Prácticas de encadenamiento productivo de las semillas ancestrales del Resguardo Indígena Quillasinga "Refugio del Sol" del Corregimiento El Encano, Nariño año 2022 / Practices of productive chaining of ancestral seeds of the Quillasinga Indigenous Reservation "Refugio del Sol" of the Corregimiento El Encano, Nariño, 2022

Fundamentos: las semillas ancestrales se establecen como un elemento importante, dado que todo su proceso productivo conlleva un simbolismo de riqueza y conocimiento de los saberes ancestrales como un legado de la población, por tanto, se pretende describir las prácticas productivas semillas ancestrales del Resguardo Indígena Quillasinga "Refugio del Sol del corregimiento El Encano, Nariño 2022. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo con la participación de 23 personas entre 50 y 70 años conocedores de los modelos productivos de las semillas, la información se recolecto por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Resultados: se categorizaron 65 especies de semillas, ubicación y nombre, de igual manera, las principales características de sus modelos de producción, conservación y comercialización. Conclusiones: las prácticas productivas de las semillas muestran la relevancia e importancia de la soberanía alimentaria de los territorios indígenas y como se contribuye a la preservación y rescate de los saberes ancestrales de las comunidades en pro de sus legados. (AU)

Background: ancestral seeds are based as an important element, given that their entire productive process carries a symbolism of wealth and knowledge of ancestral knowledge as a legacy of the population, therefore, it is intended to describe the productive practices of ancestral seeds of the Indigenous Reservation Quillasinga "Shelter from the Sun of the corregimiento El Encano, Nariño 2022. Methods: qualitative, descriptive study with the participation of 23 people between 50 and 70 years old, familiar with the productive models of the seeds, the information is collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: 65 species of seeds, location and name were categorized, in the same way, the main characteristics of their production, conservation and commercialization models. Conclusions: the productive practices of the seeds show the relevance and importance of the food sovereignty of the indigenous territories and how they contribute to the have made and rescue of the ancestral knowledge of the communities in favor of their legacies. (AU)

Positivo a opiáceos en análisis de drogas de abuso en orina tras consumo de semillas de amapola. A propósito de un caso / Positive for opiates in urine drug of abuse test after poppy seed consumption. A case report

Antecedentes y objetivos: las semillas de amapola, cuyo consumo solas o contenidas en ciertos alimentos es considerado seguro en España desde el punto de vista toxicológico, presentan cierta cantidad de alcaloides opiáceos que pueden originar resultados «falsos positivos» en los análisis de drogas de abuso en muestras de orina, como los realizados de forma rutinaria, entre otros colectivos, al personal de las Fuerzas Armadas. A raíz de un caso detectado en el Instituto de Toxicología de la Defensa de resultado positivo a opiáceos en una persona que reportó el consumo de un pan con semillas de amapola, se propuso realizar un estudio de esta problemática y cómo abordarla desde el punto de vista analítico. Material y método: se estudió en dos voluntarios cómo afectó el consumo de dicho pan, analizándose muestras de orina, tanto por métodos de cribado como de confirmación, y se apoyó en una revisión bibliográfica empleando distintas bases de datos especializadas en referencia a la interferencia del consumo de semillas de amapola con las analíticas de drogas de abuso en muestras de orina. Resultados: aplicando el punto de corte de 300 ng/ml recomendado por la European Workplace Drug Testing Society (EWDTS) resultaron presuntamente positivos a opiáceos el 62,5% de los análisis de cribado. En ciertas muestras, el análisis de confirmación identificó codeína por encima del límite de detección establecido en la técnica analítica. La bibliografía apoyó estos resultados. Conclusiones: para abordar analíticamente esta problemática se ha propuesto incrementar, en la técnica analítica de confirmación, el punto de corte de confirmación y, asimismo, como otras posibles medidas a implementar se ha planteado la detección de tebaína como biomarcador específico del consumo de semillas de amapola y/o el incremento del punto de corte hasta los 2000 ng/ml. (AU)

Antecedents and objectives: Poppy seeds, whose consumption alone or contained in certain foods is considered safe in Spain from the toxicological point of view, have different amounts of opioid alkaloids that can cause «false positive» results in the analysis of drugs of abuse in urine samples, such as those routinely performed, among other groups, on Armed Forces personnel. Following a case detected at the Institute of Toxicology of the Defense of a positive result to opiates in a person who reported the consumption of a bread containing poppy seeds, it was proposed to carry out a study of this problem and how to approach it from the analytical point of view. Material and methods: We studied how the consumption of this bread affected to two volunteers, analyzing urine samples by both screening and confirmation methods, and was supported by a literature review using different specialized databases in reference to the interference of the consumption of poppy seeds and products containing them with the analysis of drugs of abuse in urine samples. Results: Using the 300 ng/ml cut-off point, 62% of the screening tests were presumably positive to opiates. In certain samples the confirmatory analysis identified codeine above the established detection limit. The literature supported these results. Conclusions: In order to deal with this problem analytically, it has been proposed to increase the confirmation cut-off level in the analytical confirmatory technique. In addition, the detection of thebaine as a specific biomarker for poppy seed consumption and/or the increase of the cut-off point to 2000 ng/ml has been proposed as other possible measures to be implemented. (AU)

Abnormal degree centrality and functional connectivity in Down syndrome: A resting-state fMRI study

Background/Objective: Neuroimaging studies have shown brain abnormalities in Down syndrome (DS) but have not clarified the underlying mechanisms of dysfunction. Here, we investigated the degree centrality (DC) abnormalities found in the DS group compared with the control group, and we conducted seed-based functional connectivity (FC) with the significant clusters found in DC. Moreover, we used the significant clusters of DC and the seed-based FC to elucidate differences between brain networks in DS compared with controls.Method: The sample comprised 18 persons with DS (M = 28.67, SD = 4.18) and 18 controls (M = 28.56, SD = 4.26). Both samples underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: DC analysis showed increased DC in the DS in temporal and right frontal lobe, as well as in the left caudate and rectus and decreased DC in the DS in regions of the left frontal lobe. Regarding seed-based FC, DS showed increased and decreased FC. Significant differences were also found between networks using Yeo parcellations, showing both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity between and within networks. Conclusions: DC, seed-based FC and brain networks seem altered in DS, finding hypo- and hyperconnectivity depending on the areas. Network analysis revealed between- and within-network differences, and these abnormalities shown in DS could be related to the characteristics of the population. (AU)

Clinical and Immunological Characterization of Perilla Seed Allergy in Children

Background: Perilla seeds are known to cause immediate allergic reactions. However, reports on perilla seed allergy are limited to a few case reports worldwide, and there is currently no diagnostic test for this allergy. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the clinical and immunological characteristics of perilla seed allergy and to identify allergens for the development of diagnostic methods. Methods: Twenty-one children with clinical perilla seed allergy were enrolled from 2 tertiary hospitals between September 2016 and June 2019. Using perilla seed extract, we developed a skin prick test (SPT) and an IgE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for diagnosis of perilla seed allergy. IgE immunoblotting was performed to identify putative allergenic components, and amino acid composition analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: The median age of children with perilla seed allergy was 3 years; the proportion of children with anaphylaxis was 28.6%. SPT was performed with perilla seed in 15 of 21 children, all of whom tested positive. On ELISA, 85.7% of children tested positive for perilla seed-specific IgE. Proteins with molecular weights of 50, 31-35, and 14-16 kDa bound to the sera of >50% of children with perilla seed allergy. LC-MS/MS analysis of these 3 protein fractions showed 8 putative proteins, including perilla oleosin (Accession No. 9963891), to be allergens. Conclusion: This study documented the clinical characteristics and immunological profiles of 21 children with perilla seed allergy. Our results suggest that oleosin is one of the major allergens in perilla seeds (AU)

Antecedentes: Las semillas de perilla pueden causar reacciones alérgicas inmediatas. Sin embargo, existen escasos estudios, limitados a escasos casos clínicos, sin que existan pruebas diagnósticas para esta alergia alimentaria.Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las características clínicas e inmunológicas de los pacientes con alergia a semillas de perilla e identificar los alérgenos responsables con el fin de desarrollar nuevos métodos diagnósticos. Métodos: Se reclutaron 21 niños con alergia a semillas de perilla procedentes de dos hospitales entre septiembre de 2016 y 2019. Se realizaron prick test y determinación de IgE específica in vitro mediante ELISA utilizando un extracto de perilla. Igualmente se realizó immunoblotting para identificar los componentes alergénicos y determinar su composición mediante cromatografía líquida y espectometría de masas (LC-MS/MS). Resultados: Los niños con alergia a perilla tienen una mediana de edad de 3 años. El 28,6% de estos niños presentaron anafilaxia. Se realizó prick test con el extracto de perilla en 15/21 niños con resultado positivo en todos ellos. La IgE específica in vitro mediante ELISA fue positiva en el 85,7% de los casos. Más del 50% de los niños reconocían proteínas de 50, 31–35 y 14–16 kDa. El análisis mediante LC-MS/MS de estas tres fracciones identificó 8 proteínas diferentes, incluyendo una oleosina (Accession No. 9963891), como posibles alérgenos. Conclusiones: Este trabajo describe las características clínicas e inmunológicas de 21 niños con alergia a semillas de perilla. Nuestros resultados sugieren que una oleosina es uno de los alérgenos mayores en los pacientes con alergia a semillas de perilla (AU)

Effect of dietary chia supplementation on glucose metabolism and adipose tissue function markers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease subjects / Efecto de la suplementación de la dieta con chía sobre el metabolismo de la glucosa y marcadores de función del tejido adiposo en sujetos con hígado graso no alcohólico

Background: adipose tissue dysfunction is a key factor for diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Chia (Salvia hispanica) is an abundant source of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and fiber which could improve adipose tissue functionality. Aim: to analyze the effect of an isocaloric chia-supplemented diet on glucose metabolism, adipose tissue inflammation, and endothelial function markers in patients with NAFLD and early stages of diabetes. Methods: in 32 patients with previous NAFLD diagnosis, without known diabetes, the effect of a diet supplemented with ground chia (25 g/day/8 weeks) was evaluated. Visceral (VAF) and liver fat, plasma lipids, fatty acids, and cytokine profiles, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulinogenic index (IGI30), insulin disposition index (DIO), and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) were analyzed. Before and after eight weeks of diet supplementation. Results: chia supplementation promoted increases in plasma alpha-linolenic acid (75 %) and fiber consumption (55 %), and a higher number of EPC (+126 %). Basal OGTT showed that nine patients had normal OGTT, 17 pre-diabetes, and six newly diagnosed diabetes. In patients with diabetes, chia favored a healthier adipose tissue (VAF -7 %, NAFLD -100 %, adiponectin +47 %, resistin -30 %, IL-6 -44 %, IL-1β -22 %) and upturn glucose metabolism through the improvement of beta-cell function (IGI30 +50 %, DIO +66 %). (AU)

Antecedentes: la disfunción del tejido adiposo es un factor clave para el desarrollo de diabetes e hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA). La chía (Salvia hispanica) es una fuente abundante de ácidos grasos omega-3, antioxidantes y fibra, que podrían mejorar la funcionalidad del tejido adiposo. Objetivo: analizar el efecto de una dieta isocalórica suplementada con chía sobre el metabolismo de glucosa y los marcadores de inflamación del tejido adiposo y de función endotelial en pacientes con HGNA y etapas tempranas de diabetes. Métodos: en 32 pacientes con diagnóstico previo de HGNA, pero sin diabetes conocida, se evaluó el efecto de una dieta suplementada con chía molida (25 g/día) sobre la grasa visceral (GAV) y hepática, el perfil de lípidos, los ácidos grasos y las citoquinas en plasma, la prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (OGTT), el índice insulinogénico (IGI30), el índice de disposición de insulina (DIO) y las células progenitoras endoteliales (EPC), antes y después de ocho semanas de suplementación. Resultados: la suplementación con chía promovió aumentos en el consumo de ácido alfa-linolénico en plasma (75 %) y fibra de alta viscosidad (55 %) y un mayor número de EPC (+126 %). La OGTT basal mostró que nueve pacientes tenían curva normal, 17 tenían prediabetes y seis, diabetes de recién diagnóstico. En los pacientes con diabetes, la chía favoreció un tejido adiposo más sano (GAV -7 %, NAFLD -100 %, adiponectina +47 %, resistina -30 %, IL-6 -44 %, IL-1β -22 %) y un aumento del metabolismo de la glucosa a través de la mejora de la función de las células beta (IGI30 +50 %, DIO +66 %). (AU)

Effect of methanol seed extract of Buchholzia coriacea on the leftventricle myocardium ofzidovudine-induced cardiotoxic Wistar rats

The degenerative and inflammatory changes were reported in cardiac tissues of rats exposed to zidovudine (ZDV). This study was designed to ex-amine the histochemical changes in the myocardi-um of adult Wistar rats exposed to ZDV and ad-ministered with methanolic extract of Buchholzia coriacea (MEBC) seed. Forty-eight healthy Wistar rats weighing 150-155 g. were randomly assigned into eight groups of six rats each. Group A served as control and received distilled water; group B received 100 mg/kg of ZDV; group C received 600 mg/kg of MEBC; group D received 100 mg/kg of vitamin C; group E received 100 mg/kg of vitamin C and ZDV; group F received 150 mg/kg of MEBC and 100 mg/kg of ZDV; group G received 300 mg/kg of MEBC and 100 mg/kg of ZDV, and group H received 600 mg/kg of MEBC and 100 mg/kg of ZDV. Treatment lasted for a period of 56 days. Blood was collected separately into clean capped plain tubes for biochemical parameters. Heartswere excised, fixed in 10% formal saline and pro-cessed for histology. ZDV induced a significant increase in the serum concentration of Nitric Oxide (NO) and Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) in the ZDV-alone group when compared to control (p < 0.05). Also, there was reduction in activity of the Glutathi-one reductase (GR) enzyme in the ZDV-alone group relative to control (P = 0.0006, F = 7.0). Distor-tion of the cross banding pattern of cardiac muscle fibres in ZDV-alone group was manifested. These effects were reversed by administration of MEBC compared to vitamin C group

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Anaphylaxis in an 8-year-old boy following the consumption of poppy seed

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Efficacy of a Lupinus mutabilis Sweet snack as complement to conventional type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment / Eficacia de un tentempié de Lupinus mutabilis Sweet como complemento al tratamiento convencional de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Introduction: therapeutic lifestyles changes including frequent consumption of legumes have resulted in improved metabolic control and decreased blood pressure in type 2 diabetes-mellitus (T2DM) patients. Objective: this was a quasi-experimental-28-week crossover-study that assessed the effect of daily consumption of the legume Lupinus mutabilis (LM) on metabolic control of T2DM patients under hypoglycemic oral treatment. Material and methods: we recruited 79 adult male and female patients that were followed for 14-weeks without LM consumption and then received increasing doses of a LM-based-snack for other 14-weeks. Results: there was a significant decrease in blood pressure and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol by the end of the study period. While patients with A1C concentrations > 8 and ≤ 10 did not significantly improve their metabolic control, patients with serum A1C concentrations ≤ 8.0% reduced significantly their A1C after the intervention and 71% achieved a target concentration of 6.5%. Conclusion: patients with T2DM could benefit with the addition of LM-snack to their conventional treatment

Introducción: los cambios recomendados sobre los estilos de vida, incluido el consumo frecuente de leguminosas, han resultado en un mejor control metabólico y disminución de la presión arterial en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2). Objetivo: este fue un estudio casi experimental cruzado de 28 semanas que evaluó el efecto del consumo diario de la leguminosa Lupinus mutabilis Sweet (LM) en el control metabólico de pacientes con DMT2 con tratamiento oral hipoglucemiante. Material y métodos: inicialmente se reclutaron 79 pacientes adultos, hombres y mujeres, que fueron seguidos durante 14 semanas sin consumo de LM y luego recibieron dosis crecientes de un tentempié de LM durante otras 14 semanas. Resultados: se observó una disminución significativa en la presión arterial y un aumento significativo en el colesterol-HDL después del consumo de LM. Mientras que los pacientes con concentraciones de A1C sérica > 8 y ≤ 10 no mejoraron significativamente su control metabólico, los pacientes con concentraciones séricas de A1C ≤ 8,0% redujeron significativamente su A1C después de la intervención y el 71% de estos pacientes llegó a la meta de tratamiento ≤ 6,5%. Conclusión: los pacientes con DMT2 podrían beneficiarse con la adición de un tentempié de LM a su tratamiento convencional

Evaluation of the medical economics and safety: two methods for the endoscopic removal of jujube pits

Objective: to evaluate the medical economics and safety of two methods for the endoscopic removal of jujube pits, one with a transparent cap combined with a stone basket and the other with a transparent cap combined with foreign body forceps. Methods: consecutive patients with a suspected jujube pit ingestion in the esophagus between January 2008 and December 2017 were enrolled into the study. Fifty-three patients who met the criteria were divided into two groups. Group A patients were treated by a transparent cap combined with a stone basket and group B patients were treated by a transparent cap combined with foreign body forceps. The following clinical data were collected: age, sex, location of jujube pits, complications, operation time, extraction success and average hospital costs. Results: a total of 53 patients who met the criteria were enrolled into the study; 29 cases in group A and 24 cases in group B. Endoscopic removal was successful in 98.1% (52/53) of the patients and the remaining 1.9% (1/53) required surgery. Severe complications were less frequent in group A than in group B (p = 0.017). Surgery time was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.647). The extraction success in group A was higher than in group B (p = 0.001). The medical costs including the total cost, inspection, treatment, radiation and drug cost were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05 in all cases). Conclusion: endoscopic baskets are suitable for cases of jujube pit ingestion and have a higher extraction success and a lower proportion of severe complications. Surgery time was not significantly extended and the medical costs did not increase

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Report of a case of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to Fenugreek

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Pulmonary Foreign Body: An Unusual Cause of Recurrent Pneumonia / Cuerpo extraño en pulmón como causa poco frecuente de neumonía recurrente

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Efeitos da ingestão de semente de linhaça e seu possivel efeito hipocolesterolêmico / Effects of linseed intake and its possible hypocholesterolemic effects

Introdução: O colesterol é essencial para a vida. Em excesso no sangue, deposita-se nas paredes das artérias promovendo seu estreitamento ou obstrução. Objetivos: O objetivo foi verificar o possível efeito hipocolesterolêmico da semente de linhaça. Materiais e Métodos: Utilizaram-se 30 ratos Wistar fêmeas divididos em três grupos: Controle, Hipercolesterolêmico, e Linhaça. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: ingestão hídrica; ingestão de ração; peso corporal; gordura peritoneal e níveis de colesterol; Resultados e Discussão: O grupo controle apresentou maior ingestão hídrica (57,46 ± 0,13mL) e ração (30,68 ± 1,96g) quando comparados ao hipercolesterolêmico e linhaça; Para peso corporal total, somente o controle não sofreu alteração; Em relação ao acúmulo de gordura peritoneal, o grupo hipercolesterolêmico se sobressaiu (17,06 ± 3,99g) em comparação ao linhaça e ao controle; para os níveis de colesterol sérico, o grupo controle obteve (1,14 ± 0,14g), sendo observado portanto no grupo linhaça (1,66 ± 0,16g), uma maior aproximação para o resultado do grupo controle do que do hipercolesterolêmico (2,20 ± 6,32g), resultado que nos leva a reconhecer que a linhaça surtiu efeito benéfico sobre o colesterol. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos demonstram benefícios na utilização da semente para redução dos níveis de gordura peritoneal, peso total e colesterol

Introduction: Cholesterol is essential for life, when in excess in blood, is deposited on the artery walls promoting its narrowing or obstruction. Objectives: The objective was to verify the possible hypocholesterolemic effect of linseed. Methods: We used 30 female Wistar rats divided into three groups: control, hypercholesterolemic, and linseed. The evaluated parameters were: water intake, feed intake, body weight, peritoneal fat, and cholesterol levels; Results and Discussion: The results were: the control group had a higher fluid intake (57.46 ± 0.13ml) and feed (30.68 ± 1.96g) when compared to hypercholesterolemic and linseed; for total body weight, only the control group did not change; in relation to the accumulation of peritoneal fat, the hypercholesterolemic group stood out (17.06 ± 3.99g) compared to linseed and control; for serum cholesterol levels, the control group obtained (1.14 ± 0.14g), thus being observed in linseed group (1.66 ± 0.16g), closer to the result of the control group than the hypercholesterolemic (2.20 ± 6.32g), a result that leads us to recognize that linseed has had a beneficial effect on cholesterol.Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrate benefits in the use of the seed to reduce levels of peritoneal fat, total weight and cholesterol

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Evaluación toxicológica de soluciones acuosas de ibuprofeno mediante bioensayos con Artemia salina, Allium schoenoprasum L y Lactuca sativa / Toxicological evaluation of aqueous solutions of ibuprofen through bioassays with Artemia salina, Allium schoenoprasum L y Lactuca sativa

Los fármacos son considerados dentro de los llamados contaminantes emergentes, por lo que es importante investigar los efectos tóxicos que pueden producir en el medio ambiente. Este estudio tuvo como objetivos determinar el efecto tóxico de soluciones acuosas de ibuprofeno sobre un organismo acuático Artemia salina y las semillas de Allium schoenoprasum L y Lactuca sativa. Los ensayos de toxicidad se llevaron a cabo exponiendo a los organismos de prueba a concentraciones de soluciones acuosas de ibuprofeno de 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 y 0.5 mgL-1. Se determinó el porcentaje de mortalidad para la Artemia salina y la elongación de la radícula e hipocótilo para las semillas. El porcentaje de mortalidad más elevado se presentó a la concentración de 20 mgL-1, la CL50 calculada fue de 17.386 mgL-1. Un efecto tóxico bajo se presentó en la germinación de las semillas de Allium schoenoprasum L. Se produjo la inhibición en la elongación de la radícula e hipocótilo en semillas de Allium schoenoprasum L y un efecto de estimulación en la elongación de la radícula e hipocótilo de las semillas de Lactuca sativa. El mayor efecto de inhibición se presentó a 1 y 20 mgL-1 y la mayor estimulación a 20 mgL-1

Drugs are considered within the so-called emerging pollutants, so it is important to investigate the toxic effects they can produce in the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the toxic effect of aqueous solutions of ibuprofen on an aquatic organism Artemia salina and the seeds of Allium schoenoprasum L and Lactuca sativa. The toxicity tests were carried out by exposing the test organisms to concentrations of aqueous ibuprofen solutions of 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 and 0.5 mgL-1. The percentage of mortality for Artemia salina and the elongation of the radicle and hypocotyl for the seeds were determined. The highest mortality percentage occurred at the concentration of 20 mgL-1, the calculated LC50 was 17.386 mgL-1. A low toxic effect was present in the germination of the seeds of Allium schoenoprasum L. There was inhibition in the elongation of the radicle and hypocotyl in seeds of Allium schoenoprasum L and a stimulation effect in the elongation of the radicle and hypocotyl of the seeds of Lactuca sativa. The highest inhibition effect was presented at 1 and 20mgL-1 and the highest stimulation at 20 mgL-1

Identification of lipoproteins from sunflower seeds in 2 monosensitized anaphylaxis patients

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Lichenoid contact dermatitis induced by semen sinapis albae

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Dermatitis caused by ingestion of chia seeds

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Anaphylaxis induced by conlinin, a 2S storage protein in flaxseed

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Nutritional composition of common vegetarian food portions / Composición nutricional de las porciones de alimentos comunes en las dietas vegetarianas

Introduction: A vegan diet can meet nutritional requirements if it is well planned. In this sense, vegans should be advised to choose alternatives to animal products and to select the appropriate respective serving size of them. The nutritional value of traditional plant foods portions is well known, however, the vegetarian market offers other products whose chemical composition is less known, as they are not widely consumed by the population. It is necessary to know both, the nutrient content of portions of these foods, and bioavailability of these nutrients in plant food diets. Objectives: This work aims to refine the available information about the nutritional contribution to the diet of a healthy adult of the main common vegan foods portions. In addition, some points about bioavailability of the most relevant nutrients are discussed, and alternatives proposed to improve nutrient utilization. Methods: Composition data of common vegan foods per 100 g were searched from food composition database, and serving size nutrient composition was calculated. Nutritional data were compared to European dietary reference values for nutrient intakes for adult population, and bioavailability of the most important nutrients was discussed (AU)

Introducción: una dieta vegetariana puede satisfacer las necesidades nutricionales si está bien planificada. En este sentido, los vegetarianos deben ser aconsejados para elegir alimentos alternativos a los productos de origen animal seleccionando el tamaño de porción adecuada de cada uno de ellos. El valor nutricional de las porciones de los alimentos vegetales tradicionales es bien conocido, sin embargo, el mercado vegetariano ofrece otros productos cuya composición química es menos conocida, ya que no son alimentos ampliamente consumidos por la población. Es necesario conocer tanto el contenido de nutrientes de las porciones de estos alimentos como la biodisponibilidad de estos nutrientes en la dieta vegetariana. Objetivos: este trabajo tiene como objetivo mejorar la información disponible sobre el aporte nutricional a la dieta de un adulto sano de las porciones de alimentos utilizados por la población vegetariana. Además, se discuten algunos puntos sobre la biodisponibilidad de los nutrientes más relevantes, y se proponen alternativas para mejorar su utilización. Métodos: los datos de composición de los alimentos veganos, por 100 g, se buscaron en bases de datos de composición de alimentos, y a partir de ellos se calculó la composición química de las porciones. Después, estos datos nutricionales se compararon con las ingestas dietéticas de referencia europeas para la población adulta, y se discutió la biodisponibilidad de los nutrientes más importantes (AU)

Protection by polyphenol extract from olive stones against apoptosis produced by oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma cells / Protección de un extracto de polifenoles de huesos de aceitunas frente a la apoptosis producida por estrés oxidativo en células de neuroblastoma humano

Objective: We evaluated the protective activity of an extract from a by-product such as olive stones, through its ability to inhibit H2 02 induced apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. Material and methods: To such end, 20,000 cells/well were cultivated and differentiation with retinoic acid was initiated. Once the cells were differentiated, apoptosis was induced with and without H2 O2 extract. Finally, cDNA extraction was performed, and pro-apoptotic genes Bax and anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 were analyzed. Quantification of the gene expression was performed using the GAPDH gene marker. Results: Cell viability with the extract is 97.6% (SD 5.7) with 10 mg/l and 62.8% (SD 1.2) to 50 mg/l, using 10 mg/l for the biomarker assay. The retinoic acid differentiated SH-S cell line (10 µM) shows a clear apoptosis when treated with H2 O2 150 µM, with a Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of 3.75 (SD 0.80) in contrast to the differentiated control cells subjected to H2 O2 and with extract, which have the same ratio of 1.02 (SD 0.01-0.03). Conclusion: The olive stone extract shows anti-apoptotic activity in the provoked cell death of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells in their normal state, defending them from oxidative stress which produces a significant increase in the apoptotic gene ratio in contrast to anti-apoptotic genes (Bax/Bcl-2) (AU)

Objetivo: evaluar la actividad protectora del extracto de un subproducto como son los huesos de aceitunas, mediante su capacidad de inhibir la apoptosis en la línea celular humana de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y inducida con H2 O2 . Material y métodos: se han cultivado 20.000 cel/pocillo, iniciando diferenciación con ácido retinoico y, una vez diferenciadas las células, se ha inducido la apoptosis con H2 O2 con extracto y sin presencia del mismo. Finalmente se efectúa la extracción de cDNA y el análisis de los genes proapoptótico Bax y antiapoptótico Bcl-2. La cuantificación de la expresión génica se realiza frente al gen marcador GAPDH. Resultados: la viabilidad celular con el extracto es del 97,6% (SD 5,7) con 10 mg/l y 62,8% (SD 1,2) a 50 mg/l, utilizando 10 mg/l para el ensayo de biomarcadores. Las células de la línea SH-S diferenciadas con ácido retinoico (10 µM), muestran una clara apoptosis al ser tratadas con H2 O2 150 µM, con una relación Bax/Bcl2 de 3,75 (SD 0,80) frente a las células diferenciadas control y sometidas a H2 O2 y con extracto que tienen la misma relación de 1,02 (SD 0,01-0,03). Conclusión: el extracto de huesos de aceitunas presenta una actividad antiapoptótica frente a la provocación de la muerte celular por peróxido de hidrógeno, preservando a las células de neuroblastoma humano SH-SY5Y en su estado de normalidad, al defenderlas del estrés oxidativo que produce un significativo aumento de la relación de genes apoptóticos frente a antiapoptóticos (Bax/Bcl2) (AU)

Ecotoxicidad aguda en semillas de Lactuca sativa L. de antibacterianos con riesgo ambiental / Acute ecotoxicity in seeds of Lactuca sativa L. Antibacterial with environmental risk

En los últimos años existe una creciente preocupación por los efectos que los desechos de los medicamentos producen en el medio ambiente. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la ecotoxicidad aguda de antibacterianos en Lactuca sativa que se vierten a uno de los dos ríos que atraviesan las zonas más urbanizadas de la ciudad de Santa Clara (Cuba). Para esto se realizó un estudio de consumo de los antibacterianos consumidos en el hospital durante un año, se predijo sus concentraciones ambientales mediante un modelo matemático y se determinó su riesgo ecotoxicológico. En el período de estudio se utilizaron 22 antibacterianos, el de mayor consumo fue la ceftriaxona y el de menor la doxiciclina. Todos constituyen un riesgo para el ambiente exceptuando doxiciclina y miconazol. Se observó inhibición de la germinación de Lactuca sativa L. en todos los antibacterianos resaltando el cotrimoxazol con 38.78% (CI50=0.52g/L) y vancomicina la de menor efecto en la inhibición de la germinación con un 8.56% (CI50=44,14g/L). En la mezcla solamente hubo inhibición de la geminación a la mayor concentración evaluada, mientras que en el resto de las concentraciones no se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con respecto al control. El tipo de interacción de la mezcla se clasifica como sinérgica. El vertimiento de residuos de antibacterianos puede ser causa de contaminación ambiental perjudicial

In recent years there is growing concern about the effects that drugs produce waste in the environment. The objective of this research was to evaluate the acute ecotoxicity of antibacterials in Lactuca sativa discharged into one of two rivers that cross the most urbanized areas of the city of Santa Clara (Cuba). For this, a consumer study of antibacterial consumed in the hospital for a year was made, its environmental concentrations predicted by a mathematical model and determined their ecotoxicological risk. In the study period 22 antibacterials were used, the highest consumption was lower ceftriaxone and doxycycline. All pose a risk to the environment except doxycycline and miconazole. inhibition of germination of Lactuca sativa L. was observed in all antibacterial highlighting cotrimoxazole with 38.78% (IC50 = 0.52g / L) and vancomycin the least effect on the inhibition of germination with 8.56% (IC50 = 44,14g / L). In the mixture there was only germination inhibition at the highest concentration tested, while in other concentrations no statistically significant differences were found with respect to control. The type of interaction is classified as synergistic mixture. Shedding of antibiotics residues can cause harmful environmental pollution. while in other concentrations were not statistically significantly different from control is evidenced. The type of interaction is classified as synergistic mixture. Shedding of antibiotics residues can cause harmful environmental pollution. while in other concentrations were not statistically significantly different from control is evidenced. The type of interaction is classified as synergistic mixture. Shedding of antibiotics residues can cause harmful environmental pollution