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1.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 42(4): 205-207, Abr. 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-232176

RESUMO

Introduction: Early and adequate treatment of bloodstream infections decreases patient morbidity and mortality. The objective is to develop a preliminary method for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (RAST) in enterobacteria with inducible chromosomal AmpC. Methods: RAST was performed directly on spiked blood cultures of 49 enterobacteria with inducible chromosomal AmpC. Results were read at 4, 6 and 8h of incubation. Commercial broth microdilution was considered the reference method. Disks of 10 antibiotics were evaluated. Results: The proportion of readable tests at 4h was 85%. All RAST could be read at 6 and 8h. For most antibiotics, the S or R result at 4, 6 and 8h was greater than 80% after tentative breakpoints were established and Area of Technical Uncertainty was defined. Conclusions: This preliminary method seems to be of practical use, although it should be extended to adjust the breakpoints and differentiate them by species.(AU)


Introducción: El tratamiento precoz y adecuado de las bacteriemias disminuye la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes. El objetivo es desarrollar un método preliminar de pruebas rápidas de sensibilidad antibiótica (PRSA) en enterobacterias con AmpC cromosómica inducible. Métodos: Las PRSA se realizaron directamente de hemocultivos simulados positivos para 49 enterobacterias con AmpC cromosómica inducible. Los resultados se leyeron a las 4, 6 y 8 horas de incubación. La microdilución en caldo comercial se consideró el método de referencia. Se evaluaron discos de 10 antibióticos. Resultados: La proporción de pruebas legibles a las 4 horas fue del 85%. Todas las PRSA pudieron leerse a las 6 y 8 horas. Para la mayoría de los antibióticos, el resultado S o R a las 4, 6 y 8 horas fue superior al 80%, después de que se establecieran puntos de corte provisionales y se definiera el área de incertidumbre técnica. Conclusiones: Este método preliminar parece ser de utilidad práctica, aunque debería ampliarse para ajustar los puntos de corte y diferenciar por especies.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Antibacterianos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Enterobacteriaceae , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , beta-Lactamases
2.
O.F.I.L ; 34(1): 19-20, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-ADZ-261

RESUMO

The indiscriminate use of carbapenem antibiotics in urinary tract infections poses a risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance to them. The use of carbapenem antibiotics should be reserved for those urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamases -producing Enterobacteriaceae. However, there is sufficient evidence of the possibility of using different therapeutic options to carbapenems in certain infections with extended-expectrum β-lactamases isolation and sensitivity data. Of the patients analysed in the study, those with urinary tract infection by extended-spectrum β-lactamases -producing Enterobacteriaceae treated with antibiotics other than carbapenemics based on susceptibility data, achieved resolution of infection in those cases where they were clinically well, so the use of these alternatives would be an appropriate optimisation and rational use of carbapenemic. (AU)


El uso indiscriminado de antibióticos carbapenémicos en infecciones del tracto urinario supone un riesgo de aumento de la resistencia antimicrobiana a los mismos. El uso de antibióticos carbapenémicos debe reservarse para aquellas infecciones del tracto urinario causadas por Enterobacterias productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido. Sin embargo, existe evidencia suficiente de la posibilidad de utilizar opciones terapéuticas diferentes a los carbapenémicos en determinadas infecciones con datos de sensibilidad. De los pacientes analizados en el estudio, aquellos con infección del tracto urinario por Enterobacterias productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido y tratados con antibióticos distintos a los carbapenémicos según datos de sensibilidad, consiguieron resolver la infección en aquellos casos en los que presentaban buen estado clínico por lo que el uso de estas alternativas supondría una adecuada optimización y uso racional de carbapenémicos. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Carbapenêmicos , Infecções Urinárias , Enterobacteriaceae , beta-Lactamases , Produtos com Ação Antimicrobiana
3.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 97: e202312110, Dic. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229752

RESUMO

Fundamentos: Las enterobacterias multirresistentes (EBMR) suponen una amenaza para la Salud Pública, siendo el cribado y aislamiento de pacientes colonizados importante para evitar su diseminación. La PCR múltiple es una técnica novedosa, capaz de proporcionar un diagnóstico rápido con sensibilidad y especificidad altas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la aplicación de PCR múltiple en el protocolo de aislamiento por EBMR desde su implantación en nuestro centro. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se analizaron los resultados del estudio de colonización por EBMR a pacientes hospitalizados, mediante PCR múltiple ALLPLEX TM ENTERO-DR, entre noviembre de 2019 y mayo de2021. Se calcularon las frecuencias de resultado positivo, negativo, no interpretable o inválido, de microorganismos identificados, el motivo de petición y actuación posterior. Se calcularon la mediana y Rango Intercuartílico (R.I.) del tiempo desde el cribado hasta el resultado parcial y final. También se calcularon la mediana y R.I. desde el antecedente de colonización/infección según resultado de la prueba rápida. Resultados: Se detectó mecanismo de resistencia en el 31,47% de las pruebas, siendo más frecuentemente aislado E. coli BLEE (68,99%). La mediana de tiempo hasta el resultado parcial fue de 5,75 horas (R.I.: 2,67), existiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el tiempo de cultivo teórico. El motivo principal de petición fue cribado por antecedente (80,12%) y la actuación más frecuente fue no aislar (41,70%). El 14,81% de las pruebas fue positivo si el antecedente de infección/colonización era mayor a cuarenta y nueve meses. Conclusiones: La PCR múltiple es una prueba útil para el control de la colonización por EBMR, que disminuye el tiempo hasta resultado y facilita la toma de decisiones rápidas, pudiendo contribuir a la adecuada gestión de recursos y comodidad de pacientes.(AU)


Background: Multi-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MRE) are a public health threat, with screening and isolation strategies beingimportant to stop its dissemination. Multiplex PCR is a novel method capable of rapid diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. In this study, our objective was to evaluate its application to multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae management since its implementation in our hospital. Methods: An observational retrospective descriptive study of multiplex PCR ALLPLEX TM ENTERO-DR results to screen inpatients colonized by MRE took place from November 2019 to May 2021. We calculated the percentage of positive, negative, non-identifiable or invalid results, identified microorganisms, reason for requesting it and subsequent actions. Median and I.R. from sampling time to partial and theoretical culture time, and since last colonization/infection depending on test results were calculated. Results: Resistance mechanisms were detected in 31.47% of tests, being E. coli ESBL (68.99%) the most frequently isolated microorganism. Median time to partial result was 5.75 hours (I.R.: 2.67), having statistically significant differences with theoretical time. The most important reason to request the test was screening (80.12%) and the most frequent action taken was not to isolate (41.70 %). Whenever forty-nine months or more since last colonization/infection have passed, only 14.81% of the samples tested positive. Conclusions: Multiplex PCR is a useful test to manage colonized patients, capable of giving a rapid result and allowing for quicker decision-making, contributing to a good use of resources and patient comfort.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Vigilância em Desastres , Programas de Rastreamento , Enterobacteriaceae , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Saúde Pública , Espanha , Estudos Retrospectivos , Epidemiologia Descritiva
4.
Int. microbiol ; 26(4): 1131-1142, Nov. 2023. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-227498

RESUMO

The gut microbiota is closely related to the development of sepsis. The aim of this study was to explore changes in the gut microbiota and gut metabolism, as well as potential relationships between the gut microbiota and environmental factors in the early stages of sepsis. Fecal samples were collected from 10 septic patients on the first and third days following diagnosis in this study. The results showed that in the early stages of sepsis, the gut microbiota is dominated by microorganisms that are tightly associated with inflammation, such as Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptococcus. On sepsis day 3 compared to day 1, there was a significant decrease in Lactobacillus and Bacteroides and a significant increase in Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, and Parabacteroides. Culturomica_massiliensis, Prevotella_7 spp., Prevotellaceae, and Pediococcus showed significant differences in abundance on sepsis day 1, but not on sepsis day 3. Additionally, 2-keto-isovaleric acid 1 and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone metabolites significantly increased on sepsis day 3 compared to day 1. Prevotella_7 spp. was positively correlated with phosphate and negatively correlated with 2-keto-isovaleric acid 1 and 3-hydroxypropionic acid 1, while Prevotella_9 spp. was positively correlated with sequential organ failure assessment score, procalcitonin and intensive care unit stay time. In conclusion, the gut microbiota and metabolites are altered during sepsis, with some beneficial microorganisms decreasing and some pathogenic microorganisms increasing. Furthermore, Prevotellaceae members may play different roles in the intestinal tract, with Prevotella_7 spp. potentially possessing beneficial health properties and Prevotella_9 spp. potentially playing a promoting role in sepsis.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Sepse , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Streptococcus/metabolismo , Enterobacteriaceae/metabolismo , Enterococcus , Escherichia/metabolismo , Microbiologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Metabolômica , Fezes/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico
5.
Int. microbiol ; 26(2): 371-378, May. 2023. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-220228

RESUMO

The increasingly frequent occurence of IncHI5 plasmids has attracted worldwide attention. The aim of this study was to perform an in-depth bioinformatics analysis to determine the genetic characteristics and global distribution of all IncHI5 plasmids. The geographic distribution and epidemiology of all IncHI5 plasmids from GenBank were analyzed based on relevant literature reports and background information from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Detailed annotation of antibiotic resistance genes was performed. A total of 65 IncHI5 plasmid genomes were collected in GenBank. All IncHI5 plasmids were carried by Enterobacteriaceae, of which Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for the largest proportion (50%, 33/65). The host bacterium of IncHI5 plasmids was mainly isolated from Homo Sapiens (81%, 53/65). All strains carrying IncHI5 plasmids were mainly distributed in China (83%, 54/65). Evolutionary analysis can divide IncHI5 plasmids into two groups, namely Groups I/II, of which Group II was more widely distributed worldwide. This study showed that Enterobacteriaceae, especially Klebsiella, was the main host for IncHI5 plasmid. Almost all IncHI5 plasmids carried multiple types of antibiotic resistance genes, related to Tn1696 or Tn6535. The IncHI5 plasmids should be of continuing interest as good repositories for antibiotic resistance genes.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Enterobacteriaceae , Epidemiologia , Resistência a Medicamentos , Plasmídeos , Microbiologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas
6.
An. R. Acad. Nac. Farm. (Internet) ; 88(número extraordinario): 113-116, diciembre 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-225760

RESUMO

La resistencia a los antibióticos aumenta la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias para combatir las enfermedades que causan, y el uso de plantas medicinales representa una estrategia altamente efectiva y valiosa, como el uso de Tagetes lucida con diferentes bacterias gram positivas y gram negativas.Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad biológica que tiene el extracto hexanico de la planta Tagetes lucida a diferentes concentraciones sobre la inhibición del crecimiento en placa y tubo de dos enterobacterias, Shigella flexneri y Salmonella typhiMétodos: En el siguiente trabajo, se evaluó un extracto de hexano de Tagetes lucida sobre la inhibición del crecimiento de dos enterobacterias, Shigella flexneri y Salmonella typhi utilizando diferentes concentraciones de vehículo para evaluar si afectaba el crecimiento bacteriano y también diferentes concentraciones de extracto para evaluar la actividad.Resultados: Realizados los estudios por triplicado se logró concretar que a partir de 75µl/µg de extracto se logra una inhibición casi total del crecimiento de ambas bacterias, tanto en método de placa, como en método de tubo. Y a partir de 100 µl/µg se logra una inhibición total.Conclusiones: Los resultados favorables obtenidos con 75 µl/µg, permiten confirmar que los extractos de plantas medicinales son una estrategia importante para combatir infecciones bacterianas multi-resistentes. Por otro lado permite dar paso a un estudio para evaluar los metabolitos más activos del extracto, así como, el mecanismo de acción sobre la inhibición del crecimiento de las bacterias en estudio. (AU)


Antibiotic resistance increases the search for new strategies to combat the diseases they cause, and the use of medicinal plants represents a highly effective and valuable strategy, such as the use of Tagetes lucida with different gram positive and gram negative bacteria.Objective: To evaluate the biological activity of the hexane extract of the Tagetes lucida plant at different concentrations on the inhibition of growth in plaque and tube of two enterobacteriaceae, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhiMethods: In the following work, a hexane extract from Tagetes lucida was evaluated on the growth inhibition of two enterobacteriaceae, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhi using different concentrations of vehicle to evaluate if it affected bacterial growth and also different concentrations of extract to evaluate activity.Results: Once the studies were carried out in triplicate, it was possible to specify that from 75µl/µg of extract, almost total inhibition of the growth of both bacteria was achieved, both in the plate method and in the tube method. And from 100 µl/µg total inhibition is achieved.Conclusions: The favorable results obtained with 75 µl/ µg, confirm that medicinal plant extracts are an important strategy to combat multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. On the other hand, it allows a study to be carried out to evaluate the most active metabolites of the extract, as well as the mechanism of action on the inhibition of the growth of the bacteria under study. (AU)


Assuntos
Fatores R , Antibacterianos , Resistência a Medicamentos , Plantas Medicinais , Enterobacteriaceae
9.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 158(1): 1-6, enero 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-204055

RESUMO

IntroductionDue to the favourable impact of removing the sinks on isolations in bronchoaspirate samples of patients with mechanical ventilation, we now evaluate the impact on the consumption of antibiotics as well as on the results of the Zero Resistance Project (ZRP).Patients and methodsAll the patients admitted to the unit in a quasi-experimental before–after study with a pre-intervention period between 2014 and 2016 and a post-intervention period from 2016 to 2017, to evaluate antibiotic consumption in defined daily doses, and until 2018, to evaluate the ZRP indicators. The intervention was the removal of the sinks from the rooms of the ICU. We evaluated antibiotic consumption densities and their ratios, grouped as Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) according to their antibiograms; the absolute number of ‘antibiotic days’, ‘hospitalised days’, ‘isolation days’, and ‘multi-resistant bacteria (MRB) days’; as well as their incidence densities per 1000 hospitalised days and the ratio between the two years prior to and the two years after the intervention.ResultsPost-intervention antibiotic use was 1.61-fold (1.60–1.62) and 2.24-fold (2.10–2.37) lower for antibiotics used against Enterobacteriaceae and NFGNB, respectively. There were also reductions in the number of days of antibiotic use by 1.29-fold (1.22–1.36), number of MRB days by 1.84-fold (1.63–2.08), and number of patient isolation days by 1.51-fold (1.38–1.66).DiscussionThe results suggest that the intervention had a favourable impact on the consumption of antibiotics, as well as on the number of days on antibiotics, MRB, and isolation.


Assuntos
Humanos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Respiração Artificial , Enterobacteriaceae , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Antibacterianos
10.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 158(1): 20-23, enero 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-204058

RESUMO

Introducción: Raoultella spp. es un bacilo gramnegativo con importancia clínica creciente por el desarrollo de multirresistencia y porque se ha reportado como causa de infección invasiva. El riesgo de infección aumenta si se presentan comorbilidades como diabetes mellitus y neoplasias.MétodosEstudio descriptivo de las características clínicas y microbiológicas en pacientes adultos con aislamiento de Raoultella spp., atendidos en un hospital de cuarto nivel de Bogotá, Colombia, entre 2015 y 2020.ResultadosSe identificaron 61 pacientes con aislamiento de Raoultella spp., 51 se consideraron infección y 10, colonización. Las comorbilidades asociadas fueron hipertensión arterial (n=26, 42,6%), fallo cardiaco (n=19, 31,1%) y diabetes mellitus (n=18, 29,5%). Se encontraron patrones de resistencia AmpC en 10 muestras (16,4%) y KPC en 3 (4,9%).ConclusionesEs una infección emergente de importancia clínica por su aislamiento en pacientes inmunocomprometidos con múltiples comorbilidades y por el aumento de cepas multirresistentes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Enterobacteriaceae , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Antibacterianos
11.
Rev. esp. med. prev. salud pública ; 27(3): 14-20, 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212832

RESUMO

Objetivo: Describir la casuística de los pacientes con cultivo positivo para Enterobacterias Productoras de Carbapenemasas (EPC), la complejidad de sus patologías y el consumo de recursos hospitalarios. Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes con diagnóstico de infección/colonización por EPC (2013-2018) en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón. Estudio descriptivo de los pacientes y análisis de los recursos consumidos utilizando los Grupos de Diagnóstico Relacionado y la estancia media (EM). Resultados: Se analizan 119 pacientes con edad media de 76,9 años, siendo la localización más frecuente en orina (58,8%) y la carbapenemasa más habitual en enterobacterias la OXA-48 (79,8%). La EM de estos pacientes y el peso medio (PM) fue significativamente superior al de las altas hospitalarias en este período (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Los pacientes que asocian un diagnóstico de EPC incrementan el consumo de recursos hospitalarios triplicando los días de estancia y la complejidad del proceso atendido (aumento del 50% en el PM).(AU)


Objective: Describe case-mix of patients with positive culture for Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), complexity of their pathologies and hospital resources consumption. Method: Retrospective observational study in patients with diagnosis of CPE infection/colonization (2013-2018) at Alcorcon University Hospital Foundation. Patient descriptive study and resource consumption analysis using Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG ́s) and mean length of stay (LOS). Results: 119 patients were analyzed. The average age was 76.9 years, the most frequent location was urine (58.8%) and OXA-48 the most common carbapenemase in the enterobacteriaceae (79.8%). The mean LOS of these patients and the DRG relative weight was higher than the patients treated during this period (p<0.05). Conclusions: Patients with diagnosis of CPE associate a greater consumption of hospital resources tripling the LOS and increasing 50% relative weight of DRG.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pacientes , Controle de Infecções , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos , Enterobacteriaceae , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados , Estudos Retrospectivos , Saúde Pública , Medicina Preventiva
12.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 39(9): 429-435, Nov. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-213631

RESUMO

Introduction: The lack of consensus of control measures to prevent extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) transmission in the hospital setting is of great concern. We describe the prevalence and species distribution of ESBL-E and carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in patients admitted in a tertiary Hospital during an active surveillance screening program for detecting ESBL-E carriers and reducing the ESBL-E transmission (R-GNOSIS Project). Methods: From March-2014 to March-2016, 15,556 rectal swabs were collected from 8209 patients admitted in two medical (Gastroenterology, Pneumology) and two surgical (Neurosurgery, Urology) wards. Swabs were seeded onto ChromoID-ESBL and -CARB/OXA-48 agar plates. Growing colonies were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. ESBL and carbapenemases were phenotypically detected. Changes in species diversity (SDI) and distribution over time were analyzed. Results: ESBL-E incidence (8.4%) tended to decrease over time (p=0.003) and CPE carrier prevalence remained unchanged during the study (2%). The contact isolation strategy targeted to reduce ESBL-E transmission was ineffective in reducing ESBL-E carriers but significant differences were observed with CPE (p=0.017). SDI did not change among ESBL-E and E. coli was predominant (78.5%) during the study. K. pneumoniae (54%) was the most frequent CPE species, followed by E. coli (19%). SDI decreased among the CPE population over time mainly due to K. pneumoniae dominance and increased E. coli prevalence in the last part of the study. Conclusions: During the R-GNOSIS project, contact precautions were not effective in reducing the ESBL-E transmission but may have had a positive collateral effect on the CPE containment.(AU)


Introducción: La falta de consenso en las medidas de control necesarias para prevenir la transmisión de enterobacterias productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE-E) en el entorno hospitalario es muy preocupante. En este trabajo describimos la prevalencia y la distribución de especies de BLEE-E y las enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas (EPC) en pacientes ingresados en un hospital terciario durante un programa de vigilancia activa para detectar portadores de BLEE-E y reducir su transmisión (Proyecto R-GNOSIS). Métodos: Entre marzo-2014 y marzo-2016 se recogieron 15.556 hisopos rectales de 8.209 pacientes ingresados en 2 servicios médicos (Gastroenterología, Neumología) y 2 quirúrgicos (Neurocirugía, Urología). Los hisopos se sembraron en las placas de agar ChromoID-ESBL y CARB/OXA-48. Las colonias crecidas fueron identificadas por MALDI-TOF MS. La producción de BLEE y carbapenemasas se confirmó fenotípicamente. Se analizaron los cambios en la diversidad de especies (SDI) y su distribución en el tiempo. Resultados: La incidencia de BLEE-E (8,4%) tendió a disminuir (p=0,003) y la prevalencia de portadores de CPE permaneció sin cambios durante el estudio (2%). La estrategia de aislamiento de contacto dirigida a reducir la transmisión de BLEE-E fue ineficaz, pero se observaron diferencias significativas en las EPC (p=0,017). La SDI de las BLEE-E no cambió durante el estudio y E. coli fue la especie predominante (78,5%). K. pneumoniae (54%) fue la especie de EPC más frecuente, seguida de E. coli (19%). El SDI disminuyó entre la población de EPC, principalmente debido al dominio de K. pneumoniae y al aumento de la prevalencia de E. coli en la última parte del estudio. Conclusiones: Durante el proyecto R-GNOSIS, las precauciones de contacto no fueron efectivas para reducir la transmisión de BLEE-E, pero pudo haber tenido un efecto colateral positivo en la contención de EPC.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , beta-Lactamases , Enterobacteriaceae , Isolamento de Pacientes , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis
15.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 48(6): 654-665, nov.-dic. 2020. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-199256

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The mite alimentary canal contains plenty of microbiota. It is accepted that some of the microbial products function as adjuvants to speed up immune responses. OBJECTIVES: We identified five bacterial proteins from dust mite, and Enterobacterial fimbriae H (FimH) was one of them. This study aims to test a hypothesis that the FimH protein enforces immunotherapy in asthmatic mice. METHODS: Asthmatic mice were treated by allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT) with rDer f1/f2 or rDer f1/f2 plus FimH. Changes in inflammatory cell infiltration, airway hyperreactivity, frequency of Tregs, splenic CD4+IFN-Gamma+ cells, and serum levels of TGF-Beta, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17A of asthmatic mice were checked. RESULTS: ASIT with rDer f1/f2 plus FimH reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), and levels of IgE and IgG1 compared to ASIT with rDer f1/f2 alone, but the levels of IgG2a increased. Asthmatic mice that underwent ASIT with rDer f1/f2 plus FimH showed increased frequency of Tregs, splenic CD4+IFN-Gamma+ cells, serum levels of TGF-Beta and IL-10; and deceased splenic CD4+IL-4+ cells, and serum levels of IL-13 and IL-17A. In vitro study showed FimH triggered IL-10 expression in a concentration dependent manner and facilitated the differentiation of Tregs. CONCLUSION: Used as an adjuvant, FimH enforces the effect of ASIT in asthmatic mice via augmenting Tregs


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Pyroglyphidae/microbiologia , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Proteínas de Fímbrias/imunologia , Asma/terapia , Asma/imunologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Citocinas/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Citometria de Fluxo , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Proteômica , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Pulmão/patologia
16.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 38(8): 367-370, oct. 2020. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-201022

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Early detection of patients carrying multiresistant bacteria is an effective implement in surveillance programs. Our objective was to compare the semi-automatic Uroquattro HB&L "ESBL/AmpC Screening" (Alifax®) system with the routine culture on selective media to detect ESBL/pAmpC-producing microorganisms (3CGRE). METHODS: A total of 201 rectal swabs samples were processed by inoculating them into the Uroquattro HB&L system, performing growth curve measurements at 6.5 and 10 h, and into direct culture medium. RESULTS: Thirty-five samples yielded 3CGRE. Measurements at 10 h incremented the positive 3GCRE detection 5.7% in comparison with routine culture medium. In negative rectal swabs, the overall percent agreement at 6.5 h and 10 h versus routine culture medium was 93% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Uroquattro HB&L system increased the detection of ESBL/pAmpC-producing bacteria compared to direct plating with an incubation time of 10 h and shortens the time to report a negative sample


INTRODUCCIÓN: La detección temprana de pacientes portadores de bacterias multirresistentes es una medida eficaz de los programas de vigilancia. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar el sistema semiautomático Uroquattro HB&L™ «ESBL/AmpC screening» (Alifax®) frente al cultivo habitual en medios selectivos para detectar microorganismos productores de beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE)/AmpC (3CGRE). MÉTODOS: Se procesaron 201 frotis rectales mediante inoculación en el sistema Uroquattro HB&L™, se midió el crecimiento a las 6,5 y 10 h, y en el medio de cultivo directo. RESULTADOS: Treinta y cinco muestras fueron positivas para 3CGRE. La lectura a las 10 h incrementó la detección un 5,7% en comparación con el medio habitual. En muestras rectales negativas, la concordancia de la lectura global a las 6,5 y 10 h con el medio de cultivo habitual fue del 93 y 90%, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: El sistema Uroquattro HB&L™ incrementó la detección de bacterias productoras de BLEE/pAmpC en comparación con el cultivo directo con un tiempo de incubación de 10 h y acorta los tiempos de detección de muestras negativas


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Lactamases/análise , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias , Resistência às Cefalosporinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Klebsiella/isolamento & purificação
17.
Enferm. glob ; 19(58): 257-266, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-195557

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Evaluar los factores de riesgo para infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria causadas por Enterobacteriaceae productoras de carbapenemas. MÉTODO: Este es un estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles que consistió en una muestra de 82 pacientes infectados y 164 controles, totalizando 246 pacientes. La recopilación de datos se realizó entre enero y mayo de 2017 mediante la búsqueda en el Sistema Automatizado de Control de Infecciones Hospitalarias y en los registros electrónicos de pacientes. RESULTADOS: Pacientes previamente colonizados con microorganismos gramnegativos (OR: 10.7, 95% CI: 2-60, p = 0.007), con cáncer (OR: 20.8, 95% CI: 4-120, p < 0.001), utilizando una catéter de doble luz (OR: 30.5, 95% CI: 2-382, p = 0.008), con lesión por presión (OR: 136.2, 95% CI: 11- 1623, p < 0.001) y permanecer en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2-1.6, p <0.001) fueron más propensos a desarrollar infecciones causadas por Enterobacteriaceae productoras de carbapenemas que el grupo control. El área bajo la curva ROC mostró un buen rendimiento general (0,99; IC 95%: 0,992-0,998) del modelo de regresión logística final. CONCLUSIÓN: La colonización previa, el cáncer, el uso de catéteres de doble luz, la lesión por presión y la estadía en la UCI fueron factores de riesgo muy importantes para la adquisición de infecciones en el entorno hospitalario


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors for healthcare-associated infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae. METHOD: This is a retrospective case-control study that consisted of a sample of 82 infected patients and 164 controls, totaling 246 patients. Data collection was performed between January and May 2017 through search in the Automated Hospital Infection Control System and in the electronic patient records. RESULTS: Patients previously colonized with gram-negative microorganisms (OR: 10.7, 95% CI: 2-60, p = 0.007), with cancer (OR: 20.8, 95% CI: 4-120, p < 0.001), using a double lumen catheter (OR: 30.5, 95% CI: 2-382, p = 0.008), with pressure injury (OR: 136.2, 95% CI: 11- 1623, p < 0.001) and Intensive Care Unit stay (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2-1.6, p <0.001) had a greater chance of developing Healthcare-associated Infections caused by KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae than the control group. The area under the ROC curve showed a good overall performance (0.99, 95% CI: 0.992-0.998) of the final logistic regression model. CONCLUSION: Previous colonization, cancer, double lumen catheter use, pressure injury and ICU stay were very important risk factors for the acquisition of infections in the hospital environment


OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores de risco para infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde causadas por Enterobactérias produtoras de Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase. MÉTODO: Estudo de caso-controle, retrospectivo que foi composto por uma amostra de 82 pacientes infectados e 164 controles, totalizando 246 pacientes. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre janeiro e maio de 2017, por meio de busca no Sistema Automatizado de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar e nos prontuários eletrônicos dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: Pacientes previamente colonizados com microrganismos gram-negativos (OR: 10,7, IC 95%: 2-60, p = 0,007), com câncer (OR: 20,8, IC 95%: 4-120, p < 0,001), utilizando cateter de duplo lúmen (OR: 30,5, IC 95%: 2-382, p = 0,008), com lesão por pressão (OR: 136,2, IC 95%: 11-1623, p < 0,001) e internação na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (OR: 1,4, IC 95%: 1,2-1,6, p < 0,001) tiveram maior chance de desenvolver infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde causadas por Enterobactérias produtoras de Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase quando comparadas ao grupo controle. A área sob a curva ROC apresentou um bom desempenho geral do modelo final de regressão logística (0,99, IC95%: 0,992-0,998). CONCLUSÃO: Colonização prévia, câncer, uso de cateter de duplo lúmen, lesão por pressão e permanência na UTI foram fatores de risco muito importantes para a aquisição de infecções no ambiente hospitalar


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/epidemiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Risco , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Retrospectivos , Lesão por Pressão/epidemiologia
19.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 32(supl.3): 3-10, sept. 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-188972

RESUMO

Ceftobiprole, a novel last generation parenteral cephalosporin, has an extended spectrum of activity, notably against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), ampicillin-susceptible enterococci, penicillin-resistant pneumococci, Enterobacterales and susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It exerts an inhibitory action on essential peptidoglycan transpeptidases, interfering with cell wall synthesis. The inhibitory action of ceftobiprole through binding to abnormal PBPs like PBP2a in methicillin-resistant staphylococci and PBP2b and PBP2x in the case of β-lactam-resistant pneumococci, ultimately leads to rapid bacterial cell death. In the case of Enterobacterales, ceftobiprole retains activity against narrow spectrum β-lactamases but is hydrolysed by their extended-spectrum counterparts, overexpressed Amp C, and carbapenemases. It is also affected by certain efflux pumps from P. aeruginosa. For anaerobic bacteria, ceftobiprole is active against Gram-positive Clostridioides difficile and Peptococcus spp. and Gram-negative Fusobacterium nucleatum but not against Bacteroides group or other anaerobic Gram-negatives. In in vitro studies, a low propensity to select for resistant subpopulations has been demonstrated. Currently, ceftobiprole is approved for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia with the exception of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ceftobiprole's place in therapy appears to lie mainly in its combined activity against Gram-positive organisms, such as S. aureus and S. pneumoniae alongside that against Gram-negative organisms such as P. aeruginosa


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cefalosporinas/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/metabolismo , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência às Penicilinas , Proteínas de Ligação às Penicilinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/tratamento farmacológico , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de beta-Lactamases/farmacologia , Cefalosporinas/metabolismo , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Endopeptidases/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Aminoaciltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Antibacterianos/metabolismo
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