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1.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1356436, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38433832

RESUMO

Recent advances in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) could yield new insights into the potential causes of multiple sclerosis (MS) and factors influencing its course as the use of AI opens new possibilities regarding the interpretation and use of big data from not only a cross-sectional, but also a longitudinal perspective. For each patient with MS, there is a vast amount of multimodal data being accumulated over time. But for the application of AI and related technologies, these data need to be available in a machine-readable format and need to be collected in a standardized and structured manner. Through the use of mobile electronic devices and the internet it has also become possible to provide healthcare services from remote and collect information on a patient's state of health outside of regular check-ups on site. Against this background, we argue that the concept of pathways in healthcare now could be applied to structure the collection of information across multiple devices and stakeholders in the virtual sphere, enabling us to exploit the full potential of AI technology by e.g., building digital twins. By going digital and using pathways, we can virtually link patients and their caregivers. Stakeholders then could rely on digital pathways for evidence-based guidance in the sequence of procedures and selection of therapy options based on advanced analytics supported by AI as well as for communication and education purposes. As far as we aware of, however, pathway modelling with respect to MS management and treatment has not been thoroughly investigated yet and still needs to be discussed. In this paper, we thus present our ideas for a modular-integrative framework for the development of digital patient pathways for MS treatment.


Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial , Esclerose Múltipla , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico , Esclerose Múltipla/terapia , Conscientização , Comunicação
2.
Anim Cogn ; 27(1): 16, 2024 Mar 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429535

RESUMO

We are said to experience insight when we suddenly and unexpectedly become aware of the solution to a problem that we previously took ourselves to be unable to solve. In the field of comparative cognition, there is rising interest in the question of whether non-human animals are capable of insightful problem-solving. Putative cases of animals demonstrating insight have generally attracted two types of criticism: first, that insight is being conflated with other cognitive capacities (e.g., causal cognition, or mental trial and error); and, second, that the relevant performances merely reflect associative learning-and on the received understanding of insight within comparative cognition, insight necessarily involves non-associative processes. I argue that even if we grant that some cases of animal insight do withstand these two criticisms, these cases of purported animal insight cannot shed light on the nature of insightful problem-solving in humans. For the phenomenon studied by cognitive psychologists under the heading of insight is fundamentally different from that studied in comparative cognition. In light of this impasse, I argue that the reinterpretation of the extant research on animal insight in terms of other high-level cognitive capacities (means-end reasoning in particular) can improve the prospect of a successful comparative research program.


Assuntos
Cognição , Resolução de Problemas , Animais , Conscientização , Condicionamento Clássico
3.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0299270, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38437196

RESUMO

The allocation of renewable energy plants, especially wind turbines, is stagnating in Germany. Although the citizens approve of the energy transition, they resist concrete local projects. In recent years, research has shown that interactive map applications support participatory planning through motivation, social interaction, and knowledge transfer. We aim to reduce biases against renewable energy (RE) and support informed decision making while accepting local responsibility. We hypothesized that finding a new gamified participation format, based on behavioral mechanisms, would strengthen the empowerment of people. To this end, we designed a dialogue tool and participation format, 'Vision:En 2040', which combines: (i) a precise target electricity yield, (ii) an interactive map showing results of people's actions, information about environmental impacts, and (iii) game rules which foster cooperation. In facilitated workshops, participants simulate the allocation of wind and photovoltaic power plants in their municipality to achieve a target electricity yield. The developed tool is based on methods of environmental planning and geoinformatics. 'Vision:En 2040' was systematically tested with a technical test and a pre-test. In addition, its impact on participants was assessed through surveys and qualitative content analysis. The evaluation results show that the tool can influence the acceptance of the energy transition in terms of attitude. Through 'Vision:En 2040', participants became aware of the community's responsibility in the energy transition and expanded their knowledge. In addition, decision makers used the workshop results to plan RE sites. Our results indicate that 'Vision:En 2040' is helpful for informal citizen participation in accelerating the energy transition.


Assuntos
Conscientização , Pesquisa Comportamental , Humanos , Fenômenos Físicos , Eletricidade , Alemanha
4.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 1981, 2024 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38438391

RESUMO

Within a cell, synthetic and native genes compete for expression machinery, influencing cellular process dynamics through resource couplings. Models that simplify competitive resource binding kinetics can guide the design of strategies for countering these couplings. However, in bacteria resource availability and cell growth rate are interlinked, which complicates resource-aware biocircuit design. Capturing this interdependence requires coarse-grained bacterial cell models that balance accurate representation of metabolic regulation against simplicity and interpretability. We propose a coarse-grained E. coli cell model that combines the ease of simplified resource coupling analysis with appreciation of bacterial growth regulation mechanisms and the processes relevant for biocircuit design. Reliably capturing known growth phenomena, it provides a unifying explanation to disparate empirical relations between growth and synthetic gene expression. Considering a biomolecular controller that makes cell-wide ribosome availability robust to perturbations, we showcase our model's usefulness in numerically prototyping biocircuits and deriving analytical relations for design guidance.


Assuntos
Escherichia coli , Genes Sintéticos , Escherichia coli/genética , Conscientização , Ligação Competitiva , Ciclo Celular
5.
BMC Ophthalmol ; 24(1): 98, 2024 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38438876

RESUMO

Image segmentation is a fundamental task in deep learning, which is able to analyse the essence of the images for further development. However, for the supervised learning segmentation method, collecting pixel-level labels is very time-consuming and labour-intensive. In the medical image processing area for optic disc and cup segmentation, we consider there are two challenging problems that remain unsolved. One is how to design an efficient network to capture the global field of the medical image and execute fast in real applications. The other is how to train the deep segmentation network using a few training data due to some medical privacy issues. In this paper, to conquer such issues, we first design a novel attention-aware segmentation model equipped with the multi-scale attention module in the pyramid structure-like encoder-decoder network, which can efficiently learn the global semantics and the long-range dependencies of the input images. Furthermore, we also inject the prior knowledge that the optic cup lies inside the optic disc by a novel loss function. Then, we propose a self-supervised contrastive learning method for optic disc and cup segmentation. The unsupervised feature representation is learned by matching an encoded query to a dictionary of encoded keys using a contrastive technique. Finetuning the pre-trained model using the proposed loss function can help achieve good performance for the task. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, extensive systemic evaluations on different public challenging optic disc and cup benchmarks, including DRISHTI-GS and REFUGE datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method, which can achieve new state-of-the-art performance approaching 0.9801 and 0.9087 F1 score respectively while gaining 0.9657 D C disc and 0.8976 D C cup . The code will be made publicly available.


Assuntos
Disco Óptico , Humanos , Disco Óptico/diagnóstico por imagem , Conscientização , Benchmarking , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Atenção
6.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 24(1): 272, 2024 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38439061

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: People with cancer have high information needs; however, they are often inadequately met. Patient versions of clinical practice guidelines (PVGs), a special form of evidence-based information, translate patient-relevant recommendations from clinical practice guidelines into lay language. To date, little is known about the experience of PVGs from healthcare providers' perspective in healthcare. This study aims to investigate the use, applicability, and dissemination of PVGs in oncology from the healthcare providers' perspective in Germany. METHODS: Twenty semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with oncological healthcare providers in Germany between October and December 2021. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Mayring's qualitative content analysis with MAXQDA software was utilised to analyse the data. RESULTS: A total of 20 healthcare providers (14 female, 6 male), mainly working as psychotherapists/psycho-oncologists and physicians, participated. Most participants (75%) were aware of the existence of PVGs. The content was predominantly perceived as comprehensible and relevant, whereas opinions on the design and format were mixed. The perceived lack of up-to-date information limited participants' trust in the content. Most felt that PVGs positively impact healthcare owing to the fact that they improve patients' knowledge about their disease. Additionally, PVGs served as a guide and helped healthcare providers structure physician-patient talks. Healthcare provider's unawareness of the existence of PVGs was cited as an obstructive factor to its dissemination to patients. CONCLUSION: Limited knowledge of the existence of PVGs among healthcare providers, coupled with alternative patient information, hinders the use and dissemination of PVGs in healthcare. However, the applicability of PVGs seemed to be acceptable owing to their content and good comprehensibility, especially with respect to physician-patient communication.


Assuntos
Pessoal de Saúde , Médicos , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Oncologia , Alemanha , Conscientização
7.
J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care ; 23: 23259582241236260, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38446992

RESUMO

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is lower in adolescents with HIV (AWH) than in any other age group, partly due to self-regulatory challenges during development. Mindfulness and acceptance training have been shown to support psychological flexibility, a self-regulatory skill that potentially improves adolescent adherence to medication. We assessed the effect of weekly group-based mindfulness and acceptance training sessions on ART adherence among older adolescents (15-19 years) in Kampala, Uganda. One hundred and twenty-two AWH (median age 17, range 15-19 years, 57% female) receiving care at a public health facility in Kampala were randomized 1:1 to receive 4 weekly 90-min group sessions facilitated by experienced trainers or standard-of-care ART services. The training involved (Session 1) clarifying values, (Session 2) skillfully relating to thoughts, (Session 3) allowing and becoming aware of experiences non-judgmentally, and (Session 4) exploring life through trial and error. At baseline, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up, psychological flexibility was measured using the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8), and self-reported ART adherence was assessed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). At baseline, the intervention and standard-of-care arms had similar psychological flexibility (AFQ-Y8 score:15.45 ± 0.82; 15.74 ± 0.84) and ART adherence (MMAS-8 score: 5.32 ± 0.24; 5.13 ± 0.23). Retention through the study was moderate (71%). Completion of mindfulness and acceptance training was associated with a significant reduction in psychological inflexibility at the 3-month follow-up (AFQ-Y8 score: 12.63 ± 1.06; 14.05 ± 1.07, P = .006). However, no significant differences were observed in self-reported adherence to ART at the 3-month follow-up (MMAS-8 score: 5.43 ± 0.23; 4.90 ± 0.33, P = .522). Group-based mindfulness and acceptance training improved psychological flexibility in this population of adolescents on ART in Uganda but did not significantly improve ART adherence. Future research should explore integrated approaches that combine behavioral management training with other empowerment aspects to improve ART adherence among AWH.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Atenção Plena , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Masculino , Uganda , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Conscientização , Cooperação do Paciente
8.
BMC Infect Dis ; 24(1): 293, 2024 Mar 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38448866

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed forms of cancer, and it is associated with several common symptoms and signs such as rectal bleeding, altered bowel habits, abdominal pain, anemia, and unintentional weight loss. Sciatica, a debilitating condition in which the patient experiences paresthesia and pain in the dermatome of associated lumbosacral nerve roots or sciatic nerve distribution, is not considered one of these. Here we present a case of colorectal cancer manifesting symptoms of sciatica alone. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old male presented with progressive lower back pain radiating to his left thigh and calf over L5/S1 dermatome. Sciatica was suspected and initially underwent conservative treatment with analgesics. However, the symptoms progressed and MRI revealed an epidural abscess surprisingly. Surgical debridement was performed and pus culture isolated Streptococcus gallolyticus. Based on the strong association of S. gallolyticus with colorectal cancer, the presence of this pathogen prompted further tumor evaluation, even in the absence of the typical symptoms and signs. This investigation ultimately leads to the diagnosis of sigmoid adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, sciatica caused by S. gallolyticus infection of the spinal epidural space may serve as the initial presentation of colorectal cancer. Physicians should be aware of the strong association between S. gallolyticus and colorectal cancer. Based on what we currently know about the condition; a thorough systematic assessment of occult neoplasia for patients with S. gallolyticus infection is recommended.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo , Abscesso Epidural , Ciática , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Ciática/diagnóstico , Ciática/etiologia , Abscesso Epidural/diagnóstico , Abscesso Epidural/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Colo/complicações , Neoplasias do Colo/diagnóstico , Dor Abdominal , Conscientização
11.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 2011, 2024 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38443396

RESUMO

Translation elongation is essential for maintaining cellular proteostasis, and alterations in the translational landscape are associated with a range of diseases. Ribosome profiling allows detailed measurements of translation at the genome scale. However, it remains unclear how to disentangle biological variations from technical artifacts in these data and identify sequence determinants of translation dysregulation. Here we present Riboformer, a deep learning-based framework for modeling context-dependent changes in translation dynamics. Riboformer leverages the transformer architecture to accurately predict ribosome densities at codon resolution. When trained on an unbiased dataset, Riboformer corrects experimental artifacts in previously unseen datasets, which reveals subtle differences in synonymous codon translation and uncovers a bottleneck in translation elongation. Further, we show that Riboformer can be combined with in silico mutagenesis to identify sequence motifs that contribute to ribosome stalling across various biological contexts, including aging and viral infection. Our tool offers a context-aware and interpretable approach for standardizing ribosome profiling datasets and elucidating the regulatory basis of translation kinetics.


Assuntos
Aprendizado Profundo , Magnoliopsida , Artefatos , Conscientização , Códon/genética
12.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0298555, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38512902

RESUMO

Tracking and detection have brought great challenges to network security. Therefore, this paper proposes a monitoring method of stealthy complex network attacks considering security situation awareness. By constructing a tracking model of invisible complex network attacks, public monitoring nodes are selected for monitoring. The cost of a single monitoring node is calculated by the algorithm, and the monitoring node is determined by the monitoring node algorithm, so as to reduce the resource occupancy rate of the monitoring node and improve the monitoring accuracy. The simulation results show that this method is stable in the range of 1000 to 4000 nodes, and can effectively monitor the complex network attacks of stealing secrets.


Assuntos
Conscientização , Roubo , Segurança Computacional , Simulação por Computador , Algoritmos
14.
Anim Cogn ; 27(1): 22, 2024 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38441831

RESUMO

Metacognition allows us to evaluate memories and knowledge, thus enabling us to distinguish between what we know and what we do not. Studies have shown that species other than humans may possess similar abilities. However, the number of species tested was limited. Testing ten free-ranging Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) on a task in which they had to find food hidden inside one of the four opaque tubes, we investigated whether these subjects would seek information when needed. The monkeys could look inside the tubes before selecting one. We varied three parameters: the baiting process, the cost that monkeys had to pay to look inside the tubes, and the reward at stake. We assessed whether and how these parameters would affect the monkeys' tendency to look inside the tube before selecting one. When they were not shown which tube contained the reward, nine monkeys looked significantly more frequently in at least one condition. Half of them tended to reduce their looks when the cost was high, but only when they already knew the location of the reward. When a high-quality reward was at stake, four monkeys tended to look more inside the tubes, even though they already knew the reward's location. Our results are consistent with those of rhesus macaques, suggesting that metacognitive-like abilities may be shared by Cercopithecidae, and that, at least some monkeys may be aware of their lack of knowledge.


Assuntos
Metacognição , Humanos , Animais , Macaca fuscata , Comportamento de Busca de Informação , Macaca mulatta , Conscientização
15.
J Environ Radioact ; 274: 107413, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38484579

RESUMO

This study explores the impact of a simulated radiological dispersal device (RDD) event in an urban area on young adults around 20 years old. The RDD releases radioactive Cs-137 (7.0E+3 Ci), a common industrial sterilization source. The study aims to demonstrate that combining computational codes and epidemiological models can produce valuable data to guide initial actions when confronting a hostile radioactive environment. The HotSpot Health Physics and RESRAD-RDD codes were used in the simulation to evaluate the event's initial phase. The codes were executed together, and the HotSpot output data was input into RESRAD-RDD. Based on simulated radiation dose levels, estimated doses were incorporated into radioepidemiological models proposed by the Committee on Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR V or VII report). Despite limitations, data transfer between the models revealed no discontinuities or antagonisms. Radiation doses were simulated under three exposure conditions and two atmospheric release modes (day or night), suggesting that atmospheric conditions, sex, and exposure routine can strongly influence the perception of radiation impacts. This combination of methods can increase situational awareness and help with decision-making and developing coping strategies.


Assuntos
Monitoramento de Radiação , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Adulto , Radioisótopos de Césio , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Conscientização , Doses de Radiação
16.
Rev. bioét. derecho ; (60): 3-18, Mar. 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-230469

RESUMO

La entrada en vigor de la Ley Orgánica 3/2021 sobre eutanasia en España (2021), ha propiciado un debate de relevancia en el ámbito de la bioética, como es el de la objeción de conciencia (OC) de los profesionales de la salud. Ahora bien, a pesar de que la literatura científica ha abordado esta cuestión, lo cierto es que la comprensión de los motivos subyacentes que impulsan a los profesionales a objetar no está del todo clara. Diversos autores han destacado que la OC halla sus fundamentos en creencias personales, ética profesional, aspectos emocionales y dinámicas del propio sistema. A su vez, se ha observado cómo hay posiciones diversas sobre la legitimidad de la OC, generando debates sobre su validez.Los objetivos de este artículo son revisar el concepto objeción de conciencia en el ámbito sanitario; analizar los factores que motivan este derecho; examinar las consecuencias de la OC en la carga asistencial de los profesionales no objetores; y explorar su posible conflicto ético con la justicia distributiva en la atención sanitaria. Por último, se reflexionará sobre la posibilidad de la OC institucional y sus posibles consecuencias en los derechos de pacientes y trabajadores.(AU)


L'entrada en vigor de la Llei Orgànica 3/2021 sobre l'eutanàsia a Espanya (2021) ha suscitat un debat rellevant en l'àmbit de la bioètica, com és el de l’objecció de consciència(OC) dels professionals de la salut. Tanmateix, malgrat que la literatura científica ha abordat aquesta qüestió, és cert que la comprensió dels motius subjacents que impulsen els professionals a objectar no està del tot clara. Diversos autors han destacatque l’OC troba els seus fonaments en creences personals, ètica professional, aspectes emocionals i dinàmiques del propi sistema. Al seu torn, s'ha observat com hi ha posicions diverses sobre la legitimitat de l’OC, generant debats sobre la seva validesa. Els objectius d'aquest article són revisar el concepte d’objecció de consciència en l'àmbit sanitari; analitzar els factors que motiven aquest dret; examinar les repercussions de l’OC en la càrrega assistencial dels professionals no objectors; i explorar el seu possible conflicte ètic amb la justícia distributiva en l'atenció sanitària. Finalment, es reflexionarà sobre la possibilitat de l’OC institucional i les seves possibles repercussions en els drets dels pacients i treballadors.(AU)


The enactment of Organic Law 3/2021 on euthanasia in Spain has sparked a significant debate in the field of bioethics, namely the issue of conscientious objection (CO) among healthcare professionals. However, despite the scientific literature addressing this matter, the understanding of the underlying reasons that drive professionals to object is not entirely clear. Several authors have highlighted that CO is rooted in personal beliefs, professional ethics, emotional aspects, and dynamics within the healthcare system. Simultaneously, there have been varying stances on the legitimacy of CO, leading to debates regarding its validity.The objectives of this article are to review the concept of conscientious objection in the healthcare context, analyze the factors motivating this right, examine the consequences of CO on the workload of non-objecting professionals, and explore its potential ethical conflict with distributive justice in healthcare. Finally, we will reflect on the possibility of institutional CO and its potential implications for the rights of patients and healthcare workers.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Direitos do Paciente , Lei Orgânica , Eutanásia/ética , Ética Médica , Ética Profissional , Conscientização , Espanha , Temas Bioéticos , Bioética
18.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 50(2): [102124], Mar. 2024. graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231239

RESUMO

Introduction: Microaggressions create negative consequences on the mental health of individuals who experience them, such as feelings of alienation, frustration and low self-esteem. Physicians worldwide are negatively impacted by the detrimental effects of microaggressions and implicit bias. It is imperative to establish the prevalence specificity of the problem hence the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, nature and determinants of microaggressions amongst healthcare professionals. Method: The study used an online anonymous survey to collect data including demographics, awareness of the term, experience of microaggression, acts and response. The research findings were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses using Chi-square test and binary logistic regression respectively. Result: A total of 443 participants (40.9% males, 59.1% females) included 403 physicians (91%), 21 dentists (4.7%), 15 nurses (3.4%) and 4 pharmacists (0.9%). More than half of the participants (59.8%) were aware of the term micro-aggression. The percentage was significantly higher among respondents from the western region of Saudi Arabia than the Gulf/Middle Eastern countries. Approximately 38.1% of the participants experienced microaggression and more than half (55.62%) did not report experiencing microaggression. The most common form of microaggression was passive-aggressive behavior (80.5%) followed by invalidation of an opinion (73.4%). Among those who experienced microaggression, (12.9%) reported anger as the most predominant emotional response. Conclusion: Microaggression is a universal phenomenon. Further research is necessary to determine its prevalence in other countries to establish a comprehensive understanding of its cultural context.(AU)


Introducción: Las microagresiones crean consecuencias negativas en la salud mental de las personas que las experimentan, como sentimientos de alienación, frustración y baja autoestima. Los médicos de todo el mundo se ven afectados negativamente por los efectos perjudiciales de las microagresiones y el sesgo implícito. Es imperativo establecer la especificidad de prevalencia del problema, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia, la naturaleza y los determinantes de las microagresiones entre los profesionales de la salud. Método: El estudio utilizó una encuesta anónima en línea para recopilar datos demográficos, conocimiento del término, experiencia de microagresión, actos y respuesta. Los resultados de la investigación se analizaron mediante análisis univariados y multivariados mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado y la regresión logística binaria, respectivamente. Resultado: Un total de 443 participantes (40,9% hombres, 59,1% mujeres) incluyeron 403 médicos (91%), 21 dentistas (4,7%), 15 enfermeras (3,4%) y 4 farmacéuticos (0,9%). Más de la mitad de los participantes (59,8%) conocían el término microagresión. El porcentaje fue significativamente mayor entre los encuestados de la región occidental de Arabia Saudita que entre los países del Golfo/Medio Oriente. Aproximadamente el 38,1% de los participantes experimentaron microagresión y más de la mitad (55,62%) informaron no haber experimentado microagresión. La forma más común de microagresión fue el comportamiento pasivo-agresivo (80,5%), seguido de la invalidación de una opinión (73,4%). Entre quienes experimentaron microagresión, 12,9% reportaron ira como la respuesta emocional predominante. Conclusión: La microagresión es un fenómeno universal. Se necesita más investigación para determinar su prevalencia en otros países a fin de establecer una comprensión integral de su contexto cultural.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , /epidemiologia , Saúde Mental , Conscientização , Hostilidade , Inquéritos e Questionários
19.
Pharm. pract. (Granada, Internet) ; 22(1): 1-7, Ene-Mar, 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231364

RESUMO

Objective: Venous thrombosis (VTE) and arterial thrombosis are two different diseases. Although they differ in causes, types, and treatment, they share many risk factors. Many people are not able to differentiate between them. So assessing the awareness of people toward these two diseases and determining the variables that affect their awareness was the aim of the study. Methods: This is a cross-sectional validated questionnaire which was conducted on social media. It targeted the southern Jordanian public above 18 years between October and December 2022. Results: A total of 630 people participated in the current study. Only 42.2% knew the cause of arterial thrombosis compared to 58.7% in case of venous thrombosis. More than half (63.2%) of the participants knew that there is a difference between venous and arterial thrombosis. DVT (36.8%) and PE (23%) were correctly identified as types of VTE, while only myocardial infarction was identified as a type of arterial thrombosis by 52.2% of respondents. About 69.5% and 80.2% of respondents think that venous and arterial thrombosis are fatal, respectively. Regarding the socio-demographic variables that affect the awareness of the public, old age, high educational level, working, and earning at least 500 JD per month were significantly associated with better awareness of the study population about venous and arterial thrombosis with a p-value of 0.0027, < 0.001, 0.0017, and < 0.001 respectively. Conclusion: The current study reveals that there is a lack of awareness about VTE and arterial thrombosis and the difference between them among the southern Jordanian public. VTE and arterial thrombosis are preventable diseases, so more attention should be given by increasing the educational campaign and the initiatives of public health about the difference between them in terms of signs and symptoms, risk factors, and complications.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Trombose das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico , Conscientização , Trombose/classificação , Conhecimento , Jordânia , Farmácia , Tratamento Farmacológico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais
20.
BMC Med Educ ; 24(1): 118, 2024 Feb 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38321409

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Nurses play an important role in healthcare development. The increasing demands for nurses mean that nursing schools at the undergraduate level have the responsibility to ensure patient safety and quality care through a well-designed curriculum. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the teaching method combined with situational awareness and case-based seminars in a comprehensive nursing skills practice course on the level of self-directed learning, professional identity, academic self-efficacy, theoretical scores, practical scores, teaching satisfaction, and student competence among nursing students. METHODS: The research population comprised was of the grades of 2019 and 2020 at Wannan Medical College in Anhui Province, China (n = 169, response rate 77.88%). The observation group from grade 2020 used the teaching method combined with situational awareness and case-based seminars, whereas the control group from grade 2019 used the traditional teaching mode. General information, self-directed learning, a professional identity, and academic self-efficacy were compared between the two groups. This research used means and standard deviations, chi-square, the Shapiro-Wilk test, and an independent sample t-test for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the total scores for self-directed learning, professional identity, and academic self-efficacy were higher in the observation group (78.80 ± 7.89 vs 60.21 ± 7.44, 63.39 ± 7.87 vs 52.35 ± 7.68, and 22.31 ± 3.30 vs 21.28 ± 2.31, respectively, with P < 0.05 for all scores). More significant improvements were made in the observation group on the level of theoretical scores (81.39 ± 3.32 vs 76.28 ± 5.90) and practical scores (93.32 ± 4.70 vs 90.67 ± 5.09) (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, teaching satisfaction, which includes teaching method (66/18 vs 32/53) and teacher-student interaction (72/12 vs 34/51), and student competence, which includes team cooperation (67/17 vs 39/46), critical thinking (60/24 vs 31/54), and communication skills (67/17 vs 38/47) after the intervention (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in social persuasion (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The teaching method combined with situational awareness and case-based seminars in a comprehensive nursing skills practice course has the potential to improve the level of self-directed learning, professional identity, and academic self-efficacy, and it increases theoretical scores, practical scores, teaching satisfaction, and student competence.


Assuntos
Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Humanos , Conscientização , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/métodos , Aprendizagem , Currículo
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