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1.
Int. microbiol ; 26(4): 1113-1121, Nov. 2023. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-227496

RESUMO

Mines on tree leaves and undamaged leaves were studied to investigate yeast complexes in urban areas (Aesculus hippocastanum, miner — Cameraria ohridella; Betula verrucosa, miner — Caloptilia betulicola; Populus nigra, miner — Lithocolletis populifoliella; Quercus robur, miner — Tischeria companella; Salix caprea, miner — Trachys minuta; Syringa vulgaris, miner — Caloptilia syringella; Tilia cordata, miner — Phyllonorycter issikii; Ulmus laevis, miner — Carpatolechia fugitivella). The abundance and taxonomic structure of yeasts were studied using a surface plating method on solid media (GPY agar). Identification of yeast species was based on the ITS rDNA nucleotide sequence. The average abundance of yeasts during the first stages of mine formation in the internal tissues of leaves was 103 cfu/g. After 23–25 days, during the last stage of larval metamorphosis before mine destruction, the abundance of yeasts in the mines increased by two orders of magnitude to 105 cfu/g. No significant differences were observed in the abundance of yeasts in mines formed by different insects on different trees. A total of twelve yeast species were observed. The fast-growing ascomycetous yeasts Hanseniaspora uvarum and H. occidentalis dominated the mines. On undamaged leaves, the basidiomycetous yeasts Papiliotrema flavescens and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, typical in the phyllosphere, dominated. The opportunistic yeast Candida parapsilosis was detected in the yeast complexes of all mines examined and was not found on the surface of leaves. Comparison of the relative abundance of yeast species between the studied mines and undamaged leaves using principal component analysis showed that all studied yeast communities in the mines were significantly different from the epiphytic yeast complexes of the undamaged leaves. Thus, miners in urban environments provoke the formation of short-lived endophytic yeast complexes with high abundance of Hanseniaspora. For leaf miners, the yeasts serve primarily as a food source for insect larvae rich in vitamins and amino acids. The adult leaf miners, in turn, contribute to the reproduction of the yeasts and create favorable conditions for their development.(AU)


Assuntos
Leveduras/genética , Árvores , Área Urbana , Folhas de Planta , Classificação , Candida parapsilosis , Microbiologia do Solo , Microbiologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas
2.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 23(4): 718-730, abr. 2021. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-220907

RESUMO

Background With 9.6 million deaths in 2018, cancer remains the second leading cause of death worldwide. Breast cancer is the most deadly type of cancer among females, with 55.2% of crude incidence rate and 16.6% of crude mortality rate. Purpose The present study was aimed to investigate the anti-breast cancer potential of natural dietary flavonoid, apigenin isolated from Clerodendrum viscosum leaves. Methods Apigenin was evaluated for in-depth anticancer activity in MCF-7 cells using cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, Annexin-V-FLUOS staining, ROS induction, morphological analysis, and western blot analysis. Results Apigenin showed selective cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells with an IC50-56.72 ± 2.35 µM, while negligible cytotoxicity was observed on WI-38 cells. Further, the flow cytometer-based analysis showed that apigenin halted MCF-7 cells in the G2/M phase arrest followed by dose-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, the FACS and confocal microscopy results confirmed the elevation of intracellular ROS and nuclear fragmentation in apigenin-treated MCF-7 cells. Western blots showed up-regulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins, increased p53 expression, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activation of caspases, and cleavage of PARP. Finally, apigenin treatment in the presence of Pifithrin-µ showed decreased apoptotic population and it was further confirmed through western blotting study. The results revealed the vital role of p53 in apigenin-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Conclusions In the present findings, treatment of apigenin-induced intracellular ROS in MCF-7 cells followed by induction of G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and further apoptosis through the regulation of p53 and caspase-cascade signaling pathway (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Apigenina/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Caspases/metabolismo , Clerodendrum/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Fragmentação do DNA , Citometria de Fluxo , Folhas de Planta/química , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53
3.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 35(supl. 2): S191-S195, 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-220937

RESUMO

Objective: This study analyzes whether anemia in pregnant women improves with indicators of increased hemoglobin, intake of iron and zinc when intervened with biscuits contain Moringa oleifera leaf flour. Method: It was Quasy experiment carried out at Antang, Mamajang and Batua Public Health Center in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The subject were the pregnant women of Trimester I and III trimesters which are divided into 2 groups with the intervention Group (n = 35) obtained M. oleifera leaf flour biscuits with combination iron tablet and the control group (n = 35) only accept FE tablets. Intervention group was given biscuits containing 40% moringa leaf flour (2.8 g per biscuits) with a dose of 2 pieces a day containing Moringa leaf flour and a combination of iron tablets with a dose of 2 times 250 mg, while the control group only consumed iron tablets at a dose of 2 times 250 mg. After 60 days, a posttest was carried out to examine hemoglobin, iron and zinc. Result: The results showed that there was a significance increasing of hemoglobin after intervention (1.04 g/dl, p = 0.001), increasing of iron intake significantly (2.51 mg, p = 0.001) and zinc intake (0.14 mg, p = 0.144) also increas but not statistically significant. The increase in these three indicators was higher than the control group. Conclusion: Biscuits containing M. oleifera leaf flour are able to provide improvement in the condition of pregnant mothers who have anemia, especially in hemoglobin levels, iron and zinc intake. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Anemia/tratamento farmacológico , Moringa oleifera , Farinha/análise , Folhas de Planta , Gestantes , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 35(supl. 2): S206-S210, 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-220941

RESUMO

Background: Moringa Oleifera leaves contain nutrients such as proteins, iron, and vitamin C that potentially prevent anemia more common in pregnant women. In the manufacture of cookies that are substituted Moringa Oleifera leaf flour substitution, 40% obtained Fe levels 22.68 ppm so that it can be developed to prevent anemia. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of giving biscuits (cookies) Moringa Oleifera leaf flour to index erythrocytes (MCH, MCHC, MCV) of pregnant women with anemia. Method: It was a quasi-experiment research with design nonequivalent Control Group design. The research was conducted at Antang, Mamajang, and Batua Public Health Center in Makassar, examination of hematology analyzer in the Clinic Pathology Laboratory of Universitas Hasanuddin Hospital. Sampling techniques using purposive sampling. Samples were pregnant women with trimester I and III anemia amounted to 25 samples on the biscuit moringa group and 25 samples in the control group. Data were analyzed using test Paired T-Test, T-Test Independent, Wilcoxon, and Mann – U Withney. Result: Characteristics of age, gestational age, income, physical activity, education, and parity of both groups has been comparable before the treatment with the value p > 0.05, with most of the samples aged 20–35 years having a pregnancy age of 4–8 weeks, income IDR 1 million – IDR. 2 million, activity score Baecke 6.00–7.25, Senior High School education, parity >1. A significant average increase in the value of MCH from 27.55 to 28.00 and MCV from 78.57 to 78.93 in the group provided biscuits (cookies) of Moringa Oleifera leaf flour with p-value <0.05, in the control group, occurred an average but insignificant increase with p-value >0.05. The MCHC Group control and biscuit moringa group had an average increase, but both were not statistically significant, p > 0.05. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Moringa oleifera , Anemia , Eritrócitos , Farinha/análise , Folhas de Planta
5.
Ars pharm ; 61(4): 209-213, oct.-dic. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-195233

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los extractos acuosos de las hojas de Jatropha gossypifolia L. son utilizados de forma tradicional en el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis. No existen informes concluyentes sobre su efectividad y su citotoxicidad aunque en estudios recientes ha quedado avalada la utilidad de la planta en el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis utilizando otros solventes. MÉTODO: Se determinó la actividad leishmanicida y la citotoxicidad de los extractos acuosos e hidroalcohólicos de las hojas de Jatropha gossypifolia L. utilizando el método de fluorescencia de la resazurina en promastigotes de Leishmania amazonensis y macrófagos peritoneales de ratón Balb/c respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron unas concentraciones inhibitorias 50 de 0.28 Mig/mL ± 0,15 Mig/mL (n = 3) y 0.59 Mig/mL ± 0,26 Mig/mL (n = 3) para el extracto acuoso e hidroalcohólico respectivamente, aunque no se presentó actividad parasiticida a ninguna de las concentraciones evaluadas. De igual manera las concentraciones citotóxicas 50 obtenidas fueron de 0.91 Mig/mL ± 0,11 Mig/mL (n = 3) y 0.57 Mig/mL ± 0,12 Mig/ml (n = 3).CONCLUSIONES: El extracto acuoso resulta ser más eficaz y menos citotóxico frente a los promastigotes de Leishmania amazonensis. Dichos resultados avalan la utilización tópica de los extractos en su formulación tradicional para el tratamiento de la leishmaniosis cutánea


INTRODUCTION: Aqueous extracts of the leaves of Jatropha gossypifolia L. are traditionally used in the treatment of leishmaniasis. These extracts do not have conclusive reports related to their effectiveness and their cytotoxicity although in recent studies the utility of the plant in the treatment of leishmaniasis using other solvents has been supported. METHOD: The antileishmanial activity and the cytotoxicity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves of Jatropha gossypifolia L. were determined using the resazurine fluorescence method. Both, promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and peritoneal macrophages of Balb/c mouse were studied. RESULTS: The half-maximal inhibitory concentration for the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract was 0.28 Mig/mL ± 0.15 Mig/mL (n = 3) and 0.59 Mig/mL ± 0.26 Mig/mL (n = 3) respectively, although they did not show parasiticide activity at any of the evaluated concentrations. Similarly, the mean cytotoxic concentrations obtained were 0.91 Mig/mL ± 0.11 Mig/mL (n = 3) and 0.57 Mig/mL ± 0.12 Mig/ml (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS: The aqueous extract was more effective and less cytotoxic against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. The results obtained support the traditional use of the extracts by topical application in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis


Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Jatropha/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Leishmania mexicana/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Folhas de Planta/química , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
7.
J. physiol. biochem ; 74(1): 171-177, feb. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-178929

RESUMO

The infusion tea extracted from the leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis can be used in the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and aging, while adriamycin (ADR) is an anticancer drug that increases oxidative stress in cells. The present study evaluated the protective effect of the long-term consumption of white tea used at two different doses against the oxidative stress produced by aging and acute oxidation caused ADR treatment. At wearing, rats received distilled water (control), or 0.15 (dose 1) or 0.45 mg (dose 2) of solid tea extract/kilogram body weight in their drink. At 12 months, about half of the rats of each group were injected with a bolus of ADR, and six rats of the control group with an injection of saline solution and sacrificed. The rest of the animals continued in their cages until 24 months of age, when they were sacrificed. Lipid and protein oxidation of liver and brain microsomes was analyzed by measuring hydroperoxide and carbonyl levels. White tea consumption for 12 months at a non-pharmacological dose was seen to reverse the oxidative damage caused by ADR in both liver and brain, while the consumption of white tea for 20 months at a non-pharmacological dose had no effect on carbonyl or hydroperoxides in these tissues. The long-term ingestion of white tea protected tissues from acute oxidative stress but did not affect chronic oxidative agents such aging


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Ratos , Envelhecimento , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Camellia sinensis/química , Cérebro , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Estresse Oxidativo , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Folhas de Planta/química , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Cérebro/metabolismo , Microssomos Hepáticos , Pigmentos Biológicos/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Carbonilação Proteica
8.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(1): 242-249, jul. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-141366

RESUMO

Objetivo: evaluar el posible efecto hipotensor en sujetos pre-hipertensos e hipertensos, de un extracto de hoja de olivo (EHO) estandarizado al 15% (m/m) en oleoeuropeína y con un contenido medio del 10% (m/m) en ácidos triterpénicos y del 1% (m/m) en hidroxitirosol. Asimismo, se ha valorado su acción sobre el estatus antioxidante y el perfil lipídico sanguíneos. Material y métodos: se ha llevado a cabo un ensayo de intervención en humanos con administración de 1.600 mg de extracto/día. Los parámetros evaluados han sido presión sistólica y diastólica, retardo de la oxidación del colesterol LDL (lag time) y niveles sanguíneos de óxido nítrico (NO), malondialdehído (MDA), capacidad antioxidante (CAO), perfil lipídico, glucosa, transaminasas y creatinina. Resultados: se observó en todos los sujetos una disminución estadísticamente significativa de la presión sistólica y diastólica, y un aumento de los niveles de NO (P<0,050). En los sujetos con presión sistólica más elevada también se redujo significativamente su valor tras la intervención (P=0,002). El «lag time» de las LDL aumentó significativamente (P=0,047), y en todos los sujetos los niveles de colesterol (CHO) se redujeron significativamente. Los niveles de colesterol LDL, triglicéridos (TG) y del índice CHO/colesterol HDL disminuyeron con tendencia a la significancia (P=0,076; P=0,059; P=0,056; respectivamente). Conclusión: este estudio, aunque preliminar, pone de relieve por primera vez la influencia positiva del EHO ensayado en la regulación de la hipertensión así como en la velocidad de oxidación de las LDL y en el perfil lipídico sanguíneo (AU)


Objective: to evaluate the possible hypotensive effect in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive subjects of an olive leaf extract (OLE) standardized to 15% (w/w) in oleoeuropein, and with a 10% (w/w) mean content of triterpenic acids and 1% (w/w) in hydroxytirosol. Moreover, the possible effects on the blood antioxidant status and lipid profile have been also evaluated. Materials and methods: this interventional study has been performed in human volunteers, to whom 1600 mg OLE/days, was administered. The analyzed parameters at the beginning and end of the study were diastolic and systolic pressure, delay in the LDL-cholesterol oxidation «lag time» and blood levels of nitric oxide (NO), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant capacity (AOC) lipid profile, glucose, transaminases and creatinine. Results: a decrease in the diastolic and systolic pressure, and an increase in the NO values all statistically significant (CHO) for all volunteers, was found. In volunteers with higher systolic pressure their levels were also significantly diminished after the intervention trial (P=0,002). The LDL lag time increased significantly (P=0,047). Additionally, in all volunteers CHO levels were significantly decreased, and those of LDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and the CHO/HDL cholesterol ratio were diminished with a tendency to the significance (P=0,076; P=0,059; P=0,056; respectively). Conclusions: this preliminary study reports by the first time the positive influence of the OLE assayed in the regulation of the hypertension, LDL lag time and blood lipid profile. Therefore, further studies are of great interest (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacocinética , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacocinética , Extratos Vegetais/farmacocinética , Folhas de Planta , Olea , Triterpenos/farmacocinética
9.
Nutr. hosp ; 31(3): 1427-1433, mar. 2015. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-134447

RESUMO

Introduction: The phenolic compounds present in olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) confer benefits to the human health. Objectives: To review the scientific literature about the benefits of the polyphenols of olive leaves to human health. Method: Literature review in the LILACS-BIREME, SciELO and MEDLINE databases for publications in English, Portuguese and Spanish with the descriptors 'Olea europaea', 'olive leaves', 'olive leaf', 'olive leaves extracts', 'olive leaf extracts', 'phenolic compounds', 'polyphenols', 'oleuropein', 'chemical composition', and 'health'. There were identified 92 articles, but only 38 related to the objectives of the study and 9 articles cited in the works were included due to their relevance. Results and discussion: The phenolic compounds present in olive leaves, especially the oleuropein, are associated to antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and cardioprotective activity. Furthermore, studies associate the oleuropein to an anti-inflammatory effect in trauma of the bone marrow and as a support in the treatment of obesity (AU)


Introducción: Los compuestos fenólicos presentes en las hojas del olivo (olea europaea l.) conferir beneficios para la salud humana. Objetivos: Revisar la literatura científica sobre los beneficios de los polifenoles de hojas de olivo para la salud humana. Método: Revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos lilacs-bireme, scielo y medline para publicaciones en inglés, portugués y español con los descriptores 'olea europaea', 'hojas de olivo', 'hoja de olivo', 'hojas de olivo extractos', 'los extractos de hoja de olivo', 'compuestos fenólicos', 'polifenoles', 'oleuropeína', 'composición quí-mica', y 'salud'. Se identificaron 92 artículos, pero sólo 38 en relación con los objetivos del estudio y 9 artículos citados en las obras se incluyeron debido a su relevancia. Resultados y discusión: Los compuestos fenólicos presentes en las hojas del olivo, especialmente la oleuropeína, se asocian a antioxidante, antihipertensivo, hipoglucemiante, actividad hipocolesterolémico y cardioprotector. además, los estudios asocian la oleuropeína a un efecto anti-inflamatorio en trauma de la médula ósea y como soporte en el tratamiento de la obesidad (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Polifenóis/farmacocinética , Olea , Extratos Vegetais/farmacocinética , Alimentos Orgânicos , Olea/anatomia & histologia , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificação , Medicamento Fitoterápico , Folhas de Planta , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Anti-Inflamatórios/análise , Fitoterapia , Fármacos Antiobesidade/análise , Anti-Hipertensivos/análise
10.
Ars pharm ; 48(2): 135-144, 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-055158

RESUMO

Con el fi n de evaluar científi camente algunos de los usos tradicionales de la buganvilla (Bougainvillea glabra Choisy), se realizó el presente estudio para examinar los efectos antidiarreicos, antiulcerosos y antimicrobianos del extracto acuoso, etanólico y acetónico de sus hojas. Se probó la actividad antidiarreica en un modelo de diarrea inducida con aceite de ricino en ratas y se utilizó loperamida (3 mg/kg) como estándar de referencia. Se determinó la acción antiulcerosa mediante un modelo de úlcera inducida con alcohol y se utilizó omeprazol (10 mg/kg) como estándar. Ambos estudios se realizaron con dos niveles de dosis, 200 mg/kg y 400 mg/kg, respectivamente. La actividad antimicrobiana se estudió mediante un método de difusión en disco con una concentración de 500 ìg/disco de extracto, utilizando ofl oxacina (5 ìg/disco) como estándar. Los organismos utilizados fueron Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus y Proteus vulgaris, y se determinó la zona de inhibición. Los extractos de plantas mostraron una signifi cativa acción antidiarreica, antiulcerosa y antimicrobiana en el presente estudio. Los resultados obtenidos corroboran lo sostenido por los profesionales de la medicina locales


In order to scientifi cally appraise some of the folkloric uses of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, the present study was undertaken to examine the anti-diarrhoeal, antiulcer and antimicrobial activities of acetone, ethanolic and aqueous extract of leaves. Anti-diarrhoeal activity was tested in Castor oil induced diarrhea model using rats and Loperamide (3 mg/kg) was used as reference standard. The antiulcer activity was determined using alcohol induced ulcer model and Omeprazole 10 mg/ kg was used as the standard. Both the studies were carried out at two dose level, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively. Antimicrobial activity was done by disc diffusion method at a concentration of 500 ìg/disc of the extract, using ofl oxacin (5 ìg/disc) as the standard. The organisms used were Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris and the zone of inhibition was determined. The plant extracts showed signifi cant anti-diarrhoeal, antiulcer and antimicrobial activities in the present study. The results obtained support the claim of local medical practitioners


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antiulcerosos/isolamento & purificação , Antidiarreicos/isolamento & purificação , Nyctaginaceae/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia
11.
Rev. fitoter ; 6(2): 161-163, oct. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051365

RESUMO

Erica scoparia L. es una especie autóctona del matorral mediterráneo de la cual no se han realizado hasta el momento ningún estudio farmacológico para valorar su posible potencial medicinal. Se obtienen los extractos metanólico y hexánico de las hojas en las que se aíslan triterpenos con esqueletos de tipo lupano y ursano. Se ha demostrado que estos extractos no son tóxicos y han presentado actividad analgésica según la prueba de la Placa Caliente


Erica scoparia L. is and endemic mediterranean taxon. However non pharmacological studies have been carried out on this specie. The metanolic and hexanic extracts were obtained of Erica scoparia L., leaves where triterpenes are present with lupane and ursolic skeletons type. In addition, these extracts are not toxic and have demonstrated analgesic activity according to Hot Plate test


Assuntos
Humanos , Ericaceae/química , Ericaceae/classificação , Analgésicos/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de Planta/química
12.
Rev. fitoter ; 6(1): 29-43, jul. 2006. ilus, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051275

RESUMO

Maytenus ilicifolia, (conocida como congorosa en español y espinheira-santa en portugués), es un arbusto silvestre que crece en países Sudamericanos, principalmente en el Sur de Brasil (Mata Atlántica), Este de Argentina, Centro y Este de Uruguay y Sur de Paraguay. Famosa entre los aborígenes de principios del siglo XIX como planta anticancerígena, hoy día la hoja de congorosa (Mayteni folium) es una droga utilizada para tratar problemas digestivos en forma de infusión. En Brasil constituye fitofármaco indicado principalmente en el tratamiento de la ulcera gástrica. Al respecto, numerosas investigaciones han demostrado las propiedades antiulcerogénicas, las cuales parecen estar relacionadas con la presencia de dos clases de compuestos: fenoles y triterpenos. Recientemente, la hoja de M. ilicifolia ha sido incorporada en Atención Primaria de Salud, tanto en Argentina como en el Brasil


Maytenus ilicifolia, (know as congorosa in Spanish and espinheira-santa in Portuguese) is a wild shrub that grows in South American countries, especially in South Brazil (Mata Atlántica), eastern Argentine, eastern and centre of Uruguay and South of Paraguay. Used by the indigenous people as anticancer plant in the beginning of XIX century, nowadays the leaves of M. ilicifolia (Mayteni folium) is employed as tea for the treatment of digestive aliments for stomach and ulcer illness treatment. In Brazil there is it is a phytomedicine indicated mainly for gastric ulcers. Several researches have demonstrated the antiulcerogenic properties, which seems to be closely related to the presence of two classes of substances: phenols and triterpenes. Recently, M. ilicifolia was incorporated in primary health care in Brazil as well as in Argentine


Assuntos
Humanos , Maytenus/química , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Plantas Medicinais , Bebidas , Folhas de Planta/química , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Argentina , Brasil
13.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 32(6): 344-351, nov. 2004.
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-36817

RESUMO

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the pollution level of the occupational environment and to investigate the effects of occupational exposure to tobacco dust on the respiratory system of tobacco workers. No such study has previously been conducted in Greece, which is one of the main tobacco-producing countries. Methods: A total of 1,020 seasonal and permanent tobacco workers (188 men and 832 women) were studied in a factory in Thessaloniki. The study included: 1) completion of a questionnaire (British Medical Research Council 1986), 2) spirometry and 3) rhinomanometry. At the same time, tobacco dust levels in the working environment were measured. As controls, 469 workers (87 men and 382 women) at a Thessaloniki hospital were used. Seventy six workers with nasal symptoms underwent: 1) special nasal provocation test with tobacco dust antigen, 2) skin prick tests, and 3) measurement of total IgE, specific IgE and specific IgG against tobacco protein. Results: Very high levels of total suspended dust were found in work site air (45.3-54.4 mg/m3). The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 8.7 % versus 20.6 % in controls. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was found in 13 workers (1.3 %) and in 16 controls (3.4 %). FEV1 %pred, FVC %pred and the FEV1/FVC ratio were lower in controls, whereas FEF25-75 % %pred was lower in workers. There were no workers with bronchial asthma or extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Rhinitis was reported by 27.3 % of the workers versus 17.9 % of controls, whereas nasal flows were 563±211 versus 645 ± 321 ml/sec, respectively. According to the results of skin prick tests, six workers were sensitized to dried tobacco leaf dust. Conclusions: The results of our study do not support an association between the development of chronic diseases of the lower respiratory system and pollutants associated with the processing of dried tobacco leaves. In contrast, an association between disorders of the upper airways and tobacco dust in work sites is postulated (AU)


Objetivos: El propósito del estudio era examinar el nivel de contaminación del entorno de trabajo e investigar los efectos de la exposición laboral al polvo de tabaco sobre el aparato respiratorio de los trabajadores de la industria tabacalera. Fue el primer estudio de estas características realizado en Grecia, uno de los principales países productores de tabaco. Métodos: Se estudiaron los casos de 1.020 trabajadores temporales y permanentes de la industria tabacalera (188 hombres y 832 mujeres) en una fábrica de Tesalónica. El estudio consistió en los siguientes pasos: 1) cumplimentar un cuestionario (Consejo Bri- tánico de Investigaciones Médicas, 1986); 2) espirometría, y 3) rinomanometría. Al mismo tiempo, se midieron los niveles de polvo de tabaco en el entorno de trabajo. Se emplearon como controles 469 trabajadores (87 hombres y 382 mujeres) del hospital de Tesalónica. Se sometieron 76 trabajadores con síntomas nasales a los siguientes procedimientos: 1) prueba de provocación nasal especial con polvo de tabaco como antígeno; 2) pruebas cutáneas, y 3) medición de la IgE total, la IgE específica y la IgG específica contra proteína de tabaco. Resultados: En el aire del entorno de trabajo se observaron niveles muy elevados de polvo suspendido total (45,3-54,4 mg/m3). La prevalencia de la bronquitis crónica era del 8,7 por ciento, frente al 20,6 por ciento de los controles. Se observó enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) en 13 trabajadores (1,3 por ciento) y en 16 controles (3,4 por ciento). Los valores del porcentaje predicho de FEV1y FVC, así como el cociente FEV1/FVC resultaron inferiores en los controles, mientras que el porcentaje predicho de FEF25-75 por ciento era inferior en los trabajadores. Ningún trabajador presentaba asma bronquial ni alveolitis alérgica extrínseca. Se observó rinitis en un 27,3 por ciento de los trabajadores frente al 17,9 por ciento de los controles, mientras que los flujos nasales resultaron ser de 563ñ211 frente a 645ñ321 ml/seg, respectivamente. Según las pruebas cutáneas, 6 trabajadores presentaban sensibilidad al polvo de las hojas secas de tabaco. Conclusiones: Los resultados de nuestro estudio no respaldan una relación entre el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas del tracto respiratorio inferior y los contaminantes asociados a la manipulación de hojas secas de tabaco. En cambio, se postula una asociación entre los trastornos del tracto respiratorio superior y el polvo de tabaco de los entornos de trabajo (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Poeira , Ocupações , Inquéritos e Questionários , Doenças Respiratórias , Tabaco , Rinomanometria , Rinite Alérgica Perene , Imunoglobulina E , Espirometria , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar , Bronquite , Arquitetura de Instituições de Saúde , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Grécia , Dessecação , Testes Cutâneos , Testes de Provocação Nasal , Doenças Profissionais , Folhas de Planta , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados
14.
Eur. j. psychiatry (Ed. esp.) ; 17(2): 78-87, abr. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-30573

RESUMO

El Khat es un árbol de hoja perenne que crece en determinados lugares del Este de África y de la Península Arábiga. Las hojas del Khat contienen efectos estimulantes y se mastican con frecuencia en aquellos países en donde crece. Debido a la disponibilidad del transporte aéreo, esta droga se ha extendido a la Europa Occidental y a América. En este artículo revisaremos todos aquellos aspectos relacionados con las consecuencias del Khat, su uso y su abuso en los diferentes lugares del mundo (AU)


Assuntos
Problemas Sociais/prevenção & controle , Problemas Sociais/psicologia , Estomatite/complicações , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Catha/toxicidade , Catha/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta , Plantas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/história , Folhas de Planta/química
15.
Int. microbiol ; 6(1): 17-26, mar. 2003. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-32703

RESUMO

A stress-induced «mycosome» phase of Aureobasidium pullulans consisting of minute reproductive propagules that may revert directly to walled yeast cells is described. Mycosomes detected by light- and electron-microscopy reproduce within senescent plant plastids, and display three developmental pathways: wall-less cells (protoplasts), yeast cells, or membrane-bounded spherules that harbor plastids. Widespread in plant and algal cells, mycosomes are produced by both ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi (AU)


En este artículo se describe una fase «micosómica» inducida por estrés en Aureobasidium pullulans, consistente en minúsculos propágulos reproductivos que pueden revertir directamente a células de levadura con pared. Los micosomas, detectados por microscopía óptica y electrónica, se reproducen en el interior de plástidos senescentes en plantas, y muestran tres tipos de desarrollo diferentes: células sin pared (protoplastos), células de levadura, y esférulas rodeadas por membrana que contienen plástidos. Muy extendidos en células de plantas o algas, los micosomas son producidos por hongos ascomicetes o basidiomicetes (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Modelos Teóricos , Plastídeos/microbiologia , Ascomicetos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plantas , Fungos , Meios de Cultura , Eucariotos , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Folhas de Planta
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