Biological effects of formulation containing curcuminoids and Bidens Pilosa L. in oral carcinoma cell line

Abstract: FITOPROT, which contains curcuminoids and Bidens pilosa L. extract, is an innovative mucoadhesive formulation indicated for the topical treatment of chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) in patients with advanced and visible oral squamous cell carcinoma. The formulation is used as a mouthwash directly on tumor tissue of patients with advanced neoplasms, without triggering cancer cell proliferation or tumor invasiveness. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of FITOPROT on an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC-4). The viability of SCC-4 cells was assessed after exposure to FITOPROT using MTT reduction assay. The effects of the mucoadhesive formulation on cell cycle progression and cell death parameters were evaluated using flow cytometry. In addition, the inflammatory profile of the tumor cells was evaluated using the cytometric bead array (CBA) assay. FITOPROT promoted a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial membrane potential was also altered after exposure to the formulation (p < 0.05), in parallel with a reduction in VEGF and IL-8 production (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively). In summary, the results indicate that FITOPROT reduces SCC-4 cell viability, promotes cell cycle arrest, modulates mitochondrial membrane potential, and exhibits antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, thus indicating its potential for topical use in patients with OM and visible tumors in the mouth.

Avaliação dos efeitos do Bisfenol A em queratinócitos e células de neoplasia de cavidade oral / Evaluation of bisphenol A effects in keratinocytes and oral cavity neoplasia cells

O Bisfenol A (BPA) é um monômero utilizado na produção de garrafas plásticas, embalagens alimentícias, resinas odontológicas e vários outros materiais. Este monômero age como um desregulador do sistema endócrino e seus efeitos estão associados a cânceres em diferentes órgão e tecidos, como mama, próstata e tireóide. O BPA já foi detectado em fluidos humanos, incluindo saliva, mas os seus efeitos na mucosa bucal e em células orais neoplásicas não foram investigados. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram 1) verificar os efeitos da exposição crônica ao BPA em glândulas salivares e mucosa bucal in vivo e 2) avaliar os efeitos do BPA in vitro em células de neoplasias bucais e queratinócitos; Para atender ao objetivo 1, camundongos machos e fêmeas receberam BPA (200 mg/mL) na água de beber durante 6 semanas. As mucosas orais (palato, língua e mucosa jugal) e as glândulas submandibulares foram avaliadas. Para atender ao objetivo 2, a resposta ao BPA foi examinada nas linhagens NOK-SI (queratinócito), HN12, HN13 (CCE de cavidade oral), UM HMC1 e UM HMC3a (neoplasia de glândula salivar). Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: viabilidade, proliferação, invasão, angiogênese, produção de citocinas e fatores de crescimento e possíveis mecanismos de ação do BPA. Resultados. A exposição de camundongos ao BPA resultou em alterações microscópicas caracterizadas pelo aumento da espessura do epitélio da mucosa oral (palato, língua e mucosa jugal) e uma redução no número de ácinos das glândulas submandibulares. Foi observado também um acúmulo de BPA nos tecidos orais. In vitro, nas linhagens de CCE, o BPA aumentou a proliferação, invasão celular e os níveis da proteína vimentina, e ainda induziu a secreção de citocinas e fatores de crescimento, e a acetilação de histonas H3. Em queratinócitos orais, o BPA aumentou a proliferação celular e induziu a secreção de fatores de crescimento e a expressão de receptores de estrógeno (ER) α e ß. Os efeitos do BPA foram revertidos na presença do antagonista puro do ER. Nas linhagens de neoplasias de glândula o BPA não alterou a proliferação e induziu a expressão de p63. Em conclusão, o BPA induz alterações morfológicas nos tecidos bucais e alterações moleculares nos queratinócitos e nas células de CCE de cavidade oral. Os mecanismos pelos quais o BPA induz estas alterações são dependentes da interação BPA-ER e da acetilação de histonas.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer used to product plastic bottles, food packaging, inner coating of food cans, thermal papers, medical devices, dental resins and various other materials. Due to its chemical structure, this monomer acts as a deregulator of the endocrine system and its effects are associated with cancers in different organs and tissues such as breast, endometrium, ovary, prostate, testis and thyroid. BPA has been detected in several human fluids, including saliva, however its effects on the normal oral mucosa and neoplastic oral cells have not been investigated yet. Thus, the objectives of the present study were 1) to verify the effects of chronic exposure to BPA in salivary glands and oral mucosa in vivo and 2) to evaluate the effects of BPA in vitro on oral tumor cells and keratinocytes. To meet objective 1, male and female mice received BPA (200 mg / mL) in drinking water for 6 weeks. The oral mucosa (palate, tongue and buccal mucosa) and submandibular salivary glands were evaluated microscopically. To meet objective 2, the response to BPA was examined in immortalized cell lines NOK SI (keratinocyte); HN12, HN13 (OSCC), UM HMC1 and UM HMC3a (salivary gland tumor). The following parameters were evaluated: viability, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, cytokine and growth factors production. Results. Exposure of mice to BPA resulted in microscopic changes characterized by increased thickness of the oral mucosa epithelium (palate, tongue and buccal mucosa) and a reduction in the number of submandibular salivary glands acini. There was also an accumulation of BPA in the oral tissues. In vitro, in OSCC cells, BPA increased cell proliferation and invasion, vimentin expression, induced secretion of cytokines and growth factors, and induced histone H3 acetylation. In oral keratinocytes, BPA increased cell proliferation and induced secretion of growth factors and estrogen receptor (ER) α and ß expression. The effects of BPA were reversed in the presence of the pure ER antagonist. In salivary gland tumor cell lines, BPA did not alter the proliferation and induced the expression of p63. BPA mechanism of action involves its interaction with ER, since the effects were reverted in the presence of pure receptor antagonist. In conclusion, BPA induces morphological changes in oral tissues and molecular changes in keratinocytes and OSCC cells. The mechanisms which BPA induces these changes are dependent to the BPA-ER interaction and histone acetylation.

Evaluating of cytotoxic effects of highly esthetic dental composites / Avaliação dos efeitos citotóxicos de resinas compostas altamente estéticas

Objective: Dental composites developed by using nanotechnology in the field of dentistry are widely used in the treatment of anterior and posterior teeth. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of dental composites of different particle size on L929 mouse fibroblast cell line by extract test method in vitro. Material and Methods: Composite samples of 8 x 2 mm diameter were prepared by polymerizing with led light device by using glass mod in a sterile cabinet. Composite samples of which surface areas were calculated according to ISO standards (3 cm2 / ml), were incubated for 24 and 72 hours, at 37 o C. cell viability was assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2- yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cell death was evaluated by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay. Results: The 1:1 extracts of the composites at the end of 24 hours (except for nanoceramic composite) showed no toxic effect. When the cell viability results of the 1:1 extracts of the composite samples at the end of 72 hours were statistically analyzed, significant differences were found comparing to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was observed that the type and size of the filler were effective on the toxicity of the composites, and the composites containing Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA and Bis EMA monomers in their organic matrix showed acceptable cell viability (70%) as specified by ISO. However, the composites with PEGDMA and BPA monomers in their organic matrix showed poor cell viability, which is below the acceptable level of 70%, and were found to have a toxic effect. (AU)

Objetivo: As resinas compostas desenvolvidas pela nanotecnologia no campo da odontologia são amplamente utilizadas no tratamento de dentes anteriores e posteriores. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos citotóxicos de resinas compostas de diferentes tamanhos de partículas na linha celular de fibroblastos de camundongos L929 pelo método de teste de extrato in vitro. Material e Métodos: Amostras compostas de 8 x 2 mm de diâmetro foram preparadas por polimerização com dispositivo de luz led usando um molde de vidro em um gabinete estéril. Amostras de resinas cujas áreas de superfície foram calculadas de acordo com os padrões ISO (3 cm2 / ml), foram incubadas por 24 e 72 horas, a 37 o C. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada pelo ensaio de brometo de 3- [4,5-dimetiltiazol-2- il] -2,5-difeniltetrazólio (MTT) e a morte celular foi avaliada pelo ensaio de infiltração de lactato desidrogenase (LDH). Resultados: Os extratos 1: 1 dos compósitos ao final de 24 horas (exceto o composto nanocerâmico) não apresentaram efeito tóxico. Quando os resultados de viabilidade celular dos extratos 1: 1 das amostras compostas ao final de 72 horas foram analisados, estatisticamente, foram encontradas diferenças significativas em relação ao grupo controle (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Observou-se que o tipo e tamanho da carga foram eficazes na toxicidade dos compósitos, e os compósitos contendo os monômeros Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA e Bis EMA em sua matriz orgânica apresentaram viabilidade celular aceitável (70%) como especificado pela ISO. No entanto, os compósitos com monômeros PEGDMA e BPA em sua matriz orgânica apresentaram baixa viabilidade celular, que está abaixo do nível aceitável de 70%, e foram encontrados como tendo um efeito tóxico. (AU)

Mechanical-physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of catechin-incorporated adhesive resins

Abstract Several anti-proteolytic dentin therapies are being exhaustively studied in an attempt to reduce dentin bond degradation and improve clinical performance and longevity of adhesive restorations. Objectives This study assessed the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on long-term bond strength when incorporated into adhesives. Material and Methods Adhesive systems were formulated with EGCG concentrations of 0 wt%: (no EGCG; control); 0.5 wt% EGCG; 1.0 wt% EGCG, and 1.5 wt% EGCG. Flexural strength (FS), modulus of elasticity (ME), modulus of resilience (MR), compressive strength (CS), degree of conversion (DC), polymerization shrinkage (PS), percentage of water sorption (%WS), percentage of water solubility (%WL) and cytotoxicity properties were tested. Dentin microtensile bond strength (µTBS) was evaluated after 24 h and again after 6 months of water storage. The adhesive interface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of FS, ME, MR, CS and PS. EGCG-doped adhesives increased the DC relative to the control group. EGCG concentrations of 1.0 wt% and 0.5 wt% decreased the WS of adhesives. WL decreased in all cases in which EGCG was added to adhesives, regardless of the concentration. EGCG concentrations of 1.0 wt% and 0.5 wt% reduced cytotoxicity. EGCG concentrations of 1.0 wt% and 0.5 wt% preserved µTBS after 6 months of storage, while 1.5 wt% EGCG significantly decreased µTBS. SEM: the integrity of the hybrid layer was maintained in the 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% EGCG groups. Conclusion EGCG concentrations of 1.0 wt% and 0.5 wt% showed better biological and mechanical performance, preserved bond strength and adhesive interface, and reduced cytotoxicity.

Cytotoxicity and cytokine expression induced by silorane and methacrylate-based composite resins

ABSTRACT The successful use of composite resins in Dentistry depends on physicochemical properties, but also on the biological compatibility of resins, because of the close association between pulp and dentin. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and cytokine production induced by light-cured or non-light-cured methacrylate-based and silorane composite resins in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Material and Methods Cells were stimulated with the extracts from light-cured or non-light-cured composite resins. After incubation for 24 h, cytotoxicity was assessed with the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays, and total protein was quantified using the Lowry method. TNF-α detection was examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) conducted with cell supernatants after cell stimulation for 6, 12, and 24 h. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test (α=0.05). Results KaloreTM and FiltekTM Silorane were cytotoxic with or without light curing (p<0.05) after 24 h of incubation. KaloreTM stimulated the early production of TNF-α in comparison with control (p<0.05), whereas FiltekTM Silorane did not affect TNF-α levels after 6 and 12 h (p>0.05). However, after 24 h FiltekTM Silorane inhibited the production of TNF-α (p<0.05). Conclusions KaloreTM and FiltekTM Silorane were cytotoxic regardless of light curing. The extract obtained from KaloreTM after 15 days of incubation stimulated the production of TNF-α, unlike that obtained from FiltekTM Silorane.

Influence of the magnetic field on microorganisms in the oral cavity

Since the beginning of their lives, all living organisms are exposed to the influence of geomagnetic fields. Objectives : With respect to the positive effects that magnetic fields have on human tissues, especially the bactericidal effect, this investigation aimed to assess their influence on the reduction of oral microorganisms. Material and Methods : In order to obtain adequate specimens of dental plaque deposit, microbes such as Streptococcus parasanguinis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Rhodococcus equi and Candida albicans were isolated from the human mouth. To establish the intensity of microbial growth on the basis of the modified optical density (OD) of agar turbidimetry assay, microbial count and spectrophotometry were applied. The study was carried out with two microbial concentrations (1 and 10 CFU/ml) after periods of incubation of 24 and 48 h and using micromagnets. Results : A positive effect of the magnetic field, resulting in the reduction of dental plaque microbes in vitro, was found. In the first 24 hours of exposure to the magnetic field, the number of all isolated microbes was significantly reduced. The most potent influence of magnets and the most intensified reduction after 24 hours were evident in Candida albicans colonies. The decrease in the influence of magnets on microbes in vitro was also detected. Conclusions : Magnets reduce the number of microbes and might be recommended as a supplement in therapy for reduced periodontal tissues. This is important because periodontal tissues that are in good conditions provide prolonged support to the oral tissues under partial and supradental denture. .

Modulation of cell proliferation, survival and gene expression by RAGE and TLR signaling in cells of the innate and adaptive immune response: role of p38 MAPK and NF-KB

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible synergism between AGE-RAGE and TLR4 signaling and the role of p38 MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways on the modulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines and proliferation of cells from the innate and adaptive immune response. Material and Methods: T lymphocyte (JM) and monocyte (U937) cell lines were stimulated with LPS and AGE-BSA independently and associated, both in the presence and absence of p38 MAPK and NF-kB inhibitors. Proliferation was assessed by direct counting and viability was assessed by a biochemical assay of mitochondrial function. Cytokine gene expression for RAGe, CCL3, CCR5, IL-6 and TNF-α was studied by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. Results: RAGE mRNA expression was detected in both cell lines. LPS and AGE-BSA did not influence cell proliferation and viability of either cell line up to 72 hours. LPS and LPS associated with AGE induced expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in monocytes and T cells, respectively. Conclusions: There is no synergistic effect between RAGE and TLR signaling on the expression of IL-6, TNF-α , RAGE, CCR5 and CCL3 by monocytes and lymphocytes. Activation of RAGE associated or not with TLR signaling also had no effect on cell proliferation and survival of these cell types. .

In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of different brands of artificial teeth / Avaliação in vitro da citotoxicidade de dentes artificiais de diferentes marcas comerciais

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of different brands of stock acrylic teeth against fibroblast cells. Materials and Methods: For this experiment, the cell lineage used was the L929 from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA). The brands of stock teeth tested included: Artplus, Biolux, Biotone, Pop Dent, Vipi Dent, Orthosit Ivoclar, Biocler, and Trilux. Each group was placed in contact with the fibroblast cells for the periods of 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours. Control cells, as well asnegative and positive controls, were used to compare the extremes. Results: The results showed cytotoxicity for all the groups tested in the time periods of 24, 48, and 72 hours during the experiment, which occurred in theOrthosit Ivoclar and Trilux groups even after the experiment had been conducted for 168 hours. Conclusion:The researched acrylic teeth developed cytotoxicity against the cells in vitro during the time periods of 24, 48, and 72 hours, while Ivoclar Vivodent and Trilux brands of teeth developed cytotoxicity against the tested cellsduring the time period of 168 hours.

O papel do flúor sobre linhagens de células osteoblásticas de camundongos com densidades ósseas distintas: estudos em MC3T3-E1, C3H/HeJ e C57BL/6J / The role of fluoride on different osteoblastic cell line from different mice strains with distinct bone density: Study on MC3T3-E1, C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6J

Sabe-se que o flúor causa alterações químicas e celulares no osso, dependendo da dosagem e do tempo de exposição a esse elemento. Já foi demonstrado que alterações clínicas importantes, como a osteoporose, osteopetrose e esclerose óssea, podem ser geradas pela ingestão de flúor. Sabe-se que o flúor pode guiar os osteoblastos ao crescimento, sob doses e tempos de exposição específicos. A sensibilidade dos tecidos mineralizados ao fluoreto responde a mecanismos genéticos inerentes a cada população. Dentro de uma mesma espécie, diferentes linhagens apresentam um comportamento distinto frente a esse fármaco. Durante várias décadas, os estudos com fluoretos resumiram-se ao fluoreto de sódio, amplamente utilizado na prevenção das cáries dentárias. Recentemente, outras fontes de fluoretos como TiF4 e SnF2 têm sido buscadas, com intuito de potencializar as vantagens desse elemento. Porém não existem estudos ainda sobre o efeito do AlF3 sobre o tecido ósseo até a presente data. Desse modo, achamos oportuno investigar seu papel, quando administrado a células ósseas e para tal, investigamos a viabilidade e padrão de atividade das fosfatases desse sal (AlF3) quando administrado às células da linhagem pré-osteblástica MC3T3, em comparação ao NaF. Além disso, sabendo que diferentes células apresentam comportamento distinto ao tratamento com fluoretos, estudamos o papel do NaF quando administrado a duas linhagens celulares de camundongos com densidades ósseas distintas e com diferentes susceptibilidades ao fluoreto: C3H/HeJ e C57BL/6J (C3H e C57, alta e baixa densidades ósseas, respectivamente). As células também foram avaliadas quanto à viabilidade celular e ao perfil das fosfatases. Todos os resultados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância a três critérios e nos permitiu identificar que entre os sais de fluoreto, apenas o NaF promoveu alterações na viabilidade celular das células MC3T3. O AlF3 não exerceu influência na atividade da fosfatase alcalina...

It is well known that fluoride causes chemical and cellular alteration on bone tissue, depending on the dosage and time of exposure to this element. Several studies have been conducted to show that some bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteopetrosis and esclerosis, can occur as a consequence of the excessive fluoride uptake. Fluoride can lead osteoblast to proliferate, under certain conditions as time and dosage. The same way, excessive dosages of fluoride can alter protein activity in osteoblasts, by changing the expression of retated genes. Sensitivity of mineralized tissues to fluoride depends on a genetic background inherent to each population. Within the same specie, different lineages present distint behavior to the ingestion of this íon. Over several decades, many researches focused on the study of NaF as the only source of fluoride, once it is wide spread used to the prevention of dental caries. More recently, different sources of fluoride have been assessed, like TiF4 e SnF23 did not exibit influence over on alkaline phosphatase when pre-osteoblast cells are considered, but the effect of this fluoride salt on the activity of total and tartarate resistant acid phosphatases ocurrs on a dicotomic way. When we consider a mixed cell population, collected from calvária as for the C3H and C57 assays, NaF did interfered as with the proliferation rate as phosphatase activities on a very distinct fashion between the two lineages. Thus, it is possible to conclude that NaF is able to exert variable effects in different cell types and enzyme activities; on the other hand, AlF3 effects are more specific and surrounded in pre-osteblastic cells.

O papel do flúor sobre linhagens de células osteoblásticas de camundongos com densidades ósseas distintas: estudos em MC3T3-E1, C3H/HeJ e C57BL/6J / The role of fluoride on different osteoblastic cell line from different mice strains with distinct bone density: study on MC3T3-E1, C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6J

Sabe-se que o flúor causa alterações químicas e celulares no osso, dependendo da dosagem e do tempo de exposição a esse elemento. Já foi demonstrado que alterações clínicas importantes, como a osteoporose, osteopetrose e esclerose óssea, podem ser geradas pela ingestão de flúor. Sabe-se que o flúor pode guiar os osteoblastos ao crescimento, sob doses e tempos de exposição específicos. A sensibilidade dos tecidos mineralizados ao fluoreto responde a mecanismos genéticos inerentes a cada população. Dentro de uma mesma espécie, diferentes linhagens apresentam um comportamento distinto frente a esse fármaco. Durante várias décadas, os estudos com fluoretos resumiram-se ao fluoreto de sódio, amplamente utilizado na prevenção das cáries dentárias. Recentemente, outras fontes de fluoretos como TiF4 e SnF2 têm sido buscadas, com intuito de potencializar as vantagens desse elemento. Porém não existem estudos ainda sobre o efeito do AlF3 sobre o tecido ósseo até a presente data. Desse modo, achamos oportuno investigar seu papel, quando administrado a células ósseas e para tal, investigamos a viabilidade e padrão de atividade das fosfatases desse sal (AlF3) quando administrado às células da linhagem pré-osteblástica MC3T3, em comparação ao NaF. Além disso, sabendo que diferentes células apresentam comportamento distinto ao tratamento com fluoretos, estudamos o papel do NaF quando administrado a duas linhagens celulares de camundongos com densidades ósseas distintas e com diferentes susceptibilidades ao fluoreto: C3H/HeJ e C57BL/6J (C3H e C57, alta e baixa densidades ósseas, respectivamente). As células também foram avaliadas quanto à viabilidade celular e ao perfil das fosfatases. Todos os resultados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância a três critérios e nos permitiu identificar que entre os sais de fluoreto, apenas o NaF promoveu alterações na viabilidade celular das células MC3T3. O AlF3 não exerceu influência na atividade da fosfatase alcalina...

It is well known that fluoride causes chemical and cellular alteration on bone tissue, depending on the dosage and time of exposure to this element. Several studies have been conducted to show that some bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteopetrosis and esclerosis, can occur as a consequence of the excessive fluoride uptake. Fluoride can lead osteoblast to proliferate, under certain conditions as time and dosage. The same way, excessive dosages of fluoride can alter protein activity in osteoblasts, by changing the expression of retated genes. Sensitivity of mineralized tissues to fluoride depends on a genetic background inherent to each population. Within the same specie, different lineages present distint behavior to the ingestion of this íon. Over several decades, many researches focused on the study of NaF as the only source of fluoride, once it is wide spread used to the prevention of dental caries. More recently, different sources of fluoride have been assessed, like TiF4 e SnF23 did not exibit influence over on alkaline phosphatase when pre-osteoblast cells are considered, but the effect of this fluoride salt on the activity of total and tartarate resistant acid phosphatases ocurrs on a dicotomic way. When we consider a mixed cell population, collected from calvária as for the C3H and C57 assays, NaF did interfered as with the proliferation rate as phosphatase activities on a very distinct fashion between the two lineages. Thus, it is possible to conclude that NaF is able to exert variable effects in different cell types and enzyme activities; on the other hand, AlF3 effects are more specific and surrounded in pre-osteblastic cells.

Avaliação in vitro da citotoxicidade de bráquetes ortodônticos metálicos e cerâmicos / In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets

Proposição: avaliar a citotoxicidade de bráquetes metálicos e cerâmicos em diferentesperiodos de tempo. Metodologia: foram avaliados bráquetes metálicos e cerâmicos deuma mesma marca comercial (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Califórnia) distribuídos em dois grupos:1) metálico (Victory Series); 2) cerâmico (TranscendTM). Três grupos controle foram avaliados:controle positivo (C+) constituído de um cilindro de amálgama, controle negativo (C-), bastãode vidro e controle de célula (CC), onde as células não foram expostas a nenhum material. Previamente,os bráquetes foram esterilizados em luz ultravioleta (UV). Após isso, foram imersosem meio mínimo essencial de Eagle (MEM) por 24 horas, onde então se procedeu a remoçãodo sobrenadante e a colocação em contato com fibroblastos L929. Avaliou-se a citotoxicidadeem quatro períodos (24, 48, 72 e 168 horas). Após contato com o meio, as células foramincubadas por mais 24 horas, onde então foram adicionados 100 ml do corante vermelho neutroa 0,01 %. Após isso foi realizada contagem de células viáveis em espectrofotômetro em umcomprimento de onda de 492 nm. Resultados: não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticasentre os grupos experimentais (1 e 2) com os grupos controle negativos e controle de célula(p ¼ 0,05). Conclusão: tanto os bráquetes cerâmicos quanto os metálicos não foram citotóxicosnos períodos de tempo avaliados.

Proposition: the purpose of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of metal andceramic brackets in different periods of time. Methods: we evaluated metal and ceramic bracketsof the same trademark (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CAl divided into two groups: 1) metallic (victorySeries); 2) ceramic (TranscendTM) conventional. Three control groups have been evaluated:positive control (C +) consisting of amalgam cylinders, nega tive control group (C-) consistingof glass rods and Cell Control Group (CC) consisting of cells not exposed to any material. Alibrackets were previously sterilized under ultra-violet light (UV) and, then, immersed in Eagle'sminimum essential media (MEM) for 24 hours, after which the supernatants were removedand placed into contact with L929 fibroblast cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated at 24, 48, 72and 168 hours. After contact with MEM, the cells were further incubated for 24 hours and100 ml of 0.01 % neutral red dye were added. After this period, the cells were fixed and viable cellcounting was performed by spectrophotometry at 492 nm wavelength. Results: Any statisticallysignificant difference was found between the experimental groups (1 and 2) and the nega tivecontrol and cell control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: both the metal and ceramic bracketsare not cytotoxic in the time periods evaluated.

Estudo comparativo da citotoxicidade de cimentos obturadores sobre culturas de células endoteliais da linhagem ECV 304 / Comparative study of cytotoxicity of sealers on cultured endothelial cells line ECV 304

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, in vitro, a citotoxicidade dos cimentos endodônticos Densell Endo®, Pulp-Fill®, Endofill®, Sealer 26®, Pulp Canal Sealer® e GuttaFlow® após 12, 24 e 72 horas de tempo de contato, utilizando-se uma linhagem de células endoteliais ECV-304. Para a avaliação da viabilidade celular, utilizou-se o teste de citotoxicidade MTT. Para cada cimento foram preparados 12 corpos de prova que foram distribuídos em seis grupos experimentais de acordo com as marcas comerciais, sendo quatro para cada tempo. Foi criado um grupo controle que não foi submetido à ação de cimento. Para avaliação do efeito dos cimentos sobre as células endoteliais, os corpos de prova foram inseridos nos poços da placa cultura, incubados a 37ºC em presença de 5% de CO2 e 100% de umidade. Os testes MTT foram realizados, em quadruplicata, após 12, 24 e 72 horas de contato das amostras com o tapete celular. Foi utilizada a prova Two-Way Anova com o teste Post Hoc de Bonferroni com nível de significância de 5%. Na análise de 12 horas, foi possível observar que o cimento GuttaFlow® apresentou média de absorbância de 0,055, seguido do Sealer 26® (média = 0,038). Os cimentos Pulp Canal Sealer® e Densell Endo® apresentaram a mesma média de absorbância (0,031). O Pulp Fill® e o Endofill® foram os cimentos que apresentaram maior citotoxicidade (média de absorbância = 0,024 e 0,021, respectivamente). O grupo controle apresentou média de absorbância de 0,158. Em 24 horas observou-se que os cimentos GuttaFlow® e Sealer 26® apresentaram as maiores médias de absorbância (0,041 e 0,037, respectivamente), seguidos pelo cimento Pulp Canal Sealer® que apresentou média de absorbância de 0,035. Já os cimentos Densell Endo® e Pulp Fill® apresentaram médias de absorbância de 0,033 e 0,032, respectivamente. O cimento Endofill® apresentou uma média de 0,026 e o grupo controle de 0,086. Quando analisados em 72 horas, o cimento Pulp Canal Sealer® obteve média de absorbância ...

This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, cytotoxicity of root canal sealers Densell Endo®, Pulp-Fill®, Endofill®, Sealer 26®, Pulp Canal Sealer® and GuttaFlow® after 12, 24 and 72 hours of contact time, using a endothelial cell line ECV-304. For the assessment of cell viability, used the MTT cytotoxicity test. For any cement were prepared 12 specimens that were divided into six groups according to the trademarks, four for each time. Created a control group that was not subjected to action of cement. To assess the effects of cements on endothelial cells, the specimens were placed in culture plate wells, incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2 and 100% humidity. MTT tests were performed, in quadruplicate, after 12, 24 and 72 contact hours of the samples with monolayers. Was used to test Two-Way Anova with Bonferroni Post Hoc test with significance level of 5%. In the analysis of 12 hours, was observed that the cement GuttaFlow® had a mean absorbance of 0,055, followed by Sealer 26® (average = 0,038). Cements Pulp Canal Sealer® and Densell Endo® had the same mean absorbance (0,031). The Pulp Fill® and Enfofill® were the cements with higher cytotoxicity (mean absorbance = 0,024 and 0,021, respectively). The control group had a mean absorbance of 0,158. In 24 hours it was observed that the cements Sealer 26® and GuttaFlow® had the highest average absorbance (0,041 and 0,037, respectively), followed by cement Pulp Canal Sealer® that had a mean absorbance of 0.035. Already cements Densell Endo® and Pulp Fill® showed means absorbance of 0,033 and 0,032, respectively. Cement Endofill showed an average of 0,026 and the control group, 0,086. When analyzed at 72 hours, the cement Pulp Canal Sealer® had an average absorbance of 0,049, followed by cement GuttaFlow® and Pulp Fill®, both with 0,048. Cements Densell Endo®, Sealer 26® and Endofill® showed respectively, averaging 0,044, 0,040 and 0,036. The control group differed significantly ...(AU)

Análise dos efeitos da superexpressão do gene PROX1 em linhagem celular derivada de carcinoma epidermóide bucal / Analisys of PROX1 overexpression effects in an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line

Os genes homeobox são responsáveis por codificar proteínas nucleares que agem como fatores de transcrição durante o desenvolvimento embrionário, regulando proliferação e diferenciação celular. A expressão alterada do gene homeobox PROX1 já foi identificado em diferentes neoplasias, incluindo mama, esôfago, fígado, sistema biliar, linfomas e cavidade bucal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da superexpressão do gene PROX1 em linhagem celular derivada de carcinoma epidermóide bucal nos mecanismos de proliferação e diferenciação celular, apoptose e perfil global de expressão gênica. Após a superexpressão deste gene na linhagem celular SCC-9, foi realizada a análise de proliferação por meio dos ensaios de curva de proliferação celular, citometria de fluxo, índice de incorporação de BrdU ao DNA e expressão de Ki67. A diferenciação celular foi verificada por meio de reações imunocitoquímicas para as citoqueratinas 1, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18 e 19 e a apoptose foi avaliada por meio de células positivas para anexina-V e iodeto de propídeo. O ensaio de microarray foi realizado para avaliação do perfil global de expressão gênica na linhagem celular SCC9 com superexpressão do gene PROX1. Observou-se que a superexpressão do gene PROX1 promove redução da proliferação celular, bem como reduz a expressão das citoqueratinas 1, 13, 18 e 19. Não houve alteração na taxa de apoptose entre as células com superexpressão do gene PROX1 e controles. Os resultados do microarray revelaram a expressão diferencial significante de genes envolvidos com os processos de desenvolvimento, adesão e invasão celular. Desta maneira, estes resultados são fortemente sugestivos de que o gene PROX1 inibe a proliferação celular e contribui para a diferenciação do carcinoma epidermóide bucal.

Homeobox genes encode transcription factors with an important role during normal development by controlling cellular proliferation and differentiation. Altered expression of PROX1 homeobox gene is related to many cancers, including those of the breast, esophagus, liver, billiary system and lymphomas. The aim of this study was evaluate the effects of PROX1 overexpression, in an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line, on cellular proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis as well as gene expression prolfile. After overexpression of PROX1 gene in SCC9 cell line, proliferation was assessed by proliferation curve, flow citometry, BrdU incorporation to DNA and Ki67 expression. Cell differentiation was verified by immunocytochemistry to cytokeratins 1, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18 and 19 and apoptosis was measured by annexin V positive cells. Gene expression profile was analyzed by microarray in PROX1-overexpressing cells and control. PROX1-overexpressing cells showed a statistically significant decrease in proliferation as well cytokeratin 1, 13, 18 and 19 expression. No significant differences from controls and PROX1- overexpressing cells were observed in apoptosis. Microarray analyses showed differential expression of genes related to development, cellular adhesion an invasion. Our results strongly suggest that overexpression of PROX1 inhibit cell proliferation and contributes to differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Estudo comparativo da citotoxicidade de cimentos obturadores sobre culturas de células endoteliais da linhagem ECV 304 / Comparative study of cytotoxicity of sealers on cultured endothelial cells line ECV 304

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, in vitro, a citotoxicidade dos cimentos endodônticos Densell Endo®, Pulp-Fill®, Endofill®, Sealer 26®, Pulp Canal Sealer® e GuttaFlow® após 12, 24 e 72 horas de tempo de contato, utilizando-se uma linhagem de células endoteliais ECV-304. Para a avaliação da viabilidade celular, utilizou-se o teste de citotoxicidade MTT. Para cada cimento foram preparados 12 corpos de prova que foram distribuídos em seis grupos experimentais de acordo com as marcas comerciais, sendo quatro para cada tempo. Foi criado um grupo controle que não foi submetido à ação de cimento. Para avaliação do efeito dos cimentos sobre as células endoteliais, os corpos de prova foram inseridos nos poços da placa cultura, incubados a 37ºC em presença de 5% de CO2 e 100% de umidade. Os testes MTT foram realizados, em quadruplicata, após 12, 24 e 72 horas de contato das amostras com o tapete celular. Foi utilizada a prova Two-Way Anova com o teste Post Hoc de Bonferroni com nível de significância de 5%. Na análise de 12 horas, foi possível observar que o cimento GuttaFlow® apresentou média de absorbância de 0,055, seguido do Sealer 26® (média = 0,038). Os cimentos Pulp Canal Sealer® e Densell Endo® apresentaram a mesma média de absorbância (0,031). O Pulp Fill® e o Endofill® foram os cimentos que apresentaram maior citotoxicidade (média de absorbância = 0,024 e 0,021, respectivamente). O grupo controle apresentou média de absorbância de 0,158. Em 24 horas observou-se que os cimentos GuttaFlow® e Sealer 26® apresentaram as maiores médias de absorbância (0,041 e 0,037, respectivamente), seguidos pelo cimento Pulp Canal Sealer® que apresentou média de absorbância de 0,035. Já os cimentos Densell Endo® e Pulp Fill® apresentaram médias de absorbância de 0,033 e 0,032, respectivamente. O cimento Endofill® apresentou uma média de 0,026 e o grupo controle de 0,086. Quando analisados em 72 horas, o cimento Pulp Canal Sealer® obteve média de absorbância...

This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, cytotoxicity of root canal sealers Densell Endo®, Pulp-Fill®, Endofill®, Sealer 26®, Pulp Canal Sealer® and GuttaFlow® after 12, 24 and 72 hours of contact time, using a endothelial cell line ECV-304. For the assessment of cell viability, used the MTT cytotoxicity test. For any cement were prepared 12 specimens that were divided into six groups according to the trademarks, four for each time. Created a control group that was not subjected to action of cement. To assess the effects of cements on endothelial cells, the specimens were placed in culture plate wells, incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2 and 100% humidity. MTT tests were performed, in quadruplicate, after 12, 24 and 72 contact hours of the samples with monolayers. Was used to test Two-Way Anova with Bonferroni Post Hoc test with significance level of 5%. In the analysis of 12 hours, was observed that the cement GuttaFlow® had a mean absorbance of 0,055, followed by Sealer 26® (average = 0,038). Cements Pulp Canal Sealer® and Densell Endo® had the same mean absorbance (0,031). The Pulp Fill® and Enfofill® were the cements with higher cytotoxicity (mean absorbance = 0,024 and 0,021, respectively). The control group had a mean absorbance of 0,158. In 24 hours it was observed that the cements Sealer 26® and GuttaFlow® had the highest average absorbance (0,041 and 0,037, respectively), followed by cement Pulp Canal Sealer® that had a mean absorbance of 0.035. Already cements Densell Endo® and Pulp Fill® showed means absorbance of 0,033 and 0,032, respectively. Cement Endofill showed an average of 0,026 and the control group, 0,086. When analyzed at 72 hours, the cement Pulp Canal Sealer® had an average absorbance of 0,049, followed by cement GuttaFlow® and Pulp Fill®, both with 0,048. Cements Densell Endo®, Sealer 26® and Endofill® showed respectively, averaging 0,044, 0,040 and 0,036. The control group differed significantly...

A diferenciação celular mioepitelial neoplásica no adenoma pleomórfico e no miopitelioma de glândulas salivares: aspectos imunofenotípicos e subcelulares / Neoplastic myoepithelial cellular differentiation in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma and myoephitelioma: immunophenotypic and subcellular features

Os autores revisam os aspectos citológicos, imunofenotípicos e subcelulares da diferenciação mioepitelial neoplásica, in vivo e in vitro, no adenoma pleomórfico e no mioepitelioma de glândulas salivares

Efeitos da preparaçäo tridimensional de gel de colágeno I em linhagens celulares derivadas de adenoma pleomórfico, mioepitelioma e carcinoma adenóide cístico: estudo através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura / Effects of three-dimensional preparation of type I collagen on cell lines derived from pleomorphic adenoma, myoepithelioma and adenoid cystic carcinoma: study through scanning electron microscopy

Neoplasias de glândulas salivares originárias do ducto intercalado apresentam grande quantidade de matriz extracelular. Em trabalho anterior (Freitas et al., 1999), observamos que o colágeno I é fator de crescimento para células de uma dessas neoplasias, o carcinoma adenóide cístico. Agora avaliamos in vitro o papel do colágeno I na morfodiferenciaçäo do adenoma pleomórfico, do mioepitelioma e do carcinoma adenóide cístico. Para tanto utilizamos linhagens celulares derivadas dessas três neoplasias de glândula salivar (AP4, M1 e CAC2, respectivamente). As células foram crescidas durante 5 dias em preparaçäo tridimensional de colágeno I, numa situaçäo semelhante ao que ocorreria na neoplasia in vivo. Células controle cresceram sobre vidro. O efeito do colágeno I nas células AP4, M1 e CAC2 foi avaliado através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Observamos morfodiferenciaçäo em duas das três linhagens estudadas. A linhagem M1 apresentou células de formato poligonal ou arredondado, ao passo que as células CAC2 exibiram formaçäo de estruturas pseudocísticas. A linhagem AP4 apresentou células fusiformes e dendríticas semelhantes às células controle. Sugerimos que o colágeno I é um fator regulador dos fenótipos tanto do mioepitelioma, como do carcinoma adenóide cístico