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1.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 24(3): 586-596, marzo 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-203553

RESUMO

PurposeThe combined therapy of inhibiting T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) and programmed cell death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) has shown encouraging therapeutic effects in some solid tumors. However, the expression of PD1/PDL1 and TIM3 in fibroblastic tumors is ill defined, which has limited the application of these immune checkpoint inhibitors in such tumors.MethodsImmunostaining of 68 tissue microarray cores of fibroblastic tumors, including intermediate dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and malignant myxofibrosarcoma and adult-type fibrosarcoma, was used to determine the expression of PD1, PDL1 and TIM3, as well as their relationship with the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs).ResultsBoth PD1 and PDL1 expression was only observed in a small proportion of fibroblastic tumors, whereas TIM3 was expressed in almost all tumors. However, only the positive expression of PDL1 was related to tumors with high grade and staging. A considerable number of TILs, including CD4- and CD8A-positive T cells and a small group of FoxP3-positive T cells, was also observed in most tumors. The density of TIM3 was positively correlated with that of TILs. Furthermore, higher densities of TIM3, CD4, CD8A and FoxP3 were observed in PD1 and PDL1 double-positive fibroblastic tumors.ConclusionsThis study indicates that TILs with high expression of TIM3 may contribute to immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment of fibroblastic tumors. Patients with fibroblastic tumors with high expression of PD1/PDL1 and TIM3 may therefore benefit from combination therapy with PD1/PDL1 and TIM3 inhibitors.


Assuntos
Antígeno B7-H1/biossíntese , Fibrossarcoma/imunologia , Fibrossarcoma/metabolismo , Vírus da Hepatite A , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/biossíntese
2.
Gastroenterol. hepatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 45(2): 99-105, Feb. 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-204137

RESUMO

Background: Acute hepatitis A is usually a self-limited viral disease but can be severe and even fatal in special groups of patients including those with chronic liver disease and recipients of liver transplantation. To take appropriate preventive measures, it is important to determine the immune status against the hepatitis A virus in patients at risk of grave clinical outcomes following infection. To assess the need for immunization against hepatitis A, we aimed to determine the immune status against hepatitis A in a population of liver transplant recipients. We also investigated the association between hepatitis A immune status and demographic factors such as age and sex, underlying liver disease, source of drinking water, geographical area of residence and socioeconomic status.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 242 recipients of allogenic liver transplants at Abu Ali Sina Organ Transplant Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, between January 2017 and April 2017. The level of immunity was assessed using hepatitis A antibody detection kits.Results: The rate of immunity against hepatitis A was detected as 88.8% in our study population. In the multivariable logistic regression model, younger age (OR=1.175, P<0.001) and higher education level (OR=2.142, P=0.040) were the main determinants of non-immune status. However, hepatitis A immunity was independent of gender, monthly family income, water supply source, residential area and underlying liver disorder.Conclusion: Although a significant proportion of liver transplant recipients in this study showed evidence of natural immunity to hepatitis A, a considerable proportion of younger patients and those with a higher level of education were non-immune. The results of this study signify the importance of screening for hepatitis A immunity in this at-risk population of patients and the need for vaccinating non-immune patients.


Antecedentes: La hepatitis A aguda suele ser una enfermedad viral autolimitada, pero puede ser grave e incluso mortal en grupos especiales de pacientes, incluidos aquellos con enfermedad hepática crónica y los receptores de un trasplante de hígado. Para tomar las medidas preventivas adecuadas, es importante determinar el estado inmunológico frente al virus de la hepatitis A en pacientes con riesgo de sufrir resultados clínicos graves después de la infección. Para evaluar la necesidad de inmunización contra la hepatitis A, nuestro objetivo fue determinar el estado inmunológico contra la hepatitis A en una población de receptores de trasplante de hígado. También investigamos la asociación entre el estado inmunológico de la hepatitis A y factores demográficos como la edad y el sexo, la enfermedad hepática subyacente, la fuente de agua potable, el área geográfica de residencia y el nivel socioeconómico.Métodos: este estudio transversal se realizó en 242 receptores de trasplantes de hígado alogénicos en el hospital de trasplantes de órganos “Abu Ali Sina” en Shiraz, Irán, entre enero de 2017 y abril de 2017. El nivel de inmunidad se evaluó mediante kits de detección de anticuerpos contra la hepatitis A.Resultados: La tasa de inmunidad contra la hepatitis A se detectó como 88,8% en nuestra población de estudio. En el modelo de regresión logística multivariable, la edad más joven (OR=1,175, p<0,001) y el nivel de educación superior (OR=2,142, p=0,040) fueron los principales determinantes del estado no inmunitario. Sin embargo, la inmunidad contra la hepatitis A fue independiente del sexo, el ingreso familiar mensual, la fuente de suministro de agua, el área residencial y la enfermedad hepática subyacente.


Assuntos
Humanos , Imunidade , Vírus da Hepatite A/imunologia , Transplantados , Transplante de Fígado , Irã (Geográfico) , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Estudos Transversais , Gastroenterologia , Modelos Logísticos , Modelos Lineares
3.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 220(7): 400-408, oct. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-199639

RESUMO

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS: Desde junio de 2016 se han producido brotes de hepatitis A en diversos países europeos, afectando principalmente a hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue valorar su impacto clínico y epidemiológico en Cantabria. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se recogieron retrospectivamente todos los casos de hepatitis A diagnosticados en Cantabria entre enero de 2013 y septiembre de 2018. Se compararon dos periodos (enero 2013-mayo 2016 y junio 2016-septiembre 2018). RESULTADOS: Se diagnosticaron un total de 156 casos, objetivándose un aumento de la incidencia a partir de octubre de 2016. Con respecto al periodo 2013-2016, se observó una mayor proporción de varones (50,0 vs. 84,5%; p = 0,012) con una predominancia de la orientación sexual homosexual (80,6%) y una mayor frecuencia de transmisión sexual (0 vs. 48,3%; p = 0,061) en los pacientes del periodo 2016-2018. Desde el punto de vista clínico destacó que todos los casos de hepatitis grave ocurrieron en este último periodo. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestros resultados reafirman el elevado impacto clínico y epidemiológico del brote epidémico en Cantabria y ponen de relieve la necesaria optimización de las actuales medidas de prevención contra la hepatitis A


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Since June 2016, there have been outbreaks of hepatitis A in various European countries, mainly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim of this study was to assess their clinical and epidemiological impact in Cantabria, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected all cases of hepatitis A diagnosed in Cantabria between January 2013 and September 2018. We compared 2 periods: January 2013-May 2016 and June 2016-September 2018. RESULTS: A total of 156 cases were diagnosed, observing an increase in the incidence starting in October 2016. With regard to 2013-2016, we observed a higher proportion of men (50.0% vs. 84.5%; p=.012) with a predominance of the homosexual orientation (80.6%) and a higher rate of sexual transmission (0% vs. 48.3%; p=.061) for the patients in the 2016-2018 period. From the clinical standpoint, all cases of severe hepatitis occurred during this latter period. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reaffirm the high clinical and epidemiological impact of the epidemic outbreak in Cantabria and emphasizes the need for optimising the current prevention measures against hepatitis A


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Vírus da Hepatite A/patogenicidade , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 112(6): 448-455, jun. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-199792

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: there has been a global increase in the incidence of hepatitis A infection. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of the increase in our region and the degree of adherence to the recommended hygienic measures after discharge from hospital. METHODS: demographic, clinical and biochemical variables were collected from patients with acute hepatitis A in our health area. The patients were grouped as follows: January 2010 to December 2016 (historical cohort) and January 2017 to October 2017 (recent cohort). A phylogenetic analysis was also performed in the recent cohort. One month after discharge, bacterial growth was evaluated by a culture of the dominant hand imprint and were compared with a control group. RESULTS: a total of 110 cases were registered with a median age of 36.3 years (range 3-89) and 77.3 % were male. The incidence was 0.82/100,000 inhabitants/year and 22.75/100,000 inhabitants/year in the historical and recent cohorts, respectively. Patients in the recent cohort were more frequently male (52.6 % vs. 82.4 %, p = 0.008) and younger (51.7 [3-89] vs. 33.4 [4-74] years, p < 0.001). In addition, 63.8 % of the recent cohort were men who had sex with other men and had unsafe sexual practices (37.5 %). Phylogenetic analysis showed a predominance of genotype A and a high frequency of the VRD 521-2016 sequence. A higher growth of enterobacteria was observed in patients with hepatitis A compared to the control group (7.3 % vs. 1.2 %, p = 0.005), despite specific hygienic measures given at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: a recent outbreak of hepatitis A in our area was related with gender, younger age and sexual practices. Hepatitis A infected subjects showed a poor adherence to hygienic measures. Our data suggests the need for policies that encourage preventive actions, particularly vaccination in this high-risk group


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Vírus da Hepatite A/genética , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Hepatite A/etiologia , Comportamento Sexual , Higiene , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Estudos de Coortes , Fatores de Risco , Incidência , Filogenia
7.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 94: 0-0, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193573

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: En Galicia, la incidencia (I) de hepatitis A (HA) es baja y la susceptibilidad es del 51% en adultos (18-64 años). Entre 2016 y 2018 se incrementaron los casos, fundamentalmente en hombres. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los casos de HA en Galicia en este periodo de brote (PB), compararlos con el periodo pre-brote (PPB), y describir las intervenciones realizadas. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los casos de HA declarados entre 2016-2018 (PB), comparados con los del periodo previo (2010-2015, PPB). Se incluyeron los casos del Sistema de Notificación Obligatoria (por atención primaria, hospitalaria y microbiología) de 2010 a 2018. Se calculó el canal epidémico para el PPB, como media de casos/cuatrisemana para comparar casos observados/esperados. La incidencia (I) [casos por cada 100.000 habitantes (c/105h)] por sexo y edad se comparó con el PPB mediante el Riesgo Relativo (RR). Se enviaron mensajes con recomendaciones específicas a través de webs de referencia para hombres que tenían sexo con hombres (HSH). RESULTADOS: El brote duró 20 cuatrisemanas (septiembre de 2016 a marzo de 2018). La incidencia fue de 3 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes en hombres y 0,5 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes en mujeres. Frente al PPB, el RR-PB en hombres fue 4,8 (IC95%=4-7) y 20,4 (IC95%=5-87) entre 40 y 44 años. El 42% de los hombres respondieron tener relaciones con otros hombres (el 57% entre 20 y 30 años). A finales de 2016 se envió a través de Wapo (una de las webs de referencia de HSH) un mensaje con recomendaciones (fundamentalmente sobre vacunación), registrándose 331 entradas. CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia de HA aumenta en Galicia en el período 2016-2018 por un brote en HSH. La susceptibilidad se incrementa entre jóvenes, lo que hace necesario insistir en la vacunación de los grupos de riesgo


OBJECTIVE: In Galicia, the incidence (I) of hepatitis A (HA) is low and the susceptibility is 51% in adults (18-64 years). Between 2016 and 2018 the cases increased, mainly in men. We intend to describe the cases of HA in Galicia during this outbreak period (PB), compare them with the pre-outbreak period (PPB), and the interventions performed. METHODS: Descriptive study of the cases of HA declared between 2016-18 (PB), compared to those from the previous period (2010-2015, PPB). Cases recorded in the mandatory notification system (general practice, hospitalization and microbiology) from 2010 to 2018 were included. For the pre-outbreak period 2010-2015 (PPB) it was calculated the average of cases/four-week period to compare observed/expected cases; the incidence (I) [cases/100,000 inhabitants (c/105h)] by sex and age was compared with the PPB through the Relative Risk (RR). It were sent messages with recommendations through men who have sex with men (MSM) reference websites. RESULTS: The outbreak lasted 80 weeks (september of 2016 to march of 2018). The incidence was 3 cases/105h in men and 0.5 cases/105h in women. Compared to the PPB, the RR-PB in men was 4.8 (95%CI=4-7) and 20.4 (95%CI=5-87) in 40-44 years. 42% of men declared to have relationships with other men (57% in 20-30 years). At the end of 2016, a message with recommendations (specially vaccination) was sent via Wapo (promoted to MSM through one of its reference websites), where 331 entries were registered. CONCLUSIONS: HA's incidence, in Galicia, increased in 2016-2018 by an outbreak in MSM. We found an increased susceptibility among young people which makes necessary to insist on the vaccination of groups at risk


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Vírus da Hepatite A/patogenicidade , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Espanha/epidemiologia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Incidência
9.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 34(1): 33-38, ene. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-148503

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las encuestas de seroprevalencia permiten conocer el nivel de endemicidad del virus de la hepatitis A (VHA). El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la seroprevalencia (SP) de anticuerpos frente al VHA por grupos de edad y compararlos con los obtenidos en las anteriores encuestas. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional de tipo transversal. La población diana está constituida por los residentes de 2-60 años de edad de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se ha realizado un muestreo por conglomerados bietápico, con estratificación de las unidades de primera etapa. Tras la firma del consentimiento informado, a cada participante se le extrajo una muestra de suero para el estudio y se recogieron datos sociodemográficos mediante un cuestionario. RESULTADOS: La SP de anticuerpos frente a hepatitis A es de 46,8% (IC95%: 44,6-49,0). La SP aumenta con la edad. Es mayor en la población procedente de países de mayor endemicidad y en la población con menor nivel de estudios y clase social más baja. Con relación a la encuesta anterior se observa un incremento de la SP en los menores de 30 años y un descenso a partir de esa edad. Si se considera sólo la población autóctona y procedente de países de muy baja endemicidad, el incremento es estadísticamente significativo en el grupo de 2-5 años. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestra región presenta un nivel de endemicidad muy bajo por lo que, siguiendo las recomendaciones de la OMS, la vacunación debe ser dirigida a grupos específicos de riesgo


INTRODUCTION: Seroprevalence surveys enable the level of endemicity of hepatitis A (HAV) to be assessed. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence (SP) antibody against HAV by age group, and compare it with those obtained in previous surveys. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study. The target population consists of residents from 2 to 60 years old in the Community of Madrid. Two-stage cluster sampling was performed with stratification of first stage units. After signing the informed consent, a serum sample was extracted from each participant and sociodemographic data were collected by a questionnaire. RESULTS: SP antibodies to hepatitis A is 46.8% (95% CI 44.6 to 49.0). The SP increases with age. It is higher in the population from more endemic countries and people with less education and lower social class. In relation to the previous survey, SP increased in the population under 30 years old, and a decline after that age is observed. If only the autochthonous population and from countries with very low endemicity is observed, the increase is statistically significant in the 2-5 years age group. CONCLUSIONS: Our region has a very low level of endemicity thus, following the recommendations of WHO, vaccination should be targeted at specific risk groups


Assuntos
Humanos , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite A/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Vírus da Hepatite A/patogenicidade , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/organização & administração , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos
10.
Int. microbiol ; 18(1): 41-49, mar. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-141143

RESUMO

This study evaluates the effectiveness of solar water disinfection (SODIS) in the reduction and inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and of the human Norovirus surrogate, murine Norovirus (MNV-1), under natural solar conditions. Experiments were performed in 330 ml polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles containing HAV or MNV-1 contaminated waters (103 PFU/ml) that were exposed to natural sunlight for 2 to 8 h. Parallel experiments under controlled temperature and/or in darkness conditions were also included. Samples were concentrated by electropositive charged filters and analysed by RT-real time PCR (RT-qPCR) and infectivity assays. Temperature reached in bottles throughout the exposure period ranged from 22 to 40ºC. After 8 h of solar exposure (cumulative UV dose of ~828 kJ/m2 and UV irradiance of ~20 kJ/l), the results showed significant (P < 0.05) reductions from 4.0 (±0.56) ×104 to 3.15 (±0.69) × 103 RNA copies/100 ml (92.1%, 1.1 log) for HAV and from 5.91 (±0.59) × 104 to 9.24 (±3.91) × 103 RNA copies/100 ml (84.4%, 0.81 log) for MNV-1. SODIS conditions induced a loss of infectivity between 33.4% and 83.4% after 4 to 8 h in HAV trials, and between 33.4% and 66.7% after 6 h to 8 h in MNV-1 trials. The results obtained indicated a greater importance of sunlight radiation over the temperature as the main factor for viral reduction (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
24961 , Desinfecção da Água/métodos , Água Potável/análise , Vírus da Hepatite A/efeitos da radiação , Norovirus/efeitos da radiação , Microbiologia da Água , Destilação Solar/métodos
11.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab ; 23(2): 300-308, jun. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-125503

RESUMO

Introducción. El objetivo es realizar un estudio seroepidemiológico de los trabajadores expuestos al Virus de la Hepatitis A (VHA), para conocer la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente al VHA y la efectividad del programa de vacunación de Hepatitis A. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal sobre la población de trabajadores expuestos al VHA en el Ayuntamiento de Córdoba, en el periodo de 2001-2012. A un total de 144 trabajadores se les solicitó una serología frente al VHA, y se realizó información y educación sanitaria sobre este riesgo biológico. La vacunación se indicó en trabajadores seronegativos. Resultados. La edad media fue de 40,2 años. El grupo laboral mayoritario fue de auxiliares de enfermería (48,6%). Se practicaron 110 serologías (76,4%), obteniendo una prevalencia de infección por VHAdel 35,5%. La primovacunación se llevó a cabo en 44 (62%), y de ellos, finalizaron completamente la misma 31 trabajadores. La efectividad del programa fue del 33,3%. Conclusiones. La seroprevalencia obtenida ha sido inferior a los estudios similares. El umbral, por debajo del cual no resulta eficiente la serología prevacunal, es para trabajadores nacidos después de 1966 (AU)


Introduction. The objective is to conduct a seroepidemiological study of workers exposed to Hepatitis A Virus ( HAV ) seroprevalence for antibodies against HAV and effectiveness of the vaccination program of hepatitis A. Methods. Cross-sectional study on the population of workers exposed to HAV in the city of Córdoba, in the period 2001-2012. A total of 144 workers were asked against HAV serology , and health information and education was performed on this biological risk. Vaccination is indicated in seronegative workers. Results. The mean age was 40.2 years. The major labor group was nurses ( 48.6 %). 110 serology (76.4% ) were performed , giving a prevalence of HAV infection of 35.5 %. The first vaccination was performed in 44 ( 62%), and they completely finished the same 31 workers . Program effectiveness was 33.3% . Conclusions. The seroprevalence obtained was lower than similar studies . The threshold below which no efficient is the pre-vaccine serology, is for workers born after 1966 (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite A/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Vírus da Hepatite A/patogenicidade , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinas contra Hepatite A/administração & dosagem
12.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 27(6): 533-536, nov.-dic. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-117956

RESUMO

Objetivo: La vacuna de la hepatitis A está indicada para colectivos de riesgo, incluidos los profesionales sanitarios. El objetivo fue conocer la prevalencia de anticuerpos frente al virus de la hepatitis A (IgG) en trabajadores de este ámbito, para establecer criterios de vacunación. Métodos: Estudio transversal y analítico con 4864 trabajadores de cuatro empresas sanitarias de Cataluña. El registro incluyó datos personales, categoría profesional, lugar de trabajo y serología. Resultados: La prevalencia global de anticuerpos fue del 52,7%. Se observó un incremento significativo con la edad: la media de los seropositivos fue de 41,5 años, frente a 34,3 años la de los seronegativos. Los colectivos de limpieza y cocina presentan una mayor prevalencia de anticuerpos (limpieza 74,2% y cocina 75,3%). Discusión: Considerando la alta prevalencia de adultos seronegativos, susceptibles de contraer la infección, y teniendo en cuenta las características de su actividad profesional, se sugiere valorar la indicación de vacunar a todo el personal que trabaja en instituciones sanitarias (AU)


Objective: Vaccination against hepatitis A is recommended in risk groups, including healthcare workers. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to HAV (IgG) among workers in the healthcare setting in order to establish criteria for vaccination. Methods: A cross-sectional, analytic, observational study of 4,864 employees was undertaken in four healthcare companies in Catalonia (Spain). The variables gathered included personal data, professional category, location of employment, and serology. Results: The overall prevalence of antibodies to HAV was 52.7%. The prevalence significantly increased with greater age. The mean age of seropositive workers was 41.5 years compared with 34.3 in workers with negative serology. The highest prevalence of antibodies was found in cleaning employees (74.2%) and catering staff (75.3%). Discussion: Given the high prevalence of seronegative adults susceptible to infection and the characteristics of their professional activities, vaccination of all staff working in health institutions should be considered (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Vírus da Hepatite A/patogenicidade , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite A/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinas contra Hepatite A
13.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 30(8): 452-457, oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-104152

RESUMO

Objetivos Determinar en pacientes infectados por VIH: a) La prevalencia de infección activa por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) y el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB), así como de la exposición previa al virus de la hepatitis A (VHA), VHB y VHC. b) La proporción que han sido vacunados frente al VHA y/o VHB. c) La distribución genotípica del VHC y el porcentaje de pacientes que han iniciado tratamiento frente al VHC. Métodos Estudio prospectivo de corte transversal. Se incluyeron los pacientes infectados por VIH que acudieron a las consultas de enfermedades infecciosas de un hospital de Andalucía entre septiembre 2008 y febrero 2009.Resultados Se incluyeron 520 pacientes. Trescientos cincuenta y ocho (69%) enfermos presentaban anticuerpos del VHC positivo, mientras el 71% de ellos tenían ARN-VHC detectable. La distribución genotípica del VHC fue: 153 (62%) genotipo 1, 49 (20%) genotipo 3, y 45 (18%) genotipo 4. Ciento trece (36,5%) sujetos habían recibido tratamiento anti-VHC. La prevalencia de infección activa por VHB fue del 4,4%, mientras que la de exposición previa fue del 54,8%. Cuatrocientos treinta y siete (84%) enfermos presentaron anti-VHA positivo. El 25,6 y el 22,3% de los pacientes susceptibles habían sido vacunados frente al VHA y al VHB, respectivamente. Conclusiones La prevalencia actual de infección activa por VHC en los pacientes infectados por VIH sigue siendo elevada en nuestra área. La distribución genotípica del VHC no parece haber sufrido modificaciones notables. El número de pacientes susceptibles de ser vacunados frente al VHA y al VHB que reciben esta terapia preventiva es bajo (AU)


Objectives: To determine: (a) The prevalence of active infection by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HIV-infected patients, as well as previous exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV), HBV and HCV. (b) The proportion of patients who have been vaccinated against HAV and/or HBV. (c) The HCV genotype distribution and the percentage of patients who have started treatment against HCV infection. Methods: All HIV-infected patients who attended the Infectious Diseases Unit of a tertiary care hospital in Southern Spain between September 2008 and February 2009 were included in a prospective crosssectional study Results: A total of 520 patients were included. Three hundred and flfty-eight (69%) patients had positive HCV antibody, while 71% of them showed detectable HCV-RNA. The HCV genotype distribution was: 153(62%) genotype 1, 49 (20%) genotype 3, and 45 (18%) genotype 4. One hundred and thirteen (36.5%) subjects had received treatment against HCV. The prevalence of active HBV infection was 4.4%, while the exposure to HBV was 54.8%. Four hundred and thirty-seven (84%) patients had positive markers of infection of HAV. Of the patients eligible to be vaccinated, 25.6% and 22.3% patients were vaccinated against HAV and HBV, respectively. Conclusions: The current prevalence of active HCV infection remains high in our area. There were no changes in the HCV genotype distribution. The number of patients with indication for HBV and HAV vaccination and receive these vaccines is low (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite B Crônica/epidemiologia , Hepatite C Crônica/epidemiologia , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Hepatite A/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Prospectivos
15.
Int. microbiol ; 12(3): 145-151, sept. 2009. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-72374

RESUMO

Standard and real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) procedures were used to monitor cultured and wild bivalve molluscs from the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain) for the main human enteric RNA viruses, specifically, norovirus (NoV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), astrovirus (AsV), rotavirus (RT), enterovirus (EV), and Aichi virus (AiV). The results showed the presence of at least one enteric virus in 63.4% of the 41 samples analyzed. NoV GII was the most prevalent virus, detected in 53.7% of the samples, while NoV GI, AsV, EV, and RV were found at lower percentages (7.3, 12.2, 12.2, and 4.9%, respectively). In general, samples obtained in the wild were more frequently contaminated than those from cultured (70.6 vs. 58.3%) molluscs and were more readily contaminated with more than one virus. However, NoV GI was detected in similar amounts in cultured and wild samples (6.4 x 10(2) to 3.3 x 10(3) RNA copies per gram of digestive tissue) while the concentrations of NoV GII were higher in cultured (from 5.6 x 10(1) to 1.5 x 10(4) RNA copies per gram of digestive tissue) than in wild (from 1.3 x 10(2) to 3.4 x 10(4) RNA copies per gram of digestive tissue) samples (AU)


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Assuntos
Animais , Moluscos/patogenicidade , Viroses/epidemiologia , Frutos do Mar/microbiologia , Meios de Cultura/análise , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Hepatite A/patogenicidade , Enterovirus/isolamento & purificação , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Astroviridae/isolamento & purificação
17.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 131(14): 526-529, oct. 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69503

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Debido a la mayor morbimortalidad de la hepatitis aguda por el virus dela hepatitis A (VHA) cuando ocurre en pacientes con infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitisC (VHC), interesa conocer la prevalencia de inmunización frente al VHA en estos pacientes.PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se determinaron los anticuerpos de tipo inmunoglobulina G (IgG) frente alVHA (IgG anti-VHA) en 313 pacientes con infección crónica por el VHC (anti-VHC) y en 313 individuosanti-VHC negativo.RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de IgG anti-VHA encontrada fue idéntica en ambos grupos: un81,2%. Sin embargo, entre los menores de 41 años esta prevalencia era mayor en los anti-VHCpositivo que en los individuos del grupo control. La adicción a drogas por vía parenteral y lostatuajes fueron más frecuentes en el primer grupo. La presencia de IgG anti-VHA se asoció conla edad y con la procedencia del medio rural en ambos grupos.CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de IgG anti-VHA aumenta con la edad y es más elevada entre losindividuos de procedencia rural. También podría ser mayor entre los pacientes jóvenes anti-VHC positivo, en comparación con los controles de edad similar. Este hallazgo puede deberse alas peores condiciones higiénicas probablemente asociadas con ciertas prácticas más comunesentre estos individuos, como la adicción a drogas por vía parenteral y los tatuajes


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Because of high fatality rate associated with acute infection by hepatitisA virus (HAV) in chronic hepatitis C patients, it is of interest to know the prevalence of immunizationagainst HAV in these patients.PATIENTS AND METHOD: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) IgG HAV antibodies (IgG anti-HAV) were determinedin 313 hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV) positive patients and in 313 anti-HCV negativesubjects (control group). Several epidemiological factors were recorded (age, sex, rural vsurban precedence, tattoos, parenteral drugs use, alcohol consumption and surgery).RESULTS: The prevalence of IgG anti-HAV was identical in both groups: 81.2%. However, in thoseyounger than 41 years, this prevalence was greater in those anti-HCV positive than in thecontrol group. Parenteral drugs use and tattoos were more frequent in the first group. The presenceof IgG anti-HAV was associated with age and the rural origin in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of IgG anti-HAV increases with age, and is more frequent in individualswith rural origin. It was also greater in young anti-HCV positive patients, when comparedwith controls of the same age. This finding can be due to the poor standards of hygiene probablyassociated with some practices more common in this population, such as parenteraldrugs use, tattoos and others


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Hepatite A/complicações , Imunidade/fisiologia , Hepacivirus/patogenicidade , Hepatite C Crônica/imunologia , Vírus da Hepatite A/patogenicidade , Hepatite A/imunologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Tatuagem , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/análise
18.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 26(supl.9): 66-74, jul. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-71181

RESUMO

Las hepatitis virales se diagnostican satisfactoriamente en el laboratorio mediante inmunoanálisis, para detectarantígenos y anticuerpos en suero. Sin embargo, ladetección temprana de infecciones agudas durante elperíodo de ventana, la investigación de las llamadasinfecciones “ocultas”, y la necesidad de cuantificar laviremia y de caracterizar en detalle las cepas de virus,como apoyo al tratamiento antiviral, han planteado nuevasnecesidades que sólo las técnicas moleculares puedensatisfacer. Además, en tiempos en los que las estrategiaspreventivas buscan reducir significativamente la incidencia de estas infecciones, o incluso llegar a la erradicación de algunas de ellas, la caracterización completa de los brotes epidémicos y de los casos que puedan indicar la emergencia de variantes virales de escape a vacuna son objetivos importantes para la salud pública, y sólo pueden alcanzarse con la asistencia de estas técnicas. La incorporación de estos métodos a la rutina de los centros de transfusión, en un esfuerzo más para mejorar la seguridad de la transfusión sanguínea, ha generado nuevas necesidades de apoyo por parte del laboratorio de microbiología, que obligan a éste a incorporarlos también a su trabajo diario. Después de más de una década, las circunstancias han permitido que los métodos automatizados para detectar, cuantificar, caracterizar y secuenciar los genomas de estos virus sean una realidad al alcance del microbiólogo asistencial, lo que no hace sino abundar en la necesidad de que los laboratorios hospitalarios sigan contando con especialistas capacitados para su correcto manejo


Viral hepatitides are satisfactorily diagnosed in thelaboratory by immunoassays for either antigen or antibodydetection in serum samples. However, the early detectionof acute infections during the window period,investigation of “occult” infections, and issues related to the establishment and follow-up of antiviral therapy in chronic infections pose new challenges that onlymolecular methods can meet. In addition, fullcharacterization of epidemic outbreaks and surveillance of the emergence of viral variants able to escape fromvaccine protection are major public health objectives that can only be achieved through the use of these techniques. As a further attempt to improve the viral safety of blood transfusions, the incorporation of molecular biology techniques into the routine work of transfusion centers has generated new technical and scientific demands on microbiology laboratories, which must in turn incorporate these methods to respond to the challenge. After more than a decade, automatic methods for the detection, quantification, characterization and sequencing of the genomes of these viruses have become a reality for the clinical laboratory, reaffirming the essential role of the microbiologist in the hospital setting


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite Viral Humana/microbiologia , Biologia Molecular/métodos , Vírus da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Hepatite E/isolamento & purificação , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Hepatite A/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite Viral Humana/transmissão
20.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-63726

RESUMO

La hepatitis A es una enfermedad infecciosa de distribución universal y endémica en países con déficit de higiene y salubridad; habitualmente tiene un curso benigno y, en España, las mejoras sanitarias registradas en las últimas décadas han modificado la incidencia y han hecho que actualmente se encuentre entre los países de baja prevalencia. Pese a esto se siguen produciendo brotes, sobre todo en barrios marginales


Hepatitis A is an infectious disease of universal and endemic distribution in countries with hygiene and health deficits. It usually has a benign course. In Spain, the health care improvements recorded in the last decades have modified the incidence and have lead to that fact that this currently has low prevalence among the countries. In spite of this, episodes continue to occur, above all in marginal neighborhoods


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Vírus da Hepatite A/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Vírus da Hepatite A/patogenicidade , Icterícia/etiologia , Problemas Sociais
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