Manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la filariasis mamaria / Diagnostic and therapeutic management to breast filariasis

La filariasis es una enfermedad parasitaria benigna poco frecuente en los países occidentales, sobre todo la afectación mamaria es inusual. Sin embargo, aumenta la frecuencia de casos de filariasis mamaria en nuestro medio debido a las corrientes migratorias y el turismo a zonas endémicas. Nuestro objetivo es incidir en el manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la filariasis mamaria a propósito de un caso clínico

Filariasis is a benign parasitic disease that is unusual in western countries, especially filariasis of the breast. However, cases of breast filariasis are increasing in our environment due to greater immigration and tourism to endemic areas. We report a case of breast filariasis to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic management of this disease

Immunomodulation of allergic response in children and adolescents: What we can learn from lymphatic filarial infection

Background: Although it is well known that allergic diseases involve a strong Th2 immune response, with production of high levels of specific IgE allergen, knowledge on the association between filarial infection and allergies, among paediatric patients is scarce. Objective: To evaluate the allergic response patterns in cases of filarial infection by comparing peripheral eosinophils, total IgE levels, immediate hypersensitivity and cytokine levels in children and adolescents in Brazil. Methods: This was an exploratory study with three groups: (I) with filarial infection and without allergic diseases; (II) without filarial infection and with allergic diseases; and (III) without filarial infection and without allergic diseases. The prick test and specific IgE tests for aeroallergens were performed using five antigens. Peripheral eosinophils and total IgE were also evaluated. IL-4 and IL-5 were determined using whole-blood culture stimulated by three antigens. Results: Eosinophilia and elevated levels of total IgE (≥ 400IU/dl) were observed in all groups. The prick test was positive in 56.6% of the cases. Group I presented hypersensitive responses similar to the allergic disease groups. In the whole-blood culture stimulated by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, average IL-4 production did not differ significantly among the groups, but IL5 production resulting from stimulation was greater in the allergic disease groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The allergic response pattern in group with filarial infection was similar to that of the groups with and without allergic diseases, but the response to IL-5 in the culture stimulated by D. pteronyssinus was an exclusive characteristic of the allergic group (AU)

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Filariosis en pacientes procedentes de área endémica. Presentación de una serie de 14 casos / Filarial infestation in patients emanating from endemic area. 14 cases series presentation

Introducción: Los flujos migratorios determinan la aparición de enfermedades emergentes. Una de éstas es la filariosis, de rara presentación en la edad pediátrica debido a su ciclo biológico. Se realiza una revisión de los casos de filariosis diagnosticados en los últimos años en una Unidad de Pediatría Tropical. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo de 14 pacientes diagnosticados de filariosis entre 1995 y 2007 en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital Carlos III (Madrid). Se analizan diferentes variables y se atienden las características clínicas, epidemiológicas, terapéuticas y evolutivas. Resultados: Todos los pacientes del estudio procedían de Guinea Ecuatorial, con edades comprendidas entre 3 y 15 años. Las especies aisladas fueron 6 casos de Onchocerca volvulus, 8 casos de Mansonella perstans y 2 casos de Loa loa. Dos casos presentaron filariosis mixta. El prurito fue el síntoma guía en el 71% de los casos. En el 78% de los pacientes se observó eosinofilia y fue L. loa la especie con cifras más elevadas. El 85% de los pacientes presentaba coparasitación, y la intestinal fue la más frecuente. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante biopsia epidérmica, detección de microfilaremia, visualización directa y serología. Los fármacos utilizados han sido mebendazol para los casos de mansonellosis e ivermectina o dietilcarbamacina para el resto de las especies. En los 8 casos que pudieron seguirse evolutivamente se demostró curación. Conclusiones: Es obligatorio realizar cribado de filariosis en todo paciente procedente de área endémica, especialmente en aquellos que presenten eosinofilia. El diagnóstico en la edad pediátrica, aunque difícil, permite prevenir el desarrollo de la enfermedad, las complicaciones graves como la ceguera e interrumpir el ciclo vital del parásito (AU)

Introduction: The migration causes the emergence of new diseases in our environment. One of them is the filariosis which, due to the biologic cycle peculiarity, it’s weird its appearance in pediatrics. This studio accomplishes a review of all the filariosis cases diagnosed the last years in an Unit specialized in Tropical Pediatrics Diseases. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis comprising 14 patients than were diagnosed with filariosis from 1995 to 2007 in the Pediatrics Unit of Carlos III Hospital (Madrid). They have been analyzed several variables to cope with clinic-epidemiological, therapeutics and evolutional characteristics. Results: All patients in the study came from Equatorial Guinea, their ages were between 3 and 15 years old. The isolated species were: 6 cases with O. volvulus, 8 with M. perstans and 2 with Loa-loa. The pruritus was the main symptom in the 71% of the cases. The eosinophilia was detected in the 78% of the patients, and the Loa-loa was the specie with higher figures. The 85% of the patients showed co-parasitation, being the intestinal the most frecuent. The diagnostics was established by epidermic biopsy, microfilaremia detection, direct visualization and serology. The utilized drugs were: Mebendazole for the cases with M. perstans and Ivermectin or Dietylcarbamazine for the rest of the species. One child showed mixed filariosis. The cure was successful in the 8 cases that could be followed up (AU)

A propósito de un casode filariasis mamaria en una trabajadora / Filariasis of the breast in a female worker

Las filarias son gusanos nematodos filiformes parásitos del hombre o de los animales, que son endémicos en una serie de países. Presentamos un caso de antigua filariasis mamaria en una trabajadora de Guinea, descubierto incidentalmente en el curso de un examen de salud (AU)