Assuntos
Inundações , Poluição da Água , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Saúde Ambiental , Diarreia , CóleraAssuntos
Recursos Hídricos , Água , Usos da Água , Abastecimento de Água , América do Sul , Poluição da Água , Água PotávelRESUMO
El número de muertes anuales, directamente relacionadas con el consumo de agua no potable, es de 3 millones a nivel mundial. Una cifra enorme y especialmente preocupante si se la compara con los 168 millones de personas que en la Región de las Américas, no disponen en la actualidad, de un abastecimiento continuo de agua microbiológicamente segura. Las autoridades locales son las principales responsables por eliminar este riesgo y hacer frente a contaminaciones que, aun siendo mínimas, pueden causar epidemias catastróficas. A ellas les compete hacer todo lo posible para ofrecer a la población un agua segura las 24 horas del día. La aplicación de normas simples puede garantizar la obtención de un agua de calidad. Entre estas normas, la desinfección del agua con cloro sigue siendo en todo caso prioritaria, y debe preferirse a cualquier pretratamiento del agua con tecnologías altamente especializadas y a menudo costosas.(AU)
Assuntos
Desinfecção da Água , Poluição da Água , Purificação da Água , Água Potável , 24961 , Cloro , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
La guía describe las medidas de seguridad para el manejo del agua, la higiene y el saneamiento con el fin de lograr un cambio en los hábitos y prácticas de salud inadecuados para la niñez
Assuntos
Higiene , Educação em Saúde , Instituições Acadêmicas , Saneamento , Consumo de Água (Saúde Ambiental) , Água Potável , Manual de Referência , Poluição da Água , População Rural , Abastecimento de Água , Purificação da Água , Doenças TransmissíveisRESUMO
Natural disaster can have profound deleterious effects on public and private water systems. These negative impacts also pose a threat to the public's health through the effects of hazardous materials released into the environment by the disaster or through the transmission of waterborne or water-associated diseases. Natural disaster, especially floods, may cause the contamination of water supplies by sewage and the proliferation of mosquitoes, files and rats. One of the mayor health consequences of disasters is contamination of the water supply by phatologies microbes. Prevention and control of waterborne diseases in the disaster area fall within the purview of the preventive medicine team. Protection of the health of emergency responders is give highest priority. Provision of emergencies supplies of potable water restoration of water-treatment and sewage-treatment systems, food-service inspections, testing of water supplies for coliforms, sanitation in emergency shelters and environmental sanitation in general. Monitoring and suppresion (if necessary and feasible) of pest and vector populations, epidemiological surveillance activities of the preventive medicine team. (AU)
Assuntos
Desastres Naturais , Efeitos de Desastres na Saúde , Poluição da Água , Poluentes da Água , Controle de Doenças TransmissíveisRESUMO
The eruption of the Cerro Negro volcano near León, Nicaragua, on 9 April 1992 distributed an estimated 1.7 million tons of ash over a 200 square kilometer area. An assessment was conducted to evaluate the health effects on approximately 300.000 residents, using routine data obtained by the national epidemiologic surveillance system. It was found that rates of visits to health care facilities for acute diarrheal and respiratory illnesses increased in two study communities, one within and one near the disaster zone. Specifically, visits for acute diarrhea were nearly 6 times more numerous than before the eruption in both communities, while visits for acute respiratory diseases were 3.6 times more frequent in telica (the community near the disaster zone) and 6.0 times more frequent in Telica (the community within it). Most of the visits were for infants and children less than 5 years old (AU)