RESUMO
El arsenal terapéutico para el tratamiento de la hiperglucemia en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 aún es insuficiente. Actualmente asistimos a la introducción de una nueva vía en el tratamiento hipoglucemiante a través de la inducción de glucosuria para disminuir la disponibilidad del sustrato metabólico, esto es, la glucosa. Los inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio/glucosa tipo 2 han mostrado en los ensayos clínicos una eficacia comparable a otros fármacos hipoglucemiantes orales. En este artículo se discuten los aspectos básicos generales de este nuevo concepto de tratamiento, y de la eficacia y seguridad de este nuevo grupo terapéutico (AU)
The therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus is still inadequate. We are currently witnessing the introduction of a new mode of hypoglycemic treatment through induction of glycosuria to decrease the availability of the metabolic substrate, i.e. glucose. Clinical trials have shown that sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are as efficacious as other oral hypoglycemic drugs. This article discusses the basic features of this new treatment concept and the efficacy and safety of this new drug group (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Ratos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Túbulos Renais Proximais , Túbulos Renais Proximais/metabolismo , Transportador 2 de Glucose-Sódio/antagonistas & inibidores , Transportador 2 de Glucose-Sódio/genética , Transportador 2 de Glucose-Sódio/fisiologia , Glicosúria/induzido quimicamente , Adsorção , Compostos Benzidrílicos/farmacologia , Compostos Benzidrílicos/uso terapêutico , Transporte Biológico Ativo , Drogas em Investigação/farmacologia , Drogas em Investigação/uso terapêutico , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Glucosídeos/uso terapêutico , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Glicosídeos/uso terapêutico , Glicosúria Renal/genética , Glicosúria Renal/metabolismo , Malus/química , Florizina/isolamento & purificação , Florizina/uso terapêutico , Casca de Planta/química , Tiofenos/farmacologia , Tiofenos/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos Fase III como AssuntoRESUMO
A thermotolerant and halotolerant strain of Pycnoporus sanguineus was isolated from an oil-polluted site in a tropical area located in Veracruz, Mexico. This strain was able to grow at 47 degrees C and in culture medium containing 500 mM NaCl. The strain was also tolerant to the presence of 30,000 ppm of crude Maya oil. A 68-kDa protein purified from submerged cultures exhibited laccase activity towards 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), guaiacol, syringaldazine, and o-dianisidine, for which it presented the highest affinity (Km = 43 microM). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis showed that, unusual for laccases, the enzyme has two active isoforms, with isoelectric points of 7.00 and 7.08. The purified enzyme showed high thermostability, retaining 40% of its original activity after 3 h at 60 degrees C. This property seems to correlate with a long «shelf-life», given that at 40 degrees C enzyme activity was only gradually lost over a 5-day period incubation. Both the fungus and its laccase are likely to have high potential for biotechnological applications (AU)
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Assuntos
Poluição Ambiental , Lacase/biossíntese , Petróleo , Polyporaceae/enzimologia , Casca de Planta/microbiologia , Temperatura Alta , Clima Tropical , México , Isoenzimas/biossíntese , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Estabilidade Enzimática , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologiaRESUMO
The cork stopper manufacturing process includes an operation, known as stabilisation, by which humid cork slabs are extensively colonised by fungi. The effects of fungal growth on cork are not completely understood although they are considered to be involved in the so-called "cork taint" of wine. It is essential to (a) identify environmental constraints which define the appearance of the colonising fungal species and (b) trace their origin to the forest and/or the manufacturing space. The present article correlates two sets of data, from consecutive years and the same season, of systematic sampling of two manufacturing units, located in the North and South of Portugal. Chrysonilia sitophila dominance was confirmed, followed by a high diversity of Penicillium species. Penicillium glabrum, which was found in all samples, was the most frequently isolated species. P. glabrum intra-species variability was investigated using DNA fingerprinting techniques revealing highly discriminative polymorphic markers in the genome. Cluster analysis of P. glabrum data was discussed in relation to the geographical location of strains, and results suggest that P. glabrum arise from predominantly the manufacturing space, although cork specific fungi can contribute(AU)
