Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en académicos universitarios de una institución pública de Oaxaca / Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in university academics of a public institution in Oaxaca

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en académicos universitarios de una institución pública del estado de Oaxaca. Metodología: El diseño de estudio fue descriptivo de alcance transversal, con una muestra de 87 académicos seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Resultados: La muestra final se integró por 68 académicos, 57.4% del sexo masculino y 42.6% femenino, con una edad promedio de 36.15 años (DE = 8.19). Con respecto a los antecedentes familiares como factores de riesgo, se encontró una prevalencia para diabetes mellitus de 58.8%, hipertensión arterial 57.4%, hipercolesterolemia 41.2% y cáncer 32.4%. En relación a los factores de riesgo cardiovascular personales, se evidenció una prevalencia para sobrepeso de 42.6%, obesidad 17.6%, hipercolesterolemia 35.3%, tabaquismo 11.7% y diabetes mellitus 8.8%. Discusión: El sobrepeso, obesidad e hipercolesterolemia representaron los factores de riesgo de mayor prevalencia; hallazgos que coinciden con los reportados en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006 y 2012, como también por los estudios realizados en los estados de Guanajuato, Michoacán y Chiapas. Conclusión: La investigación reveló que el sobrepeso, obesidad e hipercolesterolemia son los factores de mayor prevalencia; por ello se hace imprescindible la consumación de estrategias preventivas orientadas a la adopción de estilos de vida saludable, ya que gran parte de los factores presentes en el estudio son derivados de éstos.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in university academics from a public institution in the state of Oaxaca. Methodology: The study design was descriptive cross range, with a sample of 76 scholars selected by stratified random sampling. Results: The final sample was composed of 68 academics, 57.4% male and 42.6% female, with an average age of 36.15 years (SD = 8.19). Regarding family history as risk factors for diabetes mellitus prevalence was 58.8%, 57.4% hypertension, hypercholesterolemia 41.2% and 32.4% cancer was found. In relation to personal cardiovascular risk factors, a prevalence of 42.6% for overweight, obesity 17.6%, 35.3% hypercholesterolemia, smoking 11.7% and diabetes mellitus 8.8% was evident. Discussion: Overweight, obesity and high cholesterol risk factors accounted for most prevalent; findings are consistent with those reported in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 and 2012, as well as by studies in the states of Guanajuato, Michoacan and Chiapas. Conclusion: The investigation revealed that overweight, obesity and high cholesterol are the most prevalent factors; therefore it is essential to the completion of bearings to the adoption of healthy lifestyle preventive strategies, as much of the factors present in the study are derived from these.

Atuação dos enfermeiros na emergência pré-hospitalar em situações de paragem cárdio-respiratória / Acting by nurses in pre-hospital emergency situations in cardiac-respiratory arrest

A área de intervenção de Enfermagem em doentes críticos é uma área que tem vindo a obter um grande desenvolvimento nos últimos anos, fruto de uma evolução crescente ao nível dos conhecimentos científicos, médicos e tecnológicos que temos ao nosso dispor. Desenvolveu-se um estudo correlacional, explicativo e comparativo tendo como objetivos identificar a taxa de sucesso da recuperação de Circulação Espontânea nas vítimas de Paragem Cárdio Respiratória socorridas pelas equipas de Atendimento Pré Hospitalar, em função da intervenção autónoma protocolada de Enfermagem ou da prescrição médica in loco. Pretendeu-se, também, analisar a influência das variáveis atributo das vítimas de Paragem Cárdio Respiratória na taxa de sucesso da Recuperação de Circulação Espontânea. Pretendeu-se, ainda, analisar a influência das variáveis Paragem Cárdio Respiratória presenciada/não presenciada, tempo de chegada ao local e Suporte Básico de Vida presente/ausente à chegada ao local na taxa de sucesso da Recuperação de Circulação Espontânea. Os resultados apresentam uma diferença positiva estatisticamente significativa na taxa de Recuperação de Circulação Espontânea das vítimas socorridas pelas equipas de Suporte Imediato de Vida (10,1%), comparativamente com as vítimas socorridas pelas equipas das Viaturas Médicas de Emergência e Reanimação (6,2%). Para a amostra em estudo, existem fatores que condicionam o aumento da taxa de sucesso na Recuperação de Circulação Espontânea nas vítimas de Paragem Cárdio Respiratória, nomeadamente o início precoce de Suporte Básico de Vida antes da chegada das equipas de Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar e também o facto da Paragem Cárdio Respiratória ser presenciada pelas equipas de socorro . Estes resultados ajudam/contribuem para uma melhor compreensão dos fatores que condicionam a Recuperação e Circulação Espontânea das vítimas de Paragem Cárdio Respiratória, bem como preencher uma lacuna da falta de estudos nesta área de intervenção.

The intervention of nursing in critical patients has been getting a great development in recent years in result of a growing trend in scientific, medical and technological knowledge at our disposal. Recently a correlational, explanatory and comparative study has been developed with the purpose of identifying the success rate of recovery on Spontaneous Circulation in Cardio Respiratory Arrest victims rescued by teams of Pre hospital Care depending on the autonomous intervention of nursing or medical prescription on the spot. Also, analyze the influence of victims inconstancy of Cardio Respiratory arrest on success rate of recovery of Spontaneous Circulation. At last, analyze the influence of variables Cardio Respiratory arrest attended / not attended, time of response and basic life support present / absent at the location on success rate of recovery of Spontaneous Circulation. The results show a statistic significant positive difference in the recovery rate of Spontaneous Circulation of victims rescued by Immediate Life Support teams (10.1%) compared with victims rescued by Emergency Medical Vehicles and resuscitation teams (6.2%). In this study sample, there are some factors that affect the rate of success in the recovery of Spontaneous Circulation in Cardio respiratory arrest victims, particularly the early helper of basic life support before the arrival of the Pre-hospital Care teams and also the fact of Cardio Respiratory arrest being attended by emergency teams. These results help/contribute to a better understanding of the factors that influence the Spontaneous recovery and Circulation of Cardio Respiratory Stop, as well, fill the gap of study a non-study area of intervention.

Proceso de atención de enfermería a un escolar con disminución del oxígeno en sangre por malformación cardíaca aplicando el modelo de Henderson / Nursing process to a school child with decreased blood oxygen by heart malformation using the Henderson model", "_i": "

En la actualidad, el cuidado de enfermería en su práctica diaria se basa en una metodología que le permite desarrollar intervenciones eficientes y de calidad, las cuales se fortalecen con la evidencia generada a través de la realización de estudios de caso. El estudio de caso es un método de investigación cualitativa que involucra el proceso de atención enfermería y las teorías de enfermería. Este artículo expone un estudio de un caso bajo el modelo de Virginia Henderson a un escolar con Tetralogía de Fallot con el objetivo de individualizar los cuidados para lograr la independencia de la persona. Se realizó durante la etapa pre, trans y postquirúrgica de la persona. Una vez obtenidos los datos de las valoraciones, se analizaron y jerarquizaron las necesidades y se aplicó la escala propuesta por Margot Phaneuf, se elaboraron diagnósticos de enfermería y planes de cuidados correspondientes a las principales alteraciones detectadas, para los cuales se buscó la evidencia científica que respaldara algunas de las intervenciones, con la finalidad de brindar mayor sustento a las mismas. Los resultados se enfocaron hacia la recuperación del niño mejorando su calidad de vida y la de su cuidador primario.

At the present time nursing care in their practice is based on a methodology that lets you develop effective interventions and quality which are strengthened on evidence generated through the case studies. The case study is a qualitative research method that involves Nursing Attention Process and nursing theories. This paper describes a case study using Virginia Henderson’s model: A school child with tetralogy of Fallot. The main objective is to individualize cares to achieve personal independence from the primary caretaker. The study was carried out throughout the preoperative, during surgery, and postoperative stages of the person. After obtaining the valuations data were analyzed and nested the needs and applied the scale proposed by Margot Phaneuf. Are developed nursing diagnoses and care plans corresponding to the main alterations detected, for which it research in the scientific evidence to support some interventions, with the purpose of provide greater sustenance to them. The results focus to the child’s recovery by improving their quality of life and his primary caregiver.

Proceso enfermero en lactante mayor con pentalogía de Cantrell con el enfoque de Virginia Henderson / Nursing process in the older infant with pentalogy of Cantrell with the approach of Virginia Henderson", "_i": "

Introducción: La pentalogía de Cantrell es un síndrome caracterizado por disrupción del esternón bajo, defectos cardíacos, diafragmáticos y abdominales, además de onfalocele y ectopia cordis parcial o total. El índice de mortalidad es alto y ocurre en los primeros meses; su principal complicación es la sepsis. Objetivo: Desarrollar un proceso enfermero aplicado a un lactante mayor con pentalogía de Cantrell con el enfoque de Virginia Henderson. Metodología: Estudio de caso clínico en un lactante mayor masculino. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal durante dos meses, basado en el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, con el enfoque conceptual de Virginia Henderson. Se abordaron las 14 necesidades humanas con un instrumento de valoración validado y se establecieron los diagnósticos de enfermería; las intervenciones están basadas en evidencia científica; se incluyó una evaluación integral y un plan de alta. Resultados: Necesidades más alteradas: oxigenación, seguridad, movilidad y postura. Se encontraron cuatro diagnósticos reales, seis de riesgo y dos de bienestar; se generaron 63 intervenciones con niveles de recomendación científica desde la A hasta IV C. Se evitaron complicaciones al otorgar atención de calidad. Conclusión: El proceso enfermero es fundamental para otorgar cuidados de calidad, aunque no permitió disminuir la dependencia del lactante o la suplencia total de enfermería, no hubo complicaciones y se orientó al familiar. La literatura no reporta cuidados específicos para esta población dada su baja incidencia y alta mortalidad.

Introduction: Cantrell’s pentalogy is a syndrome characterized by defects in the lower part of the sternum, heart, diaphragmatic and abdominal defects. In addition, omphalocele and partial or complete ectopia cordis. The mortality rate is high and takes place in the first months of life; its main complication is septicemia. Objective: To develop a nursing procedure applied to infant higher with Cantrell’s pentalogy with the focus of Virginia Henderson. Methodology: Study of a clinical case of an elder infant. It was a descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study carried out during two months, based on the process of care, nursing, with the conceptual approach of Virginia Henderson. Fourteen human needs with validated assessment tool to establishes nursing diagnosis; the interventions were based on scientific evidence including comprehensive assessment and discharge plan. Results: The most altered aspects were: oxygenation, safety, mobility and posture. We found four real diagnostics, six at risk and two without risk; generated sixty-three interventions with degrees of scientific recommendation from A to IV C. complications were avoided by implementing quality care. Conclusion: The nursing process is fundamental to implementing quality care, even if it was not allowed to reduce the dependence of the infant to a total substitution nursing. There were no complications and the family was oriented. The literature does not report specific care for this population due to its low incidence and mortality.

Estudio de caso con el enfoque de Virginia Henderson a una persona con afección valvular aórtica / Case study with a Virginia Henderson approach of a person with aortic valvular disease", "_i": "

El presente estudio de caso se realizó en una persona con afección de la válvula aórtica y sustitución de la misma por prótesis biológica, con el objetivo de proporcionarle cuidados de enfermería utilizando el proceso de atención de enfermería basado en los conceptos teóricos de Virginia Henderson. La metodología se desarrolló en un lapso de cinco meses en el Servicio de Cardiología Adultos B y la Terapia Intensiva Postquirúrgica del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez; una vez egresada la persona se continuó el estudio de caso a través de comunicación vía telefónica. Para su desarrollo se observaron y analizaron las necesidades de la persona, se diseñaron diagnósticos de enfermería con base en la taxonomía de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (por sus siglas en inglés NANDA); se planearon y evaluaron las estrategias para favorecer la recuperación. Como resultado, se logró que la persona y su cuidador primario alcanzaran su independencia.

This case study was performed on a person with a disease involving the aortic valve, replaced by a biological prosthesis, with the goal of providing nursing care using the nursing process based on the theoretical concepts of Virginia Henderson. The methodology was developed in a span of five months, in adult cardiology service B and Postsurgical Intensive Care at the National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, once the person leave the hospital, case study continued through telephone communication. For its development the needs of the individual were observed and analyzed and nursing diagnoses were designed based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association taxonomy; strategies to promote recovery were planned and evaluated. As a result, the patient and his primary caregiver reached their independence.

Soporte ventricular mecánico en el paciente pediátrico / Mechanical ventricular support in the pediatric patient", "_i": "

Para los pacientes pediátricos que presentan insuficiencia cardíaca aguda o crónica, ya sea por la evolución de la enfermedad o porque han sido sometidos a cirugía correctiva o paliativa, los dispositivos de soporte o asistencia ventricular son utilizados como opción de tratamiento cuando existe resistencia al manejo farmacológico; el advenimiento de estos dispositivos permiten al paciente la recuperación postquirúrgica o mantenerse con vida cuando el trasplante cardíaco es la única opción en los casos que no se tiene donante en puerta. Estos dispositivos pueden disminuir la mortalidad considerablemente; sin embargo, su uso es limitado debido a la anatomía y fisiología de los niños. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo dar a conocer los dispositivos de soporte ventricular disponibles más utilizados para pacientes pediátricos y los que se encuentran en fase de desarrollo.

For pediatric patients with heart disease who have acute or chronic heart failure either by the evolution of the disease or who have undergone corrective or palliative surgery, devices or VAD support are best used as a treatment option when there is resistance to pharmacological management, the advent of these devices allow patients to postoperative recovery or stay alive when heart transplantation is the only option and you do not have a donor available. These devices can reduce mortality considerably, however their use is limited because of the anatomy and physiology of pediatric patients. This review aims to raise awareness of available ventricular support devices commonly used for pediatric patients and those who are under development.

Estilo de vida de una comunidad rural del municipio de Tarqui (Huila) y su relación con la salud cardiovascular / Lifestyle of a rural community in the municipality of Tarqui (Huila) and its relationship with cardiovascular health

Objetivo: Describir el estilo de vida y su relación con la salud cardiovascular de la población entre 20 y 60 años, de las veredas: Potrerillo, La Esperanza y el Tablón, del corregimiento de Maito, municipio de Tarqui (Huila). Diseño: estudio descriptivo, censal de corte transversal con abordaje cuantitativo; incluyo 70 personas del área rural; se les aplico el instrumento FANTASTICO, para conocer el estilo de vida y se relacionó con indicadores antropométricos y pruebas bioquímicas para conocer la salud cardiovascular. Resultados: Respecto al estilo de vida los participantes se ubicaron en cuatro categorías: buen estilo de vida el 70%, en regular estilo de vida el 21.4%, excelente estilo de vida 5.7%. y estilo de vida malo 2.9%. Se encontró mayor dislipidemia en los hombres, respecto a las mujeres, con un 57.10%; el género femenino es más propenso a sufrir de obesidad, con un 45.57%; el 41.43% de las mujeres tienen presión arterial optima y el 1.43% de los hombres padece hipertensión grado I. Conclusiones: El instrumento FANTASTICO, se constituye en un instrumento que sirve de punto de partida para medir el estilo de vida de grupos poblacionales para el caso uno rural, con el objetivo de elaborar propuestas a nivel local de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular.

Objective: this study aims to describe lifestyle and its relationship with cardiovascular health of the population between the ages of 20 and 60 years old, living in the following villages: Potrerillo, La Esperanza and el Tablón, within the small town of Maito, Tarqui city (Huila). Design: the current study is a descriptive censual one, of cross section type within the quantitative approach; it includes 70 people from a rural area; to which the FANTASTICO instrument was applied, in order to know their lifestyle. This last one was then processed using anthropometrical indicators and biochemical proves to get to know their cardiovascular health. Results: we found a 70% good lifestyle followed by a regular one with 21.4% and an excellent one 5.7%. We found more dyslipidemia in men, and as for women, a 57.10%; females are more likely to suffer from this obesity, with a 45.57%; the 41.43% of women have an optimal arterial pressure and the 1.43% of men suffer from hypertension in I grade. Conclusions: the FANTASTICO instrument is a departure point to measure rural population's lifestyle, since it poorly evaluates population's cardiovascular health. Key words: .lifestyle, rural population, cardiovascular health.

Avaliação do risco cardiovascular de pacientes renais crônicos segundo critérios de Framingham / Assessment of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease according to Framingham's criteria

OBJETIVO: Identificar o perfil do paciente com doença renal crônica em um serviço de hemodiálise, e a probabilidade do risco de futuros eventos cardiovascular no período de dez anos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra de 242 pacientes com doença renal crônica. A avaliação do risco cardiovascular foi através do Escore de Risco de Framingham. RESULTADOS: Os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares mais prevalentes foram: hipertensão arterial (90,49%), sedentarismo (80,16%), tabagismo (51,23%). O risco cardiovascular em relação às variáveis gênero e renda familiar apresentou diferença estatística (p<0,05). Apenas 0,8% dos pacientes apresentaram alto risco de doença cardiovascular, 28,8% médio risco e 70,2% baixo risco cardiovascular. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados apontaram para baixo risco cardiovascular nos pacientes renais crônicos.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the profile of patients with chronic kidney disease attending a hemodialysis service and estimate the risk of future cardiovascular events over a period of ten years. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 242 patients with chronic kidney disease. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using the Framingham Risk Score. RESULTS: The most prevalent risk factors for cardiovascular disease were: hypertension (90.49%), sedentariness (80.16%), and smoking (51.23%). Cardiovascular risk in relation to the variables gender and family income presented a statistical difference (p<0.05). Only 0.8% of the patients presented a high risk of cardiovascular disease; 28.8% presented average risk and 70.2% low cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSION: Data show low cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease.