Diet and supplement assessment in a Brazilian urban population

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To assess total usual nutrient intakes from foods and dietary supplements by age, sex, physical activity, and nutritional status, and to compare usual nutrient intakes to the Dietary Reference Intakes among non-users and users of dietary supplements in an urban population. METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based survey with 506 adults conducted in the city of Brasília, Brazil, using 24h food recalls. The 24-HR was collected on two nonconsecutive days, for which individuals reported all food, supplements, and beverages consumed in the previous 24 hours. The estimates of mean and the distribution percentiles were adjusted to reflect usual nutrient intake using the Iowa State University method. The prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake was estimated according to sex using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), and values above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) were also considered. Also, a comparison was made of the total mean usual intake between supplement users and non-users according to BMI and physical activity. RESULTS: The total mean usual dietary intake was significantly higher among users than non-users of dietary supplements (p ≤ 0.02). Dietary supplement use increased intakes of nutrients and decreased prevalence of inadequacy according to sex, with only small (typically < 13%) increases in the population exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Level. There was a significant interaction between physical activity and BMI categories with supplement use. CONCLUSIONS: The population that consumes food supplements comprises individuals with more advanced age, female, normal BMI, and physically active. Our findings show that the use of supplements appears beneficial to attain nutrient adequacy. Careful monitoring of intake from food and supplements is recommended, and the statistical methods must be powerful enough to achieve relevant information.

Impact of Untreated Dental Caries on Daily Performances of Children From Low Social Class in an Urban African Population: The Importance of Pain

Objective: To determine the impact of untreated dental caries on the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children from low social class in an urban Nigerian population. Material and Methods: The study was conducted among 6 to 15-year-old pupils from low social class in randomly selected primary schools in Ibadan. An interviewer-administered Child Oral Impact on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) questionnaire was used to obtain required information. Oral examination was conducted by calibrated examiners. Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS and test of association done with Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests. Results: A total of 1286 pupils participated in the study and 130 (10.1%) had untreated dental caries, out of which 26 (20.0%) had pain from carious tooth. The C-OIDP of children with dental caries was similar to that of children without caries [median 0.0 vs. median 0.0; r = -0.025; p=0.368]. The median COIDP (3.0) of those with untreated dental caries and pain was higher than that of participants with painless caries [0.0; r=-0.768; p<0.001]. There were significant impacts on all eight domains of the OHRQoL of those with untreated dental caries and pain (71.4 ­ 100.0%) when compared to those with painless caries (0.0 ­ 28.6%; p<0.05). Conclusion: Untreated dental caries significantly impacts on OHRQoL of pupils from low social class only when associated with pain.

Relationship Between Health Service Access to Dental Conditions in Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia

Objective: To determine relationship between access to dental health services with dental health conditions of adult communities in urban areas represented by Somba Opu and rural districts represented by Patalassang subdistrict in Gowa subdistrict. Material and Methods: This was pilot pathfinder survey, conducted in Gowa District in April 2018 with 420 subjects. Data were collected using a CoHRE questionnaire. Information regarding gender, age and location (rural and urban), transportation (public and private), toothache in past one year, dental treatment in past one year, dental treatment frequency (regular and irregular), smoking, alcohol consumption, routine activity, drugs intake, oral problems, driving car, distance to health facility (near and far) were collected. The number of teeth was dichotomized to less than 20 and 20 or more. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and the level of significance was set at 5%. Results: In the urban area there was an association between routine activities with dental health conditions (p=0.002). There is no significant association between distance or access to health care facility with dental condition in adult society in urban area (p>0.05). In rural area there is a significant association between distance or access to health care facility with dental condition (p=0.046). Conclusion: There is an association between access to dental health services with dental health conditions of adult communities in urban areas represented by Somba Opu and rural disparities represented by Patalassang subdistrict in Gowa district.

Gender and Age Differences in Patient Satisfaction with Dental Care in the Urban and Rural Areas of Indonesia: Pilot Pathfinder Survey

Objective: To know the difference of patient satisfaction to dental service based on gender and age in urban and rural area of Gowa regency of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Material and Methods: This study used pilot pathfinder survey design, conducted in Gowa regency in April 2018. The sample consisted of 420 participants. Data were collected using a satisfaction III questionnaire that has been designed in accordance with a survey of fifty-one questions. Questionnaires are divided into seven subscales: General Satisfaction, Technical Quality, Interpersonal Aspect, Communication, Financial Aspect, Time Spent with Doctors, Access / Availability / Convenience. The level of satisfaction was analyzed using t independent test. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: In dental and oral health services in urban areas there was a significant difference of satisfaction level between males and females group >35 years and in rural area there was difference of satisfaction level significant between mals and females based on communication aspect in age group ≤35 years and there is no significant difference of satisfaction level between urban and rural area. Conclusion: There is difference of satisfaction level between males and females based on technical and communication quality aspect and there is no difference of level of satisfaction between urban and rural area.

Impacto da condição de saúde bucal na qualidade de vida e na satisfação pessoal de escolares de área urbana e rural do município de Nova Friburgo / Impact of oral health condition on quality of life and personal satisfaction of urban and rural students from the municipality of Nova Friburgo

A quantidade e a gravidade de lesões cariosas não tratadas em crianças e adolescentes pode gerar grande impacto naqualidade de vida e na satisfação pessoal das mesmas, frente à possibilidade de dor e infecção. O índice pufa/PUFA surgiu como complemento ao ceo/CPO para registrar as consequências dessas lesões não tratadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da condição de saúde bucal na qualidade de vida e na satisfação pessoal, entre escolares de áreas urbana e rural, no município de Nova Friburgo, RJ - Brasil. A amostra foi composta por escolares entre 11 e 14 anos, matriculados nas escolas participantes do PSE (Programa Saúde na Escola) desse município, contemplando um total de 6 escolas, 4 em área urbana, e 2 em área rural. Inicialmente foram enviados aos responsáveis, via escola, o termo de consentimento e 2 questionários socioeconômicos. A partir disso, a primeira fase correspondeu a um levantamento epidemiológico da condição de saúde bucal dos escolares, através de índices de cárie dentária: CPOD e PUFA, e índice de necessidade de tratamento odontológico (INTO), após assinatura do termo de assentimento (adolescentes). A segunda fase contemplou avaliação da qualidade de vida pelo questionário CPQ11-14,, bem como a avaliação da satisfação pessoal, através da Escala Subjetiva de Felicidade (ESF), sob a forma de entrevista, diretamente ao escolar. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao comparar qualidade de vida com condição de saúde bucal em ambas as áreas (urbana=p<0,110; rural=p<0,113), mas com tendência de piora na qualidade de vida à medida que teve agravo na condição de saúde bucal, em ambas as áreas. Já satisfação pessoal entre as áreas urbana e rural, a diferença não foi significativa bem como não houve relação da satisfação pessoal com o agravo da condição bucal (urbana=p<0,151; rural=p<0,070). Comparando qualidade de vida e satisfação pessoal entre as áreas, observou-se uma melhor qualidade de vida para os escolares de área rural (p<0,010). Em relação à satisfação pessoal, os escolares de área urbana tiveram um maior grau de felicidade, quando comparados aos escolares de área rural (p<0,001). Com relação ao INTO os códigos foram agrupados, formando-se 2 grupos: SNT (sem necessidade de tratamento) e CNT (com necessidade de tratamento). Em relação à qualidade de vida, os escolares pertencentes ao grupo que não necessita de tratamento tiveram uma qualidade de vida melhor do que os pertencentes ao grupo com necessidade de tratamento (p<0,001). Por outro lado, em relação à satisfação pessoal não houve diferença estatística significativa entre escolares que necessitam ou não de tratamento (p<0,404). De acordo com os resultados da presente pesquisa, o agravo da condição de saúde bucal tendeu a gerar um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida, ao passo que não apresentou relação com a satisfação pessoal, independente da área demográfica (urbana ou rural) dos escolares do município de Nova Friburgo. (AU)

The quantity and severity of untreated carious lesions in children and adolescents can have a significant impact on their quality of life and personal satisfaction, in face of the possibility of pain and infection. The pufa/PUFA index appeared as a complement to dmf/DMF index to record the consequences of these untreated lesions. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of oral health status on quality of life and personal satisfaction among schoolchildren from urban and rural areas, in Nova Friburgo city, RJ - Brazil. The sample consisted of schoolchildren between 11 and 14 years, enrolled in the schools participating in the PSE (Health in School Program) of this city, comprising a total of 6 schools, 4 in urban areas and 2 in rural areas. Initially, the consent form and 2 socioeconomic questionnaires were sent to the parents through the school. From this, the first phase corresponded to an epidemiological survey of the schoolchildren´s oral health status, through dental caries indexes: DMFT and PUFA, and Dental Treatment Needs Index (DTNI), after signature of the consent term (schoolchildren). The second phase included the evaluation of quality of life through questionnaire CPQ11-14, as well as the evaluation of personal satisfaction, through the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), in the an interview form, directly to the student. Statistically significant differences were not observed when comparing quality of life with oral health status in both areas (urban=p <0.110; rural=p <0.113), but with a tendency to worsen the quality of life as it had an aggravation in the condition oral health in both areas. As for personal satisfaction between urban and rural areas, the difference was not significant and there was no relation of personal satisfaction with the aggravation of the oral condition (urban=p <0.151, rural=p <0.070). Comparing quality of life and personal satisfaction between the areas, a better quality of life was observed for rural school children (p<0.010). Regarding personal satisfaction, urban schoolchildren had a higher degree of happiness when compared to rural schoolchildren (p<0.001). In relation to the DTNI, the codes were grouped, forming 2 groups: WNT (no need for treatment) and NT (need for treatment). Regarding quality of life, schoolchildren belonging to the group that did not require treatment presented better quality of life than those belonging to the group that needed treatment (p <0.001). On the other hand, regarding personal satisfaction, there was no statistically significant difference between schoolchildren who needed treatment and did not require treatment (p <0.404). According to the results of the present study, the oral health condition tended to have a negative impact on the quality of life, while it did not have a relation with the personal satisfaction, independent of the demographic area (urban or rural) of the school children from Nova Friburgo city. (AU)

Saúde e doença: um estudo de representaçäo social / Health and disease: a study of social representation

O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo das representaçöes sociais de saúde e doença dos habitantes da favela Barragem de Santa Lúcia, Belo Horizonte - MG: como a populaçäo encara os problemas de saúde e doença e de que maneira ela os resolve com os recursos pessoais e institucionais