RESUMO
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) among immigrants and refugees in Goiás, Central Brazil. METHODS Overall, 355 individuals were interviewed, and blood samples were tested for anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG. Anti-HEV-positive samples were similarly tested for HEV RNA. RESULTS All participants were from Latin American countries, most of whom, young adult males. The overall anti-HAV IgG prevalence was 87.4% (95%CI: 83.5-90.4), of whom 94.9%, 75.6%, and 60% were from Haiti, Venezuela, and other Latin American countries, respectively (p < 0.001). Age above 19 years and more than 36 months residing in Brazil were associated with a higher prevalence of previous HAV and HEV infection, respectively. Of the children eligible for HAV vaccination according to the National Immunization Program, only eight (44%) had been vaccinated. The overall anti-HEV IgG prevalence was 6.5% (95%CI: 4.4-9.5). All anti-HEV IgG-positive individuals were Haitians, including a child born in Brazil. HEV RNA was detected in two of the anti-HEV IgG-positive samples. CONCLUSION The survey detected a high prevalence of anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG among immigrants and refugees, and active HEV infection among some Haitian participants. Prevention measures are urgently required to interrupt enteric virus transmission in this emergent and vulnerable population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Refugiados , Vírus da Hepatite E/genética , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Vírus da Hepatite A/genética , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G , RNA , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite A , HaitiRESUMO
Este estudo objetivou identificar os cuidados que os cirurgiões-dentistas (CDs) têm adotado para se prevenir contra as hepatites B e C, abordando principalmente as questões da imunização, e das medidas adotadas para minimizar o risco de exposições ocupacionais a material biológico potencialmente contaminado, incluindo o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI). Foi conduzido um inquérito com 319 CDs residentes na cidade do Recife, PE, por meio de questionário auto-aplicável. Após a coleta de dados, a análise foi obtida através de técnicas de estatística descritiva. A adesão dos CDs aos EPI mostrou-se alta, porém variou conforme o equipamento. Do total de pesquisados, 30,2% relataram nunca reencapar agulhas com as duas mãos e 98,4% relataram ter recebido a vacina contra hepatite B, dos quais 79,3% tomaram as três doses. Em relação a traumas pérfuro-cortantes, estes foram relatados por 71,5% dos CDs. Demonstrou-se que os EPIs são bastante utilizados entre os CDs. Apesar de a cobertura vacinal detectada ilustrar um crescimento em relação a estudos anteriores, ainda são necessários esforços educativos no sentido de expandi-la ainda mais.
This study aimed to identify the preventive care the dentists have carried out against hepatitis B and C, broaching specially the topics of immunization and measures taken to minimize the risk of occupational exposition to potentially contaminated biological material, including the use of individual protection equipment (IPE). An inquiry was conducted with 319 dentists living at Recife-PE, Brazil, using a self-administered questionnaire. After the data collection, the analysis was obtained through techniques of descriptive statistics. The adhesion to the use of IPE was high, and varied according to the equipment. Among the participants, 30,2% reported never having recapped needles with both hands and 98,4% said they received the vaccine against hepatitis B, although 79,3% received the three doses. Regarding to perforating-cutting trauma, they were reported by 71,5% of the dentists. It was demonstrated that, the IPE are very often used by the dentists. Although the vaccinal cover detected illustrates an increase in comparison to previous studies, educational efforts remain necessary to spread it even more.
