbranquiçadas desde a incisão cirúrgica até planos profundos. Histologicamente, necrose estava presente em ambos os grupos. A análise estatística mostrou que as complicações leves (p=0,043) e moderadas (p=0,001) surgiram de forma significantemente mais precoce no grupo homólogo, sendo, também, a eutanásia realizada mais precocemente neste grupo (p=0,005). CONCLUSÃO: Os adesivos cirúrgicos sintéticos, derivados do ácido cianoacrilato, provocaram necrose desde a cortical até a medular óssea para ambos os grupos.(AU)

PURPOSE: To evaluate meniscal transplantation using as fixation method a synthetic glue derived from cyanoacrylate acid.METHODS: Twenty rabbits were used, of which 10 for autologous transplantation and 10 for homologous transplantation. For the autologous transplantation the meniscus was removed, and then transplanted in the same animal, using the synthetic glue. For the homologous transplantation, the study was divided into two stages: 1- Removal of the meniscus which was maintained at a temperature of 73ºC. 2- Use of cyanoacrylate acid-derived surgical adhesive for meniscal retransplantation in a different rabbit 30 days after the transplant.RESULTS: Due to complications, euthanasia had to be anticipated to the 15th day in the homologous group and to the 18th day in the autologous group. Macroscopically, knees submitted to transplantation presented whitish secretions from the surgical incision up to deep planes. Necrosis was observed in both groups. Statistical analysis has shown that mild (p=0.043) and moderate (p=0.001) complications emerged in a significantly earlier way in the homologous group, where euthanasia was also performed earlier (p=0,005).CONCLUSION: Synthetic surgical adhesives derived from cyanoacrylate acid promoted cortical to medullary bone necrosis bone in both groups.(AU)

Aplicação do adesivo sintético embucrilato (Hystoacril®) na reparação de úlceras profundas da córnea. Estudo experimental em cães (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758) / Use of the synthetic adhesive enbucrilate (Hystoacril®) in the repair of deep corneal ulcers. Experimental study in dogs (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758)

O presente trabalho consistiu na aplicação do adesivo sintético embucrilato em córneas experimentalmente preparadas através da realização de ceratectomias lamelares, de profundidade e tamanho padronizados. Foram utilizados 21 cães, cujas córneas receberam o adesivo, os quais foram divididos em 6 grupos experimentais e 1 grupo controle, cada um com 3 animais, que foram submetidos a períodos variados de acompanhamento pós-operatório, a saber: 1; 3; 7; 15; 30 e 60 dias. Ao final de cada período, as córneas foram coletadas e mantidas em formalina tamponada. As avaliações consistiram na determinação da evolução clínica e estudo histopatológico de todos os olhos operados. Os resultados revelaram reação inflamatória ao adesivo sintético quando comparado com o grupo controle. Por outro lado, o adesivo mostrou-se estável, mantendo-se presente na área aplicada por um período médio de 20 dias. De acordo com os resultados, concluiu-se que os adesivos são de grande utilidade no reparo das lesões da córnea, fato este comprovado pela estabilidade do tecido corneano em relação ao material proposto, facilidade e custo de aplicação.(AU)

This study consisted in the application of a synthetic adhesive in corneasprepared on trials of size and deepness standard superficial keratectomies.Twenty one dogs were used, whose corneas received the adhesive instudy. The animals were divided in 6 experimental groups and one controlgroup, each one with three animals, which were followed up by differentperiods post-operative, as follow: 1; 3; 7; 15; 30 and 60 days. At the endof each period, the corneas were collected and kept in tamponade formalin.Clinical and histopathological evaluation showed inflammatory reactionto the synthetic adhesive as compared to the control group. The syntheticadhesive remained for 20 days. It was concluded that adhesives are usefulfor the repair of corneal lesions, as confirmed by the corneal tissue stability. (AU)