Misleading images of ductal carcinoma in situ: 4 lymph nodes with metastasis / Imágenes equívocas de carcinoma ductal in situ: 4 ganglios linfáticos con metástasis

Since sentinel lymph node examination became routine, findings of benign ectopic breast tissue in lymph nodes have increased. We report images of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in four lymph nodes in a 76-year-old woman with bilateral breast carcinoma. The right lumpectomy showed intermixed invasive lobular and ductal carcinoma, plus DCIS. 19 nodes were isolated in the axillary lymphadenectomy, 4 of which displayed solid and cribriform DCIS. Myosin and p63 immunohistochemical techniques were positive, suggesting an erroneous diagnosis of “metastatic DCIS”. A further three cases of DCIS in lymph nodes have been previously reported, all with a distinct layer of myoepithelial cells with actin, myosin or p63. Biologically, these images of DCIS in lymph nodes are not credible and three major hypotheses have been proposed to explain these findings: Iatrogenic Mechanical Transport, Revertant DCIS, and primary DCIS of lymph nodes. We consider the first one the most plausible explanation. Our case is unique as several, rare findings are simultaneously observed. More new cases, together with additional immunohistochemical techniques and molecular testing on previous cases, are needed to find a definitive explanation of this histologic finding.(AU)

A partir del uso rutinario del examen del ganglio centinela, los hallazgos de tejido mamario ectópico son frecuentes. Presentamos los hallazgos de carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS) en 4 ganglios linfáticos en una mujer de 76 años con carcinoma de mama bilateral. La lumpectomía derecha mostró una mezcla de patrones de carcinomas ductal y lobular infiltrante, además de CDIS. De los 19 ganglios aislados, 4 mostraron patrones cribiformes y sólidos de CDIS. La miosina y la p63 fueron positivas, sugiriendo un diagnóstico erróneo de «CDIS metastático». En la literatura se han comunicado 3 casos adicionales de patrones de CDIS en ganglios linfáticos, mostrando capa periférica de células mioepiteliales positivas para actina, miosina o p63. Desde un punto de vista biológico, estos hallazgos de CDIS en ganglios linfáticos son discutibles, proponiéndose 3 hipótesis para explicarlo: transporte mecánico yatrogénico, CDIS revertido y CDIS primario de ganglio linfático. Creemos que la primera alternativa es la más plausible. Nuestro caso es único al mostrar, de modo conjunto, diversos hallazgos infrecuentes. El estudio de nuevos casos, así como la aplicación de técnicas inmunohistoquímicas y moleculares a casos de archivo, arrojarían datos que permitirían llegar a una explicación definitiva de este hallazgo histológico.(AU)

Siliconoma pulmonar, una etiología a tener en cuenta / Lung Siliconoma, an Etiology to Consider

No disponible

Metástasis de carcinoma de mama en uréter. Presentación de un caso clínico / Metastasis of breast carcinoma in the ureter. Presentation of a clinical case

OBJETIVO: Resaltar la importancia del seguimiento estrecho a largo plazo de pacientes con antecedente de carcinoma de mama. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Presentación de un caso clínico. RESULTADOS: Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 55 años de edad con antecedente de carcinoma lobulillar de mama. Recibió tratamiento neoadyuvante, cirugía y quimioterapia y radioterapia posterior. En estudio de imagen de control se diagnosticó de metástasis óseas múltiples. La paciente consultó por dolor lumbar izquierdo de varios meses de evolución, en estudio de imagen se observó hidronefrosis izquierda secundaria a lesión de partes blandas en unión pieloureteral con alteración funcional renal. En biopsia realizada mediante abordaje endoscópico (ureteroscopia) se diagnosticó de metástasis de carcinoma de mama en uréter. CONCLUSIÓN: Las lesiones metastásicas en uréter son extremadamente infrecuentes siendo aún menos frecuentes las de origen mamario con alrededor de diez casos publicados mundialmente. Con el diagnóstico previo de carcinoma de mama, el probable compromiso ureteral debe ser tomado en cuenta especialmente en pacientes con síntomas clínicos y radiológicos de obstrucción de la vía urinaria. Un diagnóstico oportuno es posible que influya en el pronóstico y supervivencia posterior

OBJECTIVE: To assess the importance of long-term close follow-up in patients with breast carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To present a case report RESULTS: A case of a 55-year-old woman with history of lobular carcinoma of the breast is presented. She received neoadjuvant treatment, surgery and complementary chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In radiologic imaging studies, multiple bone metastases were diagnosed. The patient consulted for left lumbar pain. Radiologic studies revealed left hydronephrosis secondary to soft tissue lesion in pyeloureteral junction with renal functional impairment. A biopsy performed using an endoscopic approach (ureteroscopy), diagnosed a metastasis of breast carcinoma in the ureter. CONCLUSION: Metastatic lesions in the ureter are extremely rare, even less frequent the ones with breast origin with around ten cases published worldwide. With the previous diagnosis of breast carcinoma, the probable ureteral compromise should be considered especially in patients with clinical and radiological symptoms of urinary tract obstruction. A well-timed and proper diagnosis may influence in prognosis and survival

Metastasis of lobular breast carcinoma in the bowel / Metástasis de carcinoma lobular de mama en el intestino

No disponible

Obstrucción intestinal secundaria a metástasis de cáncer de mama no diagnosticado / Intestinal obstruction secondary to metastases of undiagnosed breast cancer

No disponible

Modelo predictivo de metástasis en ganglios axilares no centinela en cáncer de mama. Variables emergentes. Estudio MOTTO, parte I / Predictive model of breast cancer metastasis in axillary non-sentinel lymph nodes. Emergent variables. The MOTTO study, part I

INTRODUCCIÓN: La carga tumoral total (CTT) obtenida del estudio OSNA de cada uno de los ganglios centinela ha sido identificada como el predictor más potente de metástasis en ganglios linfáticos axilares no centinela. Por otra parte, los distintos subtipos moleculares (SM) de cáncer de mama difieren entre ellos de forma significativa no solo en términos de incidencia, pronóstico y tratamiento, sino también respecto al patrón de afectación metastásica axilar. Nuestra hipótesis consiste en que la predicción de enfermedad metastásica en la linfadenectomía axilar puede mejorar aplicando un modelo predictivo basado en la CTT y el subtipo intrínseco del tumor. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto del SM subrogado inmunohistoquímicamente en la predicción metastásica de los ganglios axilares no centinela con base en la CTT. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, multicéntrico europeo, que incluye 683 pacientes procedentes de 9 hospitales. RESULTADOS: El análisis univariante identificó 6 variables independientes que correlacionan significativamente con la afectación metastásica axilar no centinela. De ellas, las variables valor logarítmico de la CTT, diámetro tumoral y SM diagnosticado por inmunohistoquímica fueron seleccionadas para el modelo multivariante. Las odds ratio estimadas por el modelo fueron valor logarítmico de la CTT 1.527 (IC 95% 1.299-1.796), diámetro tumoral 1.503 (IC 95% 1.062-2.129) y SM 2.195 (IC 95% 1.246-3.867). CONCLUSIONES: El SM, la CTT y el diámetro tumoral son los predictores más potentes de afectación axilar y deben ser incluidos en los algoritmos diagnósticos como variables esenciales para la toma de decisiones terapéuticas sobre la axila

INTRODUCTION: The total tumour load (TTL) obtained from OSNA study in each of the sentinel lymph nodes has been identified as the most powerful predictor of axillary non-sentinel lymph node metastasis. In addition, the distinct molecular subtypes (MS) of breast cancer differ significantly not only in terms of incidence, prognosis and treatment but also in terms of the pattern of axillary metastatic involvement. We hypothesised that the prediction of metastatic disease in axillary lymphadenectomy could be enhanced by applying a predictive model based on the TTL and the intrinsic tumour subtype. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the MS identified by immunohistochemistry on prediction of metastatic disease in axillary non-sentinel lymph nodes based on TTL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, European multicenter study including 683 patients from 9 hospitals. RESULTS: Univariate analysis identified 6 variables that were significantly correlated with axillary non-sentinel metastasis. Of these, the variables logarithmic value of the TTL, tumour diameter and MS diagnosed by immunohistochemistry were selected for multivariate analysis. The odds ratio estimated by the model were: logarithmic value of the TTL 1.527 (95% CI: 1.299-1.796), tumour diameter 1.503 (95% CI: 1.062-2.129) and MS 2.195 (95% CI: 1.246-3.867). CONCLUSIONS: The strongest predictors of axillary involvement were MS, TTL and tumour diameter. These variables should be included in diagnostic algorithms as essential parameters for therapeutic decision-making on the axilla

Carcinoma en coraza / Carcinoma en Cuirasse

No disponible

Linitis plástica de colon secundaria a metástasis de carcinoma lobulillar infiltrante de mama / Linitis plastica of the colon due to metastases of invasive lobular breast carcinoma

Las metástasis colónicas secundarias a neoplasia de mama son infrecuentes. El subtipo lobulillar infiltrante es el que suele metastatizar con mayor frecuencia debido a su diseminación peritoneal. Se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 67 años intervenida quirúrgicamente con posterior radioterapia y quimioterapia adyuvante de neoplasia de mama subtipo lobulillar hace diez años. La paciente se encuentra actualmente en remisión clínica. Se le realiza colonoscopia debido a síndrome general de reciente comienzo con hallazgos compatibles con linitis plástica colónica secundaria a infiltración por células neoplásicas de carcinoma lobulillar infiltrante (CLI) de mama. En conclusión, la linitis plástica colónica puede ser una nueva forma de presentación de las metástasis colónicas secundarias a CLI de mama

Colon metastases from breast carcinoma are relatively rare and the invasive lobular subtype tends to metastasize more frequently due to its peritoneal dissemination. A 67-year-old female with a lobular subtype breast neoplasm was treated via a surgical resection ten years previously, with subsequent radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. She is currently in clinical remission. A colonoscopy was performed due to a recent onset cachexia syndrome, which identified diffuse linitis plastica of the colon. Biopsies confirmed that it was secondary to infiltration by cancer cells of invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILBC). In conclusion, linitis plastica of the colon may be a new presentation of colon metastases from ILBC

Variabilidad en la práctica de la cirugía mamaria en mujeres participantes en el programa de cribado poblacional de cáncer de mama / Variability of breast surgery in women participating in breast cancer screening programs

Introducción: Actualmente la variabilidad en la práctica quirúrgica constituye un problema a resolver. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es describir la variabilidad en la realización del tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de mama y analizar los factores asociados a la misma. Métodos: La población de estudio comprende 1.057 mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama y tratadas quirúrgicamente procedentes de la cohorte retrospectiva CaMISS. Resultados: La edad media en el momento del diagnóstico fue de 59,3 ± 5 años. Se diagnosticaron 732 pacientes mediante mamografías de cribado y 325 pacientes como cánceres de intervalo. La realización de mastectomía fue más frecuente en los tumores detectados entre intervalos (OR = 2,5; [IC 95%: 1,8-3,4]), aunque este efecto desaparece al ajustar por el resto de variables. El factor más determinante asociado a la realización de una mastectomía fue el TNM: los tumores con estadio iii-iv presentaron una OR de 7,4 (IC 95%: 3,9-13,8), aumentando en la OR ajustada hasta 21,7 (IC 95%: 11,4-41,8). Histológicamente el carcinoma lobulillar infiltrante mantiene la significación en la OR ajustada (Ora = 2,5; [IC 95%: 1,4-4,7]). Según el programa de cribado existen diferencias significativas en el tratamiento quirúrgico. El programa 3 presenta una ORa de cirugía tipo mastectomía de 4 [IC 95%: 1,8-8,9]. Este programa coincide con el de mayor porcentaje de reconstrucción (58,3%). Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra cómo a pesar de tener en cuenta las características de las pacientes y del tumor, existe una elevada variabilidad en el tipo de cirugía en función del lugar de diagnóstico

Introduction: Currently, variability in surgical practice is a problem to be solved. The aim of this study is to describe the variability in the surgical treatment of breast cancer and to analyze the factors associated with it. Methods: The study population included 1057 women diagnosed with breast cancer and surgically treated. Our data were from the CaMISS retrospective cohort. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 59.3 ± 5 years. A total of 732 patients were diagnosed through screening mammograms and 325 patients as interval cancers. The mastectomy surgery was more frequent in the tumors detected between intervals (OR = 2.5; [95%CI: 1.8-3.4]), although this effect disappeared when we adjusted for the rest of the variables. The most important factor associated with performing a mastectomy was TNM: tumors in stage III-IV had an OR of 7.4 [95%CI: 3.9-13.8], increasing in adjusted OR to 21.7 [95%CI: 11.4-41.8]. Histologically, infiltrating lobular carcinoma maintains significance in adjusted OR (OR = 2.5; [95%CI: 1.4-4.7]). According to the screening program, there were significant differences in surgical treatment. Program 3 presented an OR of non-conservative surgery of 4.0 [95%CI: 1.8-8.9]. This program coincided with the highest percentage of reconstruction (58.3%). Conclusions: This study shows that, despite taking into account patient and tumor characteristics, there is great variability in the type of surgery depending on the place of diagnosis

Efficacy of fulvestrant in the treatment of postmenopausal women with endocrine-resistant advanced breast cancer in routine clinical practice

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the efficacy of fulvestrant 500 mg in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive advanced/metastatic breast cancer who had disease progression after receiving anti-estrogen therapy in clinical practice, getting real-world data. Materials and methods: Multicenter, retrospective, observational study conducted in Spain. Postmenopausal women with locally advanced/metastatic ER-positive breast cancer who received treatment with fulvestrant 500 mg after progression with a previous anti-estrogen therapy were eligible. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), clinical benefit rate (CBR), duration of clinical benefit (DoCB), and safety profile. Results: A total of 263 women were evaluated (median age, 65.8 years). At a median follow-up of 21.5 months, median PFS and OS were 10.6 and 43.2 months, respectively. PFS according to 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and ≥ 4th lines were 11.5, 10.6, 9.9, and 8.5 months, respectively (p = 0.0245). PFS in patients with visceral involvement was 10 months vs 10.6 months in patients without visceral involvement (p = 0.6604), 9.6 months in patients with high Ki67 vs 10 months in patients with low Ki67 (p = 0.7224), and 10.2 months in HER2+ patients vs 10.3 months in HER2− patients (p = 0.6809). The CBR was 56.5% and the DoCB was 18.4 months. The most frequently adverse events were injection site pain (10.3%) and musculoskeletal disorders (7.6%). Conclusions: Fulvestrant 500 mg administered in clinical practice was shown to be effective (PFS, 10.6 months; CBR, 56.5%) and well tolerated, in accordance with previous trials

No disponible

Metástasis en ciego de un cáncer lobulillar de mama diagnosticada con 18F-FDG PET/TC / Caecal metastasis from lobular breast cancer diagnosed using 18F-FDG PET/CT

No disponible

Tríada de Rosen: carcinoma lobulillar in situ, lesiones de células columnares y carcinoma tubular. A propósito de un caso / Rosen's triad: Lobular carcinoma in situ, columnar cell lesions and tubular carcinoma. A case report

No disponible

Linitis plástica como presentación de un carcinoma lobulillar de mama / Linitis plastica as a presentation of lobular breast carcinoma

El estómago es un lugar infrecuente de metastatización del cáncer de mama. Presentamos un caso de linitis plástica metastásica de un carcinoma lobulillar de mama localmente avanzado. La distinción entre el origen primario gástrico del secundario es fundamental, y se basa en estudios inmunohistoquímicos de las biopsias (AU)

The stomach is an infrequent site of breast cancer metastasis. We report a case of metastatic linitis plastica from locally advanced lobular breast carcinoma. The distinction between primary and secondary gastric origin is essential and is based on immunohistochemical studies of biopsies (AU)

Metástasis ampular por carcinoma lobulillar de mama / Ampular metastasis of a breast lobulillar carcinoma

No disponible

Afectación vesical metastásica del cáncer de mama / Metastatic urinary bladder involvement in breast cancer

OBJETIVO: Aportar a la literatura tres casos poco habituales de tumor primario de mama con metástasis a vejiga. MÉTODO: Presentación de los tres casos clínicos y revisión de la literatura. RESULTADO: Se trataba de tres mujeres con una edad media de 49,3 años, diagnosticadas de carcinoma mamario lobulillar infiltrante. Dos de ellas presentaron hematuria tras el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama. La tercera se diagnostica como hallazgo incidental tras TAC de control. Al diagnóstico de las metástasis vesicales ya presentaban implantes en otros órganos. El tratamiento en los tres casos fue paliativo. Las pacientes fallecieron por enfermedad cáncer específica. CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de metástasis vesicales por cáncer de mama son infrecuentes. La aparición de síntomas del tracto urinario en estas pacientes requiere de un estudio diagnóstico con el fin de descartar dichas metástasis

OBJECTIVE: To contribute to the literature with three unusual cases of primary breast tumor with metastasis to the urinary bladder. METHODS: Presentation of the three clinical cases and bibliographic review. RESULTS: Three women, with an average age of 49.3 years, were diagnosed with invasive lobular breast carcinoma. Two of them suffered from hematuria after being diagnosed with breast cancer. The third patient was diagnosed incidentally after a routine CT scan. Upon diagnosis of the bladder metastases, they already had metastasis in other locations. The treatment of the three cases was palliative. The cause of death was due to additional pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of bladder metastases due to breast cancer is infrequent. The appearance of urinary tract symptoms in these patients requires a diagnostic study in order to rule out metastases

Mammary hamartoma in a male / Hamartoma mamario en el varón

No disponible

Metástasis de carcinoma mamario lobulillar en sigma / Metastasis of lobular breast carcinoma in the sigmoid colon

No disponible

Retrospective study assesing the role of MRI in the diagnostic procedures for early breast carcinoma: a correlation of new foci in the MRI with tumor pathological features

BACKGROUND: Use of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect breast cancer has generated significant debate. We analyze the role of breast MRI in the detection of additional disease and the need to perform additional biopsies in early breast carcinoma patients. In addition, we correlate the detection of new foci with tumor pathological features. METHODS: Early breast carcinoma patients that had undergone an MRI as well as a mammography as diagnostic procedures were included in the study. The following pathologic features were studied: carcinoma type, histological grade, estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), HER2 and Ki67. Univariate analysis was conducted to ascertain significant correlation among detection of new foci and each of the tumor pathological features. RESULTS: Data from 98 patients have been analyzed: median age 49 years (range 35-79); carcinoma type: (a) infiltrative ductal carcinoma (n = 73, 74 %), (b) infiltrative lobular cancer (n = 12, 12 %), (c) ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 6, 6 %); amplified HER2 (n = 18, 18 %); grade III (n = 33, 33 %); Ki67 ≥ 25 % (n = 33, 33.67 %); positive ER and PR (n = 79, 80 %); triple negative tumors (n = 8, 8 %). MRI detected additional disease in 38 cases (39.58 %), and 20 led to an additional biopsy (20.4 %). Thirty-eight patients (39 %) underwent mastectomy. We found a statistically significant correlation between new foci in MRI and high Ki67 ≥ 25 % (p < 0.005). No other statistically significant correlation was established. CONCLUSION: MRI detected additional disease in 39 % cases, requiring an additional biopsy 20 %. Tumors with high proliferative index were significantly correlated with the detection of new foci in MRI (AU)

Metástasis clínicamente silente de un carcinoma lobulillar de mama en un pólipo endometrial / Metastasis of a clinically silent lobular breast carcinoma to an endometrial polyp

Las metástasis del cáncer de mama en útero son raras y generalmente, cuando existen, los ovarios suelen estar afectados como muestra de una enfermedad diseminada. Sólo hay 14 casos descritos de metástasis de un carcinoma de mama en un pólipo endometrial en pacientes tratadas con tamoxifeno. Tanto su evolución, como su pronóstico son inciertos. Presentamos un caso de metástasis en un pólipo endometrial de un carcinoma lobulillar de mama con buena evolución posterior y un período libre de enfermedad de 5 años(AU)

Metastases to uterus from breast cancer are rare, and in most of the cases the ovaries are also involved. Metastases from breast cancer to an endometrial polyp have been only described in 14 cases; therefore the prognosis and survival are uncertain. We described a case of metastasis from breast carcinoma to an endometrial polyp in a patient who received tamoxifen therapy, with a good outcome and disease-free at 5-years(AU)