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1.
Int. j. high dilution res ; 21: 67-84, June 20, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, HomeoIndex - Homeopatia | ID: biblio-1396376

RESUMO

Homeopathy is highly controversial. The main reason for this is its use of very highly dilute medicines (high homeopathic potencies, HHP), diluted beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. Research using Nano Tracking Analysis has demonstrated the presence of particles in HHPs. This study aims to verify the results of a previous publication that identified the ionic composition of these particles in all dilutions. We used Scanning Electron Microscopy & Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to examine dilutions of a commonly used homeopathic medicine, an insoluble metal, Cuprum metallicum, for the presence of particles (NPs). The homeopathic medicines tested were specially prepared according to the European pharmacopoeia standards. We compared the homeopathic dilutions/dynamizations of copper with simple dilutions and dynamized lactose controls. We observed an ionic diversity common to all preparations including HHPs but also significant differences in the relative quantity of each ion between manufacturing lines of homeopathic copper and lactose controls. The probability that the observed differences could have occurred chance alone (especially above Avogadro limit) can be rejected at p < 0.001. The essential component of these homeopathic medicines is sodium hydrogen carbonate, modulated by some other elements and by its quantity, size and shape. Homeopathic medicines made of Cuprum metallicum do contain material with a specific ionic composition even in HHPs diluted beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. This specificity can be attributed to the manufacturing process. This material demonstrates that the step-by-step process (dynamized or not) does not match the theoretical expectations of a dilution process. The starting material and dilution/dynamization method influences the nature of these NPs. Further measurements are needed on other raw materials using the same controls (solvent and simply diluted manufacturing lines) to support these findings. The role of sodium bicarbonate must be carefully studied in the future.


Assuntos
Dinamização , Farmacotécnica Homeopática , Nanopartículas , Espectrometria por Raios X , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Cuprum Metallicum , Bicarbonato de Sódio , Cobre , Lactose
2.
Int. j. high dilution res ; 20(4): 11-28, Dec. 31, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, HomeoIndex - Homeopatia | ID: biblio-1396371

RESUMO

Homeopathy is highly controversial. The main reason for this is its use of very highly dilute medicines (high homeopathic potencies, HHP), diluted beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. Research using several different methods has demonstrated the presence of particles, including nanoparticles of source material, in HHPs. This study aims to verify the results of a previous publication that detected the presence of particles in all dilutions. We used the Nano Tracking Analyzer (NTA) to examine dilutions of a commonly used homeopathic medicine, an insoluble metal, Cuprum metallicum, for the presence of particles. The homeopathic medicines tested were specially prepared according to the European pharmacopoeia standards. We compared the homeopathic dilutions/dynamizations with simple dilutions and controls including a soluble medicine. We observed the presence of solid material in all preparations including HHPs (except for pure water). The measurements showed significant differences in particle sizes distribution between homeopathic manufacturing lines and controls. Homeopathic medicines do contain material with a specific size distribution even in HHPs diluted beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. This specificity can be attributed to the manufacturing and potentization process. This material demonstrates that the step-by-step process (dynamized or not) does not match the theoretical expectations in a dilution process. The starting material and dilution/dynamization method influences the nature and concentration of these NPs.


Assuntos
Dinamização , Farmacotécnica Homeopática , Nanopartículas , Cloreto de Potássio , Cuprum Metallicum , Kali Muriaticum , Cobre , Lactose
4.
Br. homoeopath. j ; 84(2): 75-9, apr. 1995. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | HomeoIndex - Homeopatia | ID: hom-4398

RESUMO

The effect of trituration on thermal degradation of lactose (sugar of milk) was studied using a thermogravimetric analyser. A correlation between the rate of degradation with increased potency observed up to 600§C suggests that the vehicle plays an important role in the bioavailability of the drug. Comparison was also made between machine and hand tritured lactose. For lower potencies (up to the 2x) machine triturated lactose was found to degrade faster than hand triturated lactose, whereas at higher potencies hand triturated lactose showed faster degradation as compared to machine triturated lactose (AU)


Assuntos
Lactose/análise , Trituração em Homeopatia , Termogravimetria , Potência
5.
Homeopatia Mex ; 60(560): 3-10, set.-out. 1992. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | HomeoIndex - Homeopatia | ID: hom-2017

RESUMO

Un sistema (molecular) puede verse segun su capacidad especifica de reaccionar ante cambios ambientales, sin perder sus caracteristicas principales. Esto requiere que las partes del sistema difieran y se organicen. Para describir los cambios continuos en un sistema tal, introducimos el concepto de niveles jerarquicos, niveles que no pueden considerarse como entidades en si mismas, sino como partes de un todo. Las fuerzas que actuan en un nivel mas alto dominan, por tener propiedades dinamicas mejor desarrolladas, sobre los niveles subordinados. El nivel mas alto condiciona la configuracion estructural del nivel mas bajo, el que a su vez conserva los limites para las funciones dinamicas de los niveles altos. Con base en dicha organizacion de sistemas solidos y liquidos, presentamos la serie de cambios que pueden suscitar ciertos efectos mecanicos, tales como la trituracion de un solido o la sucusion de un liquido


Assuntos
Mecanismo de Ação do Medicamento Homeopático , Conformação Molecular , Lactose , Dinamização , Solução Hidroalcoólica , Física
6.
Rev. homeopatica ; 8(19): 21-7, jan.-abr. 1992. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | HomeoIndex - Homeopatia | ID: hom-1901

RESUMO

Con respecto a una comprension de las drogas altamente potenciadas, el hecho mas desconcertante es la ausencia de las moleculas de la droga original. Nos enfrentamos, por tanto, con la siguiente pregunta fundamental: Cual es la base de la informacion de la droga? Iniciamos la investigacion considerando los planteamientos fundamentales de la mecanica cuantica, segun los cuales las moleculas individuales no pueden ser ni percibidas ni circunscritas. Esta posicion de la fisica moderna exige preguntas desde un punto de vista superordenado y plantea la demanda de iniciar investigaciones desde el conjunto mas que desde las partes del sistema


Assuntos
Mecanismo de Ação do Medicamento Homeopático , Estrutura Molecular , Lactose , Solução Hidroalcoólica
7.
Rev. homeopatia (Sao Paulo) ; 55(4): 111-4, dez. 1990. ilus
Artigo em Português | HomeoIndex - Homeopatia | ID: hom-630

RESUMO

No que tange ao entendimento dos efeitos de drogas altamente potenciadas, o fato mais espantoso e a ausencia de moleculas da droga original. Dessa forma, vemo-nos diante da seguinte indagacao fundamental: qual e a base de informacao da droga? Iniciamos a investigacao considerando as declaracoesfundamentais da mecanica quantica, segundo a qual as moleculas individuais nao podem se nem percebidas, nem circunscritas. Esse posicionamento da fisica modernalevanta questoes a partir de uma perspectiva super-ordenada e convoca o inicio de pesquisas sobre a totalidade do sistema, em lugar de sobre suas partes


Assuntos
Mecanismo de Ação do Medicamento Homeopático , Conformação Molecular , Lactose , Dinamização , Solução Hidroalcoólica
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