Analysis of the Total Level of Flavonoids in the Brown Algae ( Phaeophyceae ) Extract as Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Abstract Objective: To determine the total level of flavonoids in brown algae extract Padina sp., Sargassum sp., and Turbinaria sp., which could serve as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. Material and Methods: This is an experimental study with a one-shot case study research design. The study sample consisted of three species of brown algae, namely, Padina sp., Sargassum sp., and Turbinaria sp. The study samples were obtained from Saugi Island, Pangkep, Regency. The sampling method used was convenience sampling. The total flavonoid level in the three extracts of brown algae samples was determined at three concentrations (150 ppm, 300 ppm, and 450 ppm) with three replicates. The analysis used a colorimetric method, a spectrophotometer and aluminium chloride as the reagent. Results: The total level of flavonoids in Padina sp. was the highest at 0.894 ± 0.027%, compared to the levels of 0.786 ± 0.075% in Sargassum sp. and 0.745 ± 0.016% in Turbinaria sp. Conclusion: Padina sp. had the highest total flavonoid levels compared to Sargassum sp. and Turbinaria sp. Flavonoid compounds from brown algae have the potential to be used as analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Biocompatibility analysis of a novel reabsorbable alloplastic membrane composed of alginate-Capsul / Análise da biocompatibilidade de uma membrana aloplástica reabsorvível composta de alginato-capsul

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the biological response after implantation of a novel alginate-capsule membrane. Methods The material was implanted into subcutaneous tissue of mice (n=15) and after 1, 3 and 9 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and biopsies analyzed with light microscopy, using the stains hematoxylin-eosin, picrosirius and alcian blue pH 2.5. The parameters evaluated were: intensity and kind of inflammatory infiltrate, presence of connective tissue, foreign body reaction, vascularization and biodegradation. Results 1 week after implantation, the following was observed: mixed inflammatory infiltrate, absence of necrosis and beginnings of membrane fragmentation; after 3 weeks, discrete presence of multinuclear giant cells and beginnings of neovascularization; and after 9 weeks there was minor biodegradation associated with the presence of new connective tissue, and persistence of moderate inflammatory reaction observed from beginning to end of the experiment. Conclusion Considering the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the novel alginate-capsule membrane is partially reabsorbable but with low biocompatibility, requiring more tests to validate its clinical use.

Objetivo Avaliar in vivo a resposta tecidual após a implantação de uma nova membrana de alginato-capsul. Métodos O material foi implantado no tecido subcutâneo de camundongos (n=15) e após 1, 3 e 9 semanas, os animais foram mortos e as biópsias analisadas à microscopia de luz, através de coloração com hematoxilina-eosina, picrosirius e azul de alcian pH 2,5. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: intensidade e tipo de infiltrado inflamatório, presença de tecido conjuntivo, reação de corpo estranho, vascularização e biodegradação. Resultados Após 1 semana da implantação, notou-se infiltrado inflamatório misto, ausência de necrose e início de fragmentação da membrana, em 3 semanas, observou-se presença discreta de células gigantes multinucleadas e início de neovascularização, e em 9 semanas houve pequena biodegradação associada com a presença de novo tecido conjuntivo e persistência de reação inflamatória moderada observada desde o início do experimento. Conclusão Considerando os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que a nova membrana de alginato-capsul é parcialmente reabsorvível, mas com baixa biocompatibilidade, necessitando de mais testes para validar seu uso clínico.