Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features ofa thymoma in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): casereport

Thymoma is a neoplasm originating from epithelial cells of the thymus. It represents the most common tumor in the mediastinal region of rabbits, followed by lymphoma. This study aims to report a case of post mortem diagnosis of thymoma in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), with the purpose to contribute to the understanding of this disease and its diagnosis in this specie. A six-year-old male mixed breed pet rabbit (O. cuniculus), weighing 2.3 kg, was referred to necropsy exam. The previous clinical history included prostration, lethargy, weight loss, dysorexia and respiratory distress, evidenced mainly on the expiratory phase. Radiographs revealed pleural effusion and the presence of a mass involving the cranial and middle mediastinum, confirmed by ultrasound. In the cytological examination, it was diagnosed as a low-gradelymphoma and chemotherapy was performed with COP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine Oncovin®, prednisolone). However, after 145 days, euthanasia was performed. At necropsy, a well delimited mass was observed in the mediastinal region, adhered to the pleura, with firm consistency and pale coloration. Histopathological analysis of the mass showed the proliferation of epithelial neoplastics cells, arranged in trabeculas and with infiltration of small lymphocytes. The immunohistochemical findings included cytoplasmic immunolabeling for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 in 90% of epithelial neoplastics cells, while CD3 was evidenced in a small number of lymphocytes (T-lymphocytes) and CD79a in Blymphocytes localized on the neoplasia periphery. The growth fraction was estimated at 30% by Ki-67. According to the histopathological criteria for thymoma classification proposed by the World Health Organization, 2015, it was made the diagnosis of lymphocyte-rich predominantly cortical thymoma (B1 type).(AU)

Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features ofa thymoma in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): casereport

Thymoma is a neoplasm originating from epithelial cells of the thymus. It represents the most common tumor in the mediastinal region of rabbits, followed by lymphoma. This study aims to report a case of post mortem diagnosis of thymoma in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), with the purpose to contribute to the understanding of this disease and its diagnosis in this specie. A six-year-old male mixed breed pet rabbit (O. cuniculus), weighing 2.3 kg, was referred to necropsy exam. The previous clinical history included prostration, lethargy, weight loss, dysorexia and respiratory distress, evidenced mainly on the expiratory phase. Radiographs revealed pleural effusion and the presence of a mass involving the cranial and middle mediastinum, confirmed by ultrasound. In the cytological examination, it was diagnosed as a low-gradelymphoma and chemotherapy was performed with COP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine – Oncovin®, prednisolone). However, after 145 days, euthanasia was performed. At necropsy, a well delimited mass was observed in the mediastinal region, adhered to the pleura, with firm consistency and pale coloration. Histopathological analysis of the mass showed the proliferation of epithelial neoplastics cells, arranged in trabeculas and with infiltration of small lymphocytes. The immunohistochemical findings included cytoplasmic immunolabeling for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 in 90% of epithelial neoplastics cells, while CD3 was evidenced in a small number of lymphocytes (T-lymphocytes) and CD79a in Blymphocytes localized on the neoplasia periphery. The growth fraction was estimated at 30% by Ki-67. According to the histopathological criteria for thymoma classification proposed by the World Health Organization, 2015, it was made the diagnosis of lymphocyte-rich predominantly cortical thymoma (B1 type).

Desenvolvimento de linfoma em cão com leishmaniose visceral / Development of lymphoma in dog with visceral leishmaniosis

O linfoma canino resulta na proliferação descontrolada dos linfócitos malignos originados pelas células linforreticulares, acometendo principalmente os órgãos linfóides que são os linfonodos, fígado, medula óssea e baço. É considerado a neoplasia linfoproliferativa mais comum, a qual pode ser classificada de acordo com a sua localização anatômica nas formas: multicêntrico, alimentar, cutâneo, tímico e extranodal. O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar os aspectos clínicos do linfoma em um cão portador da Leishmaniose visceral canina, bem como ressaltar a importância dos exames complementares para a obtenção de um diagnóstico preciso em casos de co-morbidade. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário Metropolitano de Caucaia (HVM), um canino da raça Doberman, macho, 5 anos de idade, pesando 30 quilos, apresentando edemaciação no membro anterior esquerdo, mucosas hipocoradas, halitose, desidratação, febre, descamação e lesão na pele, onicogrifose, anorexia, nódulos subcutâneo e linfonodos palpáveis, sendo que o linfonodo axilar esquerdo estava acentuadamente aumentado. De acordo com a anamnese e exame físico, foram solicitados os exames hematológicos, bioquímicos (análises renal e hepática), sorologia para Calazar, radiografia de tórax e citologia do linfonodo. O resultado da citologia indicou um quadro neoplásico sugestivo de linfoma e a sorologia foi reagente para leishmaniose. O paciente foi encaminhado para o oncologista com o intuito de o especialista instituir a melhor forma terapêutica para o linfoma, dando assim o prognóstico adequado, porém o animal veio a óbito devido sua progressiva condição clínica antes de iniciar o tratamento. Conclui-se que os sinais clínicos juntamente com os exames complementares são importantes na obtenção do diagnóstico para o linfoma e leishmaniose, partindo do princípio que essas enfermidades podem acometer o animal de forma isolada ou conjunta.

Canine lymphoma results in the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant lymphocytes originating from lymphoreticular cells, mainly affecting lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, liver, bone marrow and spleen. It is considered the most common lymphoproliferative neoplasia, which can be classified according to its anatomical location in the forms: multicentric, alimentary, cutaneous, thymic and extranodal. The objective of this study was to report the clinical aspects of lymphoma in a dog with canine visceral leishmaniasis, as well as to emphasize the importance of complementary tests to obtain an accurate diagnosis in cases of comorbidities. A 5-year-old male Doberman dog, weighing 30 kg, was attended at the Metropolitan Veterinary Hospital of Caucaia (HVM), presenting with edema in the left anterior limb, hypocorous mucosae, halitosis, dehydration, fever, peeling and skin lesion, onychogrifose, anorexia, subcutaneous nodules and palpable lymph nodes, and the left axillary lymph node was markedly enlarged. According to the anamnesis and physical examination, hematological, biochemical (renal and hepatic reviews) tests, serology for Calazar, chest X-ray and lymph node cytology were requested. The cytology result indicated a neoplastic picture suggestive of lymphoma and the serology was reactive for leishmaniasis. The patient was referred to the oncologist in order to establish the best therapeutic form for the lymphoma, thus giving the appropriate prognosis, but the animal died due to its progressive clinical condition before starting the treatment. It is concluded that the clinical signs together with the complementary exams are important in obtaining the diagnosis for lymphoma and leishmaniasis, assuming that these diseases can affect the animal in isolation or in a joint manner.

Desenvolvimento de linfoma em cão com leishmaniose visceral / Development of lymphoma in dog with visceral leishmaniosis

O linfoma canino resulta na proliferação descontrolada dos linfócitos malignos originados pelas células linforreticulares, acometendo principalmente os órgãos linfóides que são os linfonodos, fígado, medula óssea e baço. É considerado a neoplasia linfoproliferativa mais comum, a qual pode ser classificada de acordo com a sua localização anatômica nas formas: multicêntrico, alimentar, cutâneo, tímico e extranodal. O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar os aspectos clínicos do linfoma em um cão portador da Leishmaniose visceral canina, bem como ressaltar a importância dos exames complementares para a obtenção de um diagnóstico preciso em casos de co-morbidade. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário Metropolitano de Caucaia (HVM), um canino da raça Doberman, macho, 5 anos de idade, pesando 30 quilos, apresentando edemaciação no membro anterior esquerdo, mucosas hipocoradas, halitose, desidratação, febre, descamação e lesão na pele, onicogrifose, anorexia, nódulos subcutâneo e linfonodos palpáveis, sendo que o linfonodo axilar esquerdo estava acentuadamente aumentado. De acordo com a anamnese e exame físico, foram solicitados os exames hematológicos, bioquímicos (análises renal e hepática), sorologia para Calazar, radiografia de tórax e citologia do linfonodo. O resultado da citologia indicou um quadro neoplásico sugestivo de linfoma e a sorologia foi reagente para leishmaniose. O paciente foi encaminhado para o oncologista com o intuito de o especialista instituir a melhor forma terapêutica para o linfoma, dando assim o prognóstico adequado, porém o animal veio a óbito devido sua progressiva condição clínica antes de iniciar o tratamento. Conclui-se que os sinais clínicos juntamente com os exames complementares são importantes na obtenção do diagnóstico para o linfoma e leishmaniose, partindo do princípio que essas enfermidades podem acometer o animal de forma isolada ou conjunta.(AU)

Canine lymphoma results in the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant lymphocytes originating from lymphoreticular cells, mainly affecting lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, liver, bone marrow and spleen. It is considered the most common lymphoproliferative neoplasia, which can be classified according to its anatomical location in the forms: multicentric, alimentary, cutaneous, thymic and extranodal. The objective of this study was to report the clinical aspects of lymphoma in a dog with canine visceral leishmaniasis, as well as to emphasize the importance of complementary tests to obtain an accurate diagnosis in cases of comorbidities. A 5-year-old male Doberman dog, weighing 30 kg, was attended at the Metropolitan Veterinary Hospital of Caucaia (HVM), presenting with edema in the left anterior limb, hypocorous mucosae, halitosis, dehydration, fever, peeling and skin lesion, onychogrifose, anorexia, subcutaneous nodules and palpable lymph nodes, and the left axillary lymph node was markedly enlarged. According to the anamnesis and physical examination, hematological, biochemical (renal and hepatic reviews) tests, serology for Calazar, chest X-ray and lymph node cytology were requested. The cytology result indicated a neoplastic picture suggestive of lymphoma and the serology was reactive for leishmaniasis. The patient was referred to the oncologist in order to establish the best therapeutic form for the lymphoma, thus giving the appropriate prognosis, but the animal died due to its progressive clinical condition before starting the treatment. It is concluded that the clinical signs together with the complementary exams are important in obtaining the diagnosis for lymphoma and leishmaniasis, assuming that these diseases can affect the animal in isolation or in a joint manner.(AU)

Linfoma canino: revision de literatura con enfasis en linfoma difuso de celulas B grandes / Canine lymphoma: literature review emphasizing on diffuse large B cell lymphoma / Linfoma canino: revisão de literatura com ênfase no linfoma difuso de grandes células B

Los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH) son las neoplasias hematopoyéticas más comunes en los perros, sin embargo, su etiología no está bien conocida. Existen varios factores que pueden contribuir con su desarrollo, como cambios en el sistema inmunológico, factores ambientales y alteraciones genéticas. El cáncer puede ocurrir en cualquier edad, pero se sabe que afecta principalmente a animales de mediana edad y animales más viejos. Anatómicamente, el linfoma canino se puede clasificar en multicéntrico, digestivo, tímico, cútaneo y solitario, con cinco estadios clínicos y dos subestadios. En los últimos años se han utilizado diversas clasificaciones en humano, y se han propuesto para los animales domésticos. El inmunofenotipaje de los linfomas se ha incorporado a la mayoría de los sistemas actuales de clasificación, igualmente, la determinación de marcadores biológicos de proliferación y apoptosis. Los linfomas difuso de celulas B grandes (DLBCL) es el subtipo más común en el perro y en el hombre. Los DLBCL son neoplasias que están formadas por células linfoides B caracterizadas por un patrón de crecimiento difuso y pueden presentar por lo menos cinco variantes que están relacionados con diferentes patrones de comportamiento biológico, incluso en perros. Sin embargo, usualmente estos tumores se clasifican sólo como DLBCL sin tener en cuenta sus características morfológicas, su perfil [...](AU)

Non Hodgkin lymphomas (LNHs) are the most common hematopoietic tumors of dogs. However, its etiology is not well established and there are many probable factors that may lead to its development such as immune system aberrations, environmental elements and genetic changes. The tumor may occur at any age but it predominantly affects middle age to elderly dogs. Canine lymphoma can be anatomically divided into multicentric, digestive, thymic, cutaneous or solitary and also into five clinical and two subclinical stages. Lately various human classifications and also one proposed for domestic animals have been used. Lymphoma immunophenotyping is incorporated into current classification systems as well as determination of biological markers for proliferation and apoptosis. Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent subtype both in dogs and humans. DLBCLs are tumors composed of lymphoid B cell characterized by a diffuse growth pattern. DLBCLs may present at least five variants which relates to different patterns of biological behavior including in dogs. However, routinely these tumors are only classified as DLBCLs without taking into account its morphologic characteristics, immunohistochemical profile and proliferation index. On account of this the World Health Organization (WHO) proposes that on research projects those variants are thoroughly investigated in order to [...](AU)

Os linfomas não Hodgkin (LNHs) são as neoplasias hematopoiéticas mais comuns nos cães, no entanto, sua etiologia não está bem estabelecida e há diversos fatores que devem contribuir para seu desenvolvimento, como alterações no sistema imune, fatores ambientais e alterações genéticas. A neoplasia pode ocorrer em qualquer idade, mas afeta, predominantemente, animais de meia idade a idosos. Anatomicamente, os linfomas caninos podem ser classificados em: multicêntrico, digestivo, tímico, cutâneo e solitário, com cinco estágios clínicos e dois subestágios. Nos últimos anos, foram utilizadas diversas classificações humanas, além de classificação proposta para os animais domésticos. A imunofenotipagem dos linfomas está incorporada aos sistemas mais atuais de classificação, assim como a determinação da expressão de marcadores biológicos de proliferação e apoptose. O Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B (DLBCL) é o subtipo mais frequente, tanto no cão quanto em humanos. Os DLBCLs são neoplasias formadas por células linfoides B caracterizadas por um padrão de crescimento difuso e podem apresentar pelo menos cinco variantes que estão relacionadas com padrões distintos de comportamento biológico, inclusive nos cães. No entanto, rotineiramente, estes tumores são apenas classificados como DLBCLs sem considerar suas particularidades morfológicas, seu perfil imunoistoquímico e seu índice [...](AU)

Linfoma canino: revision de literatura con enfasis en linfoma difuso de celulas B grandes / Canine lymphoma: literature review emphasizing on diffuse large B cell lymphoma / Linfoma canino: revisão de literatura com ênfase no linfoma difuso de grandes células B

Los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH) son las neoplasias hematopoyéticas más comunes en los perros, sin embargo, su etiología no está bien conocida. Existen varios factores que pueden contribuir con su desarrollo, como cambios en el sistema inmunológico, factores ambientales y alteraciones genéticas. El cáncer puede ocurrir en cualquier edad, pero se sabe que afecta principalmente a animales de mediana edad y animales más viejos. Anatómicamente, el linfoma canino se puede clasificar en multicéntrico, digestivo, tímico, cútaneo y solitario, con cinco estadios clínicos y dos subestadios. En los últimos años se han utilizado diversas clasificaciones en humano, y se han propuesto para los animales domésticos. El inmunofenotipaje de los linfomas se ha incorporado a la mayoría de los sistemas actuales de clasificación, igualmente, la determinación de marcadores biológicos de proliferación y apoptosis. Los linfomas difuso de celulas B grandes (DLBCL) es el subtipo más común en el perro y en el hombre. Los DLBCL son neoplasias que están formadas por células linfoides B caracterizadas por un patrón de crecimiento difuso y pueden presentar por lo menos cinco variantes que están relacionados con diferentes patrones de comportamiento biológico, incluso en perros. Sin embargo, usualmente estos tumores se clasifican sólo como DLBCL sin tener en cuenta sus características morfológicas, su perfil [...]

Non Hodgkin lymphomas (LNHs) are the most common hematopoietic tumors of dogs. However, its etiology is not well established and there are many probable factors that may lead to its development such as immune system aberrations, environmental elements and genetic changes. The tumor may occur at any age but it predominantly affects middle age to elderly dogs. Canine lymphoma can be anatomically divided into multicentric, digestive, thymic, cutaneous or solitary and also into five clinical and two subclinical stages. Lately various human classifications and also one proposed for domestic animals have been used. Lymphoma immunophenotyping is incorporated into current classification systems as well as determination of biological markers for proliferation and apoptosis. Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent subtype both in dogs and humans. DLBCLs are tumors composed of lymphoid B cell characterized by a diffuse growth pattern. DLBCLs may present at least five variants which relates to different patterns of biological behavior including in dogs. However, routinely these tumors are only classified as DLBCLs without taking into account its morphologic characteristics, immunohistochemical profile and proliferation index. On account of this the World Health Organization (WHO) proposes that on research projects those variants are thoroughly investigated in order to [...]

Os linfomas não Hodgkin (LNHs) são as neoplasias hematopoiéticas mais comuns nos cães, no entanto, sua etiologia não está bem estabelecida e há diversos fatores que devem contribuir para seu desenvolvimento, como alterações no sistema imune, fatores ambientais e alterações genéticas. A neoplasia pode ocorrer em qualquer idade, mas afeta, predominantemente, animais de meia idade a idosos. Anatomicamente, os linfomas caninos podem ser classificados em: multicêntrico, digestivo, tímico, cutâneo e solitário, com cinco estágios clínicos e dois subestágios. Nos últimos anos, foram utilizadas diversas classificações humanas, além de classificação proposta para os animais domésticos. A imunofenotipagem dos linfomas está incorporada aos sistemas mais atuais de classificação, assim como a determinação da expressão de marcadores biológicos de proliferação e apoptose. O Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B (DLBCL) é o subtipo mais frequente, tanto no cão quanto em humanos. Os DLBCLs são neoplasias formadas por células linfoides B caracterizadas por um padrão de crescimento difuso e podem apresentar pelo menos cinco variantes que estão relacionadas com padrões distintos de comportamento biológico, inclusive nos cães. No entanto, rotineiramente, estes tumores são apenas classificados como DLBCLs sem considerar suas particularidades morfológicas, seu perfil imunoistoquímico e seu índice [...]

Immunophenotyping of Thymic Lymphoma in a Nelore Cow

Thymic lymphoma is a malignant lymphoid neoplasm that affects several species, including cattle. This type of neoplasia can lead to death due to malignant cell infiltration in different organs. The classification of this neoplasm may predict prognosis and response to treatment. Immunophenotyping is one of the ways to perform this classification. There are reports about the performance of immunohistochemistry (IHC) to classify thymic lymphoma only in taurine cattle, therefore the aim of this report is to describe the immunophenotype of a thymic lymphoma in a Nelore cow. Immunostaining was performed with monoclonal antibodies (CD79, CD4 and CD8). The tumor cells showed positive staining only for CD8 T lymphocytes, coinciding with the disease progression, since the T lymphoma type is more aggressive.(AU)

Immunophenotyping of thymic Lymphoma in a Nelore cow

Thymic lymphoma is a malignant lymphoid neoplasm that affects several species, including cattle. This type of neoplasia can lead to death due to malignant cell infiltration in different organs. The classification of this neoplasm may predict prognosis and response to treatment. Immunophenotyping is one of the ways to perform this classification. There are reports about the performance of immunohistochemistry (IHC) to classify thymic lymphoma only in taurine cattle, therefore the aim of this report is to describe the immunophenotype of a thymic lymphoma in a Nelore cow. Immunostaining was performed with monoclonal antibodies (CD79, CD4 and CD8). The tumor cells showed positive staining only for CD8 T lymphocytes, coinciding with the disease progression, since the T lymphoma type is more aggressive.

Características anatomoclínicas dos linfomas caninos na região de Botucatu, São Paulo

This report describes 34 cases of canine lymphoma, all of them referred to the Veterinary Hospital of FMVZ - UNESP in Botucatu - SP, Brazil, comprising, nine German Shepherd dogs, nine mongrels, five Boxers, three Doberman and one of each eigth other breeds. The mean age was 6.2 years, range 1 to 13 years, and 68% of the dogs were males. The stage of the lymphomas was based on the World Health Organization criteria. At the time of diagnosis 32 dogs were at more advanced stages (IIII, IV, and V). Only two dogs were at stage II. The multicentric form was the most common anatomic one. This form was seen in 31 lymphomas. Nevertheless, thymic and alimentary forms were also observed in two and one dogs, respectively.

Estudaram-se as características anatomoclínicas dos linfomas em cães da região de Botucatu, São Paulo. O material utilizado foi colhido de 34 cães portadores de linfoma maligno, dos quais nove eram da raça Pastor-Alemão, nove sem raça definida, cinco da raça Boxer, três animais da raça Dobermann e oito outros cada um de uma raça, 68% deles machos. A idade variou de 1 a 13 anos, com média de 6,2 anos. O estabelecimento do estádio dos linfomas foi baseado nos critérios estabelecidos pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. No momento do diagnóstico, 32 animais apresentavam-se nos estádios clínicos III, IV ou V. Apenas dois foram enquadrados no estádio II. A forma anatômica mais freqüente foi a multicêntrica, diagnosticada em 31 animais. A forma tímica, diagnosticada em dois animais, e a digestiva, em um animal, foram as outras formas anatômicas encontradas.