Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Cooperação Internacional , Poluição Ambiental , Grupos de Risco , Gases , Efeito EstufaAssuntos
Gases , Efeito Estufa , Mudança Climática , Aquecimento Global , História , Literatura InfantojuvenilAssuntos
Meio Ambiente , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Gasosos , Gases , Equipamentos e ProvisõesRESUMO
L'article invite le lecteur a reflechir sur la notion de vulnerabilite indissociable de toute approche du risque. Cette question concerne les regions cotieres, mais de maniere generale tout type de region exposee aux menaces naturelles. Plusieurs exemples, issus de travaux recemment realises dans le domaine des sciences sociales, illustrent l'interet des etudes de vulnerabilite (AU)
Assuntos
Substâncias Perigosas , Saúde Ocupacional , Risco , Gases , ToxicologiaRESUMO
The UK domestic gas supply market opened up to competition and this has implications for safety. The paper describes the approach being proposed for the safe managment of gas through pipes. Safety cases will be required from gas coveyors for submission and acceptance by HSE, the regulator. When accepted they will carry the force of UK legal requirements. New pipelines safety legislation is being introduced with two levels of control, the top tier controls being applicable to major accident hazard pipelines. Also a written Major accident Prevention Policy and a documented safety system will be required. policy decisions for scoping the top tier requirements draw on risk research (AU)
Assuntos
Gases , Poluentes Gasosos , Medidas de Segurança , Legislação , Medição de Risco , Organização e AdministraçãoAssuntos
Gases , Efeito Estufa , Mudança Climática , Gestão dos Recursos Naturais , Honduras , 35204 , 32465 , Ecossistema , Vulnerabilidade a DesastresAssuntos
Formaldeído , Poluição Ambiental , Impactos da Poluição na Saúde , Gases , Gases , Substâncias Tóxicas , Medidas de SegurançaRESUMO
A detailed and systematic review of the seismic perfomance of gas transmission lines prior to the 1994 Northridge earthquake shows that all repairs in pipelines affected by traveling ground waves occurred in areas which experienced seismic intensities of MMI>/ VIII. A review of gas transmission line perfomance during the 1994 Northridge earthquake discloses a similar pattern of seismic response. Approximately 91
of all pipeline damage caused by traveling ground waves in the 1994 event occurred in areas with MMI>/VIII. The earthquake-related damage has been predominantly in the form of ruptures at oxy-acetylene girth welds. The potential for damage in such welds appears to increase considerably for seismic intensities equal to and greater than MM VIII.(AU)
Assuntos
Terremotos , Gases , 34661 , Tubulações , Combustíveis Fósseis , Medidas de Segurança , Estratégias de SaúdeRESUMO
On January 17,. 1994 at 4:31 a.m., a magnitude 6.6 earthquake struck the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Epicentered in the San Fernando Valley town of Northridge, California, the earthquake caused serious damage to buildings and sections of elevated freeways; ignited at least one hundred fires as it ruptured gas pipelines; and disrupted water supply systems. As a consequence, 57 people died, another 1,500 were seriously injured, and 22,000 were left homeless. Over 3,000 buildings, most of which were residential structures, were declared unsafe for reentry due to earthquake damage. Los Angeles, a city which has extensively prepared itself for earthquakes, found that it had experienced the most destructive event since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Direct economic losses are estimated currently at over $20 billion. This reconnaissance report provides a perfomance analysis of gas transmission lines, both during this earthquake and during previous earthquakes, in Southern California.(AU)
Assuntos
Terremotos , Combustíveis Fósseis , Tubulações , Estados Unidos , Gases , Avaliação de DanosRESUMO
Past earthquakes have shown that gas and liquid fuel lifelines are vulnerable to earthquake ground shaking and ground failure. Although there are gaps in the knowledge base for seismic design of new systems, information is more complete for mitigation of seismic damage to new systems than for existing systems. The critical issues primatily center on the vulnerability of existing systems and include: the expected level of damage, direct and indirect impacts of seismic damage, damage mitigation procedures, and appropriate performance criteria. The state-of-the-art in dealing with these issues is reviewed as a basis for recommendations to improve implementation of existing knowledge and to advance the development of new technologies.(AU)
Assuntos
Gases , Combustíveis , Gasolina , Engenharia Sísmica , 34661RESUMO
Los métodos fundamentales para el estudio de gases para la vigilancia volcánica incluyen el muestreo en el campo con análisis de laboratorio, medidas de las tasas de emisión de los penachos volcánicos y vigilancia continua en el sitio. El muestreo de campo con análisis de laboratorio proporciona una información geoquímica detallado sobre un sitio en particular en un momento dado. Las medidas de emisión de gas revelan comunmente una relación promedia de SO2 y CO2, mientras que una vigilancia continua permite un entendimiento de los cambios temporales en las concentraciones de gases. Cada método tiene sus ventajas y desventajas y un estudio comprendido de gases para propósitos de vigilancia incluye la aplicación de tres acercamientos, conjuntamente con los métodos convencionales de vigilancia geofísica. (AU)
Assuntos
Erupções Vulcânicas , Geologia , Gases , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
During a period of about two years chemical composition of the gases of some mud volcanoes named "salinelle" in eastern Sicily were monthly analysed. These gaseous manifestations are situated in an high seismic risk area which underwent some of the most destructive earthquakes in Italy. Significant variations in the gas composition of these manifestations could be related to two earthquakes which occurred in this area during the period of observations.(AU)
Assuntos
Erupções Vulcânicas , Gases , Itália , Medição de Risco , TerremotosRESUMO
The results of the investigations show interesting correlations between gases in the soils and in the waters (CO2-Rn) and changes in the chemical composition of the natural gas exhalations (He, CH4) probably related to the earthquake. The geochemical surveys allowed us to define the most interesting areas for seismic monitoring aimed at earthquake prediction.(AU)