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1.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 36(3): 259-266, jun. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-220756

RESUMO

Mycoplasma pneumoniae es una bacteria que carece de pared celular. Produce infecciones en todo el mundo, en brotes epidémicos cada 4-7 años, o en forma endémica. Sus manifestaciones clínicas se producen mayoritariamente en el tracto respiratorio y es una causa común de neumonía atípica. El tratamiento se realiza con macrólidos, tetraciclinas o fluoroquinolonas. Desde el año 2000 se ha detectado un aumento de resistencias a macrólidos a nivel mundial, siendo más frecuentes en Asia. En Europa la frecuencia de resistencias oscila entre el 1% y 25% en diferentes países. La combinación de técnicas moleculares y serológicas aporta una alta sensibilidad en la confirmación diagnóstica, siendo de gran utilidad para la detección y control de brotes de M. pneumoniae. La detección de resistencia a macrólidos requiere una técnica de secuenciación. (AU)


Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a bacterium that lacks a cell wall. It produces infections all It produces infections world-wide, in epidemic outbreaks every 4-7 years, or endemically. Its clinical manifestations occur mostly in the respiratory tract and it is a common cause of atypical pneumonia. The treatment is with macrolides, tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones. Since 2000, an increase in resistance to macrolides has been detected worldwide, being more frequent in Asia. In Europe the frequency of resistance ranges between 1% and 25%, depending on the country. Molecular techniques and serology techniques provides very high sensitivity in diagnostic confirmation, being very useful for detecting and controlling M. pneumoniae outbreaks. The detection of resistance to macrolides requires a sequencing technique.


Assuntos
Humanos , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Macrolídeos , União Europeia , Resistência a Medicamentos
2.
Pharm. pract. (Granada, Internet) ; 21(1): 1-5, ene.-mar. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-218485

RESUMO

Objective: The aim of this work was to know the prevalence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Jordan. Also, to assess a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in detecting these two bacteria. Methods: This is a retrospective study performed over the last five months of the 2021. All nasopharyngeal specimens from COVID-19 patients were tested for C. pneumonia, and M. pneumoniae. The C. pneumoniae Pst-1 gene and M. pneumoniae P1 cytadhesin protein gene were the targets. Results: In this study, 14 out of 175 individuals with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (8.0%) were co‐infected with C. pneumoniae or M. pneumoniae. Co‐infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 and C. pneumoniae was reported in 5 (2.9%) patients, while 9 (5.1%) patients had M. pneumoniae and SARS‐CoV‐2 co-infection. The mean (± std) of the correlation coefficient of the calibration curve for real-time PCR analysis was –0.993 (± 0.001) for C. pneumoniae and –0.994 (± 0.003) for M. pneumoniae. The mean amplification efficiencies of C. pneumoniae and M. Pneumoniae were 187.62% and 136.86%, respectively. Conclusion: In this first study based in Jordan, patients infected with COVID-19 have a low rate of atypical bacterial co-infection. However, clinicians should suspect co-infections with both common and uncommon bacteria in COVID-19 patients. Large prospective investigations are needed to give additional insight on the true prevalence of these co-infections and their impact on the clinical course of COVID-19 patients. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Chlamydophila pneumoniae , Jordânia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
3.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 40(8): 449-452, Oct. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-210276

RESUMO

Objetivo: Describir las características de pacientes diagnosticados de infección por Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de las infecciones agudas por M. pneumoniae confirmadas por PCR en el Servicio Navarro de Salud entre 2014 y 2018. Resultados: Se confirmó M. pneumoniae en el 9,5% de los pacientes analizados. Entre 123 casos confirmados, el 65% tenían 5-14 años; el 21,1%, <5 años y el 13,8%, ≥14 años. En el 83,7% se confirmó neumonía y el 22,0% presentó manifestaciones extrarrespiratorias. El 44,7% de los pacientes requirieron ingreso hospitalario. La neumonía bilateral, las crisis asmáticas y los síntomas extrarrespiratorios se asociaron a mayor riesgo de hospitalización (81,3; 72,2 y 66,7%, respectivamente). El tratamiento dirigido fue solo con macrólidos en el 60,2% y combinado con otro antibiótico en el 13,0%. Conclusión: M. pneumoniae es causa de enfermedad respiratoria aguda principalmente en menores de 14 años y requiere, con frecuencia, hospitalización.(AU)


Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Methods: A retrospective study of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of acute infections by M. pneumoniae confirmed by PCR was carried out in the Navarra Health Service (Spain) in 2014-2018. Results: M. pneumoniae infection was confirmed in 9.5% of analyzed patients. Among 123 confirmed cases, 65% were 5-14 years old, 21.1% <5 years old, and 13.8% were ≥14 years old. Pneumonia was radiologically confirmed in 83.7% of cases, and 22.0% presented extra-respiratory manifestations. A total of 44.7% of cases required hospitalization. Bilateral pneumonia, asthmatic crisis and extra-respiratory manifestations were associated to higher risk of hospitalization (81.3, 72.2 and 66.7%, respectively). Microbiological targeted treatment was monotherapy with macrolides in 60.2% of cases and combined with other antibiotics in 13.0%. Conclusion: M. pneumoniae was the cause of acute respiratory infection affecting mainly to children younger than 14 years old and frequently required hospitalization.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pacientes , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Pneumonia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Tratamento Farmacológico , Asma , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis
4.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 24(95)jul.- sept. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212659

RESUMO

Introducción: la neumonía por Mycoplasma pneumoniae continúa estando infradiagnosticada en las consultas de Pediatría de Atención Primaria, especialmente en los niños más pequeños. Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo en 9 cupos pediátricos, sobre niños desde 1 mes a 14 años con neumonía diagnosticada mediante radiografía y clínica compatible. Diagnóstico etiológico mediante serología en la fase aguda. Se analiza la relación de diferentes variables con la etiología atípica y no atípica. Resultados: de los 92 pacientes incluidos, un 30,4% fueron neumonías atípicas que, a pesar de no ser raras en menores de 2 años (26% del total a esta edad), predominaron en los mayores de 5 años (80,9%). La edad media en meses fue significativamente mayor en atípicas (74,2 ± 42,2), que en las no atípicas (35,9 ± 33,8; p <0,0001). La congestión nasal (42,8%; OR: 1,8; p <0,01) y la taquipnea (64,2%; OR: 2,4; p <0,014) fueron significativamente más frecuentes en las no atípicas. El patrón alveolar se observó en el 53,6% de las neumonías atípicas, sin diferencias con las no atípicas. Solamente un 25% de las neumonías atípicas fueron correctamente tratadas inicialmente con macrólidos en monoterapia sin existir diferencias en cuanto a su evolución con respecto a la elección de un tipo u otro de terapia antibiótica. Las neumonías no atípicas precisaron antibioterapia intravenosa con una mayor frecuencia (15,6%) de forma no estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: las neumonías por gérmenes atípicos parecen más prevalentes en niños pequeños de lo previamente descrito, en ocasiones en coexistencia con virus. Su mejor diagnóstico y tratamiento continúan siendo un reto por resolver (AU)


Introduction: pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae continues to be underdiagnosed in paediatric primary care, especially in younger children.Material and methods: prospective study conducted in 9 primary care paediatric caseloads, including children aged 1 month to 14 years with pneumonia diagnosed based on compatible radiographic findings and clinical features. The aetiological diagnosis was made by acute-phase serological testing. We analysed the association of different variables with atypical and typical aetiologies.Results: of the 92 patients in the sample, 30.4% had atypical pneumonias which, while not rare in children under 2 years (26%) predominated in children over 5 years (80.9%). The mean age in months was significantly higher in cases with an atypical (74.2±42.2) versus typical (35.9±33.8) aetiology (p<0.0001). Nasal congestion (42.8%; OR 1.8; p<0.01) and tachypnoea (64.2%; OR 2.4; p<0.014) were significantly more frequent in typical pneumonia. The alveolar pattern was observed in 53.6% of atypical pneumonias, with no differences compared to typical pneumonias. Only 25% of atypical pneumonia cases were treated correctly with first-line macrolide monotherapy, with no differences in outcomes based on the choice of antibiotherapy. Patients with typical pneumonia required intravenous antibiotic therapy more frequently (15.6%), but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion: atypical germs were more frequent at younger ages than previously described, in some cases with concomitant detection of viruses. Improving the diagnosis and treatment of atypical pneumonia remains a challenge. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos
6.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 50(1): 31-36, ene 2, 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-203083

RESUMO

Between the winter of 2018 and the end of 2019, there has been an epidemic of adenovirus infection in southern China, including Zhejiang Province. The number of children suffering from adenovirus pneumonia (AP) has significantly increased. AP can be accompanied by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children. This study aimed to investigate the association of M. pneumoniae and identify the risk factors for coinfection on hospitalized patients with AP. The patients were classified into two groups by etiologic analysis (single AP and AP with M. pneumoniae coinfection groups). The clinical manifestations, clinical medication, and laboratory and imaging findings of the two groups were compared and analyzed. The coinfection group (n = 125) had a significantly longer duration of fever than the single AP group (n = 171; P = 0.03). Shortness of breath (P = 0.023) and pulmonary imaging findings, such as pulmonary consolidation, atelectasis, pleural effusion, and multilobe lesions (P < 0.05), were more common in the coinfection group. The patients with coinfection had more severe symptoms, significantly longer hospitalization time and an increased proportion of using glucocorticoids and/or immunoglobulin needing oxygen inhalation (P < 0.05). The incidence of AP with M. pneumoniae coinfection is high. The prolonged fever duration and pulmonary imaging findings could be used as prediction factors to predict M. pneumoniae coinfection in children with AP. Patients with AP coinfected with MP may easily develop severe illness. Hence, a reasonable change in the treatment is necessary (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
7.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 23(91): 297-299, jul.- sept. 2021. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-222879

RESUMO

Mycoplasma pneumoniae es un patógeno implicado en la etiología de procesos respiratorios, pero también en otras entidades extrapulmonares, entre ellas la “mucositis y exantema inducido por Mycoplasma pneumoniae”, descrita por primera vez en 2015. Se presentan dos casos clínicos de una niña de cinco años y un niño de seis ingresados en nuestro hospital con esta entidad. Al tratarse de un diagnóstico de reciente descripción y poco frecuente, es necesario su conocimiento por pediatras, oftalmólogos y dermatólogos para un manejo adecuado (AU)


Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pathogen involved in the etiology of respiratory processes, but also in other extrapulmonary entities, including “Mycoplasma induced-rash and mucositis”, first described in 2015. Two clinical cases of a 5-year-old girl and a 6-year-old boy admitted to our hospital with this entity are presented. As it is a recently described and infrequent diagnosis, its knowledge by pediatricians, ophthalmologists and dermatologists is necessary for proper management. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Doenças da Boca/diagnóstico , Doenças da Boca/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Doenças da Boca/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Mycoplasma/tratamento farmacológico
9.
Pediatr. catalan ; 80(4): 163-167, oct.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Catalão | IBECS | ID: ibc-200120

RESUMO

FONAMENT: Mycoplasma pneumoniae I Chlamydophila pneu-moniae són agents causals freqüents de la pneumònia adquirida a la comunitat (PAC) en pediatria, I les tècniques com la reacció en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) poden facilitar-ne el diagnòstic etiològic precoç, adequant l'antibioteràpia emprada. OBJECTIU: Descriure l'ús d'aquesta tècnica en el maneig ambulatori dels pacients pediàtrics amb PAC que acudeixen a urgències. MÈTODE: Estudi observacional, retrospectiu I descriptiu de pacients pediàtrics diagnosticats de PAC a urgències amb maneig ambulatori. RESULTATS: De 67 pacients, el 32,8% va obtenir un resultat positiu per a bacteris atípics. El percentatge de resultats positius en <4 anys va ser del 10,0% I en ≥4 anys del 42,6% (p = 0,021). Van rebre antibiòtic empíric a l'alta 49 pacients dels 67 (73,1%): 31 macròlids, 12 betalactàmics I 6 ambdós. Amb el resultat de la PCR, per resultat negatiu es van retirar els macròlids a 25 dels 37 als quals se'ls havia pautat (67,6%) I es va pautar a 10 dels 22 casos positius que no els estaven rebent (45,5%). CONCLUSIONS: La PCR de bacteris atípics facilita el diagnòstic microbiològic ràpid I l'adequació de l'antibioteràpia, i, sobretot, evita l'excés de tractament amb macròlids a les urgències pediàtriques


FUNDAMENTO: Mycoplasma pneumoniae y Chlamydophila pneumoniae son agentes causales frecuentes de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en pediatría, y las técnicas como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) pueden facilitar su diagnóstico etiológico precoz, adecuando la antibioterapia utilizada. OBJETIVO: Describir el uso de esta técnica en el manejo ambulatorio de los pacientes pediátricos con NAC que acuden a urgencias. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados de NAC en urgencias manejados ambulatoriamente. RESULTADOS: De 67 pacientes, el 32,8% obtuvo resultado positivo para bacterias atípicas. El porcentaje de resultados positivos en <4 años fue del 10,0% y en ≥4 años de 42,6% (p = 0,021). Recibieron antibiótico empírico 49 pacientes de los 67 (73,1%): 31 macrólidos, 12 betalactámicos y 6 ambos. Con el resultado de la PCR, por resultado negativo se retiraron los macrólidos a 25 de los 37 a los que se les había pautado (67,6%) y se pautó a 10 de los 22 casos positivos que no los estaban recibiendo (45,5%). CONCLUSIONES: La PCR de bacterias atípicas facilita el diagnóstico microbiológico rápido y la adecuación de la antibioterapia, evitando sobre todo el exceso de tratamiento con macrólidos en urgencias


BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneu-moniae are frequent causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. Techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can facilitate early diagnosis and adequacy of antibiotic therapy. OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of this test in the ambulatory management of children with CAP seen in the emergency room. METHOD: Observational, retrospective and descriptive study of children diagnosed with CAP in the emergency room and managed as outpatients. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients were recruited and 22 (32.8%) had a positive PCR for atypical bacteria. The percentage of positive results in children <4 years was 10.0% and it was 42.6% in children ≥4 years (p = 0.021). Forty-nine (73.1%) patients received antibiotic treatment: 31 received macrolides, 12 beta-lactams and 6 both. The results of the PCR test resulted in discontinuation of macrolide treatment in 25 of 37 patients (67.6%) after a negative PCR test and in its prescription to 10 of the 22 (45.5%) positive cases that were not receiving it. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PCR for atypical bacteria in the emergency department facilitates rapid microbiological diagnosis and the adequacy of antibiotic therapy, avoiding over-treatment with macrolides


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/genética , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/genética , Infecções por Chlamydophila/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estações do Ano
11.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 95(5): 0-0, mayo 2020. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-186850

RESUMO

El objetivo es describir dos cuadros clínicos neuroftalmológicos en niños por infección sistémica por Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae). Se presentan los casos de dos niñas de 14 y 12 años que acudieron a urgencias: la primera con oftalmoplejía internuclear y la segunda con pérdida de visión y cefalea. No presentaban otra focalidad neurológica. En la imagen de resonancia magnética se evidenciaron placas hiperintensas en ambas, sugerentes de cuadro desmielinizante. Al mes, los síntomas neuroftalmológicos se resolvieron y las resonancias magnéticas de control fueron normales. El diagnóstico fue encefalitis diseminada aguda secundaria a M. pneumoniae. El diagnóstico se hace por PCR (gold standard) y/o IgM en serología. Es importante pensar en esta posible etiología ante casos sugerentes de enfermedad desmielinizante. Existe controversia sobre el papel de los antibióticos y si se contemplan los corticoides. Como conclusión, M. pneumoniae debe ser diagnóstico diferencial en afectaciones neuroftalmológicas agudas en niños


The purpose of this article is to describe two paediatric neuro-ophthalmological clinical cases caused by a systemic infection due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae). The cases are two girls aged 14 and 12 seen in the Emergency Department: The first one had internuclear ophthalmoplegia and second with loss of vision and headache. They had no other neurological foci. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintense plaques in both, suggestive of a demyelinating disease. One month later, the neuro-ophthalmological symptoms resolved, with normal follow-up magnetic resonance imagings. The diagnosis was acute disseminated encephalitis secondary to M. pneumoniae. The diagnosis was made using PCR (gold standard) and/or IgM in serology. It is important to think about this possible aetiology in cases of suggestive demyelinating disease. There is controversy about the role of antibiotics and on whether corticosteroids are contemplated. In conclusion, M. pneumoniae must be a differential diagnosis in acute neuro-ophthalmological disorders in children


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Infecções por Mycoplasma/complicações , Encefalomielite Aguda Disseminada/complicações , Encefalomielite Aguda Disseminada/virologia , Transtornos da Motilidade Ocular/etiologia , Neurite Óptica/etiologia , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Encefalomielite Aguda Disseminada/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica
12.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 91(1): 21-29, jul. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-186693

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: aMycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) es uno de los agentes etiológicos más comunes de las neumonías adquiridas en la comunidad (NAC) en niños. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas, tratamiento y evolución de los pacientes con NAC por MP (NACM) en un hospital terciario de Valencia, España. Material y métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de los niños<14 años con NACM entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2015. Los pacientes con evidencia radiológica de neumonía y confirmación microbiológica de MP (PCR de exudado nasofaríngeo y/o anticuerpos IgM específicos frente a MP) se consideraron NACM. Resultados: Un total de 162 pacientes se diagnosticaron de NACM; mediana de edad de 6 años (rango intercuartílico: 4-9 años). La proporción de pruebas positivas para MP en pacientes con NAC, así como el uso empírico de macrólidos, aumentó progresivamente con la edad. Hubo un pico de casos en 2011 y en 2015, con un máximo de casos en julio, agosto, noviembre y diciembre. El patrón radiológico más frecuente fue el infiltrado segmentario (62,3%), mientras que 22 (13,6%) presentaron derrame pleural. Los niños con NACM desarrollaron una clínica leve, con poca elevación de parámetros inflamatorios. Se inició tratamiento empírico con un macrólido en el 68,5% de los casos. La necesidad de ingreso hospitalario fue inversamente proporcional a la edad del paciente. Conclusiones: Según este estudio, los niños con NAC de mayor edad tuvieron la mayor proporción de infección por MP, siendo poco sintomáticos y con escasa elevación de parámetros inflamatorios, pudiéndose beneficiar del tratamiento empírico con macrólidos. Por consiguiente, conocer la epidemiología de un área geográfica podría ser importante para el abordaje de las NAC en niños


Introduction and objectives: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is one of the most common etiological agents of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. We aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics, treatment and outcome of children diagnosed with community-acquired MP pneumonia (CAMP) in a tertiary hospital in Valencia, Spain. Material and methods: Medical records of children <14 years with CAMP were retrospectively reviewed from January 2010 to December 2015. Patients with radiological evidence of pneumonia and microbiological confirmation of MP (PCR from nasopharyngeal swab and/or serum specific IgM) were considered CAMP. Results: One hundred and sixty two children were diagnosed with CAMP; median age 6 years (IQR: 4-9). The positive MP test rate among children with CAP progressively increased with age as did the empirical use of macrolides. There were two peaks of cases in 2011 and in 2015, being July, August, November and December the seasons with the higher number of cases. The most frequent radiological pattern was segmental infiltrate (62.3%) and 22 (13.6%) children had pleural effusion. It was noteworthy the mild symptomatology and low levels of inflammatory parameters that children with CAMP had. A macrolide was empirically initiated in 68.5% of cases. Hospital admission rate was inversely proportional to patient's age. Conclusions: According to this study, older, less symptomatic patients and with lower inflammatory parameters had the greatest rate of MP infection among children with CAP and thus they could benefit of empiric macrolide therapy. Therefore, knowing the epidemiology of a geographical area may be important for the management of CAP in children


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Macrolídeos/administração & dosagem , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia
13.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 21(81): 61-64, ene.-mar. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-184535

RESUMO

La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad es una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad en Pediatría. La gran mayoría de las neumonías se resuelven de forma ambulatoria, sin necesidad de realizar un diagnóstico etiológico. La edad es el parámetro que mejor se correlaciona con el agente causal, sin embargo, hasta un 20-30% de los casos se debe a una infección mixta por diferentes gérmenes. Lo más frecuentemente descrito son coinfecciones por virus y bacterias, especialmente virus respiratorio sincitial con Streptococcus pneumoniae y Mycoplasma pneumoniae. La asociación de tres o más patógenos es excepcional. El papel de la coinfección es desconocido en cuanto a pronóstico y evolución, ni se puede precisar si los agentes son concomitantes en el tiempo o agravantes evolutivos. Presentamos el caso de una niña con una neumonía por Mycoplasma pneumoniae que presenta clínica y radiografía compatible con Streptococcus pneumoniae y además serología positiva IgM para virus de Epstein-Barr y parvovirus B19


Childhood community-acquired pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Most of them are solved on an outpatient setting, without an etiological diagnosis. Age is the parameter that best correlates with the etiology, however, up to 20-30% of cases is due to a mixed infection by different germs. Most frequently coinfections by viruses and bacteria are described, especially respiratory syncytial virus with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. However, the association of three or more pathogens is exceptional. The role of this co-pathogenicity is unknown about prognosis and evolution and cannot be specified if agents are concomitant over time or developmental aggravating factors. We present the case of a girl with pneumonia by Mycoplasma pneumoniae who presents symptoms and radiography similar to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and also positive serology testing IgM for Epstein-Barr virus and parvovirus B19


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Lactente , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Parvovirus B19 Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Coinfecção/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Parvovirus B19 Humano/patogenicidade
14.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 46(5): 508-513, sept.-oct. 2018. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-177888

RESUMO

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an intracellular bacterium leading to several complications in humans. M. pneumoniae is cleared in some cases and induces complications in others. The main responsible mechanisms regarding the controversy are yet to be cleared. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the important cell membrane and intracellular receptors which recognize a wide range of microbial macromolecules. The roles of TLRs in the eradication of several pathogens and also induction of their related complications have been demonstrated. This review article presents recent data about the roles of TLRs in the induction of immune responses which lead to M. pneumoniae eradication and related complications


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/imunologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/imunologia , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/imunologia , Receptores Toll-Like/imunologia
15.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 76(5/6): e64-e68, mayo-jun. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-177406

RESUMO

Introducción: La miositis aguda es una complicación de la infección por el virus influenza. Clínicamente predomina el dolor en las extremidades inferiores con impotencia funcional y sin afectación de los reflejos osteotendinosos, que acompaña a los síntomas de la infección gripal. Asocia una elevación de la creatina-fosfocinasa (CPK) y otras enzimas musculares. Casos clínicos: Caso 1: Niño de 6 años de edad que acude a la consulta por presentar dolor en los miembros inferiores, con rechazo de la deambulación y fiebre. En la exploración se detecta un dolor en la zona gemelar y en el cuádriceps femoral, sin afectación articular. En la analítica al ingreso hospitalario se obtuvo una CPK de 3.614 UI/L y se detectó la presencia de hipertransaminasemia (GOT/GPT 156/42 UI/L). En el exudado nasofaríngeo se obtuvo positividad para el virus influenza A subtipo H1N1. Al quinto día, el paciente presentó leucopenia con neutropenia, con cifras de CPK de 6.529 UI/L y una elevación de las transaminasas (GOT/GPT 431/107 UI/L). Al sexto día se logró una mejoría clínica del paciente con tratamiento sintomático, y al séptimo día se produjo una normalización analítica. Caso 2: Niño de 5 años de edad que acude a la consulta por presentar fiebre y tos de 2 días de evolución. En la analítica al ingreso se obtuvieron cifras de procalcitonina de 2,94 ng/mL e índice normalizado internacional de 1,37. Se inició tratamiento con cefotaxima i.v., que se suspendió ante la positividad para el virus influenza A/H1N1 en el exudado nasofaríngeo. Al quinto día el paciente presentó mialgias en los miembros inferiores, y en la analítica se detectó leucopenia con neutropenia, cifras de CPK de 9.288 UI/L y una elevación de las transaminasas (GOT/GPT 363/95 UI/L). Se obtuvieron una mejoría clínica al sexto día y una normalización analítica al séptimo. Conclusión: La miositis aguda benigna es una entidad infradiagnosticada que debe tenerse presente en los niños con mialgias en época epidémica. Es una entidad autolimitada, con resolución espontánea, por lo que un diagnóstico adecuado evita la realización de pruebas innecesarias


Introduction: The miositis acute is a complication described of the infection by the influenza virus. Clinically it predominates muscle weakness in the lower limbs, tendon reflexes of lower limbs was normal, that accompanies to the symptoms of the infection gripal. It associates elevation of the CPK and other muscle enzymes. Clinical cases: Case 1: Boy of 6 years brought by lower limbs pain with progressive walking difficulty and fever. Exploration: Gastrocnemius-soleus muscles on both sides were soft on palpation, without joint pains. On admission laboratory tests showed a significant increase in blood levels of creatinine phosphokinase (3614 UI/L), alanine transaminase (156 U/L) and aspartate transaminase (42 UI/L). Viral tests for influenza A/H1N1 was positive. On the fifth day presents leukopenia with neutropenia, CPK 6529 UI/L and elder hypertransaminases (GOT/GPT: 431/107 UI/L). Clinical improvement on the sixth day. Laboratory tests was normal at the seventh day of admission. Case 2: Boy of 5 years brought by fever and cough since two days ago. On admission laboratory tests showed procalcitonin 2.94 ng/mL and INR of 1.37. Was started intravenous cefotaxime treatment and it is suspended after viral tests for influenza A/H1N1 was positive. On the fifth day presents lower limbs pain; in laboratory tests showed leukopenia with neutropenia, an increase in blood levels of creatinine phosphokinase (9288 UI/L), alanine transaminase (363 U/L) and aspartate transaminase (95 UI/L). Clinical improvement on the sixth day of admission and laboratory tests was normal at the seventh day. Conclusion: Benign acute childhood myositis is a rare entity and underdiagnosed, we must think in it when patient present acute onset of typical myositis clinical findings in colds months. Is a self-limiting process with a rapid clinical resolution. Recognition of this rare clinical entity is essential to prevent unnecessary invasive testing


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Miosite/complicações , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Mialgia/diagnóstico , Miosite/diagnóstico , Extremidade Inferior , Dor/etiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação
19.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 44(5): 467-471, sept.-oct. 2016. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-155861

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a frequent cause of respiratory infections in school children and adolescents. Epidemiological suspicion is important, since there are no specific symptoms or signs to help in diagnosing infection caused by this agent. OBJECTIVE: To determine the variation in prevalence over the last 10 years of M. pneumoniae IgM seropositivity according to age, particularly in pre-schoolers. Method: The results of M. pneumoniae IgM serological testing between January 2004 and December 2013 were analysed. Variables such as gender and month and year of sample processing were studied according to age groups (<5, 5-18, 19-50, 51-70 and >70 years of age). RESULTS: Of a total of 20,020 serological samples, 31.9% proved positive for M. pneumoniae. All age groups showed increases in percentage seropositivity over the last 10 years, although the most significant increase corresponded to the 5-18 years group (from 15.8% to 54%), followed by children <5 years of age (from 8.6% to 30%). Seropositivity was significantly higher in women in all age groups, except in those over 50 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Children under five years of age were the group with the second highest increase in seropositivity


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/imunologia , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Sorologia/métodos , Imunoglobulina M , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , 28599
20.
Actas dermo-sifiliogr. (Ed. impr.) ; 107(7): e47-e51, sept. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-155539

RESUMO

La infección respiratoria por Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) puede producir erupciones cutáneo-mucosas que se han considerado parte del espectro eritema multiforme o del síndrome de Stevens-Johnson. La clasificación de estas reacciones cutáneas, que tiene importancia pronóstica y terapéutica, ha generado mucha controversia en la literatura. Recientemente, una revisión sistemática de 202 casos de erupciones mucocutáneas asociadas a infección por MP concluye que pueden constituir una entidad distinta para la que se propone la expresión Mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis. Presentamos un caso de infección respiratoria aguda por MP con lesiones mucosas y cutáneas difíciles de clasificar como eritema multiforme o síndrome de Stevens-Johnson, y cuyas características son compatibles con la nueva enfermedad propuesta


Respiratory tract infection due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae can provoke cutaneous and mucosal rashes, which have been classified within the spectrum of erythema multiforme or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. This classification is of therapeutic and prognostic importance and has generated intense debate in the literature. A recent systematic review of 202 cases of mucocutaneous rashes associated with M. pneumoniae infection concluded that these rashes might constitute a distinct entity, for which the term Mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis was proposed. We describe a patient with acute M pneumoniae respiratory tract infection who presented mucosal and cutaneous lesions that were difficult to classify as erythema multiforme or Stevens-Johnson syndrome; the lesions were compatible with the proposed new disease


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Exantema/complicações , Exantema/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Mycoplasma/complicações , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson/complicações , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson/tratamento farmacológico , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Aciclovir/uso terapêutico , Exantema/patologia , Mucosite/complicações , Mucosite/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Mycoplasma/patologia , Mucosite/patologia , Hiperemia/complicações , Radiografia Torácica/métodos , Biópsia/métodos , Hiperpigmentação/complicações , Hidratação
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