Impacto del tamaño tumoral y la invasión de la rete testis en la supervivencia libre de progresión de nuestros pacientes con seminoma testicular en estadio I. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en un hospital de referencia y revisión bibliográfica / Evaluation of tumour size and rete testis invasion in progression free survival of our patients with stage i testicular seminoma. A retrospective observational study of a reference hospital center and literature review

Introducción El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto del tamaño tumoral y la invasión de la rete testis en la supervivencia libre de progresión de nuestros pacientes con seminoma testicular en estadio I. También se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica. Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo incluyendo a los pacientes con seminoma en estadio I entre enero de 2010 y julio de 2022. Se compararon los pacientes sin factores de pronóstico favorable (Grupo A) con pacientes que presentaban factores de pronóstico desfavorable (Grupo B). Se utilizaron curvas de Kaplan-Meier y pruebas de log-rank para comparar la supervivencia libre de progresión (SLP) entre estos grupos. La significación estadística se consideró a p ≤ 0,05. Resultados Se incluyeron 55 pacientes en este estudio. Veinte pacientes (36,4%) tenían un pronóstico favorable (grupo A) y 35 (63,6%) presentaban factores de pronóstico desfavorable (grupo B). La edad media fue similar en ambos grupos (media ± desviación estándar), 38,62 ± 9,04 años. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 63,5 ± 33,6 meses. Todos los pacientes del grupo A y 25,7% de los pacientes del grupo B se sometieron a vigilancia activa (VA). Veintiséis pacientes (74,3%) del grupo B fueron tratados con un ciclo de carboplatino adyuvante. Tres pacientes sufrieron recidiva en ganglios retroperitoneales (10,3%), todos tratados con tres ciclos de bleomicina, etopósido, y cisplatino (BEP), presentando remisión completa de la enfermedad. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la SLP entre los grupos A y B (log-rank p = 0,317). Conclusiones La individualización del tratamiento adyuvante en el seminoma estadio I es esencial para evitar los efectos adversos derivados del mismo. (AU)

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of tumour size and rete testis invasion in progression free survival of our patients with stage I testicular seminoma. A literature review is also made. Material and methods A retrospective observational study was performed. We included patients with stage I seminoma between January 2010 and July 2022. Patients without factors of poor prognostic –Group A– were compared with patients with factors of poor prognostic –Group B–. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank testing were used to compare progression free survival (PFS) between these groups. Statistical significance was considered at P ≤ .05. Results 55 patients were included in this study. 20 patients (36.4%) were of good prognostic –Group A– and 35 (63.6%) had factors of poor prognostic –Group B–. The mean age was similar in both groups (mean ± standard deviation), 38.62 ± 9.04 years. The mean follow-up time was 63.5 ± 33.6 months. All the patients in group A and 25.7% of the patients in group B underwent active surveillance (AS). 26 patients (74.3%) of the patients in Group B were treated with one cycle of adyuvant carboplatin. Three patients suffered a relapse with retroperitoneal lymph nodes (10.3%), all of them were treated with three cycles of BEP, with a complete response of the disease. No statistical significant differences were found in PFS between Group A and B (log Rank P = .317). Conclusions Individualization of adjuvant treatment in stage I seminoma is important, avoiding the adverse effects derived from them. (AU)

Transiluminación negativa en patología testicular / Negative transillumination in testicular pathology

Los tumores testiculares representan el 1-2% de las neoplasias masculinas, siendo el más frecuente el seminoma. En pacientes con aparición de una masa o dolor testicular subagudo, es importante hacer una anamnesis exhaustiva y una exploración física. Hemos de apoyarnos en dos técnicas exploratorias para poder hacer un diagnóstico diferencial adecuado y detectar patología testicular urgente: transiluminación y ecografía testicular. El tratamiento incluye una orquiectomía y, según el estadio tumoral, quimioterapia.(AU)

Testicular tumors account for 1% to 2% of male neoplasms, the most common being seminoma. In patients who consult due to the presence of a mass or subacute testicular pain, it is important to undertake a thorough history and physical examination. We must rely on two exploratory techniques to be able to perform a suitable differential diagnosis and detect urgent testicular pathology: transillumination and testicular ultrasound. Treatment includes performing an orchiectomy and depends on tumor stage and chemotherapy.(AU)

Adherencia y seguridad de la vigilancia activa en tumores de testículo / Adherence and safety of active surveillance in testicular tumors

Introducción: La vigilancia activa(VA) de tumores testiculares seminoma (TS) y no-seminomas (TNS) es en la actualidad, la opción de manejomás frecuente utilizada en tumores testiculares estadioclínico I. Las recaídas dentro de este seguimiento sepresentan generalmente dentro de los 3 años y <5% sepresentan después de este periodo. La adherencia en laVA termina siendo un pilar fundamental.Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la adherencia al protocolo de vigilancia activa, y a su vezevaluar la seguridad de esta opción de manejo haciendo hincapié en la tasa libre de recaída en pacientescon y sin factores de riesgo. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de todos los pacientes incluidos en un protocolode VA (TS y TNS estadio I). Se tomaron en cuenta diferentes variables, realizando hincapié en la evaluaciónde los diferentes factores de riesgo, tomando como talen TS al tamaño testicular > de 4 cm y a la invasiónde la rete testis en el resultado anatomopatológico. Encuanto a los TNS, la ILV y un porcentaje >40% de CEfueron los factores de riesgo evaluados. Se evaluó laadherencia al seguimiento del protocolo de VA, haciendo foco en aquellos pacientes que se perdieron del mismo y en qué momento ocurrió.Resultados: Un total de 64 pacientes fueron incluidosa protocolo de VA. La mediana de seguimiento fue de36 meses (IC 21-48 meses). De todos los pacientesincluidos en este estudio, 12 de ellos perdieron el seguimiento durante el esquema propuesto, presentandouna mediana de seguimiento de 27,5 meses (IC 16-30meses). Un 21,8% de pacientes ingresó al protocolo deVA con algún factor de riesgo asociado.La adherencia al seguimiento fue exitosa en el primeraño con un porcentaje de adhesión que alcanzó el96,8% y fue descendiendo con el paso del tiempo(92,2% a los 24 meses y 86,3% a los 36 meses).Conclusión: En nuestra serie, se evidenció una marcada adhesión al protocolo de VA en pacientes con...(AU)

Introduction: The active surveillance(AS) of testicular tumors (seminoma and non-seminoma)is the most frequent management option in the stageI disease. Relapses generally occurred within the first3 years and <5% appear after this time cut-off pointis fulfilled. Therefore, the adherence is one of the mostimportant pillars in the AS protocol. The aim of this studyis to evaluate the adherence to the AS protocol in acommunity hospital and, in turn, evaluate the safety of itemphasizing in the relapsefree rate in patients with andwithout risk factors.Materials and methods: A retrospective study ofall the patients included in the AS protocol with seminoma tumors (ST) or non-seminoma tumors (NST) stage Iwas performed. Postoperative controls were performedaccording to the NCCN (National ComprehensiveCancer Network) recommendations. Different variableswere taken into account, emphasizing in the risk factors:testicular tumor >4cm and the rete testis invasion in theST, the linfovascular invasion and the percentage>40%of embrionary carcinoma in the NST. Adherence to theAS protocol was evaluated, focusing on those patientswho lost it and what time it occurred.Results: A total of 64 patients were included. Themedian follow-up was 36 months (IC 21-48 months).12 patients lost the follow-up during the protocol with amedian follow-up of 27.5 months (IC 16-30 months). A21.8% of patients entered in the AS protocol with someassociated risk factor.Adherence follow-up was successful in the first year(96.8%) and decreased over time (92.2% at 24 monthsand 86.3% at 36 months).Conclusion: We presented an important adherence to the AS protocol in patients with clinical stage Itesticular cancer and in our series there no recurrencesafter 36 months of follow-up.(AU)

Patterns of relapse and treatment outcome after active surveillance or adjuvant carboplatin for stage I seminoma: a retrospective study of the Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Group

Purpose Active surveillance (AS) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) with carboplatin are valid alternatives for managing stage I seminoma, and most relapses can be cured with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, some reports suggest that AC may modify the classical pattern of recurrences. Methods We analyzed all relapses observed in a series of 879 patients with stage I seminoma included in 4 consecutive studies of the Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Group. After a median follow-up of 67 months, recurrences were detected in 56/467 (12%) low-risk cases on AS and 13/412 (3%) high-risk cases after AC (p < 0.001). The objective was to describe clinical features, treatment and outcome. Univariate comparisons were performed between both groups. Results No significant differences were found between relapses on AS and those after AC in terms of time to relapse (13 vs 17 months), size (26 vs 27 mm), location (retroperitoneum in 88% vs 85%), and method of detection (computed tomography in 77% vs 69%). Treatment consisted of chemotherapy (etoposide + cisplatin ± bleomycin) in 89% and 92%, respectively. Late relapses (after > 3 years) were seen in 11% vs 7.7% (p = NS) and second or successive recurrences in 1.8 vs 23% (p < 0.05). With a median follow-up of 130 moths, two patients died of seminoma-unrelated causes (AS group) and the rest are alive and disease-free. Conclusion In the setting of a risk-adapted treatment of stage I seminoma, the administration of two courses of AC in patients with tumor size > 4 cm and/or rete testis invasion is associated with a higher incidence of second recurrences but does not significantly modify the pattern of relapses or their outcome (AU)

Ginecomastia e hipogonadismo hipogonadotropo por tumor de células de Leydig: una causa poco frecuente de tumor testicular / Gynecomastia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by Leydig cell tumor: a rare cause of testicular tumor

Los tumores de células de Leydig son raros y suponen una pequeña proporción de neoplasias testiculares (1-3 %). La forma más frecuente de presentación es una masa indolora testicular o un hallazgo ecográfico incidental acompañado en más del 80 % de los casos de desórdenes hormonales. Los marcadores tumorales séricos son negativos y aproximadamente el 30 % de los casos presentan ginecomastia. El tratamiento de elección es la cirugía (orquiectomía ingui-nal) y el seguimiento postoperatorio será prolongado. El diagnóstico definitivo es histológico y se realizará durante o tras la cirugía. Entre los marcadores inmunohistológicos de tumores de células de Leydig se incluyen alfa inhibina, calretinina y melan A. La presencia de la subunidad alfa de inhibina mediante técnica de inmunohistoquímica, destaca la intensa positividad de las células tumorales en comparación con la del tejido sano circundante. La calretinina es más sensible pero menos específica que la inhibina. Melan A es un marcador moderadamente sensible y específico en la diferenciación de tumores del estroma del cordón sexual y como tal es un valor complementario a otros marcadores inmunohistoquímicos en la valoración de tumores de difícil diagnóstico. El interés de este caso es mostrar la complejidad de alteraciones clínicas asociadas a estos tumores, así como establecer un diagnóstico diferencial con otros tumores histológicos

Leydig cell tumors are rare and account for a small proportion of testicular neoplasms (1-3%). They most frequently present as a painless testicular mass or as an incidental ultrasound finding, accompanied by hormonal disorders in more than 80% of cases. Serum tumor markers are negative and approximately 30% of cases present gynecomastia. The treatment of choice is surgery (inguinal orchiectomy) with a long post-operative follow-up. The definitive diagnosis is histological, which will be carried out during or after surgery. The immunohistochemical markers of Leydig cell tumors include inhibin alpha, calretinin, and melan-A. The presence of the inhibin alpha subunit in immunohistochemical analysis shows intense positivity of tumor cells compared with the surrounding healthy tissue. Calretinin is more sensitive but less specific than inhibin. Melan-A is a moderately sensitive and specific marker of sex cord-stromal tumors, and, as such, complements other immunohistochemical markers in the assessment of tumors which are difficult to diagnose. The interest of this case is to show the complex pattern of clinical presentation of these tumors, and to establish a differential diagnosis with other testicular tumors

Prognostic factors for relapse in stage I testicular seminoma: tumor size and rete testis invasion revisited

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Obstrucción de la vena cava superior por seminoma testicular con metástasis en el mediastino. Imagen de vías colaterales durante la gammagrafía por hemorragia intestinal con hematíes marcados con 99mTc / Superior vena cava obstruction by metastatic mediastinal testicular seminoma. Imaging of collateral pathways during gastrointestinal bleeding scintigraphy with 99mTc labeled red blood cells

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Long-term cardiovascular complications in stage I seminoma patients

Purpose. The cure rate of stage I seminoma patients is close to 100% and so the recent focus of clinical research has shifted onto the prevention of treatment-related complications. We assessed long-term cardiovascular complications and identified risk factors for cardiovascular events (CVEs) in stage I seminoma patients. Methods. This retrospective cohort study included 406 consecutive stage I seminoma patients. Primary endpoint was CVE rate. Results. During a median follow-up of 8.6 years, we observed 23 CVEs in 406 patients [10-year CVE risk 5.6% (95% CI 3.2 to 8.8)]. In univariable competing risk analysis, higher age, positive smoking status, history of diabetes and hypertension were significantly associated with the occurrence of CVE. In multi-state analysis, new onset of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia during follow-up predicted for an excessively increased CVE risk. In multivariable analysis adjusting for age and smoking, the development of hypertension and hyperlipidemia after tumor-specific treatment prevailed as risk factors for CVE. Regarding adjuvant treatment modalities, patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy had a significantly higher probability of CVE than patients receiving adjuvant carboplatin [16% vs. 0%; risk difference (RD) = 16%, 95% CI 6 to 25%, p = 0.001]. This difference prevailed after adjusting for age, follow-up-time, diabetes, hypertension and smoking (RD = 11%, 95% CI 1 to 20%, p = 0.025). Conclusion. We identified a panel of baseline risk factors and dynamically, occurring predictors of CVE in stage I seminoma patients. This information may be used for targeting comorbidity management in these patients. The observed association of adjuvant radiotherapy with higher CVE risk warrants further investigation (AU)

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Association of anti-Yo, anti-Hu and antiSOX1 antibodies in CSF in a patient with limbic and paralimbic encephalitis in the setting of small cell lung carcinoma: case presentation with review of the literatura

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Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection: an update in testicular malignancies

Management of testicular cancer has evolved through many breakthroughs. The decades of zeal to improve oncologic adequacy and to decrease morbidity has led to the current scientific knowledge of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection templates. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) has potential for staging, prognostication and therapeutic importance in the management of testicular malignancy. RPLND has overcome limitations of current imaging which understage 30% of stage I disease and overstage 25-30% of stage II disease. For low-volume disease, RPLND is curative in up to 90% cases without adjuvant therapy and has important role in postchemotherapy residual disease. Risk of recurrence after RPLND is 1% and follow-up imaging can be limited, thus avoiding their potential risk of radiation exposure. RPLND reveals vital information of disease nature and guide adjuvant therapy. Despite the long evolution period, certain controversies still surround RPLND. We aim to refine this challenging management in the following manuscript based on available evidence (AU)

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SEOM clinical guidelines for the management of germ cell testicular cancer (2016)

Testicular cancer represents the most common malignancy in males aged 15-34 years and is considered a model of curable neoplasm. Maintaining success, reducing treatment burden, and focusing on survivorship are then key objectives. Inguinal orchiectomy is the first recommended maneuver that has both diagnostic and therapeutic aims. Most patients are diagnosed with stage I disease (confined to the testicle). Close surveillance and selective, short-course adjuvant chemotherapy are accepted alternatives for these cases. In patients with more advanced disease (stages II and III), 3-4 courses of cisplatin based chemotherapy (according to IGCCCG risk classification) followed by the judicious surgical removal of residual masses represent the cornerstone of therapy. Poor-risk patients and those failing a first-line therapy should be referred to specialized tertiary centers. Paclitaxel-based conventional chemotherapy and high-dose chemotherapy plus autologous hematopoietic support can cure a proportion of patients with relapsing or refractory disease (AU)

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Hermanos gemelos, mismo motivo de consulta, días distintos / Twin brothers, same reason for consulting, different days

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Tumoración testicular / Testicle lump

Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 33 años de edad que consulta por aumento de tamaño del testículo derecho de tres meses de evolución sin otra sintomatología. El cáncer de testículo es un tumor relativamente raro que representa alrededor del 1-1,5 % de los cánceres masculinos. Principalmente afecta a hombres jóvenes en la tercera o cuarta década de la vida. El diagnóstico se basa fundamentalmente en la sospecha clínica, la ecografía testicular y el examen sérico de marcadores (AU)

We present the case of a 33 year-old man with an enlargement of the right testicle during the last three months without any other symptoms. Testicular cancer is a relatively rare tumour that represents about 1-1.5 % of male cancers. It mainly affects young men in the third or fourth decade of life. Diagnosis is principally based on clinical suspicion, testicle ultrasound and serum marker test (AU)

Molecular biology of testicular germ cell tumors

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common solid tumors in young adult men. They constitute a unique pathology because of their embryonic and germ origin and their special behavior. Genetic predisposition, environmental factors involved in their development and genetic aberrations have been under study in many works throughout the last years trying to explain the susceptibility and the transformation mechanism of TGCTs. Despite the high rate of cure in this type of tumors because its particular sensitivity to cisplatin, there are tumors resistant to chemotherapy for which it is needed to find new therapies. In the present work, it has been carried out a literature review on the most important molecular aspects involved in the onset and development of such tumors, as well as a review of the major developments regarding prognostic factors, new prognostic biomarkers and the possibility of new targeted therapies (AU)

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Duodenal involvement by seminomatous tumors

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Intestinal metastases as an unusual presentation of a burned-out testicular seminoma: PET/CT imaging / Presentación inusual como metástasis intestinales de un seminoma testicular con regresión espontánea

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Linfadenectomía retroperitoneal laparoendoscópica por puerto único en tumor germinal no seminomatoso / Laparoendoscopic single-site retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in non-seminomatous germ cell malignancy

Introducción: La cirugía laparoendoscópica a través de puerto único (LESS) umbilical constituye una excelente alternativa a la cirugía laparoscópica o robótica multipuerto. Implica menos dolor postoperatorio, rápida recuperación y óptimo resultado cosmético. Prácticamente, resulta posible practicar cualquier cirugía urológica a través de este abordaje. Paciente y método: Presentamos a un varón de 38 años con BMI 31,2 y antecedentes de tumor germinal mixto no seminomatoso estadio i en vigilancia que presenta recidiva ganglionar interaortocava sin elevación de marcadores. Se practicó una linfadenectomía retroperitoneal LESS (LDRP-LESS) derecha mediante abordaje umbilical por puerto único multicanal KeyPort (Richard Wolf GmbH, Knittingen, Alemania). Resultados: Tras la colocación del dispositivo y la triangulación de las pinzas, se incidió el peritoneo parietal posterior y se movilizó el colon ascendente para acceder al retroperitoneo. Se llevó a cabo una disección ganglionar retroperitoneal completa del lado derecho desde los vasos ilíacos hasta los vasos renales, incluyendo el espacio paracava e interaortocava. El espécimen se introdujo en una bolsa laparoscópica, que se extrajo junto con el sistema multicanal. No se colocó drenaje abdominal. El tiempo operatorio fue 85 min y el sangrado estimado 50 cc. El paciente se mostró muy satisfecho, con una herida absolutamente invisible, y fue dado de alta tras un día de ingreso hospitalario sin necesidad alguna de analgesia. El informe anatomopatológico reveló seminoma metastásico en 5 de 11 ganglios linfáticos, por lo que recibió 4 ciclos de quimioterapia sistémica (VP16-CDDP), con buena tolerancia. Un año después se encuentra libre de enfermedad y sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: Es posible llevar a cabo LDRP-LESS primaria mediante abordaje exclusivamente umbilical con excelente resultado oncológico y cosmético en casos seleccionados. Este abordaje podría ser la opción quirúrgica menos invasiva económicamente ventajosa, gracias a la naturaleza reutilizable de los instrumentos empleados

Introduction: Umbilical laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery represents an excellent alternative to laparoscopic or robotic multiport surgery. LESS surgery offers faster recovery, less postoperative pain and optimal cosmetic results. LESS is possible in virtually any urologic surgery. Patient and method: We present a 38-year-old male with BMI 31.2 and with history of stage I nonseminomatous mixed germ cell tumor showing interaortocaval lymph node recurrence without elevation of tumor markers. Patient was undergone to right laparoendoscopic single-site retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (LDRP-LESS) by umbilical approach using a single-site multichannel KeyPort (Richard Wolf GmbH, Knittlingen, Germany). Results: After the placement of the device and triangulation of the clips, we proceeded to operate on posterior parietal peritoneum. The descending colon was mobilized to access the retroperitoneum. Complete retroperitoneal lymph node dissection on the right side from iliac vessels to renal vessels, including the paracaval and interaortocaval space, was performed. The specimen was inserted into a laparoscopic bag and was removed together with multichannel system. Abdominal drainage was not employed. Surgical time was 85 min and estimated bleeding 50 cc. The patient was very satisfied with the cosmetic results and was discharged the following day without needing analgesia. The pathology report revealed metastatic seminoma in 5 of 11 lymph nodes receiving systemic chemotherapy (VP16-CDDPs) for 4 cycles with good tolerance. A year later, the patient was disease-free and had no complications. Conclusions: Umbilical primary LDRP-LESS, with excellent oncologic and cosmetic results, is feasible in selected cases. This approach could be considered the least invasive surgical option economically advantageous due to the reusable nature of the instruments used

Características de la forma de presentación del cáncer de testículo en hospitales públicos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, España / Clinical presentation features of testicular cancer in public hospitals in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain

Objetivo: Estudiar las características de los sujetos que padecen tumor de células germinales de testículo en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, con énfasis en los distintos tratamientos empleados. Material y método: Se realiza un análisis retrospectivo de una serie de 536 pacientes con cáncer de testículo, procedentes del registro de tumores de la Comunidad de Madrid, durante un periodo de 15 años (1991-2010). El análisis de los datos se ha realizado con el paquete SPSS 15.0 para Windows. Se ha empleado la prueba chi-cuadrado para la búsqueda de posibles asociaciones. El nivel de significación ha sido de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Se detecta un incremento en la incidencia a lo largo del periodo de estudio. La edad media fue 33,6 + 13,6 años. El 89,7% fueron tumores de células germinales (46% seminoma y 43,6% tumor no seminomatoso [TCGNS]) y el 10,3% restante otras estirpes histológicas. El 74% de los pacientes fueron diagnosticados en estadio I, el 8,2% en estadio II y el 16,2% en el estadio III; 54,3% recibieron tratamiento con cirugía y quimioterapia adyuvante, y 5,6% con cirugía y radioterapia adyuvante. La cirugía sola se empleó en el 27,4% de los casos; 32,7% de los tumores en estadio I, 13,6% de los estadio II y 9,2% de los estadio III. La radioterapia se indicó en el 10% de los tumores estadio I, en el 9% de los estadio II y en el 3,4% de los estadio III. En el caso de los seminomas, la asociación cirugía y quimioterapia se empleó en un 49,8% de los casos, cirugía sola en un 30% y cirugía asociada a radioterapia en un 16,6%. En los TCGNS la asociación cirugía y quimioterapia se empleó en un 70,5%, cirugía sola en un 23,5% y la asociación cirugía y radioterapia en el 0,8% de los casos. Conclusión: La incidencia del cáncer de testículo está en aumento. La quimioterapia adyuvante se emplea con más frecuencia en estadios más avanzados, tanto en seminomas como TCGNS. Se confirma la tendencia a disminuir el empleo de radioterapia en el tratamiento del seminoma

Objective: To study the clinical features of the patients with germ cell tumor of testis in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, emphasizing on the different treatments used. Material and method: Retrospective analysis of 536 patients with testicular cancer who were obtained from the Community of Madrid cancer registry, during a follow-up period of 15 years (1991-2010). Data analysis has been performed using SPSS 15.0 for Windows. Chi-square test has been used to determine possible relationships among variables. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05 Results: An increase in the incidence rate has been detected along study period. Mean age was 33.6 ± 13.6 years. 89.7% of cases were germ cells tumors (46% seminoma and 43.6% nonseminomatous germ cell tumor [NSGCT]) and other histologic subtypes the remaining 10.3% of cases. 74% of patients were diagnosed with stage I disease, 8.2% with stage II and 16.2% with stage III; 54.3% of patients were treated with surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy and in 5.6% of patients the treatment was surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy. Surgery alone was used in 27.4% of cases: in 32.7% of stage I tumors, 13.6% of stage II and 9.2% of stage III. Radiotherapy was prescribed in 10% of stage I tumors, in 9% of stage II and in 3.4% of stage III. For the seminomas: the surgery-chemotherapy association was used in 49.8 of cases, surgery alone in 30% and surgery plus radiotherapy in 16.6% of cases. For the NSGCT, surgery plus chemotherapy was used in 70.5% of patients, surgery alone in 23.5% and surgery-radiotherapy asociation in 0.8% of cases. Conclusion: Testicular cancer incidence is increasing. Adjuvant chemotherapy is the treatment used most frequently in the more advanced stages of both seminomas and NSGCT. The tendency to reduce the use of radiotherapy in the treatment of seminoma was confirmed

Caval Seminoma Thrombus on FDG PET/CT / Trombo tumoral en cava detectado con FDG PET/TAC en un caso de seminoma

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Seminoma con afectación bronquial y síndrome de vena cava superior: una asociación excepcional / Seminoma with Bronchial Involvement and Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: A Rare Combination

Se describe el caso de un varón de 45 años que ingresó con signos clínicos de un síndrome de vena cava superior (SVCS), destacando en la exploración edema en esclavina y gran circulación colateral en el cuello y en la región anterosuperior torácica, así como una gran masa testicular. La fibrobroncoscopia mostró una lesión endobronquial tumoral, cuyo diagnóstico histopatológico fue de seminoma, con las mismas características que la biopsia testicular. Se inició tratamiento con cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia, presentando gran mejoría clínica. Señalamos la importancia de considerar el SVCS como entidad relacionada con procesos neoplásicos menos frecuentes, como son los tumores germinales

We describe the case of a 45-year-old male who was admitted with clinical signs of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). Physical examination showed collar of Stokes and extensive collateral circulation in the neck and anterosuperior thoracic region, as well as a large testicular mass. Fibrobronchoscopy revealed an endobronchial tumor, histopathologically diagnosed as seminoma, with the same characteristics as the testicular biopsy. Treatment was initiated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, resulting in a major clinical improvement. We indicate the importance of considering SVCS as an entity related with less common neoplasms such as germ cell tumors