RESUMO
Recopilación de las ponencias presentadas en la Conferencia Hemisférica del Sector Educativo para la Reducción de Vulnerabilidad da los Desastres Socionaturales, esta conferencia se celebró en Caracas, Venezuela; los temas tratados fueron: curricula, formación ciudadana y estructuras educativas
Assuntos
Desastres Naturais , Problemas Sociais , Vulnerabilidade a Desastres , Gestão de Riscos , 34661 , Educação em Desastres , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , 35174Assuntos
Guerra , Planejamento em Desastres , Distúrbios Civis , Socorro em Desastres , Problemas SociaisRESUMO
Throughout El Salvador's history, from the Spanish occupation to the present global economy, social and economic factors, such as population and poverty growth along with unplanned urban development, have played an active role in disasters, raising vulnerability to the level of natural risk. This essay discusses two key aspects: the location of urban population (especially in San Salvador, the capital and the country's most crowded city) and unequal land distribution in the countryside. San Salvador is located in an important seismic area and is also very close to El Salvador's major farms. Ever since its foundation, earthquakes have shaken the capital, forcing not only the population to desert the city but also to change its location. On the other hand, the 1854 quake gave politicians seeking to boost coffee production and export, a reason to begin the transformation of common lands into private property, leading to land concentration. This gave way to the emergence of poor landless peasants who emigrated to urban areas, especially San Salvador (AU)
Assuntos
Terremotos , Condições Sociais , Problemas Sociais , Pobreza , Demografia , Assentamentos Humanos , Medição de Risco , El SalvadorRESUMO
A short history of floods in Buenos Aires runs through the following pages. It tries to show that situation of proggessive vulnerability, which is both historical and territorial, has been taking shape over time, in which recurrent floods seem to coexist with the city, disruting people's daily life and activities (AU)
Assuntos
Inundações , Condições Sociais , Problemas Sociais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Mudança Climática , Redes de Esgoto Pluvial , ArgentinaAssuntos
Desastres , Percepção Social , Condições Sociais , Medição de Risco , Avaliação de Danos , Problemas SociaisAssuntos
Inundações , Problemas Sociais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Peru , Efeitos de Desastres na Saúde , 34661RESUMO
A global tendency towards increasing instability presents a challenge to the aid system. This paper examines international responses to one sub-group of unstable situations : countries entering a period of 'post' - conflict recovery. Focusing on the health sector, it argues that while the objectives of rehabilitation are framed with respect to macro - level issues of political and economic stabilization, interventions comprise largely of uncoordinated micro-level initiatives. This policy - implementation gap is exolained in relation to the context of weak states in transitional societies and the organization of international aid itself. It is suggested that a fundamental reappraisal of the objectives and instruments of relief and development is required in unstable situations (AU)
Assuntos
Saúde , Reabilitação , Guerra , Cooperação Internacional , Problemas SociaisRESUMO
In the rehabilitation stage of lifelines after earthquake, there would be no room for argument that people tend to experience various kinds of incovenience due to the functional failure of lifeline systems. However, we do not know yet the exact nature and degree of such incovenience people may experience during the lifeline functional failure. In order to make it the optimal the rehabilitation processes of lifelines after earthquake, we need to have some empirical data for the quantitative understanding of the incontinences. In this paper, we would like to present a model that describe the inconveniences due to lifeline functional failure based on the experiences by those who lived in Npshiro-city at time of 1983 Nihonkai-chubu earthquake.(AU)
Assuntos
Terremotos , Interrupção de Serviços e de Abastecimento , Japão , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Problemas SociaisRESUMO
El telón de fondo de los desastres de abril ha sido el abismo abierto entre gobernantes y pueblo. La cúpula tapatía confundió interesadamente partido, Estado y negocios privados. Las explosiones de Guadalajara constituyeron el eco de otro estallido, fundamentalmente social y político, todo lo cual mostró un gobierno en descomposición (AU)
Assuntos
Desastres Provocados pelo Homem , 50207 , Problemas Sociais , Explosões , México , Desastre Industrial , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
All social events including disaster planning, response, and recovery activities reflect both the forces of social action and social order. To indicate that there is a social aspect to disasters justifies the sociological examination of disasters, exactly what should they study and how should they proceed? The possible combinations of the forces of action and order are expressed in social structure, the various forms of human association. If social action is visible in spontaneous, creative actions, social order is seen in the patterns of recurring human activities. If social action identifies the individual as the prime agent, social order highlights the social unit - groups and organisations - as the prime force. Gaining an understanding of the paradox of social structure, that action and order are autonomous yet related, can allow disaster managers to tranform social structure, the forms of human association, into an ally rather than an enemy.(AU)
Assuntos
Sociologia , Desastres , Problemas Sociais , OrganizaçõesRESUMO
Today over 15 million refugees are scattered around the world, most of them in poor Third Wold countries [New Sci., 14-15, September 1991]. But whether they seek'safe havens' in rich or poor countries they continue to suffer from the malaise of being uprooted, struggling to survive in new and alien environments. Their health and social problems extend beyond the obvious emergency short-term phase. It is now clear that the number of refugees has increased beyond expectations and most have stayed long enough to expect final resettlement in their countries of asylum, a process which requires wider, more comprehensive and long - tern management and rehabilitation interventions. This paper will attempt to highlight issues of health and social problems in their wider context, surveying comprehensive and integrated approaches in assessing the needs of refugees, whether they are in developing or industrialised countries, with emphasis on the latter and, when appropriate, using the United Kingdom experience as an example (AU)
Assuntos
Refugiados , Problemas Sociais , Nível de Saúde , Surtos de Doenças , Doenças Transmissíveis , Saúde MentalAssuntos
Refugiados , Migração Humana , Problemas Sociais , Família , África , Estratégias de Saúde , Psicologia SocialRESUMO
Although flooding of a subtantial part of the country is an annual environmental hazard in Bangladesh, the 1988 flood was special not only in terms of its magnitude but also in its consequences. The flood affected, for the first time, a large part of the capital city Dhaka, submerging the diplomatic enclave and the cantonment. Again, for the first time serious talk of flood prevention ensued after the flood water receded and prompt actions were taken to provide relief to the victims (AU)