Oral human cytomegalovirus prevalence and its relationships with periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective This study aimed to clarify the association between oral human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and periodontitis in Japanese adults. Methodology In total, 190 patients (75 men and 115 women; mean age, 70.2 years) who visited Hiroshima University Hospital between March 2018 and May 2020 were included. Oral rinse samples were taken to examine the presence of HCMV DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). P. gingivalis was detected by semi-quantitative PCR analysis. Results HCMV DNA was present in nine of 190 patients (4.7%). There were significant associations between HCMV presence and the presence of ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with bleeding on probing (BOP) (P<0.01) and ≥6-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (P=0.01). However, no significant relationship was observed between HCMV presence and periodontal epithelial surface area scores. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP was significantly associated with HCMV (odds ratio, 14.4; P=0.01). Propensity score matching was performed between patients presenting ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (i.e., active periodontitis) and patients without ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP; 62 matched pairs were generated. Patients who had ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP showed a higher rate of HCMV presence (9.7%) than those who lacked ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (0.0%). There was a significant relationship between HCMV presence and ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (P=0.03). A significant relationship was found between HCMV/P. gingivalis DNA presence and ≥4-mm-deep periodontal pockets with BOP (P=0.03). Conclusions Coinfection of oral HCMV and P. gingivalis was significantly associated with active periodontitis. Moreover, interactions between oral HCMV and P. gingivalis may be related to the severity of periodontal disease.

Manifestações orais da infecção simultânea pelo toxoplasma gondii e citomegalovírus: relato de caso / Oral manifestations of simultaneous infection with toxoplasma gondii and cytomegalovirus: a case report

Este trabalho objetiva apresentar o relato de um paciente, sexo masculino, leucoderma, com 59 anos de idade, que compareceu a Cínica de Estomatologia de Instituição Pública de Ensino Superior. O paciente tinha como queixa principal o aparecimento de úlceras na região de lábio superior e inferior, cavidade nasal e asa do nariz, associado a dor, queimação local e febre. Ao exame físico observou-se vesículas, áreas ulceradas com a presença de crostas sobre algumas lesões e linfoadenopatia submandibular bilateral...

This study reports a case of a 59-years-old caucasian male who seeked the Stomatology Clinic of a school of dentistry at a public university. The pacient's chief complaint was the emergence of ulcers in the upper lip and lower nasal cavity and nasal wings, associated with pain, localized burned skin and fever. On physical examination, vesicles, ulcerated areas with some scab lesions, and bilateral sub-mandibular lymphadenopathy were noted...

Identificação de herpes vírus humano (tipos 1-8) na cavidade oral de crianças infectadas pelo HIV / Identification of human herpes virus (types 1-8) in the oral cavity of children infected with HIV

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a presença de herpes vírus humano (Tipos 1-8) na cavidade oral de crianças infectadas pelo HIV (HIV+) e controle correlacionando com a presença de gengivite, imunossupressão (contagem de células CD4) e uso de anti-retrovirais. O grupo de estudo consistiu de quarenta e oito crianças infectadas pelo HIV, assim como no grupo controle, com idade variando de 6-12 anos. As amostras de saliva forma coletadas através da estimulação pela mastigação de um tablete de goma base (Parafilm®) e armazenada em tubos plásticos estéreis. Os fragmentos de DNA de HHV foram identificados e amplificados pelo protocolo nested-PCR. Dentre as crianças HIV+ a média de idade foi de 9.58 ± 1.88, dos quais 48,9% eram meninos. O DNA de HHV detectado em 39 indivíduos (81.3%). No grupo controle, a média de idade foi de 9.04 ± 1.36, dos quais 51.1% eram meninos, sendo o DNA de HHV detectado em 45 indivíduos (93.8%). Não foi identificada a presença de nenhum tipo viral em 9 pacientes do grupo HIV e 3 do grupo controle, enquanto que a presença de apenas um tipo viral, foi verificada em 14 amostras do grupo HIV + e 16 amostras do grupo controle. Já a presença de 2 ou mais tipos virais, foi detectada em 25 pacientes HIV+ e em 29 pacientes do grupo controle, não havendo assim, diferença estatisticamente significante entre a quantidade viral encontrada nos dois grupos (Teste Exato de Fisher; p>0.05). Em relação à gengivite, 69.2% dos pacientes do grupo HIV, apresentaram a inflamação, enquanto 30.8% dos pacientes não tinham gengivite (Teste Exato de Fisher; p=0.22). Também não houve relação entre a presença do vírus e a presença de gengivite (Teste Exato de Fisher; p>0.05). Nenhuma associação significativa pode ser observada em relação à imunossupressão e uso de HAART. Baseado nos resultados desse estudo foi possível detectar uma elevada quantidade de DNA dos vírus herpes tanto no grupo de pacientes infectados pelo HIV, como no grupo controle, não havendo, portanto, diferença estaticamente significante entre os grupos estudados e nem a relação da presença dos vírus com a infecção pelo HIV. (AU)

The aim of this study was to identify the presence of human herpes virus (types 1-8) in saliva of HIV-infected children (HIV +) and control correlated with the presence of gum disease, immunosuppression (CD4 counts) and use of antiretroviral . The study group consisted of forty-eight HIV-infected children, as well as in the control group, aged 6-12 years. The saliva samples had been collected by chewing through the stimulation of one tablet of gum base (Parafilm ®) and stored in sterile plastic tubes. The DNA fragments were identified and HHV amplified by nested-PCR protocol. Among HIV + children the mean age was 9:58 ± 1.88, of which 48.9% were boys. The DNA of HHV detected in 39 patients (81.3%). In the control group, the mean age was 04.09 ± 1.36, of which 51.1% were boys and the DNA of HHV detected in 45 individuals (93.8%).Was not identified by the presence of any virus in nine patients in the HIV group and 3 in the control group, while the presence of only one viral type, was found in 14 samples of the HIV + and 16 samples from the control group. The presence of two or more viral types was detected in 25 HIV + patients and 29 control patients, so there were no statistically significant difference between the amount virus found in both groups (Fisher's exact test, p> 0.05). In relation to gingivitis, 69.2% of patients in the HIV group showed inflammation, while 30.8% of patients had no gingivitis (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.22). There was also no relationship between the presence of the virus and the presence of gingivitis (Fisher's exact test, p> 0.05). No significant association could be observed in immunosuppression and HAART. Based on the results of this study could detect a high amount of DNA of herpes viruses both in patients infected with HIV, as in the control group, there is therefore no statistically significant difference between groups, nor the relationship between the presence of viruses with HIV infection. (AU)

Viruses: mechanisms of immune evasion and involvement in periodontal diseases: a review article

Periodontite é uma doença multifatorial com diversos padrões clínicos não precisamente explicados pelo papel etiológico de bactérias. Herpesvírus têm sido encontrados em locais afetados por periodontite, pela PCR. Sabe-se que os herpesvírus afetam a regulação imune; assim, variações nas respostas inflamatória e imune atribuídas a eles podem reduzir a resistência do hospedeiro contra colonização subgengival e multiplicação de patógenos periodontais. Mais investigações experimentais para avaliar a real relação dos efeitos observados em estudos descritivos podem trazer provas causativas e conclusivas dos efeitos específicos dos herpesvírus nas doenças periodontais.

Periodontitis is a multilayered factors disease with diverse clinical features not precisely explained by the etiologic role of bacteria. Herpesviruses have been found in periodontally affected sites by PCR. Herpesviruses are known to exertimmune regulation and thus, variations on inflammatory and immune responses attributed to them may reduce host resistance against subgingival colonization and multiplication of periodontal pathogens. More trials to evaluate whether the effects seen in observational studies are truly related to herpes viruses could bring a causative and conclusive proof for their specific effect in periodontal disease.