Current perspective of vaccination in Spain for dogs and cats from a pharmaceutical approach

Background: The development of clinical pharmacy practice for humans and animals in the recent years has resulted in new goals and challenges for pharmacists that work to improve patient care, preventing medication related problems and optimizing resources. Currently, in Spain, there are so many dogs’ and cats’ vaccines from different manufacturers, with different microorganisms’ combination which are not readily identifiable. This fact makes us wonder if they are all necessary and/or convenient, and if they meet the criteria of the international guidelines. Objective: It aimed to examine the current situation of vaccination in dogs and cats in Spain, as well as if available vaccines are suitable, or if the technical data sheets match with the recommendations of consensus guides. Methods: All available vaccines in Spain were counted, evaluated and classified by using the search engine CIMAvet, into monovalent or combined and suitable or unsuitable according to their composition and vaccination schedule with guidelines WSAVA and COLAVAC. Results: As a result, we found 15 vaccines for dogs and 7 for cats, when attending to its composition. However, it gives rise to 46 vaccines for dogs and 14 for cats, if we regarded to the different manufacturers. The 69.6% of dogs’ and 57.1% of cats’ vaccines were considered unsuitable. Resulting as optimal combinations of microorganisms: Bordetella+Parainfluenza, Distemper+Adenovirus+Parvovirus, Leptospira alone and Rabies alone for dogs and Calicivirus+Herpes virus+Panleukopenia, Leukemia alone and Rabies alone for cats. Besides, it was observed that vaccines data sheet don´t meet with international schedule in percentages of 69.6% and 64.3% respectively. Conclusion: Only 28.6% of dogs’ and 42.9% of cats’ vaccines in Spain, are considered suitable, and 30.4% of dogs’ and 35.7% of cats’ vaccines data sheets fully agree with guidelines (AU)

Impact of implant thread design on insertion torque and osseointegration: a preclinical model

Background: Successful osseointegration of endosteal dental implants has been attributed to implant design, including the macro-, micro- and nano- geometric properties. Based on current literature pertaining to implant design, the resultant cellular and bone healing response is unknown when the thread thickness of the implants is increased, resulting in an increased contact area in implants designed with healing chambers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two implant designs with different thread profiles on the osseointegration parameters and implant stability at 3- and 6-weeks in vivo using a well-established preclinical dog model.Material and methods: A total of 48 type V Ti alloy implants were divided in two groups according to their thread design (D1= +0.1x/mm and D2= +0.15x/mm) and placed in an interpolated fashion into the radii of six beagles. Insertion torque was measured at time of placement, radii were extracted for histological processing following 3- and 6-week healing intervals. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed in terms of bone to implant contact (%BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy within implant threads (%BAFO). Statistical analyses were performed through a linear mixed model with fixed factors of time and implant thread design.Results: Surface roughness analysis demonstrated no significant differences in Sa and Sq between D1 and D2 implant designs, which confirmed that both implant designs were homogenous except for their respective thread profiles. For insertion torque, statistically significant lower values were recorded for D1 in comparison to D2 (59.6 ± 11.1 and 78.9 ± 10.1 N⋅cm, respectively). Furthermore, there were no significant differences with respect to histological analysis and histomorphometric parameters, between D1 and D2 at both time points.(AU)

Bone regeneration at extraction sockets filled with leukocyte-platelet-richfibrin: An experimental pre-clinical study

Background: We aimed to histomorphometrically evaluate the effects of Leucocyte-Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF),with and without the combination of a bone grafting material, for alveolar ridge preservation using an in vivocanine model.Material and Methods: Seven dogs (Female Beagles, ~18-month-old) were acquired for the study. L-PRF wasprepared from each individual animal by drawing venous blood and spinning them through a centrifuge at 408RCF-clot (IntrasSpin, Intra-Lock, Boca Raton, FL). L-PRF membranes were obtained from XPression fabrication kit (Biohorizons Implant Systems, Inc., AL, USA). A split mouth approach was adopted with the first molarmesial and distal socket defects treated in an interpolated fashion of the following study groups: 1) Empty socket (negative control); 2) OSS filled defect 3) L-PRF membrane; and 4) Mix of Bio-Oss® with L-PRF. After six weeks,samples were harvested, histologically processed, and evaluated for bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO), vertical/horizontal ridge dimensions (VRD and HRD, respectively), and area of coronal soft tissue infiltration.Results: BAFO was statistically lower for the control group in comparison to all treatment groups. Defects treatedwith Bio-Oss® were not statistically different then defects treated solely with L-PRF. Collapsed across all groups,L-PRF exhibited higher degrees of BAFO than groups without L-PRF. Defects filled with Bio-Oss® and Bio-Oss®with L-PRF demonstrated greater maintenance of VRD relative to the control group. Collapsed across all groups,Bio-Oss® maintained the VRD and resulted in less area of coronal soft tissue infiltration compared to the emptydefect. Soft tissue infiltration observed at the coronal area was not statistically different among defects filled withL-PRF, Bio-Oss®, and Bio-Oss® with L-PRF.Conclusions: Inclusion of L-PRF to particulate xenograft did not promote additional bone heading at 6 weeks invivo. ... (AU)

Sepsis por Capnocytophaga canimorsus en unpaciente inmunocompetente / Sepsis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in an immunocompetent patient

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Dinámica espacio-temporal y factores asociados al suicidio entre jóvenes en el Nordeste de Brasil: un estudio ecológico / Dinâmica espaço-temporal e fatores associados ao suicídio entre jovens no Nordeste do Brasil: um estudo ecológico / Space-time dynamics and factors associated with suicide among young people in Northeastern Brazil: an ecological study

Objetivo: Analizar el patrón espacio-temporal de los padres asociado a la muerte por suicidio en jóvenes del Nordeste. Método: Estudio ecológico que analizó las muertes por suicidio en jóvenes de 15 a 24 años de la Región Nordeste. Para el análisis temporal y espacial se utilizó el software Joinpoint, a través de dos métodos Bayesiano Empírico local, Índice Moran Global y Local y la técnica de estadística espacial de barrido Scan. Para identificar los factores asociados a la mortalidad se utilizó el modelo multivariado de estimación de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios. Resultados: El suicidio juvenil mostró un aumento significativo (p <0.001) de 2.8% por año en la región Noreste durante el período de estudio. El análisis de dispersión de Moran identificó grupos espaciales de muertes en los estados de Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte y Paraíba. El método Scan identificó seis grupos estadísticamente significativos de suicidio. Los indicadores porcentaje de desempleados de 15 a 24 años (β = -0,05; p=0,02) y porcentaje de vulnerables a la pobreza (β = -0,06; p=0,03) mostraron una asociación negativa, mientras que la tasa de analfabetismo de 18 a 24 años (β = 0,15; p=0,01) y el porcentaje de personas de 18 a 24 años con primaria completa (β = 0,09; p<0,001) mostraron una asociación positiva con la mortalidad por suicidio entre los jóvenes. Conclusiones: Hubo un aumento significativo de suicidios entre los jóvenes de la región Nordeste. Los conglomerados con las tasas de suicidio más altas se encuentran predominantemente en el estado de Piauí. Cuatro indicadores socioeconómicos están asociados con el suicidio entre los jóvenes de la región. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the space-time pattern and the factors associated with suicide mortality among young people in northeastern Brazil. Method: An ecological study that analyzed suicide deaths among young people aged 15 to 24 years in the Northeast region. Joinpoint software was used for temporal analysis and spatial analysis was carried out using local empirical Bayesian methods, Global and Local Moran Index and scanning spatial statistics technique. The multivariate model Ordinary Least Squares Estimation was used to identify the factors associated with mortality. The Scan scanning method identified six statistically significant spatial suicide clusters. Results: Suicide among young people showed significant growth (p<0.001) of 2.8% per year in the Northeast region in the period studied. Moran's scattering analysis identified spatial clusters of deaths in the states of Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba. The indicators: percentage of unemployed from 15 to 24 years (β = -0.05; p=0.02) and percentage of vulnerable to poverty (β =-0.06; p=0.03) had a negative association, while the illiteracy rate from 18 to 24 years (β= 0.15; p=0.01) and the percentage of people aged 18 to 24 years with complete elementary school (β = 0,09; p<0,001) positive association with suicide mortality among young people. Conclusions: There was a significant increase in suicide among young people in the Northeast region. Clusters with the highest suicide rates were located in the state of Piauí. Four socioeconomic indicators were associated with suicide among young people in the region. (AU)

Objetivo: Analisar o padrão espaço-temporal e os fatores associados à mortalidade por suicídio entre jovens no Nordeste brasileiro. Método: Estudo ecológico que analisou os óbitos por suicídio entre jovens de 15 a 24 anos ocorridos na Região Nordeste. O software Joinpoint foi utilizado para a análise temporal e a análise espacial se deu por meio dos métodos Bayesiano Empírico Local, Índice de Moran Global e Local e a técnica de estatística espacial de varredura Scan. Para identificar os fatores associados à mortalidade foi utilizado o modelo multivariado Ordinary Least Squares Estimation. Resultados: O suicídio entre jovens apresentou crescimento significativo (p<0,001) de 2,8% ao ano na região Nordeste no período estudado. A análise de espalhamento de Moran identificou aglomerados espaciais de óbitos nos estados do Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte e Paraíba. Já o método de varredura Scan identificou seis aglomerados espaciais de suicídio estatisticamente significativos. Os indicadores: percentual de desocupados de 15 a 24 anos (β = -0,05; p=0,02) e percentual de vulneráveis à pobreza (β = -0,06; p=0,03) apresentaram associação negativa, enquanto que a taxa de analfabetismo de 18 a 24 anos (β = 0,15; p=0,01) e o percentual de pessoas de 18 a 24 anos de idade com ensino fundamental completo (β = 0,09; p<0,001) apresentaram associação positiva à mortalidade por suicídio entre jovens. Conclusões: Houve aumento significativo do suicídio entre jovens na região Nordeste. Os aglomerados com maiores taxas de suicídio localizaram-se predominantemente no estado do Piauí. Quatro indicadores socioeconômicos estiveram associados ao suicídio entre jovens na região. (AU)

Clinical and Immunologic Changes due to Subcutaneous Immunotherapy With Cat and Dog Extracts Using an Ultrarush Up-Dosing Phase: A Real-Life Study

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of and immunologic changes caused by subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in patients with allergy to cat and dog.Methods: The study population comprised patients with rhinitis and/or asthma and allergy to cat or dog from a previous safety study. All patients had specific IgE to cat and/or dog. The SCIT maintenance dose was administered using an infusion pump over a single 4-hour session, followed by monthly administration over 6 months. Data were gathered on clinical outcomes, pulmonary function, FeNO, rhinitis and asthma symptoms, quality of life (QOL), and scores for the Asthma Control Test and symptom visual analog scale were recorded at baseline and then at 1, 3, and 6 months. Specific IgE and IgG antibody responses to cat and dog allergens were determined.Results: The study population comprised 61 patients with a mean age of 35.6 (9.7) years, of whom 40 underwent SCIT for at allergy. A significant improvement was observed in rhinitis and asthma symptoms and in QOL, use of medication, visual analog scale score, and Asthma Control Test score at 1 month; these improvements persisted at month 6. The clinical improvement with cat extract was significantly more marked than with dog extract. Nearly half of the patients (49.09%) had an increase of >0.9 in the ESPRINT-15 QOL in allergic rhinitis questionnaire, and 58.18% had an increase of >0.5 in the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire score at month 6. Both differences represent the minimal clinical important difference. A significant increase was observed in specific IgG and IgE to different allergens at 3 and/or 6 months.Conclusions: Ultrarush SCIT with cat and dog extracts has substantial clinical value for many patients (AU)

Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia y los cambios inmunológicos causados por la inmunoterapia subcutánea (SCIT) enpacientes con alergia a perro y gato.Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes que presentaban rinitis y/o asma con alergia al gato o al perro de un estudio de seguridad previo. Todostenían IgE específica para gato y/o perro. Usando una bomba de infusión (IP), la dosis de mantenimiento de SCIT se administró duranteuna sesión de 4 horas, seguida de la administración mensual durante 6 meses. Se recopilaron datos de función pulmonar, FeNO, síntomasde rinitis y asma, calidad de vida (QoL), control del asma (ACT) y escala analógica visual de síntomas (VAS) al inicio y a los 1, 3 y 6 meses.Se determinaron las respuestas específicas de anticuerpos IgE e IgG a diferentes alérgenos de perro y gato.Resultados: Se incluyeron 61 pacientes con una edad media de 35,6 ± 9,7 años, 40 de los cuales se sometieron a SCIT de gato. Seobservó una mejora significativa en los síntomas de rinitis y asma, calidad de vida, el uso de medicamentos, VAS y ACT en el primer mes.Estas mejorías se mantuvieron en el mes 6. La mejoría clínica con el extracto de gato fue significativamente mayor que con el de perro.Se observó un aumento de >0,9 en ESPRINT-15 en el 49,09% de los pacientes, y el 58,18% mostró un aumento de >0,5 en AQLQ enel mes 6, ambas diferencias indican la mínima diferencia importante. Se observó un aumento significativo en IgG e IgE específicas adiferentes alérgenos a los 3 y/o 6 meses.Conclusiones: La SCIT ultrarápida con extractos de perro y gato induce una mejoría clínica relevante rápida y mantenida en muchos pacientes (AU)

Patients With Atopic Dermatitis Sensitized to Pet Dander Mount IgE and T-Cell Responses to Mammalian Cystatins, Including the Human Self-Protein

Background: Immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to pet-borne allergens are common in atopic diseases. In atopic dermatitis (AD), controversy surrounds the contribution to the disease of cross-reactivity to self-proteins. Human cystatin A and the cat allergen Fel d 3 belong to the cystatins, an evolutionary conserved protein family. The objective of the present study was to assess crossreactivity between mammalian cystatins and to analyze T-cell responses to cystatin in AD patients sensitized to pet dander. Methods: cDNA coding for dog cystatin was cloned from dog skin. Sera from 245 patients with IgE-mediated sensitization to cat and dog dander were tested for IgE binding to recombinantly expressed feline, canine, and human cystatin. Of these, 141 were also diagnosed with AD. Results: Cystatin-specific IgE was detected in 36 patients (14.7%), of whom 19 were considerably affected by AD. Within the AD patients, 9 had measurable IgE against all 3 cystatins. Cystatin-sensitized AD patients did not differ from non–cystatin-sensitized patients in terms of disease severity, age, or total IgE levels. T-cell cytokine measurements showed elevated IL-4 levels after stimulation with feline and human cystatin. Conclusion: The humoral response suggests that in addition to Fel d 3, the homologous protein from dog might play a role in allergy. Furthermore, human cystatin appears to be capable of driving a type 2 immune response in sensitized AD patients and may therefore be considered a so-called autoallergen, as proposed for other evolutionary conserved proteins. (AU)

Antecedentes: Las reacciones de hipersensibilidad de tipo inmediato y retardado a los alérgenos que están en las mascotas son comunes en las enfermedades atópicas. En este estudio, en pacientes con dermatitis atopica (DA), se analiza la reactividad cruzada con las autoproteínas y su contribución a la enfermedad. Tanto la cistatina A humana como el alérgeno felino Fel d 3 pertenecen a la familia de las cistatinas, una familia de proteínas conservadas evolutivamente. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la reactividad cruzada entre las cistatinas de mamíferos y analizar la respuestas de las células T a la cistatina en pacientes con DA sensibilizados a la caspa de las mascotas. Métodos: El ADNc que codifica la cistatina de perro se clonó a partir de piel de perro. Se analizaron sueros de 245 pacientes con sensibilización por IgE a la caspa de gato y perro para determinar la unión de IgE a cistatina felina, canina y humana expresada de forma recombinante, respectivamente. De estos 245 pacientes, 141 fueron diagnosticados de DA. Resultados: Se detectó IgE específica frente a cistatina en el 14,7% (36) de los pacientes, de los cuales 19 padecían DA. Dentro de los pacientes con DA, 9 tenían IgE medible contra las tres cistatinas. Los pacientes con DA sensibilizados frente a cistatina no difirieron de los pacientes no sensibilizados con cistatina en términos de gravedad de la enfermedad, edad o niveles totales de IgE. El análisis de citocinas de células T reveló niveles elevados de IL-4 después de la estimulación con cistatina felina y humana. Conclusión: La respuesta humoral sugiere que, además de Fel d 3, la proteína homóloga de perro también podría desempeñar un papel en la alergia. Además, la cistatina humana parece ser capaz de promover una respuesta inmune de tipo 2 en pacientes con DA sensibilizados y, por lo tanto, puede considerarse un autoalérgeno, como se ha propuesto para otras proteínas conservadas evolutivamente. (AU)

Mordeduras de perro. Análisis epidemiológico (2011-2018) y estrategias preventivas / Dog bites. Epidemiological analysis (2011-2018) and preventive strategies

Introducción: las mordeduras de perro en niños constituyen una causa importante de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial. El objetivo de este estudio es describir características epidemiológicas y clínicas de estos incidentes en pacientes pediátricos de nuestro entorno, así como aportar medidas de prevención para disminuir la incidencia. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo a partir de pacientes atendidos por mordedura de perro durante un periodo de nueve años en un hospital de tercer nivel. Se recogieron variables demográficas, raza de perro, localización de lesiones, relación entre perro y niño, tratamiento recibido y secuelas. Resultados: se registraron 236 pacientes, con una edad media de siete años. La mayoría de las agresiones se produjeron en los meses de primavera y verano. En el 76% de los casos el perro era conocido. Solo el 10% de los ataques fueron por perros considerados peligrosos. El 51% de las lesiones se localizaron en la cabeza y el cuello y el 40% en las extremidades. Se indicó profilaxis antibiótica en el 90%. Un 5% requirió ingreso. Se describieron secuelas estéticas y psicológicas en un 15% y 10%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: las mordeduras de perro siguen siendo un motivo de consulta en urgencias pediátricas, siendo los menores de seis años los más afectados. El perro agresor es en la mayoría de los casos del entorno familiar y de raza considerada no peligrosa. La persistencia de estos incidentes debe hacer adoptar medidas preventivas que ayuden a concienciar a la población y así disminuir la frecuencia y gravedad de estas lesiones (AU)

Introduction: dog bites in children continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of our study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these accidents in the paediatric population of our area and to propose preventive strategies to reduce their incidence. Material and methods: we conducted a retrospective study of patients that received care for dog bites in a tertiary care hospital over an 8-year period. We collected data on demographic variables, dog breeds, sites of injury, the relationship between the dog and the child, the treatment received and sequelae. Results: we identified 236 patients, with a mean age of 7 years. Most attacks occurred in spring or summer. In 76% of cases, the child was acquainted with the dog. Only 10% of attacks involved breeds considered potentially dangerous. Fifty-one percent of injuries were in the head or neck and 40% in the extremities. Antibiotic prophylaxis was prescribed in 90% of cases. Five percent required admission. Cosmetic sequelae were documented in 15% of patients and psychological sequelae in 10%. Conclusions: dog bites continue to be a reason for seeking emergency care in the paediatric population, and they are most frequent in children aged less than 6 years. In most cases, the attacking dog was a family pet of a breed not considered dangerous. The persistence of these incidents calls for the implementation of preventive measures to raise awareness in the population and thus reduce the frequency and severity of these injuries (AU)

Cross-reactivity of Can f 1 with Syrian hamster and Fel d 1 in children

Introduction and objectives: With increasing pet allergies among pediatric patients, the need for precise environmental care is increasing. We investigated the clinical, immunological, and environmental characteristics of pediatric patients sensitized to a dog to evaluate the cross-antigenicity of canine lipocalin Can f 1 with feline lipocalin Fel d 1 and Syrian hamster extract. Materials and methods: The protein fractions of the processed and commercial Syrian hamster extracts were compared using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition test was performed on Can f 1, Fel d 1, and processed Syrian hamster extract, and the antigen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding capacity for each antigen was analyzed using serum samples from patients. Results: Twelve of 19 patients with a median age of 40.5 months were symptomatic when exposed to dogs. Eleven (91.7%) patients showed a positive IgE response to Can f 1. Two patients were positive for Fel d 1-specific IgE antibody, and one was positive for hamster-specific IgE antibody. SDS-PAGE confirmed the presence of different patterns of protein bands between the commercial and processed hamster extracts. There was no cross-antigenicity among Can f 1, Fel d 1, and processed Syrian hamster extract. Conclusions: Since the standard commercial hamster extract did not contain Syrian hamster antigens that were diverse enough, caution should be taken when using it. In children allergic to cats and dogs, sensitization to isolated Can f 1 or Fel d 1 is unlikely to cause cross-reactivity to Syrian hamster hair and epithelium (AU)

Evaluación de la eficacia de un extracto de Artemisia annua en leishmaniosis canina / Evaluation of the efficacy of an extract of Artemisia annua in canine leishmaniasis / Avaliação da eficácia de um extrato de Artemisia annua na leishmaniose canina

En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados de un estudio experimental, multicéntrico, no controlado, en el que se ha comprobado la eficacia y seguridad de un extracto seco de Artemisia annua en perros con leishmaniosis. En el estudio participaron 34 perros, que recibieron una dosis media de un extracto seco de Artemisia annua equivalente a 100 mg/kg/12 h de hoja seca, en tandas de 9 días seguidos de descanso de 7 días durante tres meses. 24 de los perros fueron tratados únicamente con el extracto de A. annua, los 10 restantes habían sido tratados con medicación convencional y tras sufrir recaídas se les administró el extracto, sin interrumpir el tratamiento con alopurinol (10 mg/kg/12 h). Los animales fueron analizados al principio del tratamiento y a los tres meses mediante evaluación de los signos clínicos asociados a la enfermedad, análisis de sangre y orina (en los casos que lo requerían), y título de anticuerpos (frente a Leishmania infantum por inmunofluorescencia indirecta). En 24 de ellos, además, se midió la respuesta inmune mediante ELISA y la carga parasitaria a través del método qPCR.En todos los casos se observó una mejora clínica evidente y una disminución de la carga parasitaria, sin apreciarse diferencias significativas entre los casos tratados sólo con el extracto y aquellos que recibieron además alopurinol, excepto una normalización más precoz en el título de anticuerpos en los animales suplementados con alopurinol.La administración del extracto no provocó efectos adversos en ninguno de los animales.En base a los resultados obtenidos A. annua podría postularse como una alternativa terapéutica en leishmaniosis canina

The present work shows the results of an experimental, multicenter, not controlled study in which it has been verified the efficacy and safety of a dry extract of Artemisia annua against leishmaniasis in dogs. Thirty-four dogs participated in the study and received, along three months, a mean dose of Artemisia annua dry extract equivalent to 100 mg/kg/12 h of dry leaf, alternating periods of 9 days of treatment and 7 days of pause. Twenty-four dogs were treated only with the A. annuaextract, while the remaining 10, which were being treated with allopurinol (10 mg/kg/12 h), were additionally administered with the extract after suffering relapses. The animals were analyzed at the beginning of the treatment and at three months by evaluation of the clinical signs associated with the disease, blood and urine analysis (when required), as well as titration of antibodies against Leishmania infantum by indirect immunofluorescence. In 24 of them, immune response by ELISA and parasitic load by qPCR were additionally measured.In all cases, a clinical improvement and a decrease in the parasite load were evidenced, with no significant differences between the cases treated with the extract alone and those that also received allopurinol, except for an earlier normalization of the antibody titer in the latter. The administration of the extract did not cause adverse effects in any of the animals. Based on the results obtained, A. annua extract could be postulated as a therapeutic alternative in canine leishmaniasis

O presente trabalho mostra os resultados de um estudo experimental, multicêntrico e não controlado no qual foi verificado. a eficácia e segurança de um extrato seco de Artemisia annua em cães com leishmaniose.Trinta e quatro cães participaram do estudo e receberam, por três meses, dose média de extrato seco de Artemisia annua equivalente a 100 mg/kg/12 h de folha seca, em lotes de 9 dias, seguidos de 7 dias de repouso. Vinte e quatro dos cães foram tratados apenas com o extrato de A. annua, enquanto os 10 restantes, que estavam sendo tratados com alopurinol (10 mg / kg / 12 h), receberam adicionalmente o extrato após sofrer recaídas. Os animais foram analisados no início do tratamento e aos três meses pela avaliação dos sinais clínicos associados à doença, exames de sangue e urina (nos casos que exigiam), bem como título de anticorpos (contra Leishmania infantum por imunofluorescência indireta ) Em 24 deles, além disso, a resposta imune foi medida por ELISA e a carga parasitária pelo método qPCR.Em todos os casos foi observada melhora clínica evidente e diminuição da carga parasitária, não havendo diferenças significativas entre os casos tratados apenas com o extrato e os que também receberam alopurinol, exceto por uma normalização mais precoce do título de anticorpos nestes últimos. A administração do extrato não causou efeitos adversos em nenhum dos animais. Com base nos resultados obtidos, o extracto de A. annua pode ser postulada como alternativa terapêutica na leishmaniose canina

Ringworm in cats and dogs: New guidelines / Dermatofitosis en perros y gatos: nuevas recomendaciones

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Diagnosis of Malassezia dermatitis and otitis in dogs and cats, is it just a matter of counting? / Diagnóstico de las dermatitis y otitis por Malassezia en perros y gatos, ¿es sólo cuestión de contar?

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Añorando a Nuc en tiempos de COVID-19 / Missing Nuc in the time of COVID-19

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Terapia asistida con perros, intervención complementaria al tratamiento de personas con demencia: estudio cuasi-experimental / Dog-assisted therapy, complementary intervention to the treatment of people with dementia: quasi-experimental study

OBJETIVOS: identificar la efectividad de la terapia asistida con perros en personas mayores con demencia institucionalizadas. MÉTODO: estudio cuasi-experimental en el que se implementó durante cuatro meses una terapia cognitiva asistida con perros junto a la intervención cognitiva convencional en un grupo de siete residentes. Se evaluó el estado de ánimo y la experiencia vivida durante la intervención. Análisis descriptivo de las variables principales y análisis inferencial mediante t-Student para ambas intervenciones. RESULTADOS: no se hallaron diferencias significativas inter-intervenciones respecto a experiencia de intervención, pero sí se encontró una diferencia casi significativa a corto plazo (p = 0.09). A largo plazo se observó mejoría en estados anímicos positivos y reducción en los negativos tras la implementación conjunta de ambas intervenciones. CONCLUSIONES: la terapia asistida con perros parece mejorar la experiencia vivida durante la intervención cognitiva en personas con demencia institucionalizadas y podría suponer un idóneo complemento de intervención para la mejora del estado de ánimo. Futuros ensayos clínicos, con un mayor número de participantes, serían necesarios para confirmar estas tendencias

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effectiveness of dog-assisted therapy with institutionalized older people with dementia. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study, which it was implemented an assisted cognitive therapy with dogs together with conventional cognitive intervention in a group of seven residents for three months. It was evaluated mood and experience during the intervention. Descriptive analysis of the main variables and inferential analysis using t-Student for both interventions. RESULTS: It was not found significant inter-intervention differences regarding the experience of the intervention, but it was found almost significant difference in short term (p = 0.09). In the long term, it was observed improvement in positive moods and reduction in negative ones after the joint implementation of both interventions. CONCLUSION: Dog-assisted therapy seems to improve the experience of cognitive intervention with institutionalized people with dementia and could be an ideal complement of intervention to improve mood. Future clinical trials, with a larger number of participants, would be necessary to confirm these trends

Aspergillosis in cats and dogs: not everything green is Aspergillus fumigatus / Aspergilosis en perros y gatos: no todo lo verde es Aspergillus fumigatus

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La respuesta tisular a implantes dentales con plataforma reducida (platform switching) / Tissue response to dental implants with platform switching

La evolución en los diseños de los sistemas de implantes y en la configuración de los pilares protésicos ha desarrollado el concepto de plataforma reducida que comprende la colocación de un pilar más estrecho que la plataforma del implante para aumentar su distancia de la interfase hueso-implante. La plataforma reducida es considerada un factor importante para preservar la estabilidad del hueso crestal y de los tejidos blandos y asegurar el éxito de los implantes dentales a largo plazo. La plataforma reducida reduce las fuerzas oclusales y la contaminación bacteriana en la interfase entre el hueso crestal y el implante. Los estudios experimentales en animales y clínicos en pacientes muestran su eficacia para prevenir la pérdida ósea y de los tejidos blandos periimplantarios

The evolution of designs of implant systems and abutments configurations has developed the concept of platform-switching that involves the connection of a narrower abutment to the platform implant to allow horizontal distance of the interface bone-implant. Platform-switching is considered an important factor to preserve the stability of crestal bone and soft tissue ensuring the success of dental implants in the long-term follow-up. Platform-switching reduces the forces of occlusal loading and bacterial contamination in the interface between the crestal bone and the implant. Experimental studies in animals and clinical studies in patients showed that implants with platform-switching have demonstrated the effectiveness to prevent peri-implant bone loss and subsequent soft tissue los