Thyroid

The explosions of nuclear weapons or accidents at nuclear power station affect the thyroid, and radiation-induced thyroid diseases are due to exposure to external radiation at the time of explosion or from the radiactive fallout and to exposure to internal radiation from radioactive iodine that accumulates within the thyroid glands. Describe this document, reports on radiation-induced thyroid diseases like atomic bomb, radiation at the neck, nuclear weapon test at Bikini island situated in Marshall Islands (Table 1: Total intake of radioactivity from iodine and tellurium isotopes according to location), the accident in Chernobyl (Table 2: Radionuclides releases) and Fig. 3: Number of children with thyroid cancer). Table 3 shows the results of screening in five diagnostic centers around Chernobyl and the possible cause of thyroid cancer is summarized in Table 4. Table 5 shows Internal exposure of Japanese travelers. Also, the article mentiones other environmental factors of cause of thyroid cancer in radioactive fallout area and a short comment about thyroid and medical preparedness and prevention of radiation by radioactive fallout is given. In table 6: Recommendation for dose of stable iodine and it finishes with an apart of prevention of thyroid diseases after irradiation

Aplicación de métodos no destructivos en el diagnóstico de estructuras

Se presenta en este trabajo la aplicación de ensayos in situ para el diagnóstico de estructuras, mediante alta tecnología. La aplicación y funcionalidad de "Métodos no destructivos" mediante equipos tales como el ultrasonido para determinar la calidad de los concretos y el profómetro para determinar la posición y diámetro del acero de refuerzo, se han constituido en una valiosa herramienta para los casos de revisión de obras que se desean reestructurar, remodelar o ampliar. Se incluyen distintos casos los que se analizan en cuanto a la importancia de los mismos y a la conveniencia o beneficios obtenidos con la aplicación de la metodología anteriormente apuntada.(AU)

Diagnosis and treatment of stress response syndromes : General principles

Clinical assessment of persons exposed to external stress events requires careful inquiry into both kinds of deflection from a homeostatic (or homeokinetic) state: extreme warding-off of the stress event and its implications, resulting in ideational denial and emotional numbing; and intrusive repetitiousness of memories and associations to the stress event, with pangs of painful feeling. Across groups of persons, there is a general tendency to denial first and the intrusion, in a progression of phasic responses to stress. Individuals will vary in the order of entry into such phases, time spent in a phase, degree of ascillation between phases, and specific manifestations during any phase. Treatment, in addition to orientation according to individual personality, should be phase-specific (AU)