Effect of 20 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) sponges on reproductive parameters of dairy ovine breeds in Southern Italy

Background: Intravaginal devices containing progestins are widely used for oestrus synchronization in sheep. Progestins give economic benefits to farmers but may have some limitations and the efficacy strictly depends on farm management. There are different devices, with different molecules (progesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, fluorogestone acetate), different dosages and long (12-14 days) and short-term (5-7 days) protocols. Experimental studies often include a limited number of animals and are held at different latitudes and with different system of management. To our knowledge, there are few reports in the literature on field application of the recently licensed 20 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) sponges in large ewe flocks, excluding the registration trials. Materials, Methods & Results: This study was designed to evaluate oestrous synchronization in 2 different breeds. A total of 1100 Lacaune (L) and 618 Sarda (S) were assigned to 8 groups, comparing multiparous (M) and nulliparous (N) and those synchronized in November (n) and May (m). The groups were: LMm (n. 556), LNm (n. 180), SMm (n. 70), SNm (n. 32), LMn (n. 242), LNn (n. 222), SMn (n. 440) e SNn (n. 76). The intravaginal sponge was inserted for 14 days. At sponge withdrawal, eCG (400 IU, IM) was injected, and rams were joined into flocks 30 h later with a male/female ratio of 1:8. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed for pregnancy diagnosis after 30 days. Fertility parameters such as oestrus (OR), pregnancy (PR), lambing rates (LR) and prolificacy were calculated. Fisher exact test was used to compare parameters of each group with the corresponding and significance was set at P < 0.01. The use of intravaginal sponges in this study was easily performed in all animals. In nulliparous groups, digital insertion of the sponge, instead of the applicator, was preferred to avoid discomfort. Sponge loss was observed in 2% of treated ewes. At the removal of the sponge, mild vaginal contamination was observed in 90% of the ewes. Ultrasound finding of embryo resorption, pseudopregnancy and pyometra were found in rates under 2%. The loss of pregnancy ranged from 0 to 3.6% without significant differences among groups. The SMn group showed the best performances (0.91 OR, 0.88 PR, 0.85 LR), significantly higher than the other groups. Prolificacy was maximum in the LMn (1.68) and minimum in the SNm group (1.06), without significant differences among groups. Discussion: The 14-day regimen based on 20 mg FGA-releasing intravaginal devices is an easy and satisfactory synchronization regimen to improve the productivity and the fertility of sheep farm, and this can be managed and optimized in different breeding conditions. In this study, Sarda breed shows a good adaption to the environment with adult ewes giving the best results in reproductive season. However young Sarda ewes were less productive especially in non-breading season. Lacaune showed good reproductive potential, young and adult ewes responded to progestins in reproductive and non-reproductive season. It was confirmed that the reproductive performance is affected by season, age, and breed. This study encourages the breeding of indigenous breeds by implementing the management with modern technologies. The imported highly productive breeds, if well managed, can give a production less influenced by seasonal variables and age.

Intravaginal progesterone device (1. 9g) and estradiol benzoate for follicular control in the mare during spring and summer / [Implante intravaginal de progesterona (1, 9g) e benzoato de estradiol no controle folicular de éguas durante a primavera e o verão]

The objective of this study was to evaluate follicular growth and ovulatory rates in mares treated with an intravaginal progesterone device (P4) during the 10-day period, associated with the use of estradiol benzoate (EB). The results were compared during the transition period (ET) in the spring and the breeding season in the summer (ER). The variables were submitted to ANOVA (Tukey's test), considering P<0.05. No ovulation occurred during the permanence of the P4 implant in both experimental periods. The ovulatory rate in the ER was 100% (n = 8) and in the ET 62.5% (n = 5; P = 0.0547). Significant differences were observed (<0.001), in both periods, comparing follicular growth rates during the permanence of P4 device (ER: 1.33 ± 0.89mm/d; ET: 1.00 ± 0.81mm/d) to the period without P4 (ER: 3.63 ± 1.33 mm/d; ET: 3.31 ± 1.66 mm/d). The present study demonstrated applicability and efficiency of a hormonal protocol using P4 intravaginal device and EB for follicular control in mares, both during ET and ER.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a taxa de crescimento folicular e a taxa ovulatória em éguas tratadas com dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (P4) durante o período de 10 dias, associado à utilização de benzoato de estradiol (BE). Os resultados foram comparados durante o período de transição (ET) da primavera com a época de reprodução no verão (ER). As variáveis foram submetidas à ANOVA (teste de Tukey), considerando-se P<0,05. Nenhuma ovulação ocorreu durante a permanência do dispositivo de P4 em ambos os períodos experimentais. A taxa ovulatória na ER foi de 100% (n = 8) e na ET, de 62,5% (n=5; P=0,0547). Diferença significativas (<0,001) foram observadas, em ambos os períodos experimentais, comparando as taxas de crescimento folicular durante a permanência da P4 (ER: 1,33 ± 0,89mm/d; ET: 1,00 ± 0,81mm/d) com o período sem P4 (ER: 3,63 ± 1,33mm/d; ET: 3,31 ± 1,66mm/d). O presente estudo demonstrou aplicabilidade e eficiência do protocolo hormonal utilizando dispositivo intravaginal de P4 e BE para controle folicular de éguas, tanto na ET quanto na ER.

Hérnia perineal em cães / Perineal hernia in dogs

Background: Perineal hernia is a serious disease characterized by weakening or atrophy and separation of the muscles andfasciae of the perineal musculature, followed by the caudal displacement of pelvic and abdominal organs to the perineumregion. Treatment is invariably surgical and several approaches have been proposed, but complication and recurrence ratesremain high. This study aimed to evaluate 120 cases of perineal hernia treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba (HVU)from 2005 to 2020, addressing the clinical and surgical aspects and the postoperative period, seeking to identify the mostrelevant factors to improve care and treatment of future patients affected by this disease.Materials, Methods & Results: The medical records of dogs with a definitive diagnosis of perineal hernia were collected.The prevalence of perineal hernia was calculated. Data were obtained regarding sex, being castrated or not, age, bodymass, race, clinical signs, affected side, possibility of hernia reduction, treatments used, associated pathologies. Of the 120cases, only 69 underwent surgery at the HVU and from these cases data were obtained regarding hernia content, surgicaltechniques, surgical wires used, recurrences and postoperative complications. Fisher’s exact test was applied to assess theinfluence of the type of surgical treatment and surgical thread on the occurrence of complications and recurrences. Perineal hernia was the second most frequently observed hernia. Mixed breed, male, non-neutered and geriatric dogs were themost affected. The most frequently observed clinical signs were related to the digestive and urinary tract, consistent withthe most commonly found hernia contents (bladder, prostate and rectum). The simple herniorrhaphy technique was themost used and showed a high number of complications. The second most used technique was...

Hérnia perineal em cães / Perineal hernia in dogs

Background: Perineal hernia is a serious disease characterized by weakening or atrophy and separation of the muscles andfasciae of the perineal musculature, followed by the caudal displacement of pelvic and abdominal organs to the perineumregion. Treatment is invariably surgical and several approaches have been proposed, but complication and recurrence ratesremain high. This study aimed to evaluate 120 cases of perineal hernia treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba (HVU)from 2005 to 2020, addressing the clinical and surgical aspects and the postoperative period, seeking to identify the mostrelevant factors to improve care and treatment of future patients affected by this disease.Materials, Methods & Results: The medical records of dogs with a definitive diagnosis of perineal hernia were collected.The prevalence of perineal hernia was calculated. Data were obtained regarding sex, being castrated or not, age, bodymass, race, clinical signs, affected side, possibility of hernia reduction, treatments used, associated pathologies. Of the 120cases, only 69 underwent surgery at the HVU and from these cases data were obtained regarding hernia content, surgicaltechniques, surgical wires used, recurrences and postoperative complications. Fishers exact test was applied to assess theinfluence of the type of surgical treatment and surgical thread on the occurrence of complications and recurrences. Perineal hernia was the second most frequently observed hernia. Mixed breed, male, non-neutered and geriatric dogs were themost affected. The most frequently observed clinical signs were related to the digestive and urinary tract, consistent withthe most commonly found hernia contents (bladder, prostate and rectum). The simple herniorrhaphy technique was themost used and showed a high number of complications. The second most used technique was...(AU)

Retirada de corpo estranho (dispositivo impregnado com progesterona) da cavidade abdominal de novilha da raça Jersey ­ relato de caso / Removal of a foreign body (progesterone impregnated device) from the abdominal cavity of a Jersey heifer ­ a case report / Extracción de cuerpo extraño (dispositivo impregnado con progesterona) de la cavidad abdominal de novilla raza Jersey - reporte de caso

A inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) é uma biotécnica com inúmeras vantagens para a produção de bovinos. Para a realização da IATF, as fêmeas bovinas devem receber um protocolo farmacológico que induz a ovulação de forma sincronizada. Esse protocolo inicia com a inserção de um dispositivo impregnado com progesterona que deve permanecer no fundo vaginal da fêmea por tempo determinado. O presente relato tem por objetivo descrever a remoção de um implante impregnado com progesterona que foi encontrado na cavidade abdominal de uma novilha. Durante um atendimento reprodutivo de rotina em uma propriedade rural, uma novilha da raça Jersey, recém-adquirida, com histórico de ter sido submetida à IATF, foi avaliada para diagnóstico de gestação. No exame a novilha não estava gestante e apresentava um cisto folicular ovariano. A novilha foi submetida novamente à IATF em que foi inserido e removido um implante, com isso o cisto regrediu e ao inseminar a novilha não foi possível passar a cérvix com o aplicador. Vinte dias após a inseminação a novilha manifestou estro e ao ser avaliada para nova inseminação, foi identificado um implante solto na cavidade abdominal da novilha. Foi realizada uma laparotomia pelo flanco esquerdo e o implante foi removido. Após a recuperação da cirurgia a novilha foi inseminada e novamente e ficou gestante. Os protocolos de IATF devem ser realizados por profissionais capacitados para evitar problemas como a presente situação em que um implante foi encontrado na cavidade abdominal de uma novilha.(AU)

The fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) is a biotechnique with numerous advantages for cattle production. In order to perform the FTAI, the cows must receive a pharmacological protocol to induce ovulation in a synchronized way. This protocol begins with the insertion of a device impregnated with progesterone that must remain in the vaginal fundus of the cow for a specific period of time. This report aims at describing the removal of a progesterone impregnated implant that was found in the abdominal cavity of a heifer. During a routine reproductive service in a rural property, a recently acquired Jersey heifer, with history of having been submitted to FTAI, was evaluated for pregnancy diagnosis. At the exam, it was observed that the heifer was not pregnant and presented an ovarian follicular cyst. The heifer was then submitted to FTAI again, where an implant was inserted and removed. This made the cyst to recede, and upon subsequent insemination, the applicator was not able to pass the cervix. Twenty days after insemination, the heifer was in estrus and when it was evaluated for insemination, a loose implant was identified in the abdominal cavity of the heifer. A laparotomy was performed through the left flank and the implant was removed. After recovery from the surgery, the heifer was inseminated again and became pregnant. The FTAI protocols should only be carried out by trained professionals to avoid problems such as the one presented herein, where an implant was found in the abdominal cavity of a heifer.(AU)

La inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo (FTAI) es una biotécnica con numerosas ventajas para la producción de ganado. Para realizar FTAI, las hembras bovinas deben recibir un protocolo farmacológico que induzca la ovulación de forma sincronizada. Este protocolo comienza con la inserción de un dispositivo impregnado con progesterona que debe permanecer en el fondo vaginal de la hembra durante un tiempo específico. Este informe tiene como objetivo describir la extracción de un implante impregnado de progesterona que se encontró en la cavidad abdominal de una novilla. Durante la atención reproductiva de rutina en una propiedad rural, se evaluó el diagnóstico de preñez de una novilla de Jersey recién adquirida con antecedentes de someterse a FTAI. En el examen, la novilla no estaba embarazada y tenía un quiste folicular ovárico. La novilla fue nuevamente sometida a FTAI, en la cual se insertó y removió un implante, con esto el quiste retrocedió y al inseminar a la novilla no fue posible pasar el cérvix con el aplicador. Veinte días después de la inseminación, la vaquilla manifestó estro y cuando se evaluó para una nueva inseminación, se identificó un implante suelto en la cavidad abdominal de la vaquilla. Se realizó una laparotomía a través del flanco izquierdo y se extrajo el implante. Después de recuperarse de la cirugía, la novilla fue inseminada y nuevamente quedó embarazada. Los protocolos FTAI deben ser realizados por profesionales capacitados para evitar problemas como la situación actual donde se encontró un implante en la cavidad abdominal de una novilla.(AU)

Avaliação metabólica de um dispositivo intravaginal polimérico para a administração de cálcio e magnésio em ruminantes / Metabolic evaluation of a polymer intravaginal device for the administration of calcium and magnesium in ruminants

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a disponibilidade de cálcio (Ca2+) a partir de duas formas farmacêuticas (oral e intravaginal) e o seu efeito sobre o metabolismo de ruminantes. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda experimental da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, foram estudadas 24 ovelhas lactantes, divididas de forma randomizada em 4 grupos: dispositivo tratamento (DT); dispositivo controle (DC); oral tratamento (OT); e oral controle (OC). Os animais tratados receberam formiato de cálcio e cloreto de magnésio, as avaliações foram realizadas após a administração dos tratamentos. Foi feita avaliação de cálcio total (CaT), magnésio (Mg), proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutamil transpeptidase (GGT), ureia, albumina e pH urinário, e realizado exame clínico em todos os animais. As concentrações séricas de CaT, CaI e Mg diferiram entre os grupos (P≤ 0,05), os animais dos grupos DT e DC, diferiram nas três avaliações, o grupo DT apresentou as maiores médias, sendo significativamente igual ao grupo OT. Não houve diferença nas concentrações séricas de PPT, AST, GGT, Albumina, Ureia e pH urinário. Conclui-se que a disponibilidade sanguínea de CaT, CaI e Mg é igual quando a administração de formiato de cálcio e magnésio é por via intravaginal ou por via oral, sem alterar outros parâmetros metabólicos avaliados.(AU)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the availability of calcium (Ca2+) from two pharmaceutical forms (oral and intravaginal) and its effect on the metabolism of ruminants. The study was carried out at the experimental farm of the Federal University of Pelotas. Twenty-four lactating ewes were randomly divided into 4 groups: treatment device (TD); control device (DC); oral treatment (OT); and oral control (OC). Treated animals received calcium formate and magnesium chloride, evaluations were performed after administration of the treatments. Total calcium (CaT), magnesium (Mg), total plasma proteins (PPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), urea, albumin and urinary pH, and clinical examination were performed on all animals. Serum CaT, CaI and Mg levels differed between the groups (P≤ 0.05), the animals in the DT and DC groups differed in the three evaluations, the DT group had the highest mean values, being significantly equal to the OT group. There was no difference in the serum concentrations of PPT, AST, GGT, Albumin, Urea and urinary pH. In conclusion, the blood availability of CaT, CaI and Mg is the same when administration of calcium and magnesium formate is intravaginal or orally, without altering other metabolic parameters evaluated.(AU)

Avaliação metabólica de um dispositivo intravaginal polimérico para a administração de cálcio e magnésio em ruminantes / Metabolic evaluation of a polymer intravaginal device for the administration of calcium and magnesium in ruminants

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a disponibilidade de cálcio (Ca2+) a partir de duas formas farmacêuticas (oral e intravaginal) e o seu efeito sobre o metabolismo de ruminantes. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda experimental da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, foram estudadas 24 ovelhas lactantes, divididas de forma randomizada em 4 grupos: dispositivo tratamento (DT); dispositivo controle (DC); oral tratamento (OT); e oral controle (OC). Os animais tratados receberam formiato de cálcio e cloreto de magnésio, as avaliações foram realizadas após a administração dos tratamentos. Foi feita avaliação de cálcio total (CaT), magnésio (Mg), proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutamil transpeptidase (GGT), ureia, albumina e pH urinário, e realizado exame clínico em todos os animais. As concentrações séricas de CaT, CaI e Mg diferiram entre os grupos (P≤ 0,05), os animais dos grupos DT e DC, diferiram nas três avaliações, o grupo DT apresentou as maiores médias, sendo significativamente igual ao grupo OT. Não houve diferença nas concentrações séricas de PPT, AST, GGT, Albumina, Ureia e pH urinário. Conclui-se que a disponibilidade sanguínea de CaT, CaI e Mg é igual quando a administração de formiato de cálcio e magnésio é por via intravaginal ou por via oral, sem alterar outros parâmetros metabólicos avaliados.(AU)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the availability of calcium (Ca2+) from two pharmaceutical forms (oral and intravaginal) and its effect on the metabolism of ruminants. The study was carried out at the experimental farm of the Federal University of Pelotas. Twenty-four lactating ewes were randomly divided into 4 groups: treatment device (TD); control device (DC); oral treatment (OT); and oral control (OC). Treated animals received calcium formate and magnesium chloride, evaluations were performed after administration of the treatments. Total calcium (CaT), magnesium (Mg), total plasma proteins (PPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), urea, albumin and urinary pH, and clinical examination were performed on all animals. Serum CaT, CaI and Mg levels differed between the groups (P≤ 0.05), the animals in the DT and DC groups differed in the three evaluations, the DT group had the highest mean values, being significantly equal to the OT group. There was no difference in the serum concentrations of PPT, AST, GGT, Albumin, Urea and urinary pH. In conclusion, the blood availability of CaT, CaI and Mg is the same when administration of calcium and magnesium formate is intravaginal or orally, without altering other metabolic parameters evaluated.(AU)

Particularidades na inseminação artificial em tempo fixo de bubalinos na Amazônia / Particularities in fixed-time artificial insemination of buffaloes in the Amazon

A Inseminação artificial em bubalinos na Amazônia completa 39 anos, a primeira ocorreu 1981, na ilha do Marajó. Entre 1976 a 1980 pesquisas se concentraram nas particularidades do comportamento sexual e das estratégias de colheita do sêmen e posteriormente na criopreservação. Aproximadamente 6.000 búfalas já foram inseminadas, na Amazônia, e ainda não, insemina-se mais de 0,87% do rebanho. Na inseminação convencional em detrimento da fraca expressão no cio, o uso do rufião é fundamental. Em criações extensivas a inseminação deve ser precedida de vacinações e esterilização uterina. O dispositivo intra-vaginal de progesterona de 2° e 3° usos e dose única, apresentaram bons resultados. Búfalas com ECC 3,0 a 3,75 é dispensável o uso do eCG. A hidrografia do rio Amazonas influencia na logística da IATF. Setembro a dezembro (época de vazante) consideramos a estação de reprodução favorável em criações na várzea. Em criações de terra firme a estação favorável ocorre entre os meses de janeiro a junho, (estação mais chuvosa). O protocolo mais usado é o Ovsynch, Ovsynch associado aprogesterona e o protocolo (-D30) primeira dose de vacina; no dia zero (D0); reforço vacinal e dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona, BE ou GnRH; (D9) PGF2α, eCG; (D11) GnRH e no dia doze (D12), IATF. Evitar estresse e traumas antes das inseminações, usar locais sombreado, água a vontade e liberação imediata após o serviço, evitar novilhas imaturas sexualmente, usar vacas multíparas mantendo ou ganhando o peso. A taxa de prenhes está entre 20 a 70% e a média em 52,6%.

Artificial insemination in buffaloes in the Amazon is 39 years old, the first occurred in 1981, on the island of Marajo. Between 1976 and 1980, research focused on the particularities of sexual behavior and semen collection strategies and later on cryopreservation. Approximately 6.000 buffaloes have already been inseminated in the Amazon, and not yet, more than 0.87% of the herd were inseminated. In conventional insemination to the at the expense of weak expression in heat, the use of the heat detector bull is essential. In extensive breeding, insemination should be preceded by vaccinations and uterine sterilization. The intra-vaginal progesterone deviceof 2nd and 3rd uses and single dose, showed good results. Buffaloes with ECC 3.0 to 3.75 the use of eCG is not necessary. The hydrography of the Amazon River influences the logistics of the IATF. September to December (dry river season) we consider the breeding season to be favorable for breeding in the creations in flooded area. In high land creations, the favorable season occurs between the months of January to June, (rainiest season). The most used protocol is Ovsynch, Ovsynch associated with progesterone and the protocol (-D30) first vaccine dose; on day zero (D0); vaccine booster and intravaginal progesterone, BE or GnRH device; (D9) PGF2α, eCG; (D11) GnRH and on the 12th (D12) IATF. Prevent stress and trauma before insemination, use shaded places, water at will and immediate release after the service avoid sexually immature heifers, use multíparas cows to maintain orgain weight. The pregnancy rate is between 20 and 70% and the average is 52.6%.

Particularidades na inseminação artificial em tempo fixo de bubalinos na Amazônia / Particularities in fixed-time artificial insemination of buffaloes in the Amazon

A Inseminação artificial em bubalinos na Amazônia completa 39 anos, a primeira ocorreu 1981, na ilha do Marajó. Entre 1976 a 1980 pesquisas se concentraram nas particularidades do comportamento sexual e das estratégias de colheita do sêmen e posteriormente na criopreservação. Aproximadamente 6.000 búfalas já foram inseminadas, na Amazônia, e ainda não, insemina-se mais de 0,87% do rebanho. Na inseminação convencional em detrimento da fraca expressão no cio, o uso do rufião é fundamental. Em criações extensivas a inseminação deve ser precedida de vacinações e esterilização uterina. O dispositivo intra-vaginal de progesterona de 2° e 3° usos e dose única, apresentaram bons resultados. Búfalas com ECC 3,0 a 3,75 é dispensável o uso do eCG. A hidrografia do rio Amazonas influencia na logística da IATF. Setembro a dezembro (época de vazante) consideramos a estação de reprodução favorável em criações na várzea. Em criações de terra firme a estação favorável ocorre entre os meses de janeiro a junho, (estação mais chuvosa). O protocolo mais usado é o Ovsynch, Ovsynch associado aprogesterona e o protocolo (-D30) primeira dose de vacina; no dia zero (D0); reforço vacinal e dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona, BE ou GnRH; (D9) PGF2α, eCG; (D11) GnRH e no dia doze (D12), IATF. Evitar estresse e traumas antes das inseminações, usar locais sombreado, água a vontade e liberação imediata após o serviço, evitar novilhas imaturas sexualmente, usar vacas multíparas mantendo ou ganhando o peso. A taxa de prenhes está entre 20 a 70% e a média em 52,6%.(AU)

Artificial insemination in buffaloes in the Amazon is 39 years old, the first occurred in 1981, on the island of Marajo. Between 1976 and 1980, research focused on the particularities of sexual behavior and semen collection strategies and later on cryopreservation. Approximately 6.000 buffaloes have already been inseminated in the Amazon, and not yet, more than 0.87% of the herd were inseminated. In conventional insemination to the at the expense of weak expression in heat, the use of the heat detector bull is essential. In extensive breeding, insemination should be preceded by vaccinations and uterine sterilization. The intra-vaginal progesterone deviceof 2nd and 3rd uses and single dose, showed good results. Buffaloes with ECC 3.0 to 3.75 the use of eCG is not necessary. The hydrography of the Amazon River influences the logistics of the IATF. September to December (dry river season) we consider the breeding season to be favorable for breeding in the creations in flooded area. In high land creations, the favorable season occurs between the months of January to June, (rainiest season). The most used protocol is Ovsynch, Ovsynch associated with progesterone and the protocol (-D30) first vaccine dose; on day zero (D0); vaccine booster and intravaginal progesterone, BE or GnRH device; (D9) PGF2α, eCG; (D11) GnRH and on the 12th (D12) IATF. Prevent stress and trauma before insemination, use shaded places, water at will and immediate release after the service avoid sexually immature heifers, use multíparas cows to maintain orgain weight. The pregnancy rate is between 20 and 70% and the average is 52.6%.(AU)

Factors associated with pregnancy rate in fixed-time embryo transfer in cattle under humid-tropical conditions of México

The objective was to determine the effect of some factors on pregnancy rate of fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET), in cows and heifers kept under Mexican tropical conditions. Recipients females (n=405) grazing in pastures were selected according to breed group (Zebu and crosses), parity (nulliparous and multiparous), body condition score (BCS) and the presence of a corpus luteum (CL). The females were synchronized on day 0 using a progesterone vaginal device and 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB), two groups were established. Group 1 (conventional protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 7. At this time, also received an injection of 50 mg cloprostenol sodium and 1 mg estradiol cypionate. Animals also received 300 IU (heifers) or 360 IU (cows) of eCG. Group 2 (J-Synch protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 6. Cloprotenol and eCG injections were applied as in Group 1. Additionally, on day 9, animals of group 2 received 0.01 mg buserelin acetate. Embryo transfer of in vivo or in vitro was done on day 16 and pregnancy diagnosis was realized by ultrasonography on days 23 and 53 after FTET. Statistical analyses were carried out using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. Pregnancy rate varied between farms (P0.05). However, the logistic regression determined that the only significant factor on pregnancy rate was the type of embryo. In conclusion, pregnancy rate in FTET females was higher for in vivo embryos than for in vitro embryos in cows evaluated under humid tropical conditions in Mexico.

Factors associated with pregnancy rate in fixed-time embryo transfer in cattle under humid-tropical conditions of México

The objective was to determine the effect of some factors on pregnancy rate of fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET), in cows and heifers kept under Mexican tropical conditions. Recipients females (n=405) grazing in pastures were selected according to breed group (Zebu and crosses), parity (nulliparous and multiparous), body condition score (BCS) and the presence of a corpus luteum (CL). The females were synchronized on day 0 using a progesterone vaginal device and 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB), two groups were established. Group 1 (conventional protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 7. At this time, also received an injection of 50 mg cloprostenol sodium and 1 mg estradiol cypionate. Animals also received 300 IU (heifers) or 360 IU (cows) of eCG. Group 2 (J-Synch protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 6. Cloprotenol and eCG injections were applied as in Group 1. Additionally, on day 9, animals of group 2 received 0.01 mg buserelin acetate. Embryo transfer of in vivo or in vitro was done on day 16 and pregnancy diagnosis was realized by ultrasonography on days 23 and 53 after FTET. Statistical analyses were carried out using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. Pregnancy rate varied between farms (P<0.05). The highest pregnancy rate was for multiparous cows (66%). The recipient utilization rate was better in the J-Synch protocol (85%), and in vivo embryos (75%) had higher pregnancy rate. The diameter of the follicle and the CL had no effect on pregnancy rate (P>0.05). However, the logistic regression determined that the only significant factor on pregnancy rate was the type of embryo. In conclusion, pregnancy rate in FTET females was higher for in vivo embryos than for in vitro embryos in cows evaluated under humid tropical conditions in Mexico.(AU)

Use of endometrial vascular perfusion by color Doppler, B-mode ultrasonography and cytology for diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in Holstein cows / Uso da perfusão vascular endometrial por Doppler colorido, ultrassonografia modo B e citologia no diagnóstico de endometrite subclínica em vacas da raça Holandesa

The aim was to evaluate the use of ultrasonography color Doppler mode for diagnosis the subclinical endometritis (SE) in dairy cows. Lactating Holstein cows on a semi intensive system were evaluated (n= 152) and distributed into two groups (C1 and C2). The C1 (n = 60) was composed of primiparous and the C2 (n = 92) by pluriparous. All females (C1 and C2) were submitted gynaecological examination by transrectal palpation and evaluation with the Metricheck device (MD) and endometrial cytology (EC) to determine the percentage of neutrophils (PMNs). Ultrasonographic examinations were performed in the B mode for the presence of echogenic intrauterine fluid (IUF-e) and for color Doppler mode endometrial vascular perfusion evaluation (ENDOVP). Data were submitted to ANOVA with Pearson correlation and chi-square test at 5%. In the evaluation with MD, 16.7% of the cows in the C1 and 17.4% in the C2 were considered inapt. Regarding SE prevalence was 24.0% (C1) and 44.7% (C2). As far as the ultrasound evaluation of the IUF-e was present in 68.0% of the cows of the C1 and in 75.0% in the C2. In the ENDOVP, scores 1 (38.0%), 2 (36.5%), 3 (23.0%) and 4 (8.7%) were evidenced. There was a correlation between ENDOVP and PMN in C1 (r = 0.8336) and in C2 (r = 0.7196). Therefore, it is concluded that ENDOVP proved to be efficient for the diagnosis of SE, in view of its strong correlation with PMN.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar o uso da ultrassonografia no modo Doppler colorido para o diagnóstico da endometrite subclínica (ES) em vacas leiteiras. Vacas da raça Holandesa foram avaliadas (n = 152) em lactação e mantidas em sistema semi-intensivo. Elas foram distribuídas em dois grupos (C1 e C2). O C1 (n = 60) foi composto por primíparas e o C2 (n = 92) por pluríparas. Todas as vacas (C1 e C2) foram submetidas a exame ginecológico por palpação transretal e avaliação com o dispositivo Metricheck (DM). Depois, amostras foram coletadas para citologia endometrial (CE) para determinar a porcentagem de neutrófilos (PMNs). Os exames ultrassonográficos foram realizados no modo B para a presença de líquido intra-uterino ecogênico (IUF-e) e para avaliação da perfusão vascular endometrial no modo Doppler colorido (ENDOVP). Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA com correlação de Pearson e teste do qui-quadrado a 5%. Na avaliação com DM, 16,7% das vacas no C1 e 17,4% no C2 foram consideradas inaptas. Em relação a prevalência de ES, foi de 24,0% (C1) e 44,7% (C2). Quanto à avaliação ultrassonográfica do IUF-e, esteve presente em 68,0% das vacas do C1 e em 75,0% no C2. Na avaliação da ENDOVP, foram evidenciados os escores 1 (38,0%), 2 (36,5%), 3 (23,0%) e 4 (8,7%). Houve correlação entre ENDOVP e PMN no C1 (r = 0,8336) e no C2 (r = 0,7196). Portanto, conclui-se que a ENDOVP se mostrou eficiente para o diagnóstico de ES, tendo em vista sua forte correlação com os PMN.(AU)

Use of endometrial vascular perfusion by color Doppler, B-mode ultrasonography and cytology for diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in Holstein cows / Uso da perfusão vascular endometrial por Doppler colorido, ultrassonografia modo B e citologia no diagnóstico de endometrite subclínica em vacas da raça Holandesa

The aim was to evaluate the use of ultrasonography color Doppler mode for diagnosis the subclinical endometritis (SE) in dairy cows. Lactating Holstein cows on a semi intensive system were evaluated (n= 152) and distributed into two groups (C1 and C2). The C1 (n = 60) was composed of primiparous and the C2 (n = 92) by pluriparous. All females (C1 and C2) were submitted gynaecological examination by transrectal palpation and evaluation with the Metricheck device (MD) and endometrial cytology (EC) to determine the percentage of neutrophils (PMNs). Ultrasonographic examinations were performed in the B mode for the presence of echogenic intrauterine fluid (IUF-e) and for color Doppler mode endometrial vascular perfusion evaluation (ENDOVP). Data were submitted to ANOVA with Pearson correlation and chi-square test at 5%. In the evaluation with MD, 16.7% of the cows in the C1 and 17.4% in the C2 were considered inapt. Regarding SE prevalence was 24.0% (C1) and 44.7% (C2). As far as the ultrasound evaluation of the IUF-e was present in 68.0% of the cows of the C1 and in 75.0% in the C2. In the ENDOVP, scores 1 (38.0%), 2 (36.5%), 3 (23.0%) and 4 (8.7%) were evidenced. There was a correlation between ENDOVP and PMN in C1 (r = 0.8336) and in C2 (r = 0.7196). Therefore, it is concluded that ENDOVP proved to be efficient for the diagnosis of SE, in view of its strong correlation with PMN.

O objetivo foi avaliar o uso da ultrassonografia no modo Doppler colorido para o diagnóstico da endometrite subclínica (ES) em vacas leiteiras. Vacas da raça Holandesa foram avaliadas (n = 152) em lactação e mantidas em sistema semi-intensivo. Elas foram distribuídas em dois grupos (C1 e C2). O C1 (n = 60) foi composto por primíparas e o C2 (n = 92) por pluríparas. Todas as vacas (C1 e C2) foram submetidas a exame ginecológico por palpação transretal e avaliação com o dispositivo Metricheck (DM). Depois, amostras foram coletadas para citologia endometrial (CE) para determinar a porcentagem de neutrófilos (PMNs). Os exames ultrassonográficos foram realizados no modo B para a presença de líquido intra-uterino ecogênico (IUF-e) e para avaliação da perfusão vascular endometrial no modo Doppler colorido (ENDOVP). Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA com correlação de Pearson e teste do qui-quadrado a 5%. Na avaliação com DM, 16,7% das vacas no C1 e 17,4% no C2 foram consideradas inaptas. Em relação a prevalência de ES, foi de 24,0% (C1) e 44,7% (C2). Quanto à avaliação ultrassonográfica do IUF-e, esteve presente em 68,0% das vacas do C1 e em 75,0% no C2. Na avaliação da ENDOVP, foram evidenciados os escores 1 (38,0%), 2 (36,5%), 3 (23,0%) e 4 (8,7%). Houve correlação entre ENDOVP e PMN no C1 (r = 0,8336) e no C2 (r = 0,7196). Portanto, conclui-se que a ENDOVP se mostrou eficiente para o diagnóstico de ES, tendo em vista sua forte correlação com os PMN.

Efeito de dispositivos vaginais impregnados com alta ou baixa concentração de progesterona na taxa de prenhez de novilhas submetidas à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo / Effect of low- or high-dose intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices on pregnancy rates of beef heifers submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de dispositivos intravaginais contendo doses altas ou baixas de progesterona (P4) na taxa de prenhez de novilhas zebuínas submetidas à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). Novilhas Bos indicus (Nelore) receberam, no dia 0, uma injeção via intramuscular (im) de 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE) e, em seguida, foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos. Nos grupos 1 (n = 80) e 2 (n = 79) foi colocado um dispositivo intravaginal contendo 1,9 g (grupo 1) e 0,75 g (grupo 2) de P4, enquanto que o grupo 3 (n = 76) não recebeu dispositivo. Os dispositivos intravaginais foram removidos no dia 8, juntamente com a aplicação im de uma dose luteolíticade cloprostenol. Metade dos animais de cada grupo recebeu, adicionalmente, uma injeção im de 300 UI de eCG. Vinte e quatro horas depois, todos animais receberam uma segunda aplicação im de 1 mg de BE e foram inseminados 54-56 horas após a aplicação de cloprostenol. O diagnóstico de prenhez foi realizado 40 dias após a IATF, por meio de ultrassonografia transretal. Os dados foram analisados por regressão logística. As taxas de prenhez foram de 27,5%, 30,4% e 28,9% para os grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente (P>0,05). A injeção de eCG, bem como outras variáveis tais como escore corporal, fazenda e presença de CL no início dos tratamentos não influenciaram esse resultado. Em conclusão, o uso de dispositivos intravaginas contendo alto (1,9 g) ou baixo (0,75 g) teor de P4 resultou em semelhantes taxas de prenhez após IATF de novilhas Nelore púberes.

This study aimed to evaluate the use of low- or high-dose intravaginal progesterone (P4)-releasing devices on pregnancy rates of Zebu heifers submitted to fixed-timed artificial insemination (TAI). Pubertal Bos indicus Nellore heifers were injected at day 0 with 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and assigned randomly to three groups. An intravaginal device containing 1.9 or 0.75 g P4 was inserted in animals of groups 1 (n=80) and 2 (n=79), while group 3 (n=76) received no device. The intravaginal devices were removed on day 8 and one luteolytic dose (125 μg) of d-cloprostenol was administered. Half of the animals in each group additionally received 300 IU of eCG. Twenty-four hours later, the heifers received a second injection of 1 mg EB and TAI was performed 54 hours after the injection of cloprostenol. Pregnancy was diagnosed 40 days after TAI by transrectal ultrasonography. Data were analyzed by logistic regression. Pregnancy rates were 27.5%, 30.4% and 28.9% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P>0.05). This result was not influenced by body score, farm, eCG, or presence of CL at the beginning of the treatments. In conclusion, the use of intravaginal devices containing either a high (1.9 g) or low (0.75 g) dose of P4 resulted in similar pregnancy rates after TAI in pubertal Nellore heifers.

Efeito de dispositivos vaginais impregnados com alta ou baixa concentração de progesterona na taxa de prenhez de novilhas submetidas à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo / Effect of low- or high-dose intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices on pregnancy rates of beef heifers submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de dispositivos intravaginais contendo doses altas ou baixas de progesterona (P4) na taxa de prenhez de novilhas zebuínas submetidas à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). Novilhas Bos indicus (Nelore) receberam, no dia 0, uma injeção via intramuscular (im) de 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE) e, em seguida, foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos. Nos grupos 1 (n = 80) e 2 (n = 79) foi colocado um dispositivo intravaginal contendo 1,9 g (grupo 1) e 0,75 g (grupo 2) de P4, enquanto que o grupo 3 (n = 76) não recebeu dispositivo. Os dispositivos intravaginais foram removidos no dia 8, juntamente com a aplicação im de uma dose luteolíticade cloprostenol. Metade dos animais de cada grupo recebeu, adicionalmente, uma injeção im de 300 UI de eCG. Vinte e quatro horas depois, todos animais receberam uma segunda aplicação im de 1 mg de BE e foram inseminados 54-56 horas após a aplicação de cloprostenol. O diagnóstico de prenhez foi realizado 40 dias após a IATF, por meio de ultrassonografia transretal. Os dados foram analisados por regressão logística. As taxas de prenhez foram de 27,5%, 30,4% e 28,9% para os grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente (P>0,05). A injeção de eCG, bem como outras variáveis tais como escore corporal, fazenda e presença de CL no início dos tratamentos não influenciaram esse resultado. Em conclusão, o uso de dispositivos intravaginas contendo alto (1,9 g) ou baixo (0,75 g) teor de P4 resultou em semelhantes taxas de prenhez após IATF de novilhas Nelore púberes.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the use of low- or high-dose intravaginal progesterone (P4)-releasing devices on pregnancy rates of Zebu heifers submitted to fixed-timed artificial insemination (TAI). Pubertal Bos indicus Nellore heifers were injected at day 0 with 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and assigned randomly to three groups. An intravaginal device containing 1.9 or 0.75 g P4 was inserted in animals of groups 1 (n=80) and 2 (n=79), while group 3 (n=76) received no device. The intravaginal devices were removed on day 8 and one luteolytic dose (125 μg) of d-cloprostenol was administered. Half of the animals in each group additionally received 300 IU of eCG. Twenty-four hours later, the heifers received a second injection of 1 mg EB and TAI was performed 54 hours after the injection of cloprostenol. Pregnancy was diagnosed 40 days after TAI by transrectal ultrasonography. Data were analyzed by logistic regression. Pregnancy rates were 27.5%, 30.4% and 28.9% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P>0.05). This result was not influenced by body score, farm, eCG, or presence of CL at the beginning of the treatments. In conclusion, the use of intravaginal devices containing either a high (1.9 g) or low (0.75 g) dose of P4 resulted in similar pregnancy rates after TAI in pubertal Nellore heifers.(AU)

Evaluation of follicular growth and progesterone production in Bos taurus cows strategically treated with insulin / Avaliação do crescimento folicular e da produção de progesterona em vacas Bos taurus tratadas estrategicamente com insulina

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of strategic insulin administration on follicular growth, progesterone production, and pregnancy rate in beef cattle. Two experiments were conducted, in experiment 1, 215 cows crossbreed cows (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) (Control Group, n = 109; Insulin Group, n = 106) were submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) with application of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and a vaginal device containing progesterone on day 0. On day 9, the device was removed and 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate was administered with 12.5 mg of dinoprost and 0.25 UI kg-1 of insulin for the treated animals. On day 11, artificial insemination (AI) was performed on all animals. On days 9 and 11 according to the protocol, was evaluated follicular growth and estrus manifestation, and 30 days after AI the pregnancy rate. In experiment 2, 85 cows were utilized, including Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, and crossbreeds (Control Group, n = 49 and Insulin Group, n = 36), and were submitted to the protocol for fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET), and progesterone concentrations were evaluated. On day 0, the cows received 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and a vaginal device containing progesterone. On day 5 of the protocol, 0.150 mg of cloprostenol was administered. On day 8, the vaginal device was removed and 20 mg of purified porcine pituitary extract and 0.25 UI kg-1 of insulin was given to the animals in the treatment group, and on day 9, 1 mg of estradiol benzoate was administered. On day 17, an embryo transfer was performed and blood collection for evaluation of progesterone levels in animals submitted to FTET were collected. In experiment 1, the follicular growth rate and the pregnancy rate were similar between groups (P > 0.05) and in experiment 2, the production of P4 was not different between the animals that received the insulin application and the control group...

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação estratégica de insulina sobre o crescimento folicular, produção de progesterona e taxa de prenhez em bovinos de corte. Foram realizados 2 experimentos, no experimento 1, 215 vacas cruzas (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) (Grupo Controle = 109; Grupo Insulina = 106) foram submetidas a um protocolo que consistiu na aplicação de 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol e inserção de um dispositivo intravaginal de liberação lenta de progesterona (P4) sendo este o dia zero do protocolo. No dia 9, foi realizada a remoção do dispositivo de P4, a aplicação de 0,5 mg de cipionato de estradiol, e 12,5 mg de dinoprost. Os animais do grupo insulina receberam ainda a aplicação de 0,25 UI kg-1 de insulina. No dia 11 foi realizada a inseminação artificial de todos os animais. Nos dias 9 e 11 de acordo com o protocolo, foi avaliado crescimento folicular e manifestação de estro, e 30 dias após IA foi avaliado a taxa de prenhez. O experimento 2 foi realizado com 85 vacas da raça Aberdeen Angus, Hereford e cruzas (Grupo Controle = 49; Grupo Insulina = 36) submetidas a um protocolo de Transferência de Embrião em Tempo Fixo (TETF). No dia 0 fez-se aplicação de 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol e a inserção de um dispositivo intravaginal de liberação lenta de progesterona. No 5º dia do protocolo foi aplicado 0,150 mg de d- Cloprostenol. No dia 8 fez-se a remoção do dispositivo de P4 e aplicação de 20 mg de foltropina de pituitária suína e de 0,25 UI kg-1 de insulina nos animais tratados e no dia 9 foi aplicado 1 mg de benzoato de estradiol. No dia 17 procedeu-se com a transferência dos embriões e coleta de sangue para avaliação dos níveis de progesterona nos animais submetidos a TETF. No experimento 1 a taxa de crescimento folicular e a taxa de prenhez foram semelhantes entre os grupos (P > 0,05) e no experimento 2 a produção de P4 não foi diferente entre os animais que receberam a aplicação de insulina e o grupo controle...

Evaluation of follicular growth and progesterone production in Bos taurus cows strategically treated with insulin / Avaliação do crescimento folicular e da produção de progesterona em vacas Bos taurus tratadas estrategicamente com insulina

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of strategic insulin administration on follicular growth, progesterone production, and pregnancy rate in beef cattle. Two experiments were conducted, in experiment 1, 215 cows crossbreed cows (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) (Control Group, n = 109; Insulin Group, n = 106) were submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) with application of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and a vaginal device containing progesterone on day 0. On day 9, the device was removed and 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate was administered with 12.5 mg of dinoprost and 0.25 UI kg-1 of insulin for the treated animals. On day 11, artificial insemination (AI) was performed on all animals. On days 9 and 11 according to the protocol, was evaluated follicular growth and estrus manifestation, and 30 days after AI the pregnancy rate. In experiment 2, 85 cows were utilized, including Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, and crossbreeds (Control Group, n = 49 and Insulin Group, n = 36), and were submitted to the protocol for fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET), and progesterone concentrations were evaluated. On day 0, the cows received 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and a vaginal device containing progesterone. On day 5 of the protocol, 0.150 mg of cloprostenol was administered. On day 8, the vaginal device was removed and 20 mg of purified porcine pituitary extract and 0.25 UI kg-1 of insulin was given to the animals in the treatment group, and on day 9, 1 mg of estradiol benzoate was administered. On day 17, an embryo transfer was performed and blood collection for evaluation of progesterone levels in animals submitted to FTET were collected. In experiment 1, the follicular growth rate and the pregnancy rate were similar between groups (P > 0.05) and in experiment 2, the production of P4 was not different between the animals that received the insulin application and the control group...(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação estratégica de insulina sobre o crescimento folicular, produção de progesterona e taxa de prenhez em bovinos de corte. Foram realizados 2 experimentos, no experimento 1, 215 vacas cruzas (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) (Grupo Controle = 109; Grupo Insulina = 106) foram submetidas a um protocolo que consistiu na aplicação de 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol e inserção de um dispositivo intravaginal de liberação lenta de progesterona (P4) sendo este o dia zero do protocolo. No dia 9, foi realizada a remoção do dispositivo de P4, a aplicação de 0,5 mg de cipionato de estradiol, e 12,5 mg de dinoprost. Os animais do grupo insulina receberam ainda a aplicação de 0,25 UI kg-1 de insulina. No dia 11 foi realizada a inseminação artificial de todos os animais. Nos dias 9 e 11 de acordo com o protocolo, foi avaliado crescimento folicular e manifestação de estro, e 30 dias após IA foi avaliado a taxa de prenhez. O experimento 2 foi realizado com 85 vacas da raça Aberdeen Angus, Hereford e cruzas (Grupo Controle = 49; Grupo Insulina = 36) submetidas a um protocolo de Transferência de Embrião em Tempo Fixo (TETF). No dia 0 fez-se aplicação de 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol e a inserção de um dispositivo intravaginal de liberação lenta de progesterona. No 5º dia do protocolo foi aplicado 0,150 mg de d- Cloprostenol. No dia 8 fez-se a remoção do dispositivo de P4 e aplicação de 20 mg de foltropina de pituitária suína e de 0,25 UI kg-1 de insulina nos animais tratados e no dia 9 foi aplicado 1 mg de benzoato de estradiol. No dia 17 procedeu-se com a transferência dos embriões e coleta de sangue para avaliação dos níveis de progesterona nos animais submetidos a TETF. No experimento 1 a taxa de crescimento folicular e a taxa de prenhez foram semelhantes entre os grupos (P > 0,05) e no experimento 2 a produção de P4 não foi diferente entre os animais que receberam a aplicação de insulina e o grupo controle...(AU)

Parâmetros reprodutivos após indução de estro com diferentes intervalos de permanência do dispositivo vaginal em cabras Toggenburg acíclicas / Reproductive parameters after induction of estrus with different ranges of the vaginal device in acyclic Toggenburg goats

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o comportamento sexual e a dinâmica ovulatória de cabras da raça Toggenburg após a indução do estro com dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona durante seis, nove e 12 dias de permanência. No momento da inserção do dispositivo e 24 horas antes da retirada do dispositivo, foi administrado 5mg de dinoprost e 200UI de eCG, respectivamente. A dinâmica ovulatória foi acompanhada por ultrassonografia a cada oito horas, enquanto o estro foi observado a cada 12 horas. Todas as cabras apresentaram estro. O intervalo da retirada do dispositivo ao início do estro foi de 29,5 ± 9,6 para G6dias; 34,0 ± 6,0 e 32,4 ± 7,7h, G9dias e G12dias, respectivamente. Igualmente, foi encontrada diferença (P<0,05) entre o G6dias e os outros grupos. A duração do estro diferiu (P<0,05) entre o G6dias (36,0 ± 12,6) e os outros dois grupos (G9dias: 31,2 ± 14,3; G12dias: 33,4 ± 8,6). A taxa de ovulação (81%; 89,5% e; 71,4%), intervalo da retirada do dispositivo à ovulação (50,5 ± 11,4; 46,3 ± 5,9 e; 46,7 ± 8,3), diâmetro do maior folículo (6,6 ± 0,3; 6,6 ± 0,9 e; 6,9 ± 0,8) diâmetro do segundo maior folículo (6,4 ± 0,7; 6,6 ± 0,8 e; 6,8 ± 0,6) e o número de folículos ovulados (1,5 ± 0,6; 1,7 ± 0,6 e 2,0 ± 0,9) para G6dias, G9dias e G12dias, respectivamente, foram semelhantes (P>0,05). Todos os protocolos foram eficientes em induzir o estro sincronizado em cabras da raça Toggenburg, trabalhando em conjunto com a eficiência reprodutiva e produtiva desses animais.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the sexual behavior and the ovulatory dynamics of Toggenburg goats after induction of synchronized estrus by an intravaginal progesterone device for six, nine and twelve days. At the device insertion and 24 h before the device removal, 5mg of dinoprost and 200 UI of eCG was administered, respectively. The ovulatory dynamics was assessed by ultrasound every 8 h, while the sexual behavior was observed every 12 h. All goats showed estrus. The intervals from device removal to estrus were 29.5 ± 9.7, 34.0 ± 6.0 and 32.4 ± 7.7h to G6days, G9days and G12days, respectively. Iqually, it was found difference (P<0.05) among G6days and the other groups. The duration of estrus differed (P<0.05) among the G6days (36.0 ± 12.6) and the other two groups (G9days: 31.2 ± 14.3; G12days: 33.4 ± 8.6). The ovulation rate (81.0%; 89.5% and; 71.4%); the interval from device removal to ovulation (50.5 ± 11.4; 46.3 ± 5.9 and; 46.7 ± 8.3), the diameter of the largest follicle (6.6 ± 0.3; 6.6 ± 0.9 and; 6.9 ± 0.8), diameter of the second largest follicle (6.4 ± 0.7; 6.6 ± 0.8 and; 6.8 ± 0.6) and the number of ovulations (1.5 ± 0.6; 1.7 ± 0.6 and; 2.0 ± 0.9) for G6days, G9days and G12days, respectively, were similar (P>0.05). All treatments were effective for the induction of synchronized estrus in Toggenburg goats, working jointly with the reproductive and productive efficiency of these animals.(AU)

Parâmetros reprodutivos após indução de estro com diferentes intervalos de permanência do dispositivo vaginal em cabras Toggenburg acíclicas / Reproductive parameters after induction of estrus with different ranges of the vaginal device in acyclic Toggenburg goats

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o comportamento sexual e a dinâmica ovulatória de cabras da raça Toggenburg após a indução do estro com dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona durante seis, nove e 12 dias de permanência. No momento da inserção do dispositivo e 24 horas antes da retirada do dispositivo, foi administrado 5mg de dinoprost e 200UI de eCG, respectivamente. A dinâmica ovulatória foi acompanhada por ultrassonografia a cada oito horas, enquanto o estro foi observado a cada 12 horas. Todas as cabras apresentaram estro. O intervalo da retirada do dispositivo ao início do estro foi de 29,5 ± 9,6 para G6dias; 34,0 ± 6,0 e 32,4 ± 7,7h, G9dias e G12dias, respectivamente. Igualmente, foi encontrada diferença (P<0,05) entre o G6dias e os outros grupos. A duração do estro diferiu (P<0,05) entre o G6dias (36,0 ± 12,6) e os outros dois grupos (G9dias: 31,2 ± 14,3; G12dias: 33,4 ± 8,6). A taxa de ovulação (81%; 89,5% e; 71,4%), intervalo da retirada do dispositivo à ovulação (50,5 ± 11,4; 46,3 ± 5,9 e; 46,7 ± 8,3), diâmetro do maior folículo (6,6 ± 0,3; 6,6 ± 0,9 e; 6,9 ± 0,8) diâmetro do segundo maior folículo (6,4 ± 0,7; 6,6 ± 0,8 e; 6,8 ± 0,6) e o número de folículos ovulados (1,5 ± 0,6; 1,7 ± 0,6 e 2,0 ± 0,9) para G6dias, G9dias e G12dias, respectivamente, foram semelhantes (P>0,05). Todos os protocolos foram eficientes em induzir o estro sincronizado em cabras da raça Toggenburg, trabalhando em conjunto com a eficiência reprodutiva e produtiva desses animais.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the sexual behavior and the ovulatory dynamics of Toggenburg goats after induction of synchronized estrus by an intravaginal progesterone device for six, nine and twelve days. At the device insertion and 24 h before the device removal, 5mg of dinoprost and 200 UI of eCG was administered, respectively. The ovulatory dynamics was assessed by ultrasound every 8 h, while the sexual behavior was observed every 12 h. All goats showed estrus. The intervals from device removal to estrus were 29.5 ± 9.7, 34.0 ± 6.0 and 32.4 ± 7.7h to G6days, G9days and G12days, respectively. Iqually, it was found difference (P<0.05) among G6days and the other groups. The duration of estrus differed (P<0.05) among the G6days (36.0 ± 12.6) and the other two groups (G9days: 31.2 ± 14.3; G12days: 33.4 ± 8.6). The ovulation rate (81.0%; 89.5% and; 71.4%); the interval from device removal to ovulation (50.5 ± 11.4; 46.3 ± 5.9 and; 46.7 ± 8.3), the diameter of the largest follicle (6.6 ± 0.3; 6.6 ± 0.9 and; 6.9 ± 0.8), diameter of the second largest follicle (6.4 ± 0.7; 6.6 ± 0.8 and; 6.8 ± 0.6) and the number of ovulations (1.5 ± 0.6; 1.7 ± 0.6 and; 2.0 ± 0.9) for G6days, G9days and G12days, respectively, were similar (P>0.05). All treatments were effective for the induction of synchronized estrus in Toggenburg goats, working jointly with the reproductive and productive efficiency of these animals.(AU)

Sincronização Do Estro E Ovulação Com Progesterona Em Ovelhas / Estrus And Ovulation Synchronization With Progesterone In Sheep / Sincronización Del Estro Y Ovulación Con Progesterona En Ovejas

Com a atual expansão da criação de ovinos no Brasil e a necessidade de melhoramento genético dos rebanhos, a alternativa mais benéfica disponível é a inseminação artificial (IA), sendo sua adoção facilitada pelo uso concomitante da sincronização do estro e ovulação visando à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). O ciclo estral nas ovelhas tem duração de 17 dias, que se divide em fase luteal e fase folicular. A ovelha é uma poliéstrica estacional caracterizado por períodos de atividade sexual durante os dias curtos (outono e inverno) com ciclos regulares. Durante os dias longos (primavera-verão), a atividade sexual diminui com os animais apresentando desde completo anestro até irregularidade dos ciclos. Para escolha da técnica de sincronização deve ser considerada a estacionalidade reprodutiva dos ovinos, uma vez que, dependendo da época do ano, será peculiar a técnica a ser empregada. Existem basicamente dois conjuntos de métodos de manipulação do ciclo estral em ovinos, um natural, o chamado efeito macho, outro que inclui métodos artificiais, que empregam progestágenos e as prostaglandinas. Progesterona e progestágenos são amplamente utilizados para sincronização do estro em ovelhas. Em ovinos: as esponjas vaginais de liberação lenta impregnadas com 50 mg MAP são muito utilizadas e existe também o dispositivo intravaginal de liberação de drogas (CIDR®).(AU)

With the current expansion of sheep farming in Brazil and the need for genetic improvement of livestock, the most beneficial alternative available is artificial insemination (AI), and its adoption was facilitated by concomitant use of synchronization of estrus and ovulation in order to time artificial insemination fixed (IATF). The estrous cycle in sheep lasts 17 days, which is divided into luteal phase and follicular phase. The sheep is an animal with reproductive seasonality characterized by periods of sexual activity during the short days (autumn and winter) with regular cycles. During the long days (spring-summer), sexual activity decreases with animals displaying complete anestrus up from irregularity of cycles. To choose the synchronization technique, the reproductive seasonality of the sheep should be considered, since, depending on the time of year, the technique to be used will be peculiar. There are basically two methods of manipulating the estrous cycle in sheep, a natural one, the so-called male effect, another that includes artificial methods that employ progestogens and prostaglandins. Progesterone and progestagens are widely used for synchronization of oestrus in ewes. In sheep: vaginal sponges impregnated withslow-release 50 mg MAP are widely used and there is also the intravaginal drug delivery device (CIDR®).(AU)

Con la actual expansión de la cría de ovinos en Brasil y la necesidad de mejoramiento genético de los rebaños, la alternativa más beneficiosa disponible es la inseminación artificial (IA), siendo su adopción facilitada por el uso concomitante de la sincronización del estro y la ovulación visando la inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo (IATF). El ciclo estral en las ovejas tiene una duración de 17 días, que se divide en fase luteal y fase folicular. La oveja es poliésica estacional caracterizado por períodos de actividad sexual durante los días cortos (otoño e invierno) con ciclos regulares. Durante los días largos (primavera-verano), la actividad sexual disminuye con los animales presentando desde completo anestro hasta irregularidad de los ciclos. Para elegir la técnica de sincronización debe ser considerada la estacionalidad reproductiva de los ovinos, ya que, dependiendo de la época del año, será peculiar la técnica a ser empleada. Hay básicamente dos métodos de manipulación del ciclo estral en ovinos, un natural, el llamado efecto macho, otro que incluye métodos artificiales, que emplean progestágenos y las prostaglandinas. Progesterona y progestágenos son ampliamente utilizados para la sincronización del estro en ovejas. En ovinos: las esponjas vaginales de liberación lenta impregnadas con 50 mg MAP son muy utilizadas y existe también el dispositivo intravaginal de liberación de drogas (CIDR®).(AU)