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1.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(3): 151-161, mayo-jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-91710

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos. La radiación electromagnética de frecuencias extremadamente bajas (REM-FEB) procede principalmente de las instalaciones eléctricas; aunque éstas presentan innumerables ventajas, la radiación asociada tiene efectos adversos en la salud humana. Esta publicación tiene dos objetivos: a) divulgar los efectos adversos que las REM-FEB producen en la población infantil; y b) resaltar la especial vulnerabilidad e indefensión de nuestros niños. Material y métodos. Revisión sistemática de los principales trabajos publicados en MEDLINE, EMBASE, CANCERLIT, LILACS, y Scielo, durante los últimos 25 años, sobre los efectos de la REM-FEB en la salud infantil. El perfil de búsqueda utilizado ha sido la combinación de “pediatric health effects” y “ acute childhhod leukemia2 con “extremely low-frequency fields” y “residential electromagnetic fields”. Resultados. La población infantil presenta efectos adversos a la exposición de la REM-FEB, aguda o accidental (quemaduras, electrocución, traumatismos, etc) y crónica. La International Commission on No-Ionizing Radiation Pretection recomienda como seguras, para la población adulta, exposiciones crónicas inferiores a 100µT. La exposición residencia infantil a dosis superiores a 0,3-0,4µT incrementa el riesgo a desarrollar leucemias agudas (LA). Se desconoce el mecanismo carcinogénico implicado, pero entre las hipótesis más barajadas destacan las de corrientes de contacto y la alteración de la melatonina. La ausencia de un mecanismo biológico conocido y la falta de reproducibilidad en animales de experimentación impiden que la asociación entre la REM-FEB y la LA infantil se considere causal. Actualmente no existen datos estadísticamente significativos para asociar dicha exposición con tumores del sistema nervioso central y otras patologías fetales e infantiles. Conclusiones. La REM – FEB constituye un contaminante ambiental físico omnipresente en los países industrializados. La población pediátrica es especialmente vulnerable a exposiciones crónicas a la REM-FEB, consideradas como seguras para los adultos. La exposición residencial a campos magnéticos iguales o superiores a 0,4 µT, incrementa un 100% el riesgo a desarrollar LA infantil, respecto a exposiciones menores a 0,1 µT, con resultados estadísticamente significativos. A pesar de no haber encontrado un mecanismo causal, la aplicación del principio de precaución es fundamental para proteger la salud infantil (AU)


Introduction and objectives. Electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequencies (EMF-ELF) generated by electric energy, besides its many advantages, produces adverse effects on human health. This article has two objectives: a) to divulge the adverse effects caused by EMF-ELF on pediatric population; and b) to underscore the special vulnerability and defenselessness of children. Material and methods. Systematic review of the published articles in Medline, Embase, Cancerlit, Lilacs, and Scielo on the effects of EMF-EKF on paediatric health during the last 25 years. The search profile combined “paediatric health effects” or “acute childhood leukaemia” and “extremely low-frequency fields” or “residential electromagnetic fields”. Results. The exposure to EMF-ELF causes both acute or accidental (burns, electrocution, traumatism) and chronic adverse effects in children. The International Commission on No-Ionizing Radiation Protection recommends as secure chronic exposure for adult figures under 100 µT. A higher risk of developing acute leukaemia (AL) is associated with home paediatric exposure > 0.3-0.4 . Based on these data, the International Agency of Cancer Research (IARC) classifies EMF-ELF as possible carcinogen (2B). Although the implied carcinogen mechanism is still unknown, the most likely hypotheses are the contact current and the melatonin disorder. A causal relationship between EMF-ELF and AL is not still established due to the absence of a sound biological mechanism and the lack of reproducibility in experimental animals. Nowadays, the development of central nervous system tumours and other fetal and infant disorders is not statistically related to EMF-ELF exposure. Conclusions. EMF-ELF is considered a physical environmental pollutant in industrialized nations. Chronic exposure limits considered safe for adults are deleterious for children. The relative risk of developing AL is increased 100% in children with chronic home exposure≥0.4 µT compared with those with 0.1 µT. In spite of the absence of scientifically proved causal relationship, the application of the precaution principle is necessary to protect paediaric health and wellbeing (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Contaminação Eletromagnética/efeitos adversos , Leucemia Induzida por Radiação/epidemiologia , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos
2.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 8(9): 692-693, sept. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-124750

RESUMO

Cutaneous metastasis from thyroid carcinoma is infrequent. Leukemia as a second malignancy after treatment of thyroid cancer is also rare. We present a patient with a relapsed thyroid carcinoma treated with thyroid ablation with I 131 and loco-regional radiotherapy, who consulted by global worsening, weight lost, and multiple cutaneous nodes. Our patient is unusual in that she showed multisystem involvement at the time of hospital admission, and the specific skin lesions were the first sign of her acute monocytic leukemia (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Carcinoma Papilar/radioterapia , Leucemia Monocítica Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Induzida por Radiação/diagnóstico , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/radioterapia
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