Effects of ultra high dilution of paraquat 30 ch on growth, chlorophyll content and yield of rice crop

The application of synthetic fertilizers reduces the natural fertility of the soil and contaminates groundwater. Some photosynthesis inhibitors at ultra-high dilution (UHD) increase photosynthesis, growth, and yield of crops. A weedicide Paraquat at UHD enhanced the growth and yield of potatoes in fields. The objective is to see whether the UHD of Paraquat is also effective on rice. This weedicide was serially diluted with distilled water and manually succussed in 30 steps following the preparation of homeopathic dilutions called potencies. In this way, the 30thpotency of Paraquat called Paraquat 30 cH was prepared and preserved in 90 % ethanol. Paraquat 30 cH was diluted with water 1:1000 (v/v) and sprayed on rice plants in a field measuring 0.3125 acres. The control plot of the same area was situated 300 meters away from the test plot. Three treatments were given at an interval of 7 days. The treated plot showed increased growth, chlorophyll content, and rice yield significantlycompared to control. The UHD of the weedicide produced precisely the opposite effect of the crude material on plants. The increased growth and yield of rice by Paraquat 30 cH may be due to the enhancement of photosynthesis of treated plants. The UHD of Paraquat increased the yield of rice by 19.35% over the control.

Dosis Homeopática / Homeopathic dose

Una amplia explicación acerca de las dosis homeopáticas, y la esencia sobre dicha temática dictada por el doctor Samuel Hahnemann, es lo que nos presenta el autor de este artículo, el cual pretende, además, colaborar para que cese la propagación de mentiras y datos inexactos que generan discordia entre la comunidad médica homeópata y desconfianza entre los pacientes. (AU)

A broad explanation about homeopathic doses, and the essence on this issue dictated by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, is what the author of this article presents, which also aims to help stop the spread of lies and inaccurate data that generate discord among the homeopathic medical community and distrust among patients. (AU)

Aspirina en dosis ultrabajas y hormesis / Aspirin in ultra-low doses and hormesis

La relación entre hormesis y Homeopatía resulta hoy en día controvertida. Por un lado, sus primeros fundamentos fueron enunciados con el objeto de explicar los efectos de la Homeopatía. Por otro lado, la mayoría de los trabajos realizados que muestran efectos horméticos fueron realizados a concentraciones mucho mayores que las utilizadas en Homeopatía. El presente trabajo muestra varios puntos de contacto entre la Homeopatía y el concepto de hormesis, y muestra la relación que existe entre los trabajos realizados sobre los efectos de la aspirina 15CH y los distintos tipos de hormesis.

The Association of Ponderal Benznidazole with its Ultra-high Diluted Formula Reduces the Toxic Effects and Allows Increasing of Dose in Dose-dependent Protocol in Mice Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi

Although several diseases are treated by toxic drugs, their side effects may hamper adherence to the therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the association of ponderal benznidazole (BZ) with its ultra-high diluted (UHD) formula on clinical and parasitological parameters of mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). 24 non-isogenic Swiss mice were divided into groups: CI – infected animals treated with 7% alcohol; BZp – infected animals treated with BZ (500 mg/ kg) from the beginning of infection; BZp+d – infected animals treated with ponderal BZ and with UHD BZ, which started to be administered four days after the beginning of treatment with ponderal BZ; CNI - group of non-treated and non-infected animals. The UHD medicine was prepared according to Phamacopoeia until 30x. The different treatment schedules were statistically compared through parasitological and clinical parameters. The group BZp+d displayed more favorable clinical evolution than the group BZp, with improvement of mass gain, feed conversion and water intake, presenting data approximated to CNI group. The significant increase of the body temperature of BZp+d group indicates an activation of the immune system which was not observed in the other groups. Moreover, the anti-parasitic effect of the ponderal drug was maintained in all parasitological parameters of this group. By reducing the side effects and maintaining the action of the ponderal drug, the combination of toxic drugs with their UHD formula could be considered a way of improving efficacy of the treatment. (AU)

A infecção por Trypanossoma cruzi é um problema de saúde pública e o único medicamento disponível no Brasil é o benznidazol (BZ), com efeitos limitados e tóxicos. Estudos anteriores com BZ na dose de 200 mg/kg indicaram que a administração de BZ diluído (30d) controla os efeitos tóxicos da droga em dose ponderal, sem alterar a sua ação terapêutica. Sob essa perspectiva e considerando a ação do BZ dose dependente, aumentar a quantidade de droga administrada significaria uma melhora na eficácia do tratamento. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do BZ ponderal (BZP), na dose de 500 mg/kg associado com BZ diluído (BZD) nos parâmetros clínicos de camundongos infectados por T. cruzi. Em estudo cego, controlado e randomizado, foram utilizados 23 camundongos suíços, machos, com 8 semanas divididos em grupos: CNI - Não infectados e não tratados; CI - Infectados e tratados com álcool 7 %; BZP - Infectados tratados com BZ (500 mg/kg de peso/ animal) a partir do início da infecção; BZP + BZD - Infectados e tratados com a associação de BZP e BZD. Os medicamentos foram administrados por gavagem (0,2 mL/ dia/ animal). O BZP foi administrado a partir da constatação da infecção. O BZ diluído foi preparado de acordo com a Farmacopeia Homeopática Brasileira e administrado 4 dias após o início do tratamento com BZP. Os parâmetros clínicos, avaliados diariamente, incluíram: peso, consumo de ração e água, temperatura e quantidade de excretas. A análise clínica apontou melhores resultados nos grupos BZP e BZP + BZD, mostrando melhor evolução de peso, consumo de ração, água e excretas quando comparado aos grupos não tratados (p< 0.05). A associação BZP + BZDobteve melhor evolução de peso, consumo de água e produção de excretas (p< 0.05) quando comparada com o grupo tratado BZP, revelando-se uma alternativa para diminuir os efeitos indesejados do medicamento convencional, permitindo o aumento da dose administrada e maior eficácia do tratamento. A associação destes medicamentos deve ser explorada em outras condições clínicas onde existem poucos medicamentos disponíveis e efeitos colaterais que comprometem a terapêutica

Examination regarding the tolerability of the homochord Acidum L(+)-lacticum at a dosage of sixty drops three times daily

In Germany, the commission D recommends in its current dosage guidelines from March 17, 2004, that homeopathic dilutions higher than 24x will be prescribed in a daily application of five drops once. This recommendation is decisive for the German Regulatory Authority. Even though the homochord Acidum L(+)-lacticum 4x/6x/12x/30x/200x contains dilutions above 24x, it is commonly used in clinical practice for over 30 years in a dosage of 60 drops three times daily. In order to explore the clinical safety and tolerability of Acidum L(+)-lacticum 4x/6x/12x/30x/200x at a dosage of 60 drops three times daily, as well as lower dosages, a therapist survey was designed to address the questions. Highly experienced and licensed therapists, including general and alternative practitioners, reported their usual dosage of homochord, incidences of drug reactions, initial homeopathic aggravations as well as the diagnoses that led to the prescription of Acidum L(+)-lacticum 4x/6x/12x/30x/200x. 167 therapist responses were analyzed. Only four therapists reported occurrences that classify as initial aggravation, (2.40 %), compared to 159 with no incidences (95.21 %). Four therapists made no statement. Nevertheless, there were no adverse drug reactions documented in the survey. Consequently, Acidum L(+)-lacticum 4x/6x/12x/30x/200x at a dosage of 60 drops three times daily or lower dosages may be construed to be clinically tolerable and safe. This evidence might lead to further re-evaluations of other homochords, and rigorous clinical trials for its safety and tolerability. (AU)

Homeopathic drugs complementary, antidotal and inimical to Nux vomica produce stronger anti-alcoholic effect on toads than Nux

In homeopathy some drugs are known to act as complementary, antidotal or inimical to a particular drug. Practitioners can follow this rule when they apply one drug following another. Potentized Nux vomica can reduce acute hypnotic effect of alcohol on toads. Sulphur and Sepia are reported to be complementary to Nux-vom, while Coffea cruda and Zincum met are antidotal and inimical to Nux, respectively [...] Methods: Five batches of toads, each comprising 20 individuals, were treated by partial immersion in a drug diluted with distilled water 1:500 for 20 min. The control consisted of 90% ethanol diluted with distilled water 1:500. The drugs were Nux vom 200 CH, Sulphur 200 CH, Sepia 200 CH, Coffea 200 CH and Zincum 200 CH. Toads of each batch were separately exposed to 260mM ethanol solution and tested every 10 min to see if they had lost their righting reflex (RR)[...] Results: Toads treated with the five drugs took significantly longer time (P<0.01, one-way ANOVA) to lose RR than those treated with the control. The time taken to lose RR was significantly longer (P<0.01, one-way ANOVA) with Sulphur 200 CH, Sepia 200 CH, Coffea 200 CH and Zincum 200 CH than with Nux vom 200 CH alone. The situation was same when Nux treatment was followed by each of the four drugs. Of the five drugs Coffea showed the strongest anti-hypnotic effect. Conclusion: 1. Drugs complementary, antidotal and inimical to Nux vom showed the same anti-alcoholic effect as Nux in terms of increased tolerance to alcohol anesthesia. 2. The anti-alcoholic effect of Nux vom was markedly superseded by the above four drugs. 3. Of all the drugs tested Coffea showed the strongest anti-alcoholic effect. 4. It appears that the above four drugs produced their individual dominant effect cancelling the individual effect of Nux vom. (AU)

Self-medication tendencies of patients visiting out-patient departments of Government homoeopathic medical colleges and hospitals in West Bengal, India

Self-medication is mostly prevalent in the low- and middle-income population segments of developing countries, thus reflecting the status of health services. Self-medication has frequently been held responsible for inducing drug resistance, higher cost of further treatment, and other complications. The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes self-medication in rural and remote areas to reduce the burden of health services. In this study, the researchers sought to establish the prevalence, consequences, and causes of self-medication. Methods: Multicenter, institution-based, cross-sectional study conducted with 456 participants in May, 2013 at the outpatient clinics of 2 Government homeopathic medical colleges in West Bengal, India. A pilot-tested structured questionnaire consisting of 12 self-administered questions in local vernacular Bengali was used; 8 were close-ended questions providing multiple answer options, while 4 were open-ended. Results: Overall, 12.7% of interviewees admitted to perform self-medication; 57.7% and 66.0% had appropriate knowledge of the medicines and dose regimens, respectively. Females (64.3%) predominated and self-medication was mostly found in age range 31-45 years old (32.5%). Conventional Western medicine (82.2%) was most preferred therapy, and fever (35.7%), hyperacidity (25.4%) and loose stool (24.3%) the most frequently reported complaints. The main causes for self-medication were feeling no need to consult doctor (32.5%), busy schedule (16.4%), family members advice (16.0%), over-the-counter (OTC) availability of medicines without prescription (12.5%), direct consumer pharmaceutical advertisement (12.1%), and high expenditure in private institutes (10.1%). The chi-square distribution of determinants across the two samples differed significantly. The tendency increased proportionately with literacy (Yates’ ÷2=175.731; p=0.000) and poverty (Yates’ ÷2=426.817; p=0.000). (AU)

A prevalência da automedicação é mais elevada nos segmentos populacionais de baixa e média renda nos países em desenvolvimento, como reflexo de nível de atenção pública. A automedicação é frequentemente considerada como causa de resistência a medicamentos, aumento do custo do tratamento e outras complicações. Os autores do presente estudo objetivaram investigar a prevalência, consequências e causas da automedicação. Métodos: estudo multicêntrico, institucional e transversal incluindo 456 indivíduos que consultaram em maio de 2013 os ambulatórios de 2 hospitais universitários homeopáticos públicos em Bengala Ocidental, Índia. Foi distribuído para auto-aplicação um questionário estruturado previamente validado num teste piloto. O questionário incluía com 8 perguntas fechadas, com múltiplas opções de resposta, e 4 abertas, na língua vernácula local. Resultados: Aproximadamente 12,7% dos entrevistados admitiram se utilizar de automedicação; 57,7% e 66,0% tinham conhecimento adequado sobre o medicamento utilizado e posologia, respectivamente. A amostra esteve composta predominantemente por mulheres (64,3%), e a faixa etária com maior frequência de automedicação foi a de 31-45 anos (32,5%). A medicina convencional foi indicada como a preferida (82,2%) e as queixas mais frequentes foram febre (35,7%), azia (25,4%) e diarreia (24,3%). As principais causas para a escolha de automedicação foram: sem necessidade de consultar um médico (32,5%), falta de tempo (16,4%), conselho de familiares (16.0%), existência de medicamentos de venda livre (12.5%), publicidade farmacêutica dirigida diretamente ao consumidor (12.1%) e alto custo de serviços de saúde privados (10,1%). O teste de qui quadrado identificou diferença significativa na distribuição dos determinantes entre os dois grupos. A tendência para uso de automedicação aumentou paralelamente ao nível de educação (Yates χ2=175,731; p=0.000) e à pobreza (Yates χ2=426.817; p=0,000). (AU)

Inflammation in rats born to mothers treated with dexamethasone 15cH during pregnancy: an immunohistochemical study / Inflammation in rats born to mothers treated with dexamethasone 15cH during pregnancy: an immunohistochemical study

In previous studies, we observed that rats born to mothers treated with dexamethasone 15CH (10-33M) had a higher level of mast cell degranulation and greater arteriolar dilation after the exposure of an inflammatory stimulus, suggesting the possibility of vertical transmission of the effects of ultra-diluted substances between mother and offspring. In this study, a more detailed assessment of the cellular events in acute inflammation was made using techniques of immunohistochemistry. The identification of adhesion molecules expression was made by the markers: anti-CD54 (ICAM-1) and anti-CD18 (?2-Integrin). The identification of inflammatory cells was performed by the markers anti-MAC387 (mononuclear cells) and anti-CD163 (active macrophages). Polymorphonuclear cells were identified by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The number of labeled cells per was recorded, except for the anti-CD54 marker, whose intensity of staining on the endothelial cells was defined by scores assigned by two independent observers. The results point toward to an up regulation of the whole inflammatory process in rats born to mothers treated with dexamethasone 15CH during pregnancy. This conclusion is justified by the following statistically significant (p?0.05) findings: a) bigger mast cell degranulation and increased of arteriolar diameter; b) increased migration of polymorphonuclear cells in relation to the mononuclear cells; c) earlier expression of CD163 in monocytes, d) higher level of adhesion molecules expression.(AU)

La homeopatía, una ciencia dinámica / Homeopathy, a dynamic science

El doctor Francisco Xavier Eizayaga (1921-2001) dedicó más de 50 años de su vida al ejercicio y la enseñanza de la Homeopatía en varios países de Latinoamérica y Europa. El texto que presentamos es un resumen de la conferencia que el prestigiado médico homeópata ofreció el 8 de junio de 1979 en las instalaciones de la Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, perteneciente al Instituto Politécnico Nacional. En él se aborda el progreso de la medicina y se enfatiza que, aunque el léxico de esta materia se ha multiplicado, lo que verdaderamente debe importar al médico son los hechos, que siempre son mejores que los elementos teóricos. El doctor Eizayaga habla de tópicos tan variados como la posología, el uso de las diferentes potencias, la importancia de contar con escuelas de gran calidad para atajar la aparición de “iluminados o curanderos”, así como de la Ley de semejanza o similitud, y el concepto de fuerza vital. (AU)

Dr. Francisco Xavier Eizayaga (1921-2001) has spent more than 50 years of his life practicing and teaching homeopathy in several countries in Latin America and Europe. The present text is an abstract of the conference that the prestigious homeopath offered in June 8, 1979 at the Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (National School of Medicine and Homeopathy) which belongs to Instituto Politécnico Nacional (National Polytechnic Institute) in México. In it, the progress in medicine is addressed and the author emphasized that although the lexicon in this matter has multiplied, what really should matter to the practitioner are the facts, which are always better than theoretical elements. Dr. Eizayaga talks about various topics as the dosage, the use of different potencies, the importance of high-quality schools to stop the emergence of “healers or enlightened masters”, the Law of Similars and the concept of vital force. (AU)

Tratamento homeopático na tiroidite autoimune: relato de caso / Homeopathic treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis: case-report

A prescrição do medicamento constitucional - Silicea terra - e de organoterápico de tireoides num caso de tireoidite autoimune resultou na normalização gradual dos valores plasmáticos dos hormônios tireóideos e hipofisários, assim como na negativação dos autoanticorpos no prazo de nove meses. O caso foi acompanhado durante um ano e meio e permanece estável. Discute-se o ordenamento em que se realiza a cura de doenças que acometem o sistema imune versus as leis de Hering.(AU)

Prescription of constitutional medicine - Silicea terra - and organotherapy prepared from thyroid to a case of autoimmune thyroiditis resulted in gradual normalization of serum values of thyroid and hypophysis hormones and full disappearance of autoantibodies in nine months. This case was followed-up for one year and a half and it remains stable. The order in which cure is processed in diseases involving the immune system is discussed against Hering’s laws.(AU)

La escala cincuentamilesimal (LM) / The cincuentamilesimal scale (LM)

Después de 12 años de práctica exclusiva y literal con la técnica de la escala cincuentamilesimal (LM o Q) de potencias, descrita en la 6a edición del Organon, elautor analiza sus diferencias básicas con las directrices de la 5a edición de dicha obra. Describe la manera de administrar el medicamento, sus ventajas y desventajas, y enumera todas las conductas posibles durante el uso de esta técnica, la cual, concluye, es la que mejor se encamina para lograr una curación rápida y suave, ideal máximo de Samuel Hahnemann. (AU)

After 12 years of literal and exclusive practice with the 50 millesimal scale according to the 6th edition of the Organon, the autor analyses its basic differences with the guidelines of the 5th edition. He describes the posible procedures during the usage of this kind of medication; it´s advantages, disvantages and enumerates all the possible conducts of this technique, therefore concluding that this is the one that leads to a rapid and mild cure. Samuel Hahnemann´s maximum ideal (AU)

Análise das ações da atenção farmacêutica praticada pelas farmácias homeopáticas privadas localizadas na Zona Norte do município do Rio de Janeiro / Analysis of the pharmaceutical care activities practiced by private homeopathic pharmacies located in Rio de Janeiro North Zone

The complexity of homeopathic treatment delegates to the Pharmacist the need and the responsibility of pharmaceutical care. This paper had the objective of verifying the practices of pharmaceutical care in homeopathy. The study was conducted in homeopathic pharmacies situated in Rio de Janeiro North Zone, during March and April, 2011, where 15 pharmacists were interviewed, with the help of a semi-open questionary self-administered. For the survey were investigated variables related to pharmaceutical: sex, age, nature of the institution where he graduated, having completed post-graduate and working ties. Information professionals for the pharmaceutical care were collected in 14 questions grouped into three areas: attitudes, perceptions and satisfaction. Attending the ethical aspects, the study was submitted to and approved by the Ethics Committee of University Estácio de Sá. The results demonstrated that 33% of the pharmacists have less than 5 years of professional practice, and 53% are specialists graduated by the Hahnemann?s Institutite of Brasil. All Pharmacists claim to orient patients, mostly during dispensation and through phone contacts. Most pharmacists oriented patients passively and actively. The elderly were pointed as the ones, who most often sought orientation. During dispensation of homeopathic drugs, all patients elicit some orientation. 67% of the pharmacies keep material for pharmaceutical guidance to the patients, usually leaflets. The verbal and written orientation was predominanted on homeopathic pharmacist. Posology and instructions of use for the pharmaceutical form dispensed were described as the most common doubts of the patients. Of all pharmacists interviewed, 67% pointed to self-medication practices in the pharmacy. The questions which measure the position and perception of the pharmacists related to pharmaceutical assistance scored over 3. The question which scored higher was related to the patient trust regarding the pharmacist guidance. We concluded that there was a mobilization on the pharmacists side to overcome obstacles and focus on the patient through the practices of pharmaceutical care.(AU)

A complexidade existente no tratamento homeopático é o que remete ao farmacêutico a responsabilidade e a necessidade de ações de atenção farmacêutica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a prática de ações de atenção farmacêutica em homeopatia. O estudo foi realizado em farmácias homeopáticas situadas na Zona Norte do Rio de Janeiro no período de março a abril de 2011, onde 15 farmacêuticos foram entrevistados, com o auxílio de um questionário semi-aberto auto-aplicável. Para a pesquisa foram investigadas variáveis relativas aos farmacêuticos: sexo, idade, natureza da instituição em que graduou, ter cursado pós-graduação e vínculo de trabalho. As informações dos profissionais relativas à atenção farmacêutica foram coletadas em 14 perguntas agrupadas em três domínios: atitudes, percepção e satisfação. Atendendo aos aspectos éticos, o estudo foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Estácio de Sá. Os resultados mostraram que 33% dos farmacêuticos tem menos de 5 anos de experiência profissional e 53% foram formados como especialistas em homeopatia pelo Instituto Hahnemaniano do Brasil. Todos os farmacêuticos afirmaram realizar orientação farmacêutica junto aos pacientes, principalmente durante a dispensação e pelo telefone. A maioria dos farmacêuticos orientaram os pacientes de forma ativa e passiva. Os idosos foram apontados como os que mais procuram orientação farmacêutica. Durante a dispensação do medicamento homeopático, todos os pacientes solicitaram alguma orientação. 67% das farmácias disponibilizam material para orientação farmacêutica ao paciente, sendo na maioria das vezes um folheto. A orientação escrita e verbal foi a predominante segundo os farmacêuticos entrevistados. A posologia e a maneira de administrar a forma farmacêutica dispensada foram descritas como as dúvidas mais freqüentes dos pacientes. Dos entrevistados 67% referiram a prática de automedicação nas farmácias. As questões que medem atitude e percepção dos farmacêuticos com relação a atenção farmacêutica obtiveram escores acima de 3. A questão que apresentou o escore mais alto estava relacionada à confiança do paciente em relação às orientações do farmacêutico. Os farmacêuticos mostraram-se motivados a superar os empecilhos focando no paciente através das práticas de atenção farmacêutica.(AU)

The problem of dose in homeopathy: evaluation of the effect of high dilutions of Arsenicum album 30cH on rats intoxicated with arsenic / O problema da dose em homeopatia: avaliação do efeito de altas diluições de Arsenicum album 30cH em ratos intoxicados com arsênico / El problema de la dosis en homeopatía: evaluación del efecto de altas diluciones de Arsenicum album 30cH en ratones intoxicados con arsénico

Background: Although scientific studies have confirmed the action of homeopathic high dilutions in living organisms an endless debate on the choice of the most fitting dilution, the frequency of administration and the dose (amount of medicine) still remains. Aims: This study sought to assess the in vivo effect of 2 different concentrations of Arsenicum album 30cH in order to elucidate some problems in the homeopathic notion of dose. Methods: Male Wistar rats previously intoxicated with sodium arsenate by peritoneal injection were treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution administered by oral route. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to measure the levels of arsenic retained in the animals as well as the amounts eliminated through urine. Urine samples were collected before and after and during treatment. A positive control group (intoxicated animals) and negative control group (non-intoxicated animals) were administered only the vehicle used to prepare the medicine (ethanol). Results: The groups treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution eliminated significant amounts of arsenic through urine when compared to the control groups. The group treated with undiluted Ars 30cH eliminated significantly higher amounts of arsenic than the group treated with the same medicine in 1% solution. Conclusion: These results suggest that undiluted Ars 30cH was more effective than in 1% solution in this experimental model.(AU)

Introdução: embora estudos científicos têm confirmado a ação das altas diluições homeopáticas em organismos vivos, permanece o debate infindável acerca da escolha da diluição mais adequada, a frequência de administração e a dose (quantidade de medicamento). Objetivos: este estudo procurou avaliar o efeito in vitro de 2 concentrações diferentes de Arsenicum album 30cH a fim de elucidar alguns aspectos da noção homeopática de dose. Métodos: ratos Wistar machos previamente intoxicados com arseniato de sódio por injeção peritoneal foram tratados com Ars 30cH não diluído ou diluído 1% por via oral. Foi utilizada espectroscopia de absorção atômica para medir os níveis de arsênico retido no organismo e eliminado através da urina. As amostras de urina foram colhidas antes, após e durante o tratamento. Os grupos controle positivo (animais intoxicados) e negativo (animais não intoxicados) receberam apenas o veículo utilizado para preparar o medicamento (etanol). Resultados: os grupos tratados com Ars 30cH não diluído e diluído em solução 1% eliminaram quantidades significativamente maiores de arsênico através da urina por comparação aos grupos controle. O grupo tratado com Ars 30cH não diluído eliminou quantidades significativamente maiores de arsênico que o grupo tratado com o mesmo medicamento em solução 1%. Conclusão: esses resultados sugerem que Ars 30cH não diluído foi mais efetivo que a solução 1% do mesmo neste modelo experimental.(AU)

Introducción: aunque estudios científicos han confirmado la acción de las altas diluciones homeopáticas en organismos vivos, permanece sin resolver la discusión acerca de la elección de la dilución más adecuada, la frecuencia de administración y la dosis (cantidad de medicamento). Objetivos: este estudio buscó evaluar el efecto in vitro de 2 concentraciones diferentes de Arsenicum album 30cH para dirimir algunos problemas en la noción homeopática de dosis. Métodos: ratones Wistar macho previamente intoxicados con arseniato de sodio por inyección peritoneal fueron tratados con Ars 30cH sin diluir o diluido en solución 1% por vía oral. Fue utilizada espectroscopía de absorción atómica para medir los niveles de arsénico retenidos en el organismo y eliminados por orina. Las muestras de orina fueron recogidas antes, durante y después del tratamiento. Los grupos control positivo (animales intoxicados) y negativo (animales no intoxicados) recibieron exclusivamente el vehículo utilizado para preparar el medicamento (etanol). Resultados: los grupos tratados con Ars 30cH no diluido y diluido 1% eliminaron cantidades significativamente mayores de arsénico por orina que los controles. El grupo tratado con Ars 30cH no diluido eliminó cantidades significativamente mayores de arsénico por orina que el grupo tratado con el mismo medicamento diluido 1%. Conclusión: estos resultados sugieren que Ars 30cH no diluido fue más efectivo que cuando diluido 1% en este modelo experimental.(AU)

Choice of potency homoeopathic prescribing

The nature of potencies is considered, with a critical review of high and low potency prescribing for acute and chronic diseases

Dosis, en homeopatia / Doses, in homeopathy

Se realiza una sintesis de la opiniones de distintos autores, comenzando por S.Hahnemann acerca de la importancia de la dosis en homeopatia, teniendo en cuenta no solo la dinamizacion, sino la cantidad de medicamento a administrar y la oportunidad de su repeticion. Finalmente se plantea en un esquema orientador, las posibles alternativas de prescripcion de acuerdo a los cuadros clinicos que se suelen presentar. (AU)

Estudio sobre dinamolexia homeopatica - Parte 1 / Study about the homeopathic dinamilexys - Part 1

El estudio que presentamos a continuacion, contiene los conceptos fundamentales acerca de un tema basico dentro del aspecto doctrinario de la homeopatia

Estudo sobre doses e potencias homeopaticas / Study about homeopathic doses and potencies

Com este trabalho, visamos estudar o tema polêmico do emprego das doses e potências homeopáticas, comparando alguns tópicos fundamentais com princípios da Física moderna. Para isso, numa primeira parte, fizemos uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o assunto, transcrevendo fielmente a opinião dos homeopatas clássicos. A seguir, expusemos fundamentos da Física Quântica e do Movimento Ondulatório que apresentassem pontos em comum com a experiência clínica dos diversos autores estudados. Observamos existirem parâmetros estabelecidos dentro da Física que permitem esboçar certa analogias quanto ao uso do medicamento único, em dose única e numa potência individualizante para cada caso

Tuberculinum / Tuberculinum

Il s'agit de la tuberculine brute obtenue a partir de cultures de souches de Mycobacterium tuberculosis d'origine humaine et bovine. Le milieu de culture est un bouillon prepare avec de la viande d'excellente qualite, glycerine a environ 5 percent ou encore un milieu chimique defini. La culture du bacille est effectuee a 37-38§C pendant plusieurs semanines; elle doit donner des voiles abondants. Les cultures sont ensuite sterilisees par chauffage a 100§C pendeant une heure, puis concentrees par evaporation au dixieme du volume initial. Le produit final est clarifie par filtration.(AU)

Rythmes et dilutions homeopathiques / Frequency of dosis and homeopathic dilutions

L'auteur presente une reflexion personelle sur la prescription homeopathique vue sous l'angle des dilutions et des rythmes de prise des remedes. A travers quelques observations et s'appuyant sur un classicisme inspire de Leon Vannier, elle aborde les situations aigues, puis certains aspects des situations chroniques

Los nosodes intestinales o Bowel nosodes / The Bowel nosodes

Se hace una breve revision historica de como surgio la idea de utilizar terapeuticamente las bacterias no lactoliticas de la flora intestinal, hasta llegar a los trabajos de Paterson que establecieron una utilizacion mas contrastada de sus utilidades terapeuticas y su relacion con los remedios homeopaticos. Se hace una breve consideracion sobre la importancia patogenetica de la flora intestinal en las enfermedades cronicas. Se consideran despues los distintos tipos de nosodes intestinales y se hace un estudio de sus patogenesias clinicas tal como las establecio Paterson, con algun anadido de otros autores que los han utilizado posteriormente en su practica (Foubister, Kennedy, Hui Bon Hua,...). Tambien se consideran las principales indicaciones de su uso y se refieren algunas observaciones clinicas del propio Paterson. Para mayor detalle de la tecnica microbiologica de cultivo de las bacterias no fermentadoras de la lactosa ver los trabajos de Paterson resenados en la bibliografia