Group-training of rams at puberty for artificial vagina-mediated semen collection and its influence on semen quality and sexual behavior

There is a paucity of information with respect to group-training for artificial vagina and its influence on semen characteristics and sexual behavior of young untrained rams. A total of 18 healthy Najdi rams (with an initial body weight of 40-45 Kg and 7-8 month-old) were consequently used herein to test the usefulness of group-training for artificial vagina-mediated semen collection during the breeding season. Rams were randomly segregated into three groups (n = 6 rams per protocol), and the whole experiment was lasted for 10 weeks. The 1st group was subjected to a training protocol where one untrained ram was placed for 20 min with a teaser ewe, while the 2nd group were subjected to a protocol where one untrained ram was placed for 20 min with one trained ram and a teaser ewe, whereas the 3rd group were subjected to a protocol where three untrained rams were placed for 20 min with one trained ram and a teaser ewe. The obtained results clearly (P < 0.05) showed that training young rams in group has increased their sperm concentration and sexual stimulation, shortened the period of their training time, and descriptively had a complete training efficiency. The sexual stimulation of young untrained rams was intensified by the competition between rams in the co-presence of a trained ram. Collectively, these data may suggest that group-training of rams at puberty is a better protocol for AV-mediated semen collection compared to individual training. Some shortcomings were noted herein, but research dealing with this subject may very well improve the reproductive performance of young untrained rams.(AU)

The effect of Gonadotropin releasing hormone administration on fertility and embryonic loss in goats during the anoestrus period

Following the induction of oestrus out of season in small ruminants, low fertility and variations in fertility rates are associated with embryonic losses. One of the main causes of embryonic loss is luteal dysfunction. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) supports the luteal structure, and increasing progesterone levels may be beneficial in terms of promoting embryonic life. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of GnRH administration following an oestrus induction protocol in the anoestrus season for preventing embryonic loss in goats having failure to conceive during the season. In the study, 106 Damascus goats aged 3-5 years and weighing 45-60 kg were used. The oestrus of 106 goats in the anoestrous group was stimulated with progesterone and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) treatment. Out of breeding season, goats were divided into the 4 following groups: GnRH0 (n = 27), GnRH7 (n = 26), GnRH0+7 (n = 27) and control (n = 26). In each goat, an intravaginal sponge (IS) containing 20 mg of fluorogestone acetate (FGA) was placed into the vagina and left for 9 days. With the withdrawal of the sponge, 550IU PMSG and 125 µg of d-cloprostenol were injected intramuscularly. Oestrus detection was made via teaser bucks for 3 days starting 24 h after withdrawal of the IS. Eighteen bucks known to be fertile were used for breeding. Goats in the oestrus period were mated via natural breeding. The GnRH analogue lecirelin was injected intramuscularly at breeding in the GnRH0 group, on day 7 post-breeding in the GnRH7 group, and both at breeding and on day 7 post-breeding in the GnRH0+7 group. No injections were given to the control group. Blood samples for progesterone measurement were taken by jugular vena puncturing on days 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19 after breeding from 10 randomly chosen goats in all groups. The goats with a level of > 3.5 ng/mL of progesterone on day 21 post-breeding were evaluated as pregnant. Pregnancy was also viewed on day 50 after breeding by real-time ultrasonography (USG) with a 5-7.5 MHz convex probe. The oestrus rate was 96.23% (102/106) in the goats. The rates of onset of oestrus between 36-48 h, 48-60 h and 60 h and beyond were 38.7% (41/106), 21.7% (23/106) and 35.8% (38/106), respectively. The total pregnancy rate was 35.8% (38/106). There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) found for the pregnancy rate, embryonic death rate or progesterone concentration of the groups. However, serum progesterone levels were statistically different in the GnRH7 group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). After synchronisation, various anti-luteolytic strategies can be used to support corpus luteum development and elevate progesterone concentration in the luteal phase to decrease embryonic loss and increase reproductive performance. Therefore, application of GnRH to support the luteal structure and to increase progesterone levels may be beneficial in terms of supporting embryonic life. The results showed that GnRH treatment on the day 7 post-breeding following oestrus induction, including FGA and PMSG, can increase serum progesterone levels in Damascus goats in the anoestrus period. However, following oestrus induction in the anoestrus period, it was seen that GnRH treatment at breeding or on day 7 after breeding did not have any positive effect on embryonic loss or reproductive performance. In conclusion, it was considered that this protocol could be implemented successfully, yielding a 35% pregnancy rate in Damascus goats in the anoestrus period, but embryonic loss must be deeply studied in detail.(AU)

Evaluation of teaser buffaloes subjected to surgical technique for fixation of the caudal curvature of the sigmoid flexure with myectomy of the penis retractor muscle / Avaliação de rufiões bubalinos submetidos à técnica cirúrgica de fixação da curvatura caudal da flexura sigmóide com miectomia do músculo retrator do pênis

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency technique of fixation of the caudal curvature of the sigmoid flexure with myectomy of the penis retractor muscle and the performance of teaser bulls after surgery, through the detection of females in estrus, without performing the copulation. 12 teaser buffaloes were used without defined breed, with an average age of 20 months, weighing on average 200 kg. The animals were subjected to food and water fasting for 12 hours to provide tranquilization in advance. The surgical procedure consisted of the exteriorization of the sigmoid flexure, myectomy of  penis retractor muscle and fixation of the caudal curvature of the penis sigmoid flexure. Of the 12 evaluated teaser buffaloes in the libido test, 100% performed  the  flehmen reflex, mount attempt, incomplete and complete jump  with total inability of  the penis exposure.    It was concluded that this technique can be used safely, having  simplicity in its execution, effective results and mainly low cost, not interfering in the animals libido. The animals when tested as teaser buffaloes kept the libido during the experimental period with total inability of exposure of the penis.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a técnica de fixação da curvatura caudal da flexura sigmóide com miectomia do músculo retratordo pênis e o desempenho de rufiões bubalinos após cirurgia, através da detecção de fêmeas em estro, sem executar a cópula. Foram utilizados 12 bubalinos sem raça definida, com idade média de 20 meses, pesando em média 200 kg. Os animais foram submetidos ajejum alimentar e hídrico de 12 horas para tranquilização prévia. O procedimento cirúrgico constou naexteriorização da flexura sigmóide, miectomia do músculo retrator do pênis e fixação da curvatura caudal da flexura sigmóide do pênis. Dos 12 rufiões avaliados no teste de libido, 100% realizaram reflexode flehmen, tentativa de monta, salto incompleto e completo com total incapacidade de exposição do pênis. Conclui-se que esta técnica pode ser utilizada com segurança, apresentando simplicidade na sua execução, eficácia nos resultados e principalmente baixo custo, não interferindo na libidodos animais. Os animais quando testados como rufiões mantiveram a libido durante o período experimental com total incapacidade de exposição do pênis.

Evaluation of teaser buffaloes subjected to surgical technique for fixation of the caudal curvature of the sigmoid flexure with myectomy of the penis retractor muscle / Avaliação de rufiões bubalinos submetidos à técnica cirúrgica de fixação da curvatura caudal da flexura sigmóide com miectomia do músculo retrator do pênis

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency technique of fixation of the caudal curvature of the sigmoid flexure with myectomy of the penis retractor muscle and the performance of teaser bulls after surgery, through the detection of females in estrus, without performing the copulation. 12 teaser buffaloes were used without defined breed, with an average age of 20 months, weighing on average 200 kg. The animals were subjected to food and water fasting for 12 hours to provide tranquilization in advance. The surgical procedure consisted of the exteriorization of the sigmoid flexure, myectomy of  penis retractor muscle and fixation of the caudal curvature of the penis sigmoid flexure. Of the 12 evaluated teaser buffaloes in the libido test, 100% performed  the  flehmen reflex, mount attempt, incomplete and complete jump  with total inability of  the penis exposure.    It was concluded that this technique can be used safely, having  simplicity in its execution, effective results and mainly low cost, not interfering in the animals libido. The animals when tested as teaser buffaloes kept the libido during the experimental period with total inability of exposure of the penis.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a técnica de fixação da curvatura caudal da flexura sigmóide com miectomia do músculo retratordo pênis e o desempenho de rufiões bubalinos após cirurgia, através da detecção de fêmeas em estro, sem executar a cópula. Foram utilizados 12 bubalinos sem raça definida, com idade média de 20 meses, pesando em média 200 kg. Os animais foram submetidos ajejum alimentar e hídrico de 12 horas para tranquilização prévia. O procedimento cirúrgico constou naexteriorização da flexura sigmóide, miectomia do músculo retrator do pênis e fixação da curvatura caudal da flexura sigmóide do pênis. Dos 12 rufiões avaliados no teste de libido, 100% realizaram reflexode flehmen, tentativa de monta, salto incompleto e completo com total incapacidade de exposição do pênis. Conclui-se que esta técnica pode ser utilizada com segurança, apresentando simplicidade na sua execução, eficácia nos resultados e principalmente baixo custo, não interferindo na libidodos animais. Os animais quando testados como rufiões mantiveram a libido durante o período experimental com total incapacidade de exposição do pênis.(AU)

Técnicas reversíveis de rufião em ovinos (Ovis aires) / Reversible techniques of ruffian in sheep (Ovis aires)

Background: The use of teaser rams is an essential practice for detecting estrus in ewes as well as for accelerating puberty and synchronizing ovulation in the animal. There are several methods for preparing teasers, and the method used should be based on an assessment of the producer’s requirements. The ideal technique should be low cost and safe, ensuring the non-fertilization of ewes. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of two reversible teaser preparation techniques using a reversible plastic clamp. The techniques were compared in terms of functionality, possible post-surgical complications, and hematological changes of the rams as well as durability and reversibility. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve healthy rams, aged 14-20 months, were divided into two groups (G1 and G2). Blood samples were collected through the jugular vein to perform the following analyses: blood count, total plasma protein, and fibrinogen. Following local infiltrative anesthesia with 5.0 mL 2% lidocaine without vasoconstrictor, the procedure was performed as follows: in G1, the preputial ostium was partially closed, and in G2, sigmoid flexure was performed in the cranial region, approximately 5-8 cm immediately caudal to the scrotal sac. In the postoperative period, 20 mg/kg oxytetracycline and 2.2 mg/kg flunixinmeglumine were intramuscularly administered as a single dose. The wounds were dressed, sprayed with repellent, and allowed to heal for seven days. The procedures in both groups were simple to perform, low cost, and low risk; caused minimal tissue injury; enabled rapid recovery; promoted little or no stress to the animals; are reversible; and left no complications. The animals of both groups satisfactorily identified the females in estrus during the three-month experimental period, maintained libido, and failed to mate with any female. The blood count levels...

Effect of timing of artificial insemination in relation to onset of standing estrus on pregnancy per AI in Nili-Ravi buffalo

The aim of the present study was to determine the optimum time of artificial insemination after the beginning of standing estrus in buffalo. Nili-Ravi buffalo (n = 109) during breeding season were exposed to teaser bull at 12 hours interval to determine the standing heat (0 h). Buffalo were randomly allocated to different time groups and a single artificial insemination was performed either at 0 h (n = 30), 12 h (n = 27), 24 h (n = 28) or 36 h (n = 24). In a subset of buffalo (n = 38) ultrasonography was performed, twice daily from 0 h (onset of standing heat) to determine the time of ovulation. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 35-40 days after AI. Results revealed that mean time of ovulation from onset of standing heat was 34.7 ± 0.96 h (range 30 to 42 h). Higher (P < 0.05) pregnancy per AI were achieved in buffalo when inseminated at 24 h (15/28; 53%) compared to 0 h (8/30; 26%) and 36 h (3/24; 13%). Pregnancy per AI, was in-between, in buffalo, inseminated at 12 h (10/27; 37%) and did not differ (P > 0.05) with those bred either at 24 h or 0 h. The odds ratio further confirmed that the occurrence of pregnancy per AI was two times higher in buffalo inseminated at 24 h as compared to those at 12 h. It is concluded that optimal pregnancy per AI can be achieved when buffalo are bred artificially 24 h after the onset of standing heat.(AU)

Effect of timing of artificial insemination in relation to onset of standing estrus on pregnancy per AI in Nili-Ravi buffalo

The aim of the present study was to determine the optimum time of artificial insemination after the beginning of standing estrus in buffalo. Nili-Ravi buffalo (n = 109) during breeding season were exposed to teaser bull at 12 hours interval to determine the standing heat (0 h). Buffalo were randomly allocated to different time groups and a single artificial insemination was performed either at 0 h (n = 30), 12 h (n = 27), 24 h (n = 28) or 36 h (n = 24). In a subset of buffalo (n = 38) ultrasonography was performed, twice daily from 0 h (onset of standing heat) to determine the time of ovulation. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 35-40 days after AI. Results revealed that mean time of ovulation from onset of standing heat was 34.7 ± 0.96 h (range 30 to 42 h). Higher (P 0.05) with those bred either at 24 h or 0 h. The odds ratio further confirmed that the occurrence of pregnancy per AI was two times higher in buffalo inseminated at 24 h as compared to those at 12 h. It is concluded that optimal pregnancy per AI can be achieved when buffalo are bred artificially 24 h after the onset of standing heat.

Fixed-time artificial insemination in dairy ewes raised in field conditions in Argentina / Inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em ovelhas leiteiras criadas extensivamente na Argentina

Modern systems of sheep production are directed towards intensification, being in this line theadoption of artificial insemination. The objective was to compare two protocols of fixed-time artificialinsemination (FTAI) in dairy ewes managed under field conditions in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Twentyfour two-tooth Milchschaf x Texel ewes, aging 18 months, were synchronized with intravaginal sponges plus300 IU eCG and cervically inseminated with fresh semen either once at 54 h (Group A) or twice at 48 and 60 h(Group B) after sponge removal. Additionally, a second experiment was performed to detect the estrus onset;thus, 23 Milchschaf x Texel ewes were synchronized as previously described and estrus was detected at 6-hintervals by teaser rams. The pregnancy rate was higher in B than in A (B: 50.0% vs. A: 9.1%; P < 0.05). In thegroup exposed to teasers, 91.3% of the ewes came into estrus from 24 to 36 h after sponge removal, with aninterval to estrus averaging 30.6  1.0 h. Based on both type of mucus mostly observed and data of estrusoutcome, it could be suggested that the difference in effectiveness between protocols would be related to anearlier rather than to a double insemination. In conclusion, this study provides information on the application ofFTAI in dairy ewes reared rangeland in Argentina.

Sistemas modernos de produção de ovinos são direcionados para a intensificação, sendo nesta linhaa adoção da inseminação artificial. O objetivo foi comparar dois protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempofixo (IATF) em ovelhas leiteiras criadas em condições de campo na provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Vintee quatro ovelhas Milchschaf x Texel com “pinças permanentes”, de 18 meses de idade, foram sincronizadas comesponjas intravaginais e 300 UI de eCG e inseminadas por via cervical com sêmen fresco. As IATF foramrealizadas uma vez às 54 h (Grupo A) ou duas vezes às 48 e 60 h (Grupo B) após a retirada da esponja. Foirealizado um segundo experimento com 23 ovelhas Milchschaf x Texel, as quais foram sincronizadas comodescrito anteriormente e seus estros foram detectados em intervalos de 6 h por rufiões. A taxa de prenhez foimaior em B do que em A (B: 50,0% vs A: 9,1%; P < 0,05). No grupo exposto a rufiões, 91,3% das ovelhasentraram em estro 24-36 h após a retirada da esponja, com um intervalo médio ao estro de 30,61,0 h. Com baseno tipo de muco mais freqüentemente observado e nos resultados da apresentação de estro, pode ser sugerido quea diferença na eficácia entre protocolos estaria mais relacionada com a precocidade do estro em relação aostempos pré-estabelecidos para as inseminações do que propriamente o número de inseminações. Em conclusão,este estudo oferece informação sobre a aplicação da IATF em ovelhas leiteiras criadas nas pastagens daArgentina.

Use of FSH: LH as an alternative to stimulate follicular growth in sheep estrus synchronization / Utilização de FSH: LH como alternativa para estimular o crescimento folicular na sincronização do estro ovino

Background: Estrus synchronization is extensively applied in reproductive management of sheep world-wide. The use ofequine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in estrus synchronization protocols in sheep is well established. However, development of anti-eCG antibodies after repeated synchronizations results in poor synchronization and, eventually, in reducedfertility and lambing rates, especially when fixed time AI is applied. Works using FSH in estrus synchronization have beenscarce to date. So, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of different follicular growth promoters(FSH:LH and eCG) on estrus synchronization and ovulation in sheep.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty four ewes were submitted to estrus synchronization with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) intravaginal devices for 12 days and a single i.m. treatment of either eCG (Group 300eCG, 300 UI, n = 11) orFSH:LH (Group 20FSH:LH, 20 UI, n = 11; Group 40FSH:LH, 40 UI, n = 11; Group G20/20FSH:LH, 40 UI divided intotwo doses injected 12 h before removal device time and at the exact removal time, n = 11) at the time of device removal.At the sponge removal, ewes were exposed to a teaser and estrus was monitored at 4-h intervals until all females showedthe clinical estrus. After 12 hours of estrus onset, ultrassonografic exams were performed to record ovarian response.Besides, blood samples were collected for progesterone (P4) measurements. Statistical analyses were performed usingANOVA and means were compared by Duncan test. Kurskal-Wallis test was used for corpus luteum and progesteronecomparison, considering a 5% significance level. There was no difference (P > 0.05) on the time of estrus (46.3 ± 11.8;52.4 ± 10.7; 53.0 ± 7.2; 51.8 ± 7.1) or ovulation (80.4 ± 17.3; 86.9 ± 11.0; 95.3 ± 6.1; 85.0 ± 5.7) among the 300eCG,20FSH:LH, 40FSH:LH, 20/20FSH:LH groups, respectively. It was noticed, however, that there has been a variation in the...

Fixed-time artificial insemination in dairy ewes raised in field conditions in Argentina / Inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em ovelhas leiteiras criadas extensivamente na Argentina

Modern systems of sheep production are directed towards intensification, being in this line theadoption of artificial insemination. The objective was to compare two protocols of fixed-time artificialinsemination (FTAI) in dairy ewes managed under field conditions in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Twentyfour two-tooth Milchschaf x Texel ewes, aging 18 months, were synchronized with intravaginal sponges plus300 IU eCG and cervically inseminated with fresh semen either once at 54 h (Group A) or twice at 48 and 60 h(Group B) after sponge removal. Additionally, a second experiment was performed to detect the estrus onset;thus, 23 Milchschaf x Texel ewes were synchronized as previously described and estrus was detected at 6-hintervals by teaser rams. The pregnancy rate was higher in B than in A (B: 50.0% vs. A: 9.1%; P < 0.05). In thegroup exposed to teasers, 91.3% of the ewes came into estrus from 24 to 36 h after sponge removal, with aninterval to estrus averaging 30.6  1.0 h. Based on both type of mucus mostly observed and data of estrusoutcome, it could be suggested that the difference in effectiveness between protocols would be related to anearlier rather than to a double insemination. In conclusion, this study provides information on the application ofFTAI in dairy ewes reared rangeland in Argentina.(AU)

Sistemas modernos de produção de ovinos são direcionados para a intensificação, sendo nesta linhaa adoção da inseminação artificial. O objetivo foi comparar dois protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempofixo (IATF) em ovelhas leiteiras criadas em condições de campo na provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Vintee quatro ovelhas Milchschaf x Texel com “pinças permanentes”, de 18 meses de idade, foram sincronizadas comesponjas intravaginais e 300 UI de eCG e inseminadas por via cervical com sêmen fresco. As IATF foramrealizadas uma vez às 54 h (Grupo A) ou duas vezes às 48 e 60 h (Grupo B) após a retirada da esponja. Foirealizado um segundo experimento com 23 ovelhas Milchschaf x Texel, as quais foram sincronizadas comodescrito anteriormente e seus estros foram detectados em intervalos de 6 h por rufiões. A taxa de prenhez foimaior em B do que em A (B: 50,0% vs A: 9,1%; P < 0,05). No grupo exposto a rufiões, 91,3% das ovelhasentraram em estro 24-36 h após a retirada da esponja, com um intervalo médio ao estro de 30,61,0 h. Com baseno tipo de muco mais freqüentemente observado e nos resultados da apresentação de estro, pode ser sugerido quea diferença na eficácia entre protocolos estaria mais relacionada com a precocidade do estro em relação aostempos pré-estabelecidos para as inseminações do que propriamente o número de inseminações. Em conclusão,este estudo oferece informação sobre a aplicação da IATF em ovelhas leiteiras criadas nas pastagens daArgentina.(AU)

Use of FSH: LH as an alternative to stimulate follicular growth in sheep estrus synchronization / Utilização de FSH: LH como alternativa para estimular o crescimento folicular na sincronização do estro ovino

Background: Estrus synchronization is extensively applied in reproductive management of sheep world-wide. The use ofequine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in estrus synchronization protocols in sheep is well established. However, development of anti-eCG antibodies after repeated synchronizations results in poor synchronization and, eventually, in reducedfertility and lambing rates, especially when fixed time AI is applied. Works using FSH in estrus synchronization have beenscarce to date. So, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of different follicular growth promoters(FSH:LH and eCG) on estrus synchronization and ovulation in sheep.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty four ewes were submitted to estrus synchronization with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) intravaginal devices for 12 days and a single i.m. treatment of either eCG (Group 300eCG, 300 UI, n = 11) orFSH:LH (Group 20FSH:LH, 20 UI, n = 11; Group 40FSH:LH, 40 UI, n = 11; Group G20/20FSH:LH, 40 UI divided intotwo doses injected 12 h before removal device time and at the exact removal time, n = 11) at the time of device removal.At the sponge removal, ewes were exposed to a teaser and estrus was monitored at 4-h intervals until all females showedthe clinical estrus. After 12 hours of estrus onset, ultrassonografic exams were performed to record ovarian response.Besides, blood samples were collected for progesterone (P4) measurements. Statistical analyses were performed usingANOVA and means were compared by Duncan test. Kurskal-Wallis test was used for corpus luteum and progesteronecomparison, considering a 5% significance level. There was no difference (P > 0.05) on the time of estrus (46.3 ± 11.8;52.4 ± 10.7; 53.0 ± 7.2; 51.8 ± 7.1) or ovulation (80.4 ± 17.3; 86.9 ± 11.0; 95.3 ± 6.1; 85.0 ± 5.7) among the 300eCG,20FSH:LH, 40FSH:LH, 20/20FSH:LH groups, respectively. It was noticed, however, that there has been a variation in the...(AU)

Técnicas empregadas no preparo de rufiões em ovinos: revisão de literatura / Technique used in the preparation of sheep teaser

O uso de rufiões em ovinos ainda é um ponto culminante para detecção de estro, para uso de monta controlada ou inseminação artificial. Existem várias técnicas de preparo de rufiões, cirúrgicas ou não. Assim, a técnica de preparo de rufiões deve ser estudada de acordo com a necessidade do produtor, levando-se em conta a durabilidade do rufião, a escolha do proprietário pela técnica de preferência e a facilidade do médico veterinário em executar a técnica proposta. Porém, a técnica ideal é aquela que tenha maior duração, seja de fácil realização, tenha baixo custo e segurança para a não fecundação das fêmeas. Esta revisão aborda os aspectos relevantes sobre o uso de rufiões em ovinos, os critérios de seleção, os tipos de técnicas, as relevâncias sobre pré e pós-operatórios, o conhecimento da técnica mais adequada para cada manejo na propriedade o período para a aplicação e o estudo da durabilidade (influência na libido). (AU)

The use of sheep teasers is still crucial for the detection of estrus and the use of controlled mating or artificial insemination. There are several surgical and conservative techniques for preparation of teasers. Thus, the technique of preparation of teaser should be chosen according the requirements of the breeding farm, considering the durability of the males labor, the preferences of the farm owner and the experience of the veterinarian. However, the ideal technique must aim for a lasting labor ability, simplicity/ ease of execution, low cost and effectiveness in avoiding female fertilization. The current review covers the main topics regarding the use of teasers in sheep-breeding, the candidates selection criteria, the main techniques, the pre and post-operative concerns, the suitability to each situation relevance of the pre-and postoperatively, which are most appropriate for each situation, the period for their usage, the study of labor durability (the influence on the libido). (AU)

Técnicas empregadas no preparo de rufiões em ovinos: revisão de literatura / Technique used in the preparation of sheep teaser

O uso de rufiões em ovinos ainda é um ponto culminante para detecção de estro, para uso de monta controlada ou inseminação artificial. Existem várias técnicas de preparo de rufiões, cirúrgicas ou não. Assim, a técnica de preparo de rufiões deve ser estudada de acordo com a necessidade do produtor, levando-se em conta a durabilidade do rufião, a escolha do proprietário pela técnica de preferência e a facilidade do médico veterinário em executar a técnica proposta. Porém, a técnica ideal é aquela que tenha maior duração, seja de fácil realização, tenha baixo custo e segurança para a não fecundação das fêmeas. Esta revisão aborda os aspectos relevantes sobre o uso de rufiões em ovinos, os critérios de seleção, os tipos de técnicas, as relevâncias sobre pré e pós-operatórios, o conhecimento da técnica mais adequada para cada manejo na propriedade o período para a aplicação e o estudo da durabilidade (influência na libido).

The use of sheep teasers is still crucial for the detection of estrus and the use of controlled mating or artificial insemination. There are several surgical and conservative techniques for preparation of teasers. Thus, the technique of preparation of teaser should be chosen according the requirements of the breeding farm, considering the durability of the male’s labor, the preferences of the farm owner and the experience of the veterinarian. However, the ideal technique must aim for a lasting labor ability, simplicity/ ease of execution, low cost and effectiveness in avoiding female fertilization. The current review covers the main topics regarding the use of teasers in sheep-breeding, the candidates selection criteria, the main techniques, the pre and post-operative concerns, the suitability to each situation relevance of the pre-and postoperatively, which are most appropriate for each situation, the period for their usage, the study of labor durability (the influence on the libido).

Effects of prostaglandin administration 10 days apart on reproductive parameters of cyclic dairy nulliparous goats / Efeitos da aplicação de prostaglandinas intervaladas de 10 dias sobre características reprodutivas de cabras leiteiras nulíparas cíclicas

This study reported the effects of prostaglandin (PGF2a) administration 10 days apart on reproductive parameters of cyclic artificial inseminated (AI) nulliparous Alpine (n=9) and Saanen (n=9) goats. Animals received two doses of 22.5mg PGF2a 10 days apart. After 1st and 2nd PGF2a administrations, estrus was monitored at 12 h intervals, with a buck teaser. Plasma progesterone concentration (ng/mL) was determined from blood sampled on day 0 (1st PGF2a) and the following 5, 10 (2nd PGF2a), 15, 20, 25 and 30 days. After the onset of the second estrus, females were transrectally (5 MHz probe) scanned at 4 hour intervals until at least 8h after ovulation. Pregnancy was checked through transrectal ultrasound on days 20, 25, 30, 35 and 90 after insemination. All parameters studied did not differ between breeds (P>0.05). Estrous response and interval to estrus, respectively, after 1st (78.9% and 50.6±17.2h) and 2nd PGF2a (88.9% and 50.0±14.8h) administration did not differ (P>0.05). Overall animals ovulating (100.0%), interval to ovulation after 2nd PGF2a (64.5±19.5h) and after estrous onset (18.0±9.1h), ovulation rate (1.3±0.5), diameter of ovulatory follicle (8.1±1.1mm) were recorded. Embryo loss occurred before day 30 of pregnancy. Estrus can be efficiently synchronized in nulliparous Alpine and Saanen goats with two doses of prostaglandin 10 days apart.(AU)

Relataram-se os efeitos da aplicação de prostaglandina sobre características reprodutivas de cabras leiteiras nulíparas cíclicas. Cabras Alpinas (n=9) e Saanen (n=9) receberam duas doses de 22,5mg PGF2a com 10 dias de intervalo. A progesterona plasmática (ng/mL) foi determinada a partir de amostras de sangue coletadas nos dias 0 (primeira dose), 5, 10 (segunda dose), 15, 20, 25 e 30. Após início do segundo estro, as fêmeas foram monitoradas por ultrassonografia transretal a cada quatro horas até oito horas após a ovulação. A gestação foi verificada por ultrassonografia transretal nos dias 20, 25, 30, 35 e 90 após a segunda dose. As características estudadas foram semelhantes entre as raças (P>0,05). Animais em estro e o intervalo parto-estro de, respectivamente, 78,9% e 50,6±17,2h e 88,9% e 50,0±14,8h após a primeira e segunda administrações de prostaglandina, não diferiram (P>0,05). Todas as cabras ovularam e registraram-se valores do intervalo parto-ovulação após a segunda aplicação de prostaglandina de 64,5±19,5h e após início do estro de 18,0±9,1h, a taxa de ovulação de 1,3±0,5 e diâmetro do folículo ovulatório de 8,1±1,1mm. Perda embrionária ocorreu antes de 30 dias de gestação. O estro pode ser eficientemente sincronizado em cabras leiteiras núliparas com duas doses de prostaglandina intervaladas de 10 dias.(AU)

TÉCNICAS CIRURGICAS PARA O PREPARO DE RUFIÕES SUÍNOS

Além da preocupação com produtividade, a suinocultura vem se deparando com a pressão do mercado consumidor para desenvolver condições de produção que levem em conta questões como o bem-estar e o uso indiscriminado de antibióticos. Assim, após a adoção da criação em baias coletivas pela União Europeia, produtores do mundo todo vem passando por adequações visando a implementação deste novo sistema de produção. O manejo de detecção de cio, que em sua maioria ainda é deficiente, também está sendo alterado, pois está se passando de um sistema no qual as fêmeas estão em gaiolas individuais, para um no qual várias fêmeas encontram-se soltas em baias no momento da detecção. Neste contexto, a utilização de rufiões suínos pode ser uma alternativa, pois elimina a possibilidade de uma cobertura indesejada, facilitando o procedimento de detecção de cio em baias coletivas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar técnicas cirúrgicas para produção de rufiões suínos. Para isso, 39 animais (9 - 10 animais por técnica) de 30-35 kg, após jejum hídrico-alimentar de 12 horas, foram anestesiados com Zoletil 50® (5mg/kg/IM); Strenil® (2mg/ kg/ IM) e bloqueio local na linha de incisão com lidocaína sem vasoconstritor (1,5 mg/kg). As técnicas cirúrgicas realizadas foram: Remoção da cauda do epidídimo (RC): ressecção bilateral da cauda do epidídimo por acesso ventral da bolsa escrotal. Vasectomia com acesso escrotal (VE): ressecção bilateral de 2 cm na porção funicular do ducto deferente por acesso caudal da bolsa escrotal. Vasectomia com acesso inguinal (VI): remoção de 2 cm de ducto deferente através de acesso entre o último par de tetos. Controle: animais que passaram pelas mesmas avaliações que os outros animais sem a realização de um procedimento cirúrgico. Para avaliar a eficiência das técnicas foram realizadas as análises dos padrões hematológicos (20 minutos antes da cirurgia, 48 horas após e 7 dias após cirurgias), tempo cirúrgico, temperatura periférica, retal e termográfica (20 minutos antes da cirurgia e 48 horas após a cirurgia), cortisol sérico (20 minutos antes da cirurgia e 48 horas após a cirurgia), lactato sérico (20 minutos antes da cirurgia, 48 horas após cirurgia e 7 dias após cirurgias), e aos 7 meses de idade realizou-se exame andrológico completo incluindo avaliação do comprimento, largura, volume testicular e testosterona sérica. Durante o exame andrológico não foram observadas alterações ou diminuição de libido decorrentes dos procedimentos cirúrgicos. Conclui-se que as técnicas cirúrgicas avaliadas neste projeto podem ser utilizadas com segurança para produção de rufiões suínos uma vez que produziram nos animais efeitos mínimos sobre os parâmetros como temperatura corpórea, avaliações hematológicas, estresse, libido, parâmetros testiculares e produção de testosterona. No entanto, levando-se em consideração o tempo cirúrgico e a facilidade de realização, sugere-se a técnica de remoção da cauda do epidídimo como técnica de eleição para produção de rufiões na espécie suína.

Besides the production, the swine industry is now facing an important pressure from the consumers to develop better systems to address the animal welfare issues and the use of antibiotic. The use of collective gestational pens by the European Union, have forced producers from different parts of the world, to adapt and to implement to their system. The heat detection procedure also needs some adaptations, since females are moving from individual crates to collective pens during the detection procedure. Therefore, the use of teaser boars could be an alternative to avoid the undesired pregnancy, and facilitating the heat detection procedure in collective pens. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate different surgical procedures to produce boar teasers. For that, 39 male pigs (30- 35kg) were used, (9-10 per technique). Animals were kept for 12 hours prior the surgery without food and water. Animals were sedated with Zoletil 50® (5mg/Kg/IM); Strenil® (2mg/ kg/ IM) and local anesthesia was conducted at the incision line with lidocaine without vasoconstrictor (1,5 mg/Kg). The surgical procedures were: Tailepididymectomy (CE): removal or the bilateral part of the epididymis tail, using the ventral access of scrotal sac. Vasectomized animal via scrotal access (VE): removal of 2 cm in the funicular portion of the deferent duct using a caudal access of the scrotal sac. Vasectomized animal via the inguinal access (VI): Removing 2cm of the deferent duct between the last pair of teats. Control: animals that have passed their procedure in other animals, without surgery. To evaluate the efficacy of hematological standards (20 minutes before surgery, 48 hours after and 7 days after surgeries), surgical time, peripheral, rectal and thermographic temperature (20 minutes before surgery and 48 hours after surgery), cortisol (20 minutes before surgery and 48 hours after surgery), serum lactate (20 minutes before surgery, 48 hours after surgery and 7 days after surgeries) and at 7 months of age, the andrological examination was performed. Assessment of height, width, testicular volume and testosterone serum. During the andrological exam, there were no alterations or decreased libido due to surgical procedures. Concluded that the surgical techniques evaluated in this project could be used for the production of swine bulls since they produced minimal effects on the parameters such as body temperature, hematological evaluations, stress, libido, testicular parameters and testosterone production. However, considering the surgical time and the ease of accomplishment, the technique of removal of the tail of the epididymis is suggested as the technique of choice for production of ruffians in the swine species.

Parâmetros reprodutivos de fêmeas caprinas jovens suplementadas com sal mineral adicionado ou não com ionóforos / Reproductive parameters of young female goats supplemented with mineral salt with or without ionophores

Avaliou-se o efeito da adição de ionóforos ao sal mineral sobre o ganho de peso, idade e peso à puberdade de fêmeas caprinas jovens. Trinta e três cabritas nascidas na época seca foram confinadas, pesadas e agrupadas, aleatoriamente para três tratamentos (T 0 - controle; T I e T II) após o desmame. Ao T 0 foi disponibilizado sal mineral; ao T I, sal mineral com 1,50% de salinomicina e ao T II, sal mineral com 1,50% de monensina sódica. Os animais foram pesados a cada 28 dias. Duas semanas após o início da época chuvosa, as cabritas tiveram contato com os rufiões para detecção do estro. Quatro a oitavo dias após, a fêmea era pesada e submetida à laparotomia para avaliação da função dos ovários. O ganho de peso, o peso e idade ao primeiro estro não diferiram (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Oito cabritas do T 0, nove do T I e oito do T II, apresentaram estro clínico. A média de peso à puberdade foi de 19,73 ± 0,64. Para a idade à puberdade, a média geral foi de 333,04 11,59 dias. Sete cabritas (28,00%) apresentaram os primeiros estros clínicos anovulatórios, enquanto nove (36,00%) tinham corpus albicans ao primeiro estro. As taxas de ovulação foram 1,00; 1,14 e 1,00 para T 0, T I e T II, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a adição dos dois ionóforos ao sal mineral não favorece o ganho de peso na fase de recria e nem a idade e o peso à puberdade em fêmeas caprinas.

We evaluated the effect of adding ionophores to mineral salt on weight gain, age and weight at puberty in young female goats. Thirty-three lambs, which were born during the dry season, were confined, weighed and randomly divided into three treatments (T 0 control, T I and T II after weaning. Mineral salt was available to T 0; mineral salt plus 1.5% salinomicine to T I, and mineral salt plus 1.5% sodic monensine to T II. The animals were heavy every 28 days. Two weeks after the beginning of the rainy period, females were accompanied by teaser buck for estrous detection. Four to eight days after heat, the female was weighed and submitted to the laparotomy to evaluation of the ovarian function. The weight earnings and age and weight to the first heat did not differ (P>0.05) among the treatments. Eight females from T 0, nine from T I and eight from T II presented clinical heat. The weight of the goats in the puberty was 19.73 ± 0.64 Kg. The age to achieve the puberty was 333.04 ± 11.59 days. Seven females (28.00%) presented the first clinical heat, anovulatory while nine (36.00%) showed corpus albicans to the first heat. The ovulation rates were 1.00, 1.14 and 1.00 for T 0, T I and T II, respectively. In conclusion, the ionophores addition to the mineral salt does not support to the weight earnings, nor the age and weight at puberty in female goats.

Oclusão parcial externa reversível do prepúcio no preparo de rufiões bovinos / Oclusión parcial externa reversible del prpucio en el preparo de rufianes bovinos / Partial extraneous occlusive reversible of the prepuce in preparation of teaser bull

No presente estudo foram utilizados dez bovinos mestiços, com idade variando de dois a quatro anos, com a finalidade de demonstrar uma nova técnica no preparo de rufião, em que a principal característica é a sua reversibilidade, além de ser de simples execução e economicamente viável. A técnica resume-se na colocação de uma abraçadeira plástica ao redor do prepúcio do animal impedindo a exposição do pênis. O material necessário é mínimo, constando de trocáter, gabarito e abraçadeira plástica. Após o procedimento os animais se encontravam aptos para identificação de vacas em estro, o que pode ser comprovado durante todo o período de observação. Ao final dos três meses, a abraçadeira plástica foi removida e os animais demonstraram interesse pelas fêmeas e expuseram o pênis normalmente. A técnica é eficiente, reversível e não compromete a libido, a fisiologia e o bem estar dos animais.(AU)

Ten cattle cross-breed between two and four years old have been used to assay a new technique in preparation of teaser bull with the principal characteristic is the sweats reversibility in addition to be of simple execution and economically viable. The technique if summarizes on placement from a clamp plastic about of the prepuce of the animal withheld the exposition of the penis. The material necessary is minimum, constant of trocater, pattern and clamp plastic. Right after the procedure the animals used to be apt the identify females in heat the one to may be aver all day period of observation. The end of the three months, the clamp plastic was removed and the animals demonstrated interest by females and capacity of exposition the penis. We concluded what the technique is all-around, reversible and no engages the libido, physiology and principally the animals welfare.(AU)

En este estudio se utilizó diez bovinos mestizos, con edad variando de dos a cuatro años, con la finalidad de demostrar una nueva técnica en el preparo de rufián, en que la principal característica es su reversibilidad, además de ser de simple ejecución y económicamente viable. La técnica se resume en la colocación de una abrazadera plástica alrededor del prepucio del animal impidiendo la exposición del pene. El material necesario es mínimo, constando de trocáter, plantilla y abrazadera plástica. Después del procedimiento los animales se encontraban aptos para identificación de vacas en celo, lo que puede ser comprobado durante todo el periodo de observación. Al fin de tres meses, la abrazadera plástica fue removida y los animales demostraron interés por las hembras y expusieron el pene normalmente. La técnica es eficiente, reversible y no compromete la libido, la fisiología y el bienestar de los animales.(AU)

Efeitos da somatotrofina recombinante bovina na puberdade de novilhas Nelore

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferenças na idade e peso à puberdade entre novilhas Nelore (260±34 kg; 12±1 meses de idade) tratadas com salina (n=15) ou somatotrofina bovina recombinante (rbST; n=16) a cada 14 dias desde os 12 até os 22 meses de idade, ou até atingir a puberdade. Adicionalmente, verificamos o efeito do rbST sobre o crescimento, o revestimento de gordura subcutânea, as concentrações plasmáticas de GH, IGF-I, leptina, glicose e insulina, e a taxa de prenhez na primeira estação de monta. Todas as novilhas foram mantidas à pasto no mesmo piquete e foram expostas durante todo o experimento a um rufião com buçal marcador. O peso corporal e a espessura da gordura subcutânea foram mensurados a cada dois meses durante o período experimental. Avaliação por ultrassom dos ovários para monitorar a presença de CL e amostras de sangue foram coletadas a cada 14 dias para quantificações hormonais. Não houve efeito do tratamento (p0,05) na idade e peso à puberdade, ou taxa de prenhez na primeira estação de monta. A espessura da gordura subcutânea entre a 12ª e 13ª costela não foi alterada pelo tratamento (p0,05), no entanto a espessura da gordura subcutânea na garupa foi menor nas novilhas do grupo rbST aos 18 (p=0,04) e 22 (p<0,01) meses de idade. Não houve efeito de tratamento (p0,05) sobre o ganho de peso e as concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, GH e IGF-I. O diâmetro do maior folículo foi menor nos animais do grupo salina aos 12 meses de idade (p= 0,01) e se correlacionou com a concentração de IGF-I no grupo rbST (r= 0,13; p=0,05). No grupo salina a concentração de leptina foi maior aos 12,7 (p=0,02), 13,4 (p= 0,01), 14,3 (p=0,04) e 16,2 (p=0,03) meses de idade e a concentração de insulina foi maior aos 20,1 meses de idade (p=0,06). Em resumo, o tratamento prolongado com 250 mg de rbST não alterou a idade ou peso à puberdade, concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, GH e IGF-I, no entanto diminuiu o revestimento de gordura subcutânea e leptina, aumentou as concentrações plasmáticas de insulina. Evidenciou-se que o tratamento com rbST não afetou a taxa de prenhez na primeira estação de monta.

The present experiment evaluated differences in age and weight at puberty between Nellore heifers (260±34 kg; 12±1 months old) treated with saline (n=15) or recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST; n=16) every 14 days from 12 until 22 months of age or until puberty attainment. Additionally, we assessed the effect of rbST in subcutaneous fat thickness, plasma GH, IGF-I, leptin, glucose, insulin, and pregnancy in the first breeding season. All heifers were maintained on the same pasture and exposed to a teaser bull with a neck-marker device. Heifers body weight and subcutaneous backfat thickness were obtained every two months, ovaries were evaluated by ultrasound and blood samples collected every 14 days to monitor the presence of CL and plasma hormones concentration. There was no effect of treatment (p0.05) on age and weight at puberty or pregnancy in the first breeding season. The backfat thickness between the 12th and 13th rib was not affected by treatment (p0.05), however the rump backfat thickness was lower in rbST heifers at 18 and 22 months (respectively, p=0.04; p<0.01). Treatments had no effect (p0.05) on weight gain, plasma glucose, GH and IGF-I. The diameter of the largest follicle was smaller in animals of the saline group at 12 months of age (p=0.01) and was correlated with plasma IGF-I in the rbST group (r=0.13; p=0.05). In the saline group, leptin concentration was higher at 12.7 (p=0.02), 13.4 (p=0.01), 14.3 (p=0.04) and 16.2 (p=0.03) months, and insulin concentration was increased at 20.1 months of age (p=0.06). In summary, prolonged treatment with rbST did not change the weight or age at puberty, plasma glucose, GH and IGF-I, however it decreased subcutaneous fat and insulin, increased leptin concentration. It was demonstrated that treatment with rbST did not affect pregnancy in the first breeding season.

Body condition score and reproductive performance in beef cows in the pantanal area of Mato Grosso do Sul state Brazil / Escore de condição corporal e desempenho reprodutivo de vacas no Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil

It was evaluated the effect of nutritional condition over reproductive performance of 69 Nelore beef cows under Artificial Insemination from December 2005 to April 2006. Teaser bulls wearing chin-ball marker and visual observation were used for heat detection. Body Condition Scoring was performed individually at insemination with an scale ranging from 1 to 6. The variables, estrous occurrence and positive pregnancy showed binomial probability distribution, allowing to estimate the behavior of heat detection, heat detection after first insemination and positive pregnancy as a function of the effects of age, body condition score and current status (weaned or with suckling calf). Results indicated that the variables positive pregnancy, heat detection and heat detection after first insemination were influenced by the cows body condition score. The effects of age and body condition score showed significant interaction for positive pregnancy and heat detection after first insemination. Cows current status showed significant effect over heat detection and over body condition score, pointing out that cows having suckling calves showed the lowest scores.

Avaliou-se o efeito da condição corporal, no desempenho reprodutivo de 69 vacas Nelore, no Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul, submetidas à inseminação artificial de dezembro de 2005 a abril de 2006. A identificação de vacas em cio foi feita por meio de rufiões com buçal marcador e de observação visual. A avaliação da condição corporal foi realizada no momento da inseminação artificial, por meio de uma escala de 6 pontos. As variáveis ocorrência de cio e de prenhez apresentavam distribuição binomial de probabilidade, permitindo estimar o comportamento das probabilidades de observação de cio após a primeira inseminação artificial e de prenhez em função dos efeitos de idade, escore de condição corporal e situação da vaca (com ou sem bezerro ao pé). Os resultados indicaram que as variáveis ocorrência de prenhez, observação de cio e observação de cio após a primeira inseminação artificial foram influenciadas pela condição corporal da fêmea. Os efeitos de idade e escore de condição corporal apresentaram interação significativa para ocorrência de prenhez e observação de cio após a inseminação artificial. A situação da vaca apresentou efeito significativo sobre a observação de cio e sobre o escore de condição corporal, o que indica que vacas com bezerro ao pé apresentaram os menores escores.

Parâmetros reprodutivos de cabras Toggenburg inseminadas com sêmen resfriado, após diluição em meio à base de gema de ovo / Reproductive parameters of Toggenburg goats inseminated with cooled semen diluted in egg yolk extender

Avaliaram-se a taxa de concepção, a resposta à prostaglandina, a duração do estro, a categoria reprodutiva e o tipo de muco de cabras inseminadas com sêmen diluído em meio à base de gema de ovo e resfriado a 5ºC, por 12 ou 24 horas. Foram utilizados dois reprodutores e 62 fêmeas da raça Toggenburg, que receberam duas doses de 22,5µg de PGF2α, em intervalos de 10 dias, para a sincronização do estro. A partir da primeira aplicação de PGF2α, o estro foi monitorado três vezes ao dia. Realizou-se uma única inseminação, 12 horas após o início do estro. As porcentagens de fêmeas em estro, após a primeira e segunda aplicações de PGF2α, foram de 85,5 por cento e 88,7 por cento, respectivamente. O intervalo de aplicação da primeira e segunda doses de PGF2α ao início do estro foi de 41,04±20,32 e 45,67±9,28 horas, e a duração do estro de 40,02±15,96 e 32,24±12,09 horas, respectivamente. A taxa de concepção total foi de 49,1 por cento. O período de armazenamento do sêmen e a categoria reprodutiva não influenciaram (P>0,05) a taxa de concepção. O tipo de muco observado no momento da inseminação influenciou (P<0,05) a fertilidade das fêmeas, sendo o de aspecto estriado associado aos maiores índices de concepção.(AU)

The conception rate, the prostaglandin response, the estrus duration, the reproductive class, and the mucous of goats inseminated with semen diluted in egg yolk extender and cooled at 5ºC, for 12 or 24 hours were evaluated. Sixty-two female goats and two sexually mature Toggenburg bucks were used. The females received two doses of 22.5µg of prostaglandine F2α, at 10-day intervals. After the first injection, the estrus was monitored three times a day (6:00, 12:00, and 18:00h), with a buck teaser. Only one insemination was used. The percentages of animals that showed estrus after the first and the second injection of PGF2α were 85.5 percent and 88.7 percent, respectively. The average intervals from first and second PGF2α injection to estrus were 41.04±20.32 and 45.67±9.28h, and the estrus durations for both injections were 40.02±15.96 and 32.24±12.09h, in this order. The interval from the PGF2α injection to the beginning of the estrus was longer (P<0.05), whereas the estrus duration was shorter (P<0.05) in the estrus induced after the second PGF2α injection. The total conception rate was 49.1 percent. Neither the semen storage length (12 or 24 hours) nor the reproductive class did not affect (P>0.05) the conception rate. The mucous observed at the insemination time influenced (P<0.05) the fertility of inseminated goats, with the striated aspect associated to higher fertility.(AU)