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1.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 24(1): 262, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429748

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Young people with mental ill-health experience higher rates of high-risk sexual behaviour, have poorer sexual health outcomes, and lower satisfaction with their sexual wellbeing compared to their peers. Ensuring good sexual health in this cohort is a public health concern, but best practice intervention in the area remains under-researched. This study aimed to co-design a novel intervention to address the sexual health needs of young people with mental ill-health to test its effectiveness in a future trial undertaken in youth mental health services in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS: We followed the 2022 Medical Research Council (MRC) guidelines for developing and evaluating complex interventions. This involved synthesising evidence from the 'top down' (published evidence) and 'bottom up' (stakeholder views). We combined systematic review findings with data elicited from qualitative interviews and focus groups with young people, carers, and clinicians and identified critical cultural issues to inform the development of our intervention. RESULTS: Existing evidence in the field of sexual health in youth mental health was limited but suggested the need to address sexual wellbeing as a concept broader than an absence of negative health outcomes. The Information-Motivation-Belief (IMB) model was chosen as the theoretical Framework on which to base the intervention. Interviews/focus groups were conducted with 29 stakeholders (18 clinicians, three carers, and eight young people). Synthesis of the evidence gathered resulted in the co-design of a novel intervention consisting of an initial consultation and four 60-90-minute sessions delivered individually by a young 'sex-positive' clinician with additional training in sexual health. Barriers and supports to intervention success were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: Using the MRC Framework has guided the co-design of a potentially promising intervention that addresses the sexual health needs of young people with mental ill-health. The next step is to test the intervention in a one-arm feasibility trial.


Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Mental , Saúde Sexual , Adolescente , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Comportamento Sexual , Promoção da Saúde
2.
Pediatr Dent ; 46(1): 36-44, 2024 Jan 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38449040

RESUMO

Purpose: Oral health care is a leading unmet health care need of children with special health care needs (CSHCNs). The purposes of this study were to: (1) compare the responses of parents (parents, caregivers) of children with versus without special health care needs (SHCNs) concerning their child's functioning, oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior; and (2) assess which information parents received/wanted to receive from dentists. Methods: A total of 122 parents of CSHCNs and 115 parents of children without SHCNs responded to the surveys. Results: Parents of CSHCNs reported that their children had lower functioning (per a four-point scale, with zero indicating worst functioning; means without SHCNs/CSHCNs equal 1.98/2.70; P<0.001) and nonverbal interactions (2.24/2.77; P<0.001), flossed and used mouth rinse less frequently (per a fivepoint scale, with one indicating never: 2.23/2.70; P=0.002; 1.82/2.27; P=0.004) than parents of children without SHCNs. They reported more oral care-related challenges (43.4 percent versus 21.7 percent; P<0.001), were less comfortable helping with oral care (per a five-point answer scale, with five indicating very comfortable: 3.92/4.48; P<0.001) and less interested in receiving information (3.13/3.71; P<0.001) than parents of children without SHCNs. Conclusions: Parents of children with or without special health care needs do not differ in their knowledge and attitudes. However, parents of CSHCNs are less comfortable in helping with oral care and less interested in receiving information than parents of children without SHCNs. Understanding the obstacles parents of CSHCNs face when providing oral care for their children can help dentists better support their oral health-related efforts.


Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde , Saúde Bucal , Criança , Humanos , Pais , Atenção à Saúde
3.
Health Promot Int ; 39(2)2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38430509

RESUMO

Structural and contextual factors such as limited work and housing opportunities negatively affect the health and well-being of newly settled refugee migrants in receiving high-income countries. Health promotion initiatives aiming at strengthening health and integration have been tried out within the Swedish Introduction program for refugee migrants. However, longitudinal evaluations of these interventions are rare. The aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of a regular and an extended civic orientation course with added health communication and examine whether the latter would improve self-rated health and psychological well-being, health literacy and social capital among newly settled refugee migrants in Sweden. Pre- and post-assessment questionnaires were collected from the intervention group receiving the extended course (n = 143) and a control group receiving the regular course (n = 173). Linear mixed models and chi-square analyses showed a significant increase with a small effect size (0.21) in health literacy in the intervention group. However, there were no significant changes in emotional and practical support, general self-rated health or psychological well-being. The findings indicate that added health communication provided embedded in the civic orientation course can increase health literacy. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the sustainability of the observed effect and examine whether these short-term improvements in health literacy translate to long-term advances in health and integration.


Assuntos
Comunicação em Saúde , Letramento em Saúde , Refugiados , Humanos , Suécia , Refugiados/psicologia , Promoção da Saúde
4.
Health Promot Int ; 39(2)2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38430510

RESUMO

Initiatives to promote health and reduce inequalities in place-based communities have increasingly adopted asset-based approaches (ABAs). However, the processes through which such initiatives might reduce inequalities are not well understood, and evidence of their impact on health is still limited. This study aimed to understand how ABAs can impact practices, relationships and the redistribution of resources to reduce health inequalities in and between less advantaged neighbourhoods. Qualitative research was conducted in two settings (England and Spain) where similar asset-based initiatives, aimed at training community members to become health promoters, were being implemented. Data were collected using theory of change workshops, 120 hours of observations and semi-structured interviews with 44 stakeholders (trained community members, voluntary and community sector organizations' workers and health professionals). A thematic analysis informed by systems thinking was carried out. Three main processes of change were identified: first, 'enabling asset-based thinking' defined as supporting people to adopt a view that values their own resources and people's skills and expertise. Second, 'developing asset-based capacities', described as developing personal skills, knowledge, self-confidence and relationships underpinned by asset-based thinking. Finally, 'changing decision-making and wider health determinants through ABAs' referred to achieving changes in neighbourhoods through mobilizing the asset-based capacities developed. These processes were associated with changes at an individual level, with potential to contribute to reducing inequalities through supporting individual empowerment and social capital. However, contextual factors were found key to enable or hinder changes in the neighbourhoods and acted as barriers to processes of collective empowerment, thus limiting ABAs' impact on health inequalities.


Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde , Cuidados Paliativos , Humanos , Espanha , Inglaterra , Pesquisa Qualitativa
5.
Rech Soins Infirm ; 155(4): 30-36, 2024.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38458963

RESUMO

People in a situation of social and economic vulnerability are at a high risk of being compromised in terms of their health and well-being. The concept of vulnerability seems to be relevant to highlight the challenges linked to inequalities and to find conditions for developing innovative actions responding to different contexts. Based on an interdisciplinary reflection, we explored the different views of vulnerability from health and social disciplines to find existing similarities and divergences. Numerous determinants of vulnerability have been identified in the literature, such as age, gender, health problems, and socioeconomic and environmental factors. We present some issues about individual and collective aspects of vulnerability from a territorial point of view. These situations of vulnerability present significant challenges for professionals and stakeholders in various health and social services sectors, both public and community-based. Taking actions to promote health among vulnerable people requires an understanding of their environment, in order to adjust to their health conditions, to community and organizational contexts, and to find strategies recognized as good practices linked to their real needs.


Assuntos
Iniquidades em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos
6.
Nutr Health ; 30(1): 3-4, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38459820
7.
BMC Womens Health ; 24(1): 168, 2024 Mar 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38461233

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: South African women have been exposed to epidemic proportions of intimate partner violence (IPV) amongst heterosexual relationships but not much is known about same-sex partnerships. Sexual minorities are excluded from research but are subject to intimate partner violence as much as heteronormative persons. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between age-disparity and IPV outcomes among females with same-sex partners in South Africa. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of the nationally representative South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey (SABSSM 2017) is used. A weighted sample of 63,567 female respondents identified as having a same-sex partner are analysed. IPV is measured as ever been physically and/ or sexually abused. Any experience of IPV is included in the dependent variable of this study. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used to estimate the relationship between demographic, socioeconomic, age-disparity and IPV. RESULTS: Almost 16% of females in same-sex relationships experienced IPV and about 22% from younger partners. In female same-sex partnerships, partner age-disparity (OR: 1.30, CI: 1.18 - 1.51), type of place of residence (OR: 2.27, CI: 1.79 - 3.79), highest level of education (OR: 1.07, CI: 0.97 - 1.17), marital status (OR: 1.60, CI: 1.37 - 1.88), and race (OR: 1.47, CI: 1.41 - 1.54) are associated with an increased likelihood of violence. CONCLUSION: IPV programs that are specifically targeted for non-heteronormative orientations are needed. These programs should promote health equity and safety for non-confirmative sexual identities in the country.


Assuntos
Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Parceiros Sexuais , Feminino , Humanos , África do Sul/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Promoção da Saúde , Fatores de Risco , Prevalência
8.
BMC Pediatr ; 24(1): 174, 2024 Mar 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38461348

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous research has suggested that school-based physical activity (PA) interventions may have a positive impact on academic performance. However, existing literature on school-based interventions encompasses various forms of PA, spanning from vigorous intensity PA outside the academic classes to light intensity PA and movement integrated into academic learning tasks, and results on academic performance are inconclusive. ACTIVE SCHOOL will implement two different PA interventions for one school year and assess the effects on the pupils' academic performance, with math performance as the primary outcome. METHODS/DESIGN: The ACTIVE SCHOOL project consists of two phases: 1) Development phase and 2) Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). In phase one, two interventions were developed in collaboration with school staff. The two interventions were tested in an 8-weeks feasibility study. In phase two, a RCT-study with three arms will be conducted in 9-10-year-old children for one school year. The RCT-study will be carried out in two intervention rounds during the school years 2023/2024 and 2024/2025. Schools will be randomized to one of two interventions or control;1) Run, Jump & Fun intervention (4 × 30 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; 2) Move & Learn intervention (4 × 30 min/week focusing on embodied learning in math and Danish lessons); or 3) a control condition, consisting of normal teaching practices. Outcome measures include academic performance, PA level, cognitive functions, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometry, well-being and school motivation (collected before, during and after the intervention period). A process evaluation will be conducted to assess implementation. DISCUSSION: The ACTIVE SCHOOL study will expand knowledge regarding the impact of PA on academic performance. The study will have the potential to significantly contribute to future research, as well as the scientific and educational debate on the best way to implement PA to support education and learning. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered on the 25th of October 2022 in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05602948.


Assuntos
Desempenho Acadêmico , Exercício Físico , Criança , Humanos , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Aprendizagem , Cognição , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
9.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 5550, 2024 03 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38448570

RESUMO

Tai Chi serves as an effective exercise modality for enhancing autonomic regulation. However, a majority of existing studies have employed the single routine (SR) protocol as the basis for health interventions. The extent to which the gong routine application (GRA) protocol achieves similar levels of exercise load stimulation as traditional single practice routines remains uncertain. Therefore, this study the distinct characteristics of autonomic load stimulation in these different protocols, thus providing a biological foundation to support the development of Tai Chi health promotion intervention programs. we recruited a cohort of forty-five university students to participate in the 15 min GRA protocol and SR protocol. We collected heart rate and heart rate variability indicators during periods of rest, GRA protocol, and SR protocol utilizing the Polar Scale. Additionally, we assessed the mental state of the participants using the BFS State of Mind Scale. In summary, the autonomic load is lower in the GRA protocol compared to the SR protocol, with lower sympathetic activity but higher parasympathetic activity in the former. Results are specific to college students, additional research is necessary to extend support for frail older adults. It is advised to incorporate GRA protocol alongside SR protocol in Tai Chi instruction. This approach is likely to enhance Tai Chi skills and yield greater health benefits.


Assuntos
Tai Chi Chuan , Humanos , Idoso , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Terapia Comportamental , Exercício Físico , Promoção da Saúde
10.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 24(1): 300, 2024 Mar 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38448964

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to gain knowledge about how external inspections following serious incidents are played out in a Norwegian hospital context from the perspective of the inspectors, and whether stakeholders' views are involved in the inspection. METHODS: Based on a qualitative mixed methods design, 10 government bureaucrats and inspectors situated at the National Board of Health Supervision and three County Governors in Norway, were strategically recruited, and individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. Key official government documents were selected, collected, and thematically analyzed along with the interview data. RESULTS: Our findings overall demonstrate two overarching themes: Theme (1) Perspectives on different external inspection approaches of responding and involving stakeholders in external inspection following serious incidents, Theme (2) Inspectors' internal work practices versus external expectations. Documents and all participants reported a development towards new approaches in external inspection, with more policies and regulatory attention to sensible involvement of stakeholders. Involvement and interaction with patients and informal caregivers could potentially inform the case complexity and the inspector's decision-making process. However, stakeholder involvement was sometimes complex and challenging due to e.g., difficult communication and interaction with patients and/or informal caregivers, due to resource demands and/or the inspector's lack of experience and/or relevant competence, different perceptions of the principle of sound professional practice, quality, and safety. The inspectors considered balancing the formal objectives and expectations, with the expectations of the public and different stakeholders (i.e. hospitals, patients and/or informal caregivers) a challenging part of their job. This balance was seen as an important part of the continuous development of ensuring public trust and legitimacy in external inspection processes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our study suggests that the regulatory system of external inspection and its available approaches of responding to a serious incident in the Norwegian setting is currently not designed to accommodate the complexity of needs from stakeholders at the levels of hospital organizations, patients, and informal caregivers altogether. Further studies should direct attention to how the wider system of accountability structures may support the internal work practices in the regulatory system, to better algin its formal objectives with expectations of the public.


Assuntos
Ácido Algínico , Comunicação , Humanos , Governo , Promoção da Saúde , Hospitais
11.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1304310, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38450140

RESUMO

Introduction: Workplace Mental health promotion in healthcare sector, is a global priority due to the stress associated with caregiving environments and the increase of mental health problems among health professionals and students. The role of emotional intelligence (EI) and sense of coherence (SOC) have been identified as critical health protectors. However, the relationship between them as well as the underlying mechanisms of these relationships on health benefits in this population is still unclear. Aim: To synthetize the existing literature on the relationship between emotional intelligence and sense of coherence, as well as their mutual impact on healthcare workers' and student's well-being. Method: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in PsyCINFO, CINHAL, SCOPUS and PUBMED databases, using key-terms such as students, health professionals, emotional intelligence, and sense of coherence. Results: A total of 11 articles were included, with a range of years from 2014 to 2022. Evidence was found to support the positive relationship between sense of coherence and emotional intelligence. The use of EI as a training pathway to improve SOC and health promoting behaviors is suggested. The benefits of intervening on these factors contribute to improved health professionals' and students' general well-being and motivation for a better performance, either in their studies or clinical work. Conclusion: The positive relationship between emotional intelligence and a sense of coherence has direct and indirect benefits on students' and healthcare professionals' well-being. Future studies should address longitudinal and experimental analysis to confirm these findings.


Assuntos
Inteligência Emocional , Senso de Coerência , Humanos , Atenção à Saúde , Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Estudantes
12.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1332720, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38439762

RESUMO

Background: Experiencing financial insecurity and being underserved is often associated with low health literacy, i.e., the ability to identify, obtain, interpret and act upon health information, which may result in poor health outcomes. Little is known about effective interventions for promoting health literacy among underserved populations. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the literature on such interventions and identify characteristics that differentiate more effective interventions. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines we searched the databases SCOPUS, Pubmed, Web of Science core collection and CINAHL. We included primary studies with a quantitative study design and control groups testing interventions to increase health literacy or health knowledge in underserved populations between 18 and 65 years. Where possible, we converted effect sizes into Cohen's d and compared mean differences of intervention and control groups. Albatross plots were created to summarize the results according to different health literacy and health knowledge outcomes. Results: We screened 3,696 titles and abstracts and 206 full texts. In total, 86 articles were analyzed, of which 55 were summarized in seven albatross plots. The majority of the studies (n = 55) were conducted in the United States and had a randomized controlled study design (n = 44). More effective intervention approaches assessed needs of participants through focus group discussions prior to conducting the intervention, used bilingual educational materials, and included professionals fluent in the first languages of the study population as intervention deliverers. Additionally, the use of educational materials in video and text form, fotonovelas and interactive group education sessions with role playing exercises were observed to be effective. Discussion: Although the outcomes addressed in the included studies were heterogeneous, effective intervention approaches were often culturally sensitive and developed tailored educational materials. Interventions aiming to promote health literacy in underserved populations should hence consider applying similar approaches.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=323801, PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42022323801.


Assuntos
Letramento em Saúde , Disparidades Socioeconômicas em Saúde , Humanos , Exercício Físico , Promoção da Saúde , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
13.
Arch Psychiatr Nurs ; 48: 59-67, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38453283

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Empowerment is a broad concept seen as a critical approach for helping older adults who lack power to gain control over various aspects of their lives, including their health-protective behaviors. AIM: The study investigated the association between health-related empowerment and health-protective behaviors in older adults. DESIGN: A cross-sectional correlational research design was used by recruiting a convenient sample of 200 older adults. TOOLS: The Elder Health Empowerment Scale and Health Protective Behavior Scale were used to collect the participant data. RESULTS: It showed a significant positive correlation between health-related empowerment and health-protective behaviors in older adults (r = 0.891, p = 0.001), indicating that as health-related empowerment increases, engagement in health-protective behaviors also increases. Furthermore, health-related empowerment accounted for a large proportion of the variation in health-protective behaviors (85.7 %). CONCLUSION: Overall, these findings suggest that there is a need for interventions to improve the health-related empowerment of older adults, particularly in terms of their ability to turn their health goals into actionable plans, overcome barriers to health, and make informed healthcare choices. However, the studied older adults generally engage in health protective behaviors; there is variability in the extent to which they engage in specific behaviors, which may provide valuable insights for developing targeted health promotion programs and interventions.


Assuntos
Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Vida Independente , Humanos , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Promoção da Saúde
14.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0290856, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38478475

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity (PA) promotion among school-aged youth is a global health priority. Recommendations for such promotion include implementing whole-of-school approaches that maximize resources across the school environment. This study examined schools' participation in an annual, government-led, and emirate-wide initiative in Dubai, called the Dubai Fitness Challenge, in which the goal is to accrue 30 minutes of PA every day for 30 days (as such, the initiative is colloquially referred to as "Dubai 30x30"). METHODS: A mixed-methods design was employed for this study. Three schools were recruited using convenience sampling. Participants were 18 physical education teachers, 20 classroom teachers, 2 principals and 45 students. Data sources included surveys, focus groups, and interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, and open and axial coding to develop themes. RESULTS: School staff reported that most Dubai 30x30 activities were provided in physical education, at break times during school, and before and after school. Students reported that they mainly participated in Dubai 30x30 activities during physical education and occasionally participated in activities after school and on weekends. During school, students were more likely to reach higher PA intensity levels when they were in contexts other than the regular classroom setting. Among school staff, physical education teachers were most involved and classroom teachers were least involved in promoting Dubai 30x30. Parent engagement was high. Staff perceived that Dubai 30x30 brought the community together, but physical education teachers also indicated there was a lack of implementation guidance and they felt burdened. Participants believed Dubai 30x30 increased PA participation and helped to promote their schools. DISCUSSION: This study provides an initial glimpse into schools' participation in Dubai 30x30 and suggests that a whole-of-school PA lens is useful in gleaning information that could help to increase and optimize PA opportunities for students.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Instituições Acadêmicas , Adolescente , Humanos , Criança , Estudantes , Motivação , Grupos Populacionais , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Promoção da Saúde/métodos
15.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0299859, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38478517

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate short-term outcomes of the HEAL™ing Mental Health program, an 8-week intervention for change in functional, behavioural and physiological health and wellbeing designed for people living with mental health conditions in rural or regional areas of Australia. A prospective cohort study was completed, reporting on 19 items (pre-program) and 15 (post-participation change), organised across seven domains. Participants took part in an Accredited Exercise Physiologist/Nurse led supervised group exercise (60 minutes) and healthy lifestyle education program (60 minutes). Separate linear mixed models with restricted maximum likelihood were used to examine the primary research question considering the effect of the program on: walking (min/week); planned, incidental and total physical activity (min/week); sitting time; active days; fruit and vegetable intake; body mass index; waist circumference; blood pressure; 6 minute walk distance; 30 second sit-to-stand; psychological distress symptoms; and stage of behaviour change. There were 99 participants (31 males, 68 females) out of 117 participants completed more than 50% of program sessions. Twelve of 15 measures achieved their desired target change and a statistically significant change toward the desired outcome was reported for 14 of 15 measures. Positive results were obtained for participants completing more than 50% of sessions, suggesting that HEAL™ ing Mental Health program is effective to increase physical activity and healthy lifestyle choices in individuals who self-report a mental health disorder.


Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde , Saúde Mental , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estilo de Vida , Exercício Físico
16.
J UOEH ; 46(1): 79-86, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38479878

RESUMO

The population of people in Japan over 65 years old is expected to exceed 30% by 2025. As the society ages, there are not only healthy workers and employers, but also an increasing number of diseased or injured workers. Falls, the most common occupational hazard, increase in incidence with age. The management of osteoporosis and prevention of bone fractures from falls are emerging in elderly female workers, to reduce the loss of work productivity. Rheumatoid arthritis is a representative musculoskeletal disease that causes functional decline because of joint damage mainly in working women, but appropriate treatment improves disease activity and work productivity in workers with rheumatoid arthritis. It is also important not only to digitize subjective information by converting it into digital form (digitization), but also to digitalize the physiological information related to health, labor and disease (digitalization). In the future, artificial intelligence (AI) will be able to analyze vast amounts of physiological information (big data) obtained from workers and patients via the Internet of things (IoT), which will improve the information value linked to health promotion and optimal treatment practices, and contribute to the Digital transformation (DX).


Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide , Medicina do Trabalho , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Inteligência Artificial , Promoção da Saúde , Eficiência , Artrite Reumatoide/epidemiologia
17.
J Korean Acad Nurs ; 54(1): 73-92, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Coreano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38480579

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study developed and tested a hypothetical model of health promotion behavior on migrant workers based on the Health Promotion Model and the Health Literacy Skills Framework. METHODS: Data were collected from 298 migrant workers in 9 regions across the country from December 2020 to March 2021. The exogenous variables were e-health literacy, occupational stress, acculturation, and social support. The endogenous variables were perceived benefits of action, self-efficacy, and health promotion behavior. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0, AMOS 20.0, and R-4.0.3 program. RESULTS: The model fit was appropriate. Social support had the most significant direct impact on the health promotion behavior of migrant workers. Perceived benefits of action and self-efficacy played a mediating role in the relationship among e-health literacy, social support, and health promotion behavior. Based on multi-group analysis, the migrant worker group with less than 5 years of residency had a more statistically significant effect on the relationship between perceived benefits of action and health promotion behavior than those with over 5 years. CONCLUSION: Providing social support as a critical administrative strategy to enhance the health promotion behavior of migrant workers is necessary. Furthermore, when developing an intervention program utilizing the internal mechanism between social support and health promotion behavior, a self-efficacy-enhancing strategy is considered to be more effective. Additionally, educating migrant workers with short-term residence of less than 5 years about the benefits of health behaviors is essential.


Assuntos
Estresse Ocupacional , Migrantes , Humanos , Análise de Classes Latentes , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Promoção da Saúde
19.
JMIR Hum Factors ; 11: e52048, 2024 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38470460

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Young women in Lesotho face myriad sexual and reproductive health problems. There is little time to provide health education to women in low-resource settings with critical shortages of human resources for health. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the acceptability and usability of a conversational agent system, the Nthabi health promotion app, which was culturally adapted for use in Lesotho. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive quantitative study, using a 22-item Likert scale survey to assess the perceptions of the usability and acceptability of 172 young women aged 18-28 years in rural districts of Lesotho, who used the system on either smartphones or tablets for up to 6 weeks. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the averages and frequencies of the variables. χ2 tests were used to determine any associations among variables. RESULTS: A total of 138 participants were enrolled and completed the survey. The mean age was 22 years, most were unmarried, 56 (40.6%) participants had completed high school, 39 (28.3%) participants were unemployed, and 88 (63.8%) participants were students. Respondents believed the app was helpful, with 134 (97.1%) participants strongly agreeing or agreeing that the app was "effective in helping them make decisions" and "could quickly improve health education and counselling." In addition, 136 (98.5%) participants strongly agreed or agreed that the app was "simple to use," 130 (94.2 %) participants reported that Nthabi could "easily repeat words that were not well understood," and 128 (92.7%) participants reported that the app "could quickly load the information on the screen." Respondents were generally satisfied with the app, with 132 (95.6%) participants strongly agreeing or agreeing that the health education content delivered by the app was "well organised and delivered in a timely way," while 133 (96.4%) participants "enjoyed using the interface." They were satisfied with the cultural adaptation, with 133 (96.4%) participants strongly agreeing or agreeing that the app was "culturally appropriate and that it could be easily shared with a family or community members." They also reported that Nthabi was worthwhile, with 127 (92%) participants reporting that they strongly agreed or agreed that they were "satisfied with the application and intended to continue using it," while 135 (97.8%) participants would "encourage others to use it." Participants aged 18-24 years (vs those aged 25-28 years) agreed that the "Nthabi app was simple to use" (106/106, 100% vs 30/32, 98.8%; P=.01), and agreed that "the educational content was well organised and delivered in a timely way" (104/106, 98.1% vs 28/32, 87.5%; P=.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results support further study of conversational agent systems as alternatives to traditional face-to-face provision of health education services in Lesotho, where there are critical shortages of human resources for health. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04354168; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04354168.


Assuntos
Aplicativos Móveis , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Lesoto , Educação em Saúde , Comunicação , Promoção da Saúde
20.
BMJ Open ; 14(3): e080240, 2024 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38443086

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Technologies such as health and fitness applications (apps) and wearable activity trackers have recently gained popularity and may play a key role in promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviours. Although several systematic reviews have investigated their efficacy in physical activity and sedentary behaviours, few studies have focused on their impact on work-related outcomes among workers. Here, to explore the effects of mHealth interventions designed to encourage physical activity and decrease sedentary behaviours on work-related outcomes, including absenteeism, presenteeism, productivity, work performance and workability among workers, we will conduct a systematic review based on recent articles and an extensive literature search. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The literature search will be performed using PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the Japan Medical Abstracts Society from inception to 23 September 2023. We will select studies that (1) investigated the impact of mHealth interventions to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviours on work-related outcomes such as absenteeism, presenteeism, productivity, work performance and workability; (2) were designed as a randomised controlled trial (RCT) or non-randomised study of interventions (NRSI); (3) were conducted among workers and (4) were published as full-text original articles in Japanese or English. We will assess the review quality with the AMSTAR 2 tool. The risk of bias will be assessed with the RoB tool 2.0 and ROBINS-I. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is unnecessary as the study will rely solely on previously published articles. The research results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The study protocol has been registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (ID=UMIN000052290).


Assuntos
Comportamento Sedentário , Desempenho Profissional , Humanos , Absenteísmo , Exercício Físico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Promoção da Saúde
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