Assuntos
Saúde Pública , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Demografia , Economia , Mortalidade , MorbidadeRESUMO
El ordenamiento territorial con sus instrumentos de planeamiento, gestión y control aborda de forma priorizada los temas del peligro, la vulnerabilidad y el riesgo a los desastres en los diferentes territorios. Se apoya en la existencia de un cuerpo teórico - metodológico y jurídico aprobado, para lograr el establecimiento de políticas, regulaciones, acciones y medidas que se implementan a partir de un orden de prioridades de intervención en las diferentes escalas del planeamiento y horizontes temporales, previamente estudiados, conciliando los intereses de la población, el medio ambiente y la economía como pasos vitales para garantizar una adecuada gestión del riesgo, que contribuye con el desarrollo sostenible de los territorios sujetos a los desastres. El trabajo que aquí se presenta expone los resultados del Programa "PLAN ESTRATÉGICO DE DESARROLLO DEL DEPARTAMENTO ZONDA" El proyecto, cuya primera etapa consistió en la elaboración de un Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial, propone estrategias para optimizar las estructuras urbanas y rurales del departamento (ubicado al Sudoeste de la Provincia de San Juan) en función de sus potencialidades, reduciendo los riesgos. Se ha incorporado la tecnología de los SIG, que admiten la localización, calificación y tratamiento por medio de atributos, de los distintos componentes de la trama urbana o rural, permitiendo la simulación de escenarios sociales, económicos, espaciales y ambientales, en los que pueden observarse alternativas a diversos cursos de acción o decisión.(AU)
Assuntos
Características de Residência , Planejamento Físico , 34661 , Planejamento de Cidades , Demografia , Planejamento em DesastresRESUMO
Throughout El Salvador's history, from the Spanish occupation to the present global economy, social and economic factors, such as population and poverty growth along with unplanned urban development, have played an active role in disasters, raising vulnerability to the level of natural risk. This essay discusses two key aspects: the location of urban population (especially in San Salvador, the capital and the country's most crowded city) and unequal land distribution in the countryside. San Salvador is located in an important seismic area and is also very close to El Salvador's major farms. Ever since its foundation, earthquakes have shaken the capital, forcing not only the population to desert the city but also to change its location. On the other hand, the 1854 quake gave politicians seeking to boost coffee production and export, a reason to begin the transformation of common lands into private property, leading to land concentration. This gave way to the emergence of poor landless peasants who emigrated to urban areas, especially San Salvador (AU)
Assuntos
Terremotos , Condições Sociais , Problemas Sociais , Pobreza , Demografia , Assentamentos Humanos , Medição de Risco , El SalvadorRESUMO
Many studies have considered the economic, social, and psychological effects of hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, tornadoes, and other natural disasters, but few have considered their demographic effects. In this paper we describe and evaluate a method for measuring the effects of hurricane Andrew on the housing stock and population distribution in Dade County, Florida. Using information collected through sample surveys and from other data sources, we investigate the extent of housing damages, the number of people forced out of their homes, where they went, how long they stayed, and whether they returned to their prehurricane residences. We conclude that more than half the housing units in Dade County were damaged by Hurricane Andrew; that more than 353,000 people were forced to leave their homes, at least temporarily; and that almost 40,000 people left the county permanently as a direct result of the hurricane. We delieve that this study will provide methodological guidance to analysis studying the demographic effects of other large-scale natural disasters.(AU)
Assuntos
Desastres Naturais , Demografia , Estados Unidos , Florida , Pesquisa , Avaliação de DanosRESUMO
Based on the simplified approximate methodologies proposed by Tokimatsu and seed (1984, 1987) and Ishihara and Yoshimine (1992), charts were developed to estimate earthquke induced settlements in saturated as well as dry sands relative to New England seismicity. The charts are directly usable requiring only adequate SPT (blow count) data and the position of the groundwater table for a project site. A magnitude 6.5 earthquake with a peak ground acceleration of 0.12 g was adopted to characterize a desing earthquake for the New England region (AU)
Assuntos
Terremotos , Características de Residência , Inglaterra , Demografia , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Earthquake induced settlement in sand deposits and lateral movement of slopes due to an underlying failed sand layer are the major damaging effects on structures resulting from iether consolidation of unsaturated sand or liquefaction of saturated sand. Memphis is an important metropolitan area, located within 40 miles south of the New madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). Granular sand layers overlain by a layer of surficial clayey soils (silty to sand y clay) or loessial soils (clayey to sand silt) are present throughout the Memphis area. In general, the surface of these sand layers are located at a depth as shallow as 10 feet to more than 40 feet with thickness ranging from about 5 feet to greater than 40 feet (AU)
