Estudio preliminar del efecto del consumo de metales pesados en el desarrollo e histología testicular del macho cabrío (Capra hircus) / Preliminary study of the effect of heavy metal consumption on the development and testicular histology of the male goat (Capra hircus)

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el desarrollo testicular y describir la calidad del parénquima testicular de machos cabríos alimentados con pasto, maíz molido y agua obtenidos de campos contaminados con residuos de minería. Se evaluó la concentración de plomo, arsénico y cadmio en sangre y tejido testicular, así como otros indicadores como testosterona, el parénquima testicular, la concentración espermática y porcentaje de espermatozoides malformados. Se encontró mayor concentración de cadmio (Cd) en el parénquima testicular, posiblemente debido a la mayor capacidad de bioacumulación de este metal. El promedio de concentración de testosterona fue de 0.16 mg/dL. El parénquima testicular presentó vacuolización del citoplasma, degeneración del epitelio germinativo con escasas células de Sertoli y Leydig, así como ausencia de espermatogénesis y espermatozoides. La concentración espermática estuvo por debajo de lo reportado como normal. La concentración de espermatozoides y testosterona pudo variar debido a un bajo conteo de células de Leydig y Sertoli. El consumo de alimento y agua contaminados con residuos de minería, permiten que metales pesados como cadmio y arsénico se acumulen en los testículos afectando negativamente el parénquima testicular, pero no el tamaño testicular. (AU)

The aim is to evaluate the testicular development and described the quality of the testicular parenchyma of male goats consuming grass, ground corn and water obtained from fields contaminated with mining residues. The concentration of lead, arsenic and cadmium in blood and testicular tissue was evaluated as well as other indicators such as testosterone concentration, testicular parenchyma, sperm concentration and abnormalities sperm. A higher concentration of cadmium (Cd) were found in the testicular parenchyma, possibly due to the increased bioaccumulation capacity of this metal. The average testosterone concentration was 0.16 mg/dL. The testicular parenchyma presented vacuolization of the cytoplasm degeneration of the germinative epithelium with few Sertoli and Leydig cells, as well as absence of spermatogenesis and spermatozoa. The sperm concentration was below that was reported as normal. The concentration of sperm and testosterone could vary due to a low number of Sertoli and Leydig cells. The intake of food and water contaminated with mining residues, allow heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic to accumulate in the testicles negatively affect testicular parenchyma, but not testicular size in male goats. (AU)

A metagenomics investigation of carbohydrate-active enzymes along the goat and camel intestinal tract

Studies of the digestive microbiota of ruminant animals most often focus on the bacterial diversity in the rumen or the feces of the animals, but little is known about the diversity and functions of their distal intestine. Here, the bacterial microbiota of the distal intestinal tract of two goats and two camels was investigated by metagenomics techniques. The bacterial taxonomic diversity and carbohydrate-active enzyme profile were estimated for samples taken from the small intestine, the large intestine, and the rectum of each animal. The bacterial diversity and abundance in the small intestine were lower than in the rectal and large intestinal samples. Analysis of the carbohydrate-active enzyme profiles at each site revealed a comparatively low abundance of enzymes targeting xylan and cellulose in all animals examined, similar to what has been reported earlier for sheep and therefore suggesting that plant cell wall digestion probably takes place elsewhere, such as in the rumen

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Novedad en alimentación infantil: fórmulas a base de leche de cabra / Novelty in infant feeding: formulas based on goat’s milk

La Directiva 2013/46/UE, y posteriormente el Reglamento 2016/127/UE, han autorizado la proteína de leche de cabra como fuente para la elaboración de fórmulas para lactantes. Capricare de inicio y continuación es una fórmula a base de leche de cabra disponible actualmente en farmacias. El proceso de elaboración de esta fórmula es diferente del empleado habitualmente para fórmulas a base de leche de vaca, lo cual repercute en su composición. El contenido lipídico mantiene un 55% de la grasa animal, con un 14% de ácido palmítico, un 31% de éste en posición β-monoglicérido. Contiene también un 6,5% de MCT. La cantidad de calcio inorgánico libre es solo del 20%, ya que el resto está unido a la caseína. Todo ello repercutiría en una optimización de la absorción grasa. Debido a los niveles más bajos de α-s1-caseína, el tamaño de las micelas de caseína en la leche de cabra son de 100-200 nm frente a los 60-80 nm en la leche de vaca. La consecuencia práctica es una digestión gástrica más rápida, más similar a la leche materna, favoreciendo el vaciado gástrico. La leche de cabra tiene un proceso de secreción apocrina que libera componentes celulares de forma natural, como nucleótidos, taurina, poliaminas y aminoácidos libres. Contiene oligosacáridos, muchos de los cuales son estructuralmente similares a los oligosacáridos de la leche humana. En vista de las características de esta fórmula de cabra, es indudable que podría tener su posicionamiento en la dieta de los lactantes con el denominado «disconfort intestinal», o bien como alternativa natural de nutrición del lactante sano. Futuros estudios clínicos serán necesarios para corroborar dicho posicionamiento (AU)

Directive 2013/46/EU and subsequently Regulation 2016/127/EU have authorized goat milk protein as a source for the manufacture of infant formulas. Capricare initiation and continuation is a formula based on goat’s milk, currently available in pharmacies. The process of making this formula is different from that usually used for formulas based on cow’s milk, which has an impact on its composition. The lipid content maintains 55% of the animal fat, with 14% of palmitic acid and 31% thereof in the β-monoglyceride position. It also contains 6.5% MCT. The amount of free inorganic calcium is only 20%, since the rest is bound to casein. All this would have an effect on the optimization of fat absorption. Due to the lower levels of α-s1-casein, casein micelles are smaller in goat milk (50 nm) than cow (75 nm), providing a smaller curd in the stomach. The practical consequence is a faster gastric digestion, more similar to breast milk favoring gastric emptying. Goat’s milk has an apocrine secretion process that naturally releases cellular components, such as nucleotides, taurine, polyamines and free amino acids. It contains oligosaccharides, many of which are structurally similar to the oligosaccharides in human milk. Given the analyzed characteristics of this goat formula is undoubtedly could have its positioning in the diet of infants with the so-called "intestinal discomfort" or as a natural alternative nutrition of the healthy infant. Future clinical studies will be needed to corroborate this positioning (AU)

Distribution of ki-67, alpha smooth muscle actin and vimentin in the reticulum and omasum of Baladi goat

Seven Baladi goats of both sexes (9 to 24 months old) were used to describe the distribution pattern of ki-67, alpha smooth muscle actin (áSMA) and vimentin (VIM) in the reticulum and omasum. This study was carried out using the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method. Ki-67 immunostaining was restricted to the basal cells layer in the epithelia of both the reticulum and omasum, suggesting the importance of ki-67 in epithelial cells proliferation and keratin biosynthesis. Immunostaining for áSMA was detected in smooth muscle cells in reticular folds, omasal lamiae and muscularis in both the reticulum and omasum, indicating the critical role of áSMA in muscular motility. The widespread distribution of VIM immunostainings in epithelia, fibroblasts in lamina propria and submucosa, and endothelia of blood vessels supports the importance of VIM as an intermediate filament protein. Detection of VIM in glial cells of enteric plexuses indicates its supportive role in the nervous control of both reticulum and omasum. Overall, this immunohistochemical study revealed non-significant differences in the expression of ki-67, áSMA, and VIM between the reticulum and omasum. This study thus verifies the important roles of ki-67, áSMA and VIM in the structure and function of the reticulum and omasum of Baladi goats

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Evaluación de la viabilidad y motilidad espermática en dosis seminales caprinas para el desarrollo de un modelo de contaminación experimental con Mycoplasmaspp / Goat model for experimental mycoplasma contamination of semen: preliminary results

En los últimos años se ha detectado en diversos centros de inseminación artificial la presencia de machos caprinos en los que se han aislado Mycoplasma agalactiae y Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri en muestras de semen, sin que presenten ningún síntoma clínico asociado. La capacidad de las bacterias del género Mycoplasma spp. para producir efectos perjudiciales en la calidad espermática es un hecho constatado en diversas especies animales, incluido el hombre. Además, el riesgo de una posible transmisión venérea y afectación de la calidad espermática podría comprometer los programas de mejora genética caprinos fundamentados en la inseminación artificial. El objetivo del presente trabajo es desarrollar un modelo experimental para el estudio del efecto de la contaminación seminal con Mycoplasma spp. en ganado caprino. Para ello, evaluamos la viabilidad y motilidad espermática de dosis seminales, tras dos horas de incubación a 37 ºC en muestras previamente transportadas bajo dos condiciones de temperatura (4-5 °C y 15-16 ºC). Posteriormente se estudió el efecto de la adición del medio PPLO, en el que se preparan los inóculos de Mycoplasma spp., sobre la calidad espermática. El transporte de dosis seminales a 4 ºC ofrece mejores resultados de motilidad total en semen incubado a 37 ºC durante 120 minutos. El medio PPLO no ejerció efecto significativo sobre los porcentajes de espermatozoides vivos o mótiles totales a lo largo de 150 minutos de incubación. Con dicho medio, se pueden obtener valores de viabilidad y motilidad (total y progresiva) espermática superiores al 50% después de 150 y 60 minutos de incubación, respectivamente. En conjunto, este modelo permitiría el desarrollo de contaminaciones experimentales de dosis seminales caprinas con Mycoplasma spp. con el fin de evaluar su efecto sobre la viabilidad y motilidad espermática (AU)

The presence of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri in semen samples taken from asymptomatic bucks placed in artificial insemination centres has been confirmed in the last years. The ability of Mycoplasma spp. to cause adverse effects on sperm quality has been also demonstrated in several animal species including humans. In this sense, the risk of venereal transmission and the effects of mycoplasmas on sperm quality could affect goat breed improvement programs based on artificial insemination. The present study was conducted to develop an experimental model useful to study the effect of Mycoplasma spp. in goat semen. We evaluated the viability and motility of seminal doses maintained during two hours at 37 ºC in semen samples previously kept under two temperature conditions (4-5 °C or 15-16 ºC). The effect of PPLO medium in sperm motility, in which Mycoplasma spp. inocula are prepared, was also studied. Motility results registered in semen samples incubated at 37 ºC during 120 minutes are better in seminal doses kept at 4-5 ºC. PPLO medium had no significant effect on live or motile spermatozoa percentages registered after 150 minutes. Sperm viability and motility values (total and progressive) higher than 50% during the 150 and 60 minutes of incubation respectively were obtained using this medium. Overall, the present model is useful to conduct experimental contamination of goat semen doses with Mycoplasma spp. in order to evaluate its effect on spermatic viability and motility (AU)

Caudal duplication (monocephalus tripus dibrachius) in a kid goat

Dipygus is a congenital duplication in the caudal region of the body. According to the extension of the anomaly, duplicated cases are classified as monoceophalus tripus dibrachius, monocephalus tetrapus dibrachius and cephalothoracopagus. A newborn five-legged male kid was referred to the veterinary teaching hospital of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. In ventrodorsal radiography, normal pelvic symphysis was not observed between middle and left or right limbs. Necropsy findings included duplication of the bony pelvic girdle, alimentary tract from the jejunum downward, bladder and urethra. We hereby describe the first report of monocephalus tripus dibrachius in a kid goat (AU)

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Immunohistochemical localization of the cytoskeletal proteins in the abdominal and scrotaltestes of mature and immature naturally unilateral cryptorchid West African dwarf goats

This study reports the immunohistochemical localization of alpha-smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin, desmin and vimentin cytoskeletal proteins in the abdominal and contralateral scrotal testes of mature and immature spontaneously unilateral cryptorchid West African Dwarf Goats (WADGs). Smooth muscle actin and desmin were co-expressed in the capsule, peritubule and the interstitium of the mature (scrotal) and immature (scrotal and abdominal) testes. Only smooth muscle actin, however, was variably immunoexpressed in the mature abdominal testes. Mature (scrotal) and immature (scrotal and abdominal) were variably immunopositive for cytokeratin. The mature abdominal testis was immunonegative for both cytokeratin and desmin. Vimentin was very weakly to moderately immunolocalized in the capsule and the interstitium of the immature abdominal testes, while the contralateral immature scrotal testis showed moderate to very strong immunoreactivity in the peritubule and interstitium. The interstitium of the mature scrotal testes was weakly to moderately immunopositive for vimentin. The interstitium of mature abdominal testis was, however, either negatively or weakly immunostained for vimentin. The perinuclear zone of each Sertoli cell showed vimentin immunoreactivity that was generally more intense in immature testes. The results of the study show that the cytoskeletal proteins in the Sertoli cells of WADGs are immunohistochemically similar to those reported in bovine and ovine species. The results also show that the testicular capsule of WADGs is immunopositive for vimentin, contrary to what has been reported in bulls and rams. The study demonstrates that spontaneous cryptorchidism in WADGs affects the coexpression of cytoskeletal proteins in a somewhat different way from the situation observed in humans, bulls and rams (AU)

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Pineal¨Cadrenal¨Cimmune system relationship under thermal stress: effect on physiological, endocrine, and non-specific immune response in goats

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The purpose of the investigation was to observe the pineal¨Cadrenal¨Cimmune system relationships and their influence on non-specific immune response in female goats under short-term thermal stress. Six female goats had been exposed to (..)(AU)

Toxicidad pulmonar por hiperoxia / Hyperoxia induced pulmonary toxicity

La ventilación mecánica es capaz de producir y agravar el daño pulmonar y contribuir a la aparición de fracaso multiorgánico. Uno de los mecanismos descritos es la hiperoxia alveolar que, en modelos experimentales, conlleva una producción de radicales libres de oxígeno (O2) que exceden las posibilidades de defensa celular, y dan lugar a inflamación, a sobreexpresión genética y a daño celular directo con fenómenos de necrosis y apoptosis. Los hallazgos en humanos no son tan concluyentes, sí está claramente demostrada una alteración funcional debida a la exposición a la fracción inspiratoria de O2 (FiO2) elevada y a un mayor desreclutamiento pulmonar en los pacientes con lesión pulmonar, y que tanto la FiO2 empleada como la presión arterial de oxígeno conseguida en las primeras 24h de ingreso están relacionadas con la mortalidad. Sería necesario realizar ensayos clínicos que evalúen cuál es el umbral de la FiO2 y de la saturación de O2 seguro (AU)

Mechanical ventilation may cause and aggravate lung damage and contribute to the appearance of multiorgan failure. One of the mechanisms that has been described is alveolar hyperoxia. In experimental models, it has lead to the production of free oxygen radicals that exceed the cell defense capacity, giving rise to inflammation, cell damage and gene overexpression with necrosis and apoptosis phenomenon. However, these findings in humans are not as conclusive, although a functional alteration due to the exposure to high FiO2, and greater lung de-recruitment in patients with lung injury has been clearly demonstrated. Moreover, both the FiO2 used as well as the PaO2 achieved in the first 24h of admission are associated with mortality. Clinical trials are needed that assess the threshold of the safe oxygen level for FiO2 and oxygen saturation (AU)

A craniometric analysis of the skullof the red sokoto (Maradi) goat (Capra Hircus)

The study involved the osteometric study of32 parameters in the skull of the Red Sokotogoat in Nigeria. The mean condylobasallength was 20.3 cm while the overall length,whole skull height, and whole skull indexwere 17.2 cm, 10.5 cm and 0.7 x 102 respectively.Nearly all of the parameters studiedrevealed no significant differences (p< 0.05)between animals of one year of age and belowand those above this age mark. Female goatshad higher values for most of the craniometricmeasurements. The results are discussed asregards their importance for comparativeanatomy with other breeds and a better understandingof the adaptational physiology of theRed Sokoto breed to its environment (AU)

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Esofagitis eosinofílica por sensibilización a proteínas de leche de cabra y oveja / No disponible

La esofagitis eosinofílica, entidad caracterizada por la infiltraciónde la mucosa esofágica por más de 20 eosinófilos por campo degran aumento, se suele presentar en forma de disfagia intermitentede larga evolución, pudiendo estar asociada a sensibilización alérgicaa aeroalérgenos y/o alimentos. Presentamos el caso de un varóncon clínica de disfagia intermitente coincidiendo con la toma dequesos curados de oveja y cabra que precisó asistencia urgente trasla impactación de un comprimido de ibuprofeno a 30 cm de la arcadadentaria. El estudio practicado demostró la existencia de estenosisen el esófago a ese nivel con infiltración eosinofílica difusa ysensibilización a proteínas de la leche de cabra, oveja y vaca, conespecial relevancia para la IgG bovina, lactoferrina y albúmina sérica.Tras tratamiento con fluticasona deglutida y medidas de evitaciónse consiguió la resolución del cuadro clínico y la desapariciónde los eosinófilos en la mucosa

Eosinophilic esophagitis is an inflammatory disease of theesophagus characterized by the presence of high numbers ofeosinophils in the esophageal mucosal layer (> 20 high-powerfield). It is uncommon in adults but in such cases intermittent dysphagiaand food impaction are the most common presentingsymptoms. We report the case of a male with long-standing intermittentdysphagia after eating selected goat and sheep cheesetypes, who required medical help following the impaction of anibuprofen pill in the esophagus. A biopsy demonstrated the presenceof eosinophilic inflammation, and allergy testing showedspecific IgE against proteins in the milk of goats and sheep. Topicalsteroid therapy with oral fluticasone, and the elimination ofthese dairy products from the diet induced complete symptomresolution, and biopsy specimens taken 4 months later showed noeosinophils

Asignación de individuos a poblaciones caprinas nativas brasileñas / No disponible

A utilização de métodos mais sofisticados que possam assignar corretamente indivíduos a populações, torna-se importante em estudos de conservação, pois permitem detectar migrantes. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo assignar indivíduos a populações caprinas nativas, tendo como animais referências quatro raças exóticas, SRD (sem padrão racial definido) e três raças espanholas, utilizando o programa Structure. Considerando k=7 cluster foi possível detectar a proporção de indivíduos assignado de cada população (AU)

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Some aspects of the neurometrics of the Sahel goat in Nigeria

A study of the neurometrics of the Sahel goatwas done using sixteen goats. The mean brainweight obtained was 85.13g. The mean brain length, depth, cerebral length, depth and cerebellarlength and depth were 9.38cm, 4.34cm,5.78cm, 4.34cm, 2.79cm and 2.43cm respectively, while the relative brain weight was 0.004. Animals below one year of age and20kg body weight had significantly higher relativebrain weight than animals at and above this age and body weight groups. Female goats had a lower mean brain weight than males. There was a strong positive correlation between body weight and brain depth while astrong negative correlation existed betweenbody weight and relative brain weight. The result is added information to the comparative neuroanatomy of small ruminant breeds and should serve as baseline research data in applied fields (AU)

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Goat's milk allergy / Alergia a leche de cabra

Background: Goat's milk (GM) allergy not associated with allergy to cow's milk (CM) is a rare disorder. Caseins have been implicated has the major allergens eliciting symptoms. Methods: We report the case of a 27 years-old female patient that experienced two episodes of urticaria related to ingestion of goat's cheese (GC). She tolerated CM, dairy products and sheep cheese. Skin prick tests were performed with GM, CM, bovine casein and a -lactalbumin and fresh milk and GC. Serum specific IgE to GM, CM and its fractions, and GM and CM immunobloting assays with inhibition were also evaluated. Results: Skin tests were positive to GM and GC and negative to CM. GM immunoblot showed an IgE-binding 14 kDa band that was totally inhibited after serum pre-incubation with GM. Conclusions: Allergens other than casein can be involved in allergy to GM. Even small quantities of protein can elicit symptoms

Introducción: La alergia a leche de cabra sin asociación a alergia a leche de vaca es una situación muy poco frecuente. Del conjunto de alergenos mayores, las caseínas son las más involucradas en los síntomas. Métodos: Se presenta lo caso de una paciente de 27 anos de edad, que describe desde hace 3 años dos episodios de urticaria tras ingestión de queso de cabra. Tolera leche de vaca y oveja, así como sus derivados. Se realizaron pruebas cutáneas (prick) con leche de cabra (LC), leche de vaca (LV), caseína y a-lactoalbumina bovinas y también con leche fresca y queso de cabra. Adicionalmente se procedió a determinación de los niveles de IgE sérica especifica a LC, LV y fracciones así como ensayos de immunobloting de LC y LV con inhibición. Resultados: Las pruebas cutáneas fueran positivas a leche y queso de cabra y negativas a LV. El immunoblot con LC demostró una banda de 14 kDa de ligación a IgE, que ha sido totalmente inhibida tras la incubación previa con LC. Conclusiones: Otros alergenos además de caseína pueden estar involucrados en la alergia a LC. También pequeñas cantidades de proteína pueden desencadenar síntomas

Humoral inmune response in lambs and goat kids inoculated with a dual vaccine against contagious agalactia

Una vacuna polivalente frente a Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (largecolony) fue elaborada utilizando cepas inactivadas seleccionadas en base a previos estudios de caracterizaciónde las mismas. El fenol se utilizó como inactivante mientras que como adyuvante se utilizó el hidróxido dealuminio. El trabajo evaluó la respuesta immune humoral inducida en un grupo de 15 corderos Pelibuey y 8cabritos de la raza canaria majorera, los cuales recibieron 2 dosis de vacuna a los 45 y 70 días de edad, siendomonitorizados hasta los 4 meses de vida. Los títulos de anticuerpos observados por ELISA indirecto muestran títulos menores en el grupo de corderos que en el grupo de cabritos frente a ambos antígenos, siendo estasdiferencias estadísticamente significativas sólo frente a M. agalactiae

A combined vaccine against Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (largecolony type) was developed using inactivated strains selected in previous characterization studies. Phenol wasused as inactivating agent and aluminium hydroxide was added as adjuvant. The present study was designedto evaluate the specific humoral immune response to these two mycoplasma species shown by lambs and goatkids. One group of 15 Pelibuey lambs and one group of 8 Canary goat kids received two injections of vaccineat the ages 45 and 70 days and were monitored until they were 120 days old. Antibody titres were determinedby indirect ELISA. Lambs showed lower antibody levels (expressed as ODs) to both antigens than goat kidsalthought significantly differences were only registered to M. agalactiae antigen (P<0.005)

Análisis económico de las explotaciones de ganado ovino y caprino en la región de Murcia / Economic analysis of sheep and goat farms of the Region of Murcia

Se realiza el análisis económico en explotaciones tipo de ovino y caprino de diferentes zonas de la Regiónde Murcia, para comprobar su rentabilidad y como paso previo y herramienta imprescindible para la toma dedecisiones en materia de Política Sectorial, reordenación sectorial y criterio a la hora de seleccionar las ayudas,porque independientemente de su rentabilidad siguen siendo dos sectores estratégicos en el aprovechamientode recursos de zonas marginales, empleo agrario y fi jación de población.Se observa como ambos sectores son dependientes de las subvenciones en su rentabilidad, a pesar de que elsector caprino ha evolucionado con mucho más dinamismo

An economical analisys is made for sheep and goat farms in different areas of Region de Murcia, in order toasses their profi tability. This is a needed tool for decission makers in the fi elds of Sectorial Policy and sectorialre-ordination. It is a criterion to select economical support as well, because independently of the profi tability,they still are two strategic sectors in the exploitation of marginal area resources, farm employment, and populationestabilization.It is observed that both sectors profi tability depend on the subsidies, in spite of the fact that goat farms haveevolved with a higher dynamism

La leche de cabra no es una alternativa válida en pacientes con alergia a las proteínas de la leche de vaca / Goat´s milk is not valid alternative in patients allergic to cow´s milk proteins

Further reflections on streptococcal pharyngitis (AU)

Selective allergy to sheep's and goat's milk proteins

Background: Cow's milk proteins are amongst the most common causes of food allergy in infants, and caseins are probably the main allergens. The existence of a high degree of cross-reactivity between milk caseins from different animals has been reported. We describe a 2-year-old boy who experienced allergic reactions after eating and touching sheep's cheese, but who tolerated cow's milk and cow's milk dairy products. He had never ingested milk or milk derivatives from sheep or goat. Methods: Skin prick tests were carried out using whey fractions of cow's milk, whole milk and casein from goat, sheep and cow. We also performed skin prick tests with enzymes used in cheese production. Prick-by-prick tests with cheese made from cow, sheep and goat and their corresponding whole milk were also performed. Total serum IgE and specific IgE to cow's milk proteins, whole cow's milk and sheep's milk were determined. Specific IgE against casein and whole milk from the three different species were determined by ELISA. Inhibition of IgE binding to bovine casein was tested for casein and whole milk from all three species. The proteins of three types of casein and whole milk from cow, sheep and goat were separated by SDS-PAGE and were incubated with the patient's serum. Results: Skin tests were positive to sheep's milk and goat and sheep casein and were negative to all cow's milk proteins and whole cow's and goat's milk. Prick-by-prick tests were positive to goat's and sheep's cheese and were negative to cow's cheese. In ELISA-inhibition, sheep's milk and goat and sheep casein were able to inhibit > 50 % of specific IgE binding to sheep casein. The results of immunoblotting showed that the patient's circulating IgEs recognized only one band in the lanes corresponding to sheep and goat casein. Conclusions: We report a patient with allergy to sheep's and goat's milk proteins but not to cow's milk proteins. Sheep casein was probably the main allergen causing sensitization in this patient. The results suggest that sheep casein shows a high degree of cross-reactivity with goat casein but not with cow casein. Our patient presented allergic symptoms caused by sheep and goat milk and cheese proteins. However, he was able to tolerate cow's milk and cow's milk dairy products without any ill effects (AU)

Introducción: La alergia a proteínas de la leche de vaca es una de las causas más frecuentes de alergia alimentaria en la infancia y las caseínas son probablemente los principales alergenos implicados. Ya ha sido descrita con anterioridad la existencia de alto grado de reactividad cruzada entre las caseínas de distintos animales. Describimos un niño de 2 años que presentó reacciones alérgicas tras la ingesta y el contacto con queso de oveja, pero que toleraba el consumo de leche de vaca y derivados. Nunca había tomado previamente leche o derivados de oveja o cabra. Métodos: Se realizaron tests cutáneos mediante prick con leche y caseína de vaca, oveja y cabra así como con las fracciones de la leche de vaca. También se realizaron tests cutáneos con enzimas empleadas en la elaboración de queso. Se llevaron a cabo prickprick con leche entera y queso de vaca, oveja y cabra.Se determinó IgE total y específica frente a leche de vaca y sus fracciones y leche de oveja. También se determinó mediante ELISA la IgE específica frente a caseina y leche entera de las tres especies. Asimismo se calculó mediante ELISA-inhibición el porcentaje de inhibición de la caseína bovina frente a caseína y leche entera de las tres especies. Se separaron las proteínas de la leche y caseína de vaca, oveja y cabra mediante SDS-PAGE y posteriormente fueron incubadas con el suero del paciente. Resultados: Los tests cutáneos resultaron positivos frente a leche de oveja y caseína de oveja y cabra, y negativos frente a las proteínas séricas de vaca, así como frente a leche entera de vaca y cabra. Los prick-prick fueron positivos frente a queso de oveja y cabra, siendo negativos frente a queso de vaca. En el ELISA-inhibición, la leche de oveja y la caseína de oveja y cabra fueron capaces de inhibir más del 50 por ciento de los sitios de unión de la IgE a la caseína de oveja. Los resultados del immunoblot mostraron que los anticuerpos IgE del paciente reconocían solo una banda en las calles correspondientes a las caseínas de oveja y cabra. Conclusiones: Presentamos un paciente con alergia a proteínas de la leche de oveja y cabra pero no a las proteínas de la leche de vaca. La caseína de la oveja es probablemente el principal alergeno causante de la sensibilización de este sujeto. Los resultados sugieren que la caseína de oveja muestra un elevado grado de reactividad cruzada con la caseína de cabra, pero no con la de vaca. Nuestro paciente presentaba síntomas alérgicos causados por la exposición frente a las proteínas de la leche y queso de oveja y cabra, pero es capaz de tolerar el consumo de leche y derivados de vaca sin ningún efecto adverso (AU)