Epidemiological profile and spatial distribution of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome cases in Pará State, Brazil, between 1995 and 2012/Perfil epidemiológico e distribuição espacial dos casos de síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavírus no Estado do Pará, Brasil, entre 1995 e 2012
O Pará teve 235 casos notificados, dos quais 77 positivos; houve 33 óbitos, sendo a taxa de letalidade de 42,9 por cento. Foram mais afetados homens (77,9 por cento), pardos (44,2 por cento), pessoas sem o ensino fundamental (54,5 por cento) e com idade entre 21 e 30 anos (33,7 por cento). O sintoma mais apresentado foi febre. A hemoconcentração (47,2 por cento) e o infiltrado pulmonar difuso (45,4 por cento) foram as alterações laboratoriais e radiológicas mais encontradas. Os trabalhos agrícolas e limpeza de cômodos foram situações de risco mais relatadas. Foram notificados casos durante todo o ano. A análise de distribuição espacial dos casos mostrou a concentração de casos com locais prováveis de infecção na região oeste do Pará.
Descriptive, crosssectional, and ecological study, using secondary data from confirmed cases in the Notifiable DiseasesInformation System (SINAN) for Pará State between 1995 and 2012. Demographic, geographical, and temporal variables, as well as opportunity, sensitivity, and quality of data attributes were analyzed. Furthermore, epidemiological indicators of prevalence, lethality, and mortality were calculated and an analysis of case distribution was conducted.
Results:
Pará had 235 reported hantavirus cases, of which 77 were positive; there were 33 deaths, and the mortality rate was 42.9 percent. The most commonly affected were men (77.9 percent), mulattos (44.2 percent), persons without any basic education (54.5 percent), and those aged between 21 and 30 years (33.7 percent). Fever was the most common symptom. Hemoconcentration (47.2 percent) and diffuse pulmonary infiltrate (45.4 percent) were the most frequent laboratory and radiological findings. Farm and janitorial work were the occupations with highest risk of developing the syndrome. Cases were reported throughout the year. An analysis of the spatial distribution of cases showed a concentration of cases in the western part of Pará State.