Relación entre los patrones de crecimiento facial y la maduración dental y esquelética en los pacientes en crecimiento / Relationship between facial growth patterns and dental and skeletal maturation in growing patients

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica para evaluar la posible relación entre los patrones de crecimiento facial con la maduración dental y esquelética en pacientes en crecimiento. La maduración dental y esquelética son dos indicadores que nos permiten es-tablecer en qué momento del desarrollo se encuentra el paciente en crecimiento. Actualmente, para la valoración de la maduración esquelética se emplea la visualización de las vértebras cervicales en la radiografía lateral de cráneo, ya que es un método que permite disminuir la exposición radiológica del paciente que se encuentra en estudio ortodóncico, en comparación con la radiografía de muñe-ca, la cual suponía la realización de una radiografía adicional. Para el análisis de la maduración dental, la radiografía panorámica es la más empleada mediante la visualización del desarrollo de los siete dientes mandibulares izquierdos. Los pacientes que se encuentran en edad infantil presentan diversos patrones de crecimiento facial, entre los que podemos encontrar, braquifacial, mesofacial y dolicofacial. Para poder establecer el patrón de crecimiento que presenta el paciente existen diversos métodos que, a través de mediciones cefalométricas, nos clasifican al paciente en uno de los tres grupos. Existen diversos trabajos que estudian la posible relación entre los patrones de crecimiento facial y la maduración dental y esquelética. Según la literatura revisada podemos concluir que los pacientes que presentan un patrón de crecimiento vertical muestran una maduración dental y esquelética más avanzada en comparación con los pacientes que presentan un patrón de crecimiento horizontal

The objective of this paper is to present a bibliographical review to evaluate the possible relationship between facial growth patterns and dental and skeletal maturation in growing patients.Dental and skeletal maturation are two indicators that allow us to establish at what point the patient is in his growth. Currently, for the evaluation of skeletal maturation, the visualisation of the cervical vertebrae in the lateral x-ray of the skull is used, since this is a method that diminishes the radiological exposure of the patient undergoing an orthodontic study, in comparison with the x-ray of the wrist, which means taking an additional x-ray.For the analysis of dental maturation, the panoramic x-ray is the most used through visualisation of the development of the seven left jaw teeth. Children in young ages present different facial growth patterns, among which we can find brachyfacial, mesofacial and dolichofacial. In order to establish the growth pattern the patient presents, there are different methods that, through cephalometric measurements, classify the patient in one of the three groups. Different papers study the possible relationship between facial growth patterns and dental and skeletal maturation. According to the reviewed literature, we can conclude that the patients who present a vertical growth pattern show more advanced dental and skeletal maturation in comparison with the patients who present a horizontal growth pattern

Prevalence and distribution of dilacerations in the permanent dentition of an Iranian population

A thorough knowledge of external dental root morphology is fundamental for having successful endodontic, orthodontic and surgical treatments in dentistry. The aim of this anatomical study was to determine the incidence of tooth dilacerations in Kerman, a province in the Southeastern Islamic Republic of Iran. A cross-sectional study was performed on a total of 3150 teeth from 800 PA radiographs; 100 radiographs from each 8 anatomic divisions of the dental arch, within a Kerman population. The numbers of radiographs were equal between 2 genders; 400 from females and 400 from males. Radiographs were studied by 3 specialists in this field in order to determine and record the prevalence and distribution of dilacerations in different teeth of this population. Amongst the total of 3150 teeth from 800 radiographs, 52 teeth (1.65%) showed dilacerations. The prevalence of this anomaly was 7.5% in males and 5% in females, and the distribution was almost equal between different teeth of the maxilla (2%-4%); meanwhile in the mandible, the maximum prevalence was in third molars (14%) and the rate was nil in anterior teeth (Spss and Excel softwares, IBM). The prevalence of tooth dilacerations was almost equal between genders in the Kerman population that was studied. The findings indicated that the presence of dilacerated roots was more prevalent in females in the mandibular arch, while this anomaly was more prevalent in males in the maxillary arch. Interestingly, none of the mandibular incisor teeth displayed this anomaly

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Comparative in vitro study of the accuracy of impression techniques for dental implants: Direct technique with an elastomeric impression material versus intraoral scanner

Background: The aim of this study was to compare a conventional technique (elastomeric impression material - EIM) and a digital technique (scanner digital model - SDM) on a six-analog master model (MM) to determine which was the most exact. Material and Methods: Twenty impressions were taken of a master model (EIM) and twenty scanned impressions (SDM) (True Definition). A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) was used to measure the distances between adjacent analogues (1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6), intermittently positioned analogues (1-4, 3-6) and the most distal (1-6). Reference values were established from the master model, which were compared with the two impression techniques. The significance level was established as 5% (p<0.05). Results: The precision of each technique was compared with MM. For adjacent analogues (1-2), no significant differences were found between EIM-MM (p=0,146). For intermittently positioned analogues (1-4), SDM did not show significant differences with MM (p=0.255). For the distance between distal analogues (1-6), significant differences were found between both tecniques and MM (p=0.001). Conclusions: In a clinical situation with < three implants, EIM is more exact than SDM, but in cases of four implants SDM is more exact. For rehabilitations (> four implants), neither technique can be considered accurate although error falls within the tolerance limits established in the literature (30-150μm)

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Is the Erich arch bar the best intermaxillary fixation method in maxillofacial fractures? A systematic review

BACKGROUND: Intermaxillary fixation is used to achieve proper occlusion during and after oral and maxillofacial fracture surgery. The aim of this systematic review was to compare Erich arch bar fixation with other intermaxillary fixation methods in terms of the operating time, safety during installation, oral health maintenance and occlusal stability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic online search was conducted of the Scirus, PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Library and VHL databases. A clinical trial dating from the inception of the data bases until August 2013 was selected. Studies that compared Erich arch bars with other intermaxillary fixation methods in patients older than 18 years-old were included. The studies were assessed by two independent reviewers. The methodological quality of each article was analyzed. RESULTS: Nine hundred and twenty-five manuscripts were found. Seven relevant articles were analyzed in this review. The risk of bias was considered moderate for four studies and high for three clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to conclude that the Erich arch bar is the best intermaxillary fixation method in cases of oral and maxillofacial fractures

Identification of the mandibular landmarks in a pediatric population

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine and compare the reliability to accomplish of common mandibular landmarks and to determine the incidence of incisive canals, anterior looping, and lingual foramina in children from panoramic and CBCT images. DESIGN: Panoramic and CBCT images from 100 children and adolescent patients were randomly selected. In order to grade the visibility of mandibular anatomical landmarks, a four-point rating scale was used. RESULTS: In panoramic images, the mandibular canal could be observed in 92.5% of cases, with good visibility in 12.0%. The mental foramen could be observed in 44.5% of cases, while none had good visibility. Anterior looping of the mental nerve was present in 16.5% of the cases, and none had good visibility. An incisive canal could be identified in 22.5% of cases, with only 1.5% showing good visibility. The lingual foramen could be visualized in 61.0% of cases, with good visibility in 6%. In CBCT images, the mandibular canal, the mental foramen, and the lingual foramen could be observed in 100% of the cases, with good visibility in 51.0%, 98.5%, and 45.0% of cases, respectively. Anterior looping of the mental nerve was present in 26% of cases, with 2% having good visibility. An incisive canal could be identified in 49.5% of cases, with only 75% showing good visibility. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the applicability of CBCT images to visualize critical structures in children

Letter to the Editor: Validity of the bolton index using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT); Methodological mistake

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Análisis de la variabilidad y coincidencia diagnóstica de los planos Sella-Nasion y de Frankfurt respecto a la horizontal verdadera en posición natural de la cabeza / Analysis of variability of the frankfort horizontal and sella-nasion planes with respect to the true horizontal plane and diagnostic agreement in natural head position

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue investigar la variabilidad de los planos intra y extracraneales en posición natural de la cabeza (PNC) utilizando registros fotográficos y radiográficos. En la primera parte de la investigación, se analizó la reproducibilidad de PNC y la variabilidad de los planos de Frankfurt (FH) y Sella-Nasion (SN) respecto a la horizontal verdadera (HV) obtenida en PNC. Los resultados mostraron una buena reproducibilidad de PNC utilizando registros fotográficos (coeficiente de Dahlberg 1,60). El FH presentó una variabilidad menor que el plano SN, con varianzas de 4,59 y 10,12, respectivamente. En la segunda parte, se analizó el grado de coincidencia de las variables cefalométricas que determinan la posición sagital de los maxilares basadas en los 3 planos investigados (FH, SN y HV). En el caso del maxilar superior, la prueba Wilcoxon resultó ser significativa para las variables basadas en los planos FH-HV y FH-SN, no siendo significativa para los planos SN-HV. Respecto a la mandíbula, la prueba de Wilcoxon para muestras repetidas resultó ser significativa para todas las variables basadas en los 3 planos. Aunque la variabilidad del plano SN resultó ser significativamente mayor que la del plano FH, se observó una mayor coincidencia diagnóstica entre los planos HV y SN. Sin embargo, a pesar de los buenos resultados de fiabilidad del FH, fue este el que menos coincidencias presentó en el diagnóstico facial (AU)

Ensayo doble ciego de casos clínicos: Invisalign ® versus multibrackets / Double-blind clinical trial of orthodontic cases: Invisalign™ versus multibrackets

En el presente artículo, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en un ensayo doble ciego de casos clínicos de ortodoncia. El ensayo ha consistido en la presentación a 3 grupos de observadores ortodoncistas de 2 casos clínicos de similares características de maloclusión dentaria tratados, uno con aparatología fija multibrackets, arco recto, y el otro con el sistema Invisalign®.Se les han presentado registros iniciales y finales de ambos casos y, sin saber con qué técnica habían sido tratados, han marcado sobre una plantilla, en la que aparecían 4 técnicas ortodóncicas posibles, cuál de ellas era la que se había utilizado para la corrección de cada uno de los casos. El número total de observadores ha sido de 86, y tras realizar una validación cruzada de evaluación de los resultados estadísticos llevada a cabo por un investigador ciego, se concluye que el índice de aciertos en el caso 1 es de 12,7%. En el caso 2, es tan sólo del 18,6%.Se puede concluir, a la vista de los resultados obtenidos, que los observadores ortodoncistas fracasan en un porcentaje de más del 84% de media a la hora de diferenciar si un caso clínico ha sido tratado con una técnica u otra (AU)

This article presents the results of a double-blind clinical trial of orthodontic cases. Two cases with similar characteristics of dental malocclusion were presented to three groups of observer orthodontists. The first case was treated with a fixed multibracket appliance with straight arch wire, and the second, with the invisalign® system. The observers were shown the initial and final records of both cases and a template featuring four possible orthodontic techniques. Without knowing which technique had been used, the observers were asked to indicate the technique they believed had been employed in each of the patients. The total number of observers was 86. The results of a statistical evaluation by a blinded investigator were cross validated and revealed that only 12.7% of the observers correctly identified the technique used in the first case and only 18.5 did so in the second. In view of these results, we conclude that, on average, 84% of observer orthodontists fail to identify the technique used to treat a patient (AU)

Tooth size changes with age in a Spanish population: Percentile tables

Objectives: The aims of this work were: firstly, to draw up tables of percentile tooth sizes similar to those of Saninand Savara for three age groups of a Spanish population; secondly, to describe changes in tooth size between thosegroups over time, as well as observing any sexual dimorphism and, finally, to compare both the Spanish and Saninand Savara’s American population samples.Material and methods: The sample included 359 patients and was divided into three age groups: adolescents,young adults and adults, of both genders. After dental cast digitalization, mesiodistal tooth-size was measuredon each dental cast using a digital method. Dental size tables organized by percentiles for each group of age andgender were drawn up. Percentiles under 30 were considered as small, between 30 and 70 as average, and above 70as large. As symmetry was found between contralateral teeth, the mean between the teeth of the two semi-archeswas considered.Results: The mesiodistal tooth sizes of adolescents did not present statistically significant differences betweengenders, in contrast to the two other age groups.Conclusions: Mesiodistal tooth diameters tended to diminish with age, especially in women, in the Spanish population.The values obtained for our dental tables, organized by percentiles, were slightly higher than those foundby Sanin and Savara in an American population, especially for women (AU)

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Dental arch changes from adolescence to adulthood in a spanish population: A cross-sectional study

Objectives: Given the controversy in the literature about the variations in intercanine and intermolar distancesand arch perimeter once the eruption of permanent teeth is completed, the aims of this study were to assess thechanges of these measures with age, analyzing its sexual dimorphism and variability in a Spanish population.Study Design: 188 Spanish individuals distributed in three age groups were selected: 63 adolescents (mean age:14.15 years), 62 young adults (mean age: 21.9 years) and 63 adults (mean age: 40 years). The intercanine and intermolardistances and arch perimeter were measured in each dental cast from each individual of the sample using adigital method. The results were compared between sex and age groups, the sexual dimorphism percentage (%) ofeach measure and its variability coefficient (VC%) were calculated.Results: The results depend on sex and age and, therefore, these two factors will be analyzed jointly for each ofthem with the variation coefficient of the measurement. Intercanine and intermolar distances and arch perimeterwere greater in men than in women, especially in the young adult and adult groups.Conclusions: The intercanine distance and arch perimeter tended to decrease with age particularly in the femalesex, whilst the intermolar distance didn’t undergo significant changes. The intercanine distance is the dimensionthat presented the greatest variability, whereas the intermolar distance presented the least. The changes occur inthe transition from adolescence (14 years of age) to adulthood (22 years of age) and the subsequent alterations arenot relevant (AU)

Estudio comparativo de la fiabilidad y reproducibilidad de los tamaños MEDIODISTA LES y las medidas de la arcada dentaria, entre la tomografía Computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT ) y un método digital / No disponible

Introducción: La introducción de herramientas diagnósticas como Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico (CBCT) y su aplicación clínica a la imagen dentofacial en 3D, es una de las materias más interesantes y más novedosas actualmente en Ortodoncia permitiendo obtener imágenes tridimensionales de los dientes y por lo tanto, realizar mediciones sobre las mismas. Objetivos: Valorar la fiabilidad y reproducibilidad de los tamaños mesiodistales y las medidas de la arcada dentaría, entre un Método Tridimensional (CBCT) y un Método Digital. Material y método: La muestra estaba compuesta de 50 pacientes a los que se les realizó un CBCT como parte de su diagnóstico ortodóncico. El CBCT utilizado fue el Dental Picasso (..) (AU)

Introduction: The introduction of diagnostic tools such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and its clinical application to dentofacial 3D image, is one of the most interesting materials and latest in Orthodontics currently possible to obtain three-dimensional images of the teeth and therefore measurements on them. Objectives: To assess the reliability and reproducibility of tooth size and dental arch measurements between a Three Dimensional Method (CBCT) and a digital one. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 50 patients who underwent a CBCT as part of orthodontic diagnosis. The CBCT used was Picasso Master 3D ®. The images were sent in DICOM format to secure the company’s Web In Vivo Dental (Anatomage, San Jose, California) to obtain three-dimensional images of the models. To make comparative studies were made of plaster study models these (..) (AU)

Influence of first and second premolar extraction or non-extraction treatments on mandibular third molar angulation and position. A comparative study

The mandibular third molar (3M) is the tooth that is most often impacted, with lack of space being one of the reasons. In some orthodontic treatments, premolars are extracted in order to create space. The aims of our study are: firstly, to assess the changes in the angulation and position of the 3M in cases treated either with or without extraction of the first or second premolars; secondly, to analyse the variation in the gonial angle and the degree of inclusion of the 3M; and lastly, to establish a predictive impaction model for 3M. This study included 88 patients:28 patients treated with extractions of first premolars, 30 with second premolars and 30 without.The initial and final orthopantomography was analysed and the angulation of the 3M was measured, a new variable being created to determine the degree of 3M inclusion in the mandibular ramus. The results show that the angulation of 3M improves with time, regardless of treatment, and presents a greater disinclusion in cases treated with extractions. The gonial angle tends to diminish with age in all cases. The conclusions suggest that other factors may influence the angulation and position of 3M and that it is not possible to establish a predictive impaction model (AU)

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Remodeling of the antegonial angle region in the human mandible: A panoramic radiographic cross–sectional study

Objectives: This study analyzed changes in the antegonial region in relation to age, gender, and dental status.Study design: A total of one thousand patients (five hundred males and five hundred females), who were prescribed panoramic radiograph for various purposes were included in the study. The patients were categorized according to age, gender and dentition status. Panoramic radiographs were traced and antegonial angles and depths were measured.Results: A trend of decrease in the antegonial angle and increase in antegonial depth with age was observed in both males and females. Furthermore there were differences between right and left side antegonial angle and depth, with left side angle more than right and right side depth more than left. There was a significant decrease in the values of antegonial angle and significant increase in the values of antegonial depth as the dentition status changed from completely dentulous to partially dentulous and from partially dentulous to completely edentulous state. Conclusions: The antegonial angle decreases with the advancing age and there by increases the antegonial depth.Similar trends are seen when teeth are lost. Further more there is an inherent asymmetry in the antegonial region in right and left side (AU)

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Encuesta sobre el uso de aparatología fija autoligable e individualización de arcos a la forma de arcada del paciente en ortodoncistas españoles / Survey for Spanish orthodontists on the use of self-llgation FIXED appllances AND individualization of archwires to the patient’s arch form

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la situación actual en las clínicas de ortodoncia españolas en el uso de brackets autoligables así como la individualización del arco a la forma de arcada del paciente. Una encuesta online fue distribuida a ortodoncistas [N= 5111 de la Sociedad Española de Ortodoncia [SEDO]. El cuestionario consistía en tres partes, principalmente constituida con preguntas multirespuesta. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el uso de estadísticas descriptivas y los grupos se compararon usando la prueba de independencia Chi-cuadrado. Los resultados de la encuesta muestran que la mayoría de los encuestados trabajan tanto con brackets convencionales como autoligables, siendo la prescripción más utilizada en ortodoncia fija convencional Roth con un 57% y la técnica autoligable más usada Damon con un 62%. Destacaron los modelos de estudio y los registros de cera como métodos por los cuáles los ortodoncistas individualizan los arcos. A pesar de que la mayoría de los encuestados consideraron importante la individualización de los arcos a la forma de arcada del paciente, únicamente la mitad de éstos dicen individualizar los arcos en todos sus pacientes (AU)

The aim of this study was to determine the current situation in Spanish orthodontic clinics concerning the use of self-ligating brackets and the individualization of the archwire according to the palient's arch form. An online survey was distributed to orthodontists IN= 511) of the Spanish Society of Orthodontics ISEDOl. The questionnarie consisted of three parts, mainly containing multiple-choice questions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the groups were compared using the Chi-square test of independence. The results of the survey show that most participants work with both conventional and self-ligating brackets. The most widely used prescription in conventional lixed orthodontics was Roth' s with 57%, and the most widely used technique in sell-ligating brackets was Damon' s with 62%. Dental casts and wax records were the methods favored by orthodontists that individualized archwires. Although most participants considered it important to individualize the archwires to the patient's arch form, only half reported that they individualize archwires in all patients (AU)

A survey of dentists’ practice in the restoration of the shortened dental arch

Objectives: The aim of this survey was to determine how a sample of dentists working in general dental practice inthe UK sought to restore the mouths of patients who had shortened dental arches (SDAs). Study design: A surveywas conducted over a period of six months on four commercial dental laboratories. Cases of SDAs comprising theanterior teeth and 2 to 4 premolars were examined; dental prescriptions were scrutinized and a special data collectionform was completed accordingly. Results: A total of 140 SDA cases were examined. Most of these caseswere for mandibular SDAs (88.6%). Of the recorded SDA cases, 67.2% were restored by cobalt-chromium basedremovable partial dentures (RPD); 25.7% were extended by acrylic-resin based RPDs; implants were provided torestore 8 SDA cases (5.7%); and only two SDA cases (1.4%) were extended by cantilevered fixed bridges. Neitherthe gender of the patient ([Chi (2)= 4.19, p>0.05) nor the length of the SDA ([Chi (2) = 6.51, p>0.05) influenced thechoice of prosthesis to be implemented. Conclusions: It would appear from the results of this survey that amongthe different restorative treatment options for SDA, the RPD was the most popular treatment option for dentistssurveyed in this UK study. Extending the SDA by either an implant-supported prosthesis or cantilevered fixedbridges did not appear to be a popular choice of treatment (AU)

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Microimplantes para enderezamiento de molares inferiores y técnica de los arcos dobles para cierre de mordida abierta anterior: A propósito de un caso / No disponible

Los microimplantes y la técnica de arcos dobles son dos mecánicas de gran utilidad para solventar problemas de complicada resolución con mecánica ortodóncica convencional, como son el enderezamiento de molares inferiores y el cierre de mordida abierta anterior. Se presenta un caso tratado con estas mecánicas en el plazo de 18 meses en el maxilar superior y 12 meses en el maxilar inferior (AU)

Microimplants and double arches are two very useful techniques for solving the problems complicated to solve by using the conventional orthodontics mechanics, such as lower molars up righting and anterior open bite closure. Here a case is presented treated with these mechanics. The treatment lasted 18 months in maxilla and 12 months in mandible (AU)

Efectos de la expansión ortodóncica sobre el perímetro de arcada / No disponible

Introducción. La expansión maxilar es uno de los procedimientos terapéuticos más usados en ortodoncia, debido a que no solo afecta a la dimensión transversal, sino que el crecimiento deficiente del maxilar superior puede expresarse en los tres planos del espacio. Numerosos autores han analizado los efectos a nivel transversal de la expansión maxilar en el perímetro de arcada, sin obtener resultados concluyentes. Objetivos. Este trabajo de investigación estudiará la relación que existe entre la expansión maxilar y la ganancia de perímetro de arcada, es decir, investigará qué ganancia de espacio real, para alinear los dientes, se obtiene con la expansión, independientemente del aparato utilizado y de la cantidad de expansión que haya que realizar. Material y Método. Se han seleccionado 50 pacientes de ambos sexos con compresión maxilar y que han sido sometidos a tratamiento ortodóncico mediante expansión maxilar. Se obtuvieron modelos de escayola de los pacientes antes y después de ser tratados y se realizaron medidas lineales para valorar los cambios en la arcada dentaria superior. Resultados. Existe una correlación significativa entre ambas medidas y que, en promedio, por cada milímetro de expansión que se gana, se incrementa aproximadamente 0,65 mm de perímetro de arcada (pendiente = 0,644).Además, existiría la ordenada de 1,349 que refleja un hipotético aumento de 1,35 mm. de la ordenada al inicio de la expansión. Conclusiones. Por cada milímetro de expansión añadido, se ganará 2/3 en el perímetro de arcada y además son la expansión a nivel canino y premolar las que más influyen en la ganancia de perímetro de arcada (AU)

Introduction. The maxillary expansion is one of the therapeutic procedures most used in orthodontics, due to the fact that not only it concerns the transverse dimension, but the deficient growth of the upper jaw can express in three planes of the space. Numerous authors have analyzed the effects to transverse level of the maxillary expansion in the perimeter of arcade, without obtaining conclusive results. Aims. This work of investigation will study the relation that exists between the maxillary expansion and the profit of arch perimeter , that is to say, will investigate what profit of real space, to align the teeth, obtains with the expansion, independently of the used device and of the quantity of expansion that be necessary to realize. Material and Method. There have been selected 50 patients of both sexes by maxillary compression and that have been submitted to orthodontic treatment by means of maxillary expansion. There were obtained models of stucco of the patients before and after being treated and linear measures were realized to value the changes for the maxillary dental arches. Results. A significant correlation exists between both measures and that, in average, for every millimeter of expansion that is gained, increases approximately 0,65 mm of perimeter of arcade (slope = 0,644). In addition, it would exist arranged as 1,349 that reflects a hypothetical increase of 1,35 mm. Of arranged to the beginning of the expansion. Conclusions. For every millimeter of expansion added, it will be gained 2/3 in the perimeter of arcade and in addition they are the expansion to canine level and premolar those who more influence the profit of perimeter of arcade (AU)

Dimensiones dentales y de arcada del adulto español / Dental and arch dimensions of the spanish adult

El estudio de las dimensiones dentales y de las dimensiones de arcada es la base para los estudios poblacionales en el campo de la odontología. Revisando la literatura existente, la mayor parte de los estudios poblacionales de este tipo se refieren a poblaciones anglosajonas y poblaciones infantiles o juveniles. Con nuestro estudio pretendemos abordar la descripción de las dimensiones dentales y de arcada del adulto español medio. Nuestra muestra consta de 108 registros en los que se estudiaron las principales medidas dentales y de arcada; posteriormente, se realizó el estudio estadístico de la misma. Según los resultados del estudio, las arcadas y los dientes del adulto español medio se ajustan -con sus peculiaridadesa las arcadas y los dientes de las poblaciones caucásicas recogidos con anterioridad (AU)

The study of dental dimensions and of arch dimensions is the basis for population studies in the field of dentistry. Upon review of the existing literature, most population studies of this type refer to Anglo-Saxon populations and child or juvenile populations. With our study, we attempt a description of the dental and arch dimensions of the average Spanish adult. Our sample consists of 108 records in which the main dental and arch measurements were studied; the statistical study was done later. According to the study results, the arches and the teeth of the average Spanish adult fit – with their peculiarities – the arches and teeth of Caucasian populations gathered previously (AU)

Ortodoncia sin fricción. I. Tratamiento de las maloclusiones transversales / No disponible

Un tratamiento ortodóncico conservador sin extracciones, en casos de apiñamiento, debe incluir algún grado de expansión y/o de protrusión dental para aumentar el perímetro del arco. Estrechamiento de las arcadas, apiñamiento y protrusión están interrelacionados, no así el tamaño dentario. La aparición de los brackets de autoligado pasivo y sobre todo el Sistema Damon ha centrado la atención en las posibilidades transversales de esta aparatología obteniéndose en los primeros meses de tratamiento, un aumento significativo de la anchura de ambas arcadas que podría deberse a un enderezamiento de los dientes posteriores y a un cierto grado de desarrollo transversal alveolodentario obtenido a partir de fuerzas muy ligeras, biocompatibles, en un entorno sin fricción. Se presentan 4 casos de maloclusiones transversales, de diferentes tipos y severidad tratados con ortodoncia sin fricción y con unos resultados satisfactorios. Las ventajas sobre la ortodoncia tradicional, con altos niveles de fricción y fuerza. Son las siguientes: Simplicidad de la técnica. No requiere QH, Bp, ni disyuntores. Compatibilidad biológica. Comodidad del paciente. Reducción significativa de los tiempos de tratamientos. Resultados consistentes y con buena estabilidad a corto y medio plazo (AU)

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Utilización de la mascarilla laríngea proseal en un paciente con un aparato de ortodoncia en la arcada dental superior / No disponible

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