Economic consequences of the recent earthquakes in Turkey and Greece

The recent massive earthquakes in Turkey and Greece - with the tragic major loss of life, injuries, trauma and physical damage they brought - have, hearteningly, mobilisied rapid and considerable international support both material and moral, including between the two countries affected. It is vital, says the report, that this assistance continue until reconstruction is complete. The report goes on to call for stricter construcion standards and quality controls in order to reduce the loss of life and damage in any future earthquake, in or outside the region. A European fund for urgent financial assistance in the event of natural disastes should be considered, as well rapid reaction capabilities unde the auspices of the OSCE. They should be supplemented by planning and co-ordination bodies at national and regional level, and possibly by worldqide readiness under UN auspices. Finally, the report pledges constant Assembly monitoring of the international aid effort to Greece and Turkey, in particular in its capacity as the parliamentary forum fo international financial institutions suchas the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the European Bank for Reconstruction an Development (EBRD) and the Council of Europe Development Bank. (AU)

Regionalization of seismic hazard in Greece based on seismic sources

A seismic-probabilistic approach to the seismic hazard assessment of Greece is presented. For this reason, a recent seismotectonic model for shallow and intermediate depth earthquake sources, based on historial as well as on instrumental data, was used. Different attenuation formulae were proposed for the macroseismic intensity and the strong ground motion parameters for the shallow and the intermediate focal deph shocks. Finally, seismic hazard maps for the area of Greece were compiled utilizing the entire range of recurrence curves. These maps depcit areas of equal seismic hazard and for every area the analytical of the type SI=f (Tm), where SI is a seismic intensity parameter and Tm is the mean return period, were determined (AU)

Tectonic and seismic processes of various space and time scales in the Greek area

The Tertiary and active, large-scale, complex seismotectonic processes of the Greek area can be adequately interpreted by lithospheric rotations and subductions. Anomalies in the space, time and size distributions of earthquakes reflect seismotectonic complexity even in smaller scales. A new interpretation of the tomographic images is suggested to dissolve their strong contradiction with other geophysical observations. Two 2-D interrelated lithospheric models are proposed to integrate many types of observations into a unified picture of the active deformation of the Greek area. There is a general need of such multidisciplinary approaches for understanding better geodynamic phenomena taking place in complex areas such as the Greek one

Source process of some large earthquakes in Greece and its tectonic implication

In the present paper the source process of some large earthquakes occurred in Greece is discussed in terms of the distribution of the asperities or barriers on the fault plane. The source process has been revealed by the inversion of teleseismic long period body waves using two different techniques. Based on the obtained source time functions an attempt is made to explain the low stress drop values for the earthquakes occurred in Greece. It seems that the stress drops computed by using Brune's model are an average estimate and do not reflect to some seismotectonic characteristics of the focal region

Review on seismic hazard assessment in Greece

In this presentation a review of the methodologies and techniquess applied in Greece for seismic hazard assessment and strong motion simulation are presented and discussed. Emphasis is given to the uncertainties involved and to the limitations of the useability of the results. In estimating the expected maximum ground motion parameters, two main approaches are used: the pure statistical and the semi-statistical approach in the sense that before applying a cetain earthquake occurrence law, the modelling of the seismic sources based on seismotectonic criteria and their potentiality is evaluated. For comparison reasons, all the above methodologies are applied in estimating the seismic hazard of the city of athens, the capital of Greece. The results expressed in PGA having 90

to be the maximum during the next 25, 50 and 100 years are in close agreement. Using the spectral approach a synthetic expected accelerogram in the case of a event witch epicentral distance D=25 Km from Athems, magnitude M=6 and depth of 10 Km is also constructed (AU)

Seismic hazard and long term earthquake prediction in Greece

brief review of the research work on seismic hazard and long - term earthquake prediction in the area of Greece is attempted. Furthermore, repeat time, T, of large main shocks in seven very active seismogenic sources of this area are investigated. It is observed that the repeat times depend on the magnitude, Mp, of the preceding main shock, that is, the time predictable model and not the slip - predictable models hols for these seismogenic sources. A relation of the form logT = cMp + a fits the data with a value for c equal to 0.28 when T is measured in years and Mp is the surface wave magnitude of the preceding main earthquake (AU)

Soil fractures and sand water's shaking off observed during the earthquake of october 16th, 1988 at the region of Vartholomio (W. Peloponnesus, Greece)

Soil fractures and sand water's shaking off observed during the seismic activity of the october 16th, 1988 at the Bouka vartholomio region (W. Peloponnesus, Greece), are described. They are quite impressive and relatively rare phaenomena due to the earthquake movements occured and the special geological conditions of the area (AU)

Technicogeological observations in the ancient Delphi area (Greece)

The ancient Delphi area represents one of the most important archaeological sities of the historical times of Greece (7th cent. B.C), in which the most famous oracle of the ancient world had been established. The major area is covered be neritic limestones of jurassic - upper cretaceous age and the flysch formation of paleocene age which belongs to he Parnassos geotectonic unit (AU)

Disaster behavior research in Greece : Review and prospects

This article is a review of the empirical research on disaster behavior in Greece during the last 35 years. Most of this was conducted by psychiatrists and other non.sociologists. It focused on the individual, rather than the organizational and institutional reactions, to earthquakes. Although a number of findings on the individual level are consistent with cetain theoretical notions regarding panic behavior and disaster subculture, more systematic and controlled research is needed before definite conclusions can be drawn. The article concludes with suggestions for promoting sociological disaster research by taking advantage of recent institutional developments in the areas of disaster planning, research and development, and professional sociology.(AU)

Earthquake preparedness and local government

The earthquake preparedness plan is addressed to the central government and the public. The present paper outlines those chapters of the plan which are addressed to the local government (AU)

The extent of the problem of earthen buildings in Greece

The present paper deals with "Earthen Buildings" that have a load carrying system of clay with various admixtures. Earthen buildings in Greece have constructed since the protoneolithic period, and they have been constructed since the protoneolithic period, and they have been considered superior than the baker brick wall construction, according to the use If Well maintained and waterproofed, the earthen buildings show a very good earthquake reisitance (AU)

Design, construction, behavior and repair problems of rural structures in Greece

Classification of different low-cost construction systems used in Greece is attempted. Problems and possibilities of design, construction seismic behavior and repair of rural structures in Greece, with either traditional or recent low-cost construction systems are presented, with emphasis on observations and conclusions from recent destructive earthquakes (Volvi 1978, Magnissia 1980, Alkyonides 1981) need for practical design, construction and repair recommendations, easily available to rural population is stressed (AU)