Celulitis cervical odontógena / Cervical Cellulitis of Odontogenic Origin

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Hipertensión arterial e insuficiencia renal crónica: repercusiones estomatológicas, una revisión / Hypertension and chronic renal failure: stomatologic Impact, a review

Tanto la enfermedad cardiovascular como la enfermedad renal constituyen dos realidades fisiopatológicas de reconocimientos mortales crecientes en el ámbito mundial y de prioridades en materia de salud integral. En efecto, mientras que la Hipertensión Arterial (HTA) y la aterosclerosis son causas, cada vez más frecuentes de nefropatía, este deterioro crónico de la función renal genera un estado vasculopático que facilita el desarrollo de lesiones del sistema cardiovascular considerándose, así como enfermedades que van de la mano. Estos signos, no van aislados, a su vez se comportan como factores desencadenantes de afecciones bucodentales, como xerostomía, agrandamiento gingival, edema gingival, enfermedad periodontal, hemorragias petequiales, entre otras lesiones estomatológicas que empeoran el pronóstico de la enfermedad sistémica, afectando la calidad de vida del paciente y en diversas ocasiones dichas condiciones orales, según la gravedad, se comportan como factores etiológicos de enfermedad sistémica. Estas manifestaciones patológicas normalmente son vistas como de baja importancia por parte de los pacientes, debido a que sus prioridades, corresponden a atender su situación sistémica. El propósito de esta revisión narrativa es describir las principales repercusiones bucales de cardiopatías y nefropatías, aportándole a la comunidad científica, académica y médico-odontológica, conceptos actuales y elementales en la relación directa que poseen estas dos entidades sistémicas con la cavidad bucal

Both cardiovascular disease and kidney disease are two pathophysiological deadly realities of growing worldwide recognition and priorities for overall health. Indeed, while high blood pressure (hypertension) and atherosclerosis are becoming more common causes of kidney disease, this chronic deterioration of kidney function generates a vasculopatic state that facilitates the development of lesions of the cardiovascular system as well as diseases that are considered to the hand. These systemic conditions, they will not isolated, in turn behave as triggers of oral conditions, such as dry mouth, gingival enlargement, gingival edema, periodontal disease, petechial hemorrhages, including oral manifestations that worsen the prognosis of systemic disease, affecting quality of life of patients and on several occasions oral conditions such as gravity, act as etiological factors of systemic disease. These effects are usually cause for impairment by patients, because their priorities are to address systemic situation and is not cause for concern. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the main impact of oral disease and kidney disease, bringing the basic direct relationship in the scientific, academic, medical and dental, current concepts and possess both systemic institutions with the oral cavity

Asistencia odontológica a bordo del Buque de Aprovisionamiento al Combate "Cantabria" durante la operación de mantenimiento de la paz Sophia 2017 / Dental aid on board the Supply Combat Support Ship A-15 "Cantabria" during Sophia peace keaping operation 2017

OBJETIVO: Analizar la asistencia odontológica prestada a bordo del Buque de Aprovisionamiento para el Combate (B.A.C.) A-15 "Cantabria" durante su despliegue como buque de mando de la Operación de Mantenimiento de la Paz (OMP) EUNAVFOR MED SOPHIA 2017, desde el 21 de agosto y el 20 de diciembre del mismo año (122 días). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal descriptivo retrospectivo de incidencias acumuladas y tratamientos de las patologías odontológicas ocurridas entre el 21 de agosto y el 20 de diciembre de 2017 a bordo del B.A.C. A-15 "Cantabria". Las variables categóricas se expresaron en frecuencias absolutas, relativas y porcentuales, también se extrapolan los resultados de las causas de emergencias dentales con el índice de 1000 soldados/año. RESULTADOS: Las emergencias bucodentales que se atendieron en el gabinete de odontología del buque ocurrieron en 67 de los militares destinados o comisionados a bordo, 28,88% de la población. La patología que mostró más incidencias fue la gingivitis con un 22,32% seguido de la caries primaria con un 16,96%. CONCLUSIONES: Las patologías bucodentales presentan una alta incidencia durante los despliegues navales de la Armada. La gingivitis y la caries fueron las principales causas de asistencia odontológica. El personal de sanidad a bordo de buques que no dispongan de odontólogo deberían estar familiarizados con las emergencias bucodentales más comunes. Se deben realizar planes de prevención de la salud bucodental para las dotaciones de los buques e identificar a la población de riesgo a la que dirigir las estrategias preventivas y/o Planes de Prevención en Salud Oral

OBJECTIVE: Analyze and quantify odontological emergencies on board the Supply Combat Support Ship A-15 "Cantabria", as flagship during EUNAVFOR MES Sophia peace keaping operation 2017, during the period from 21st August to 20th December, 2017 (122 days). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Transversal, descriptive, retrospective study of incidences and their treatments was carried out from 21st August to 20th December, 2017 on board the Supply Combat Support Ship A-15 "Cantabria" with 232 military. The categorical variables were expressed in absolute, relative and percentage frequencies, as well as the results are extrapolated with the index of 1000 soldiers / year. RESULTS: Oral emergencies that were attended in the warship's dental office occurred in 67 of the military personnel assigned or commissioned on board, 28.88% of the total sample (232). The pathology that showed the most incidences was gingivitis with 22.32% followed by primary caries with 16.96% of the total. CONCLUSIONS: Oral pathologies present a high incidence during the Spanish Navy deployments. Gingivitis and caries were the main causes of dental care. It is necessary that health personnel on board ships that do not have dentists are familiar with the most common oral emergencies. Oral health prevention plans must be carried out for the provisions of the naval vessels and identify risk population to direct the "oral health" policies

Craniomaxillofacial morphology alterations in children, adolescents and adults with neurofibromatosis 1: A cone beam computed tomography analysis of a Brazilian sample

Background: Oral manifestations are common in neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), and include jaws and teeth alterations. Our aim was to investigate the craniomaxillofacial morphology of Brazilian children, adolescents and adults with NF1 using cone beam computed tomography. Material and Methods: This study was conducted with 36 Brazilian individuals with NF1 with ages ranging from 4 to 75. The participants were submitted to anamnesis, extra and intraoral exam and cephalometric analysis using cone beam computed tomography. Height of the NF1 individuals was compared to the length of jaws and skull base. The results of the cephalometric measurements of the NF1 group were compared with a control group paired by age, gender and skin color. Results: Individuals with NF1 had lower maxillary length (p<0.0001), lower mandibular length (p<0.0001), lower skull base length (p<0.0001. In children and adolescents, the mandible was more posteriorly positioned (p=0.01), when compared with the control group. There was no association between jaws and skull base length with the height of the individuals with NF1. Conclusions: Brazilian children, adolescents and adults with NF1 have short mandible, maxilla and skull base. Moreover, children and adolescents present mandibular retrusion (AU)

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Lesiones orales, alteraciones sistémicas y patrón nutricional de adultos mayores en Cartagena, Colombia / Oral lesions, systemic disorders and nutritional pattern of elderlies in Cartagena, Colombia

Introducción: La edad trae consigo cambios en la estructura y función de la cavidad bucal. Factores como el metabolismo y la nutrición pueden asociarse con la aparición de lesiones orales. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en describir la prevalencia de lesiones orales, alteraciones sistémicas y patrón nutricional de una muestra de adultos mayores en Cartagena (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en cinco centros geriátricos en Cartagena (Colombia). Se evaluó el estado de salud bucal y sistémico mediante examen intraoral e historia clínica; además, el patrón nutricional mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos (FFQ). El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se evaluaron 185 adultos mayores a 59 años; 51,9% corresponden al género femenino y 48,1% al género masculino. Según el estado de salud bucal, las lesiones orales observadas con mayor frecuencia fueron el tumor compatible con torus (47,1%) y fisuras en lengua (24,9%). Conforme al estado de salud sistémico las enfermedades mas frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial (50,8%) y la diabetes mellitus (38,4%). En cuanto al patrón nutricional, se observó un alto consumo de alimentos farináceos (ricos en hidratos de carbono complejos) (3.408±1.068 gr/semana), frutas (1.956±1.682 gr/semana) y productos lácteos (1.616±514 gr/semana). Conclusión: La muestra de adultos mayores evaluada presenta lesiones orales y enfermedades sistémicas frecuentes en este grupo poblacional. Sin embargo, la condición nutricional puede estar alterada por el bajo consumo de alimentos con alto contenido proteico

Introduction: Age brings with it changes in the structure and function of the oral cavity. Factors such as metabolism and nutrition may be associated with the occurrence of oral lesions. The objective of the present study was to describe the prevalence of oral lesions, systemic alterations and nutritional pattern of a sample of elderly adults in Cartagena (Colombia). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in five geriatric centers in Cartagena (Colombia). The state of oral and systemic health was evaluated through intraoral examination and clinical history; In addition, the nutritional pattern through a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: 185 adults older than 59 years were evaluated. 51.9% correspond to the female gender and 48.1% to the male gender. According to the state of oral health, the oral lesions most frequently observed were the tumor torus-compatible (47.1%) and tongue fissures (24.9%). According to the state of systemic health, the most frequent diseases were arterial hypertension (50.8%) and diabetes mellitus (38.4%). As for the nutritional pattern, a high consumption of farinaceous foods (rich in complex carbohydrates) (3408±1068 gr/week), fruits (1956±1682 gr/week) and dairy products (1616±514 gr/week). Conclusion: The sample of older adults evaluated presents oral lesions and systemic diseases frequent in this population group. However, the nutritional status may be altered by the low consumption of foods with high protein content

Manejo dental del paciente en tratamiento con anticoagulantes orales directos / Dental handling of the patient in treatment with direct oral anticoagulants

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una re- visión de los anticoagulantes orales directos comparándolos con los clásicos, y establecer una guía para el manejo de los pacientes ancianos anticoagulados durante el tratamiento dental. Los anticoagulantes orales directos parecen seguros y efectivos. Estos fármacos facilitan el manejo de los pacientes de edad avanzada en la consulta dental ya que tienen menos interacciones y no requieren monitorización periódica. Generalmente, no es necesario suspender su administración para procedimientos dentales invasivos, ni la realización de pruebas anticoagulantes preoperatorias, aunque se deberá manejar cada caso de forma individualizada. Sin embargo, aunque los anticoagulantes orales directos poseen ventajas frente a los clásicos, son necesarios más estudios para instaurar un procedimiento de cara al tratamiento odontológico del paciente anciano. No obstante, se pueden establecer una serie de recomendaciones que permitan su manejo dental, siempre y cuando cada caso se trate de forma particular (AU)

The objective of the present study is to carry out a review of direct oral anticoagulants in comparison with the classics ones and to establish a guide for the management of anticoagulated patients during dental treatment. Direct oral anticoagulants appear safe and effective. These drugs facilitate the management of elderly patients in the dental office and have fewer interactions and do not require periodic monitoring. In general, it is not necessary to suspend its administration for invasive dental procedures or to perform preoperative anticoagulant tests, although it is decided to handle each case individually. however, although direct oral anticoagulants have advantages over the classic ones, more studies are necessary to establish a procedure for the dental treatment of the elderly patient. Nevertheless, a series of recommendations can be established that allow its dental management, as long as each case is treated in a particular way (AU)

Manejo odontológico del paciente con Miastenia Gravis / Dental treatment in patients with myasthenia gravis

La miastenia gravis es el trastorno neuromuscular más frecuente caracterizado por una afectación en la transmisión del impulso nervioso que repercutirá directamente en el tratamiento odontológico del paciente. Tiene gran importancia en odontología por su clínica, ya que afecta a la musculatura facial y masticatoria por lo que se deberá seguir un protocolo de actuación. El odontólogo deberá tener conocimiento de las interacciones y efectos secundarios medicamentosos para poder evitarlos durante el procedimiento, ya que estos pueden dar lugar a una crisis miasténica que acabe con la vida del paciente (AU)

Myasthenia gravis is the most common neuromuscular disorder characterized by an affection in the transmission of the nerve impulse that will directly affect the dental treatment of the patient. It is of great importance in dentistry because of its clinical manifestations, as it affects the facial and masticatory musculature, so a protocol of action should be followed. The dentist must be aware of the interactions and side effects of the medication in order to avoid them during the procedure, as these can lead to a myasthenic crisis that could kill the patient (AU)

Consideraciones odontológicas en los pacientes con Púrpura Trombocitopénica Idiopática / Dental considerations in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Los trastornos de coagulación constituyen un gran inconveniente en la práctica odontológica diaria, especialmente en los cada vez más frecuentes tratamientos quirúrgicos implantológicos, por el riesgo de hemorragia. La púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática (PTI) o púrpura inmune primaria forma parte del grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades denominadas ‘raras’ y está caracterizada por una disminución temporal o persistente del recuento plaquetario. A un mayor número de sucesos hemorrágicos derivados de la PTI se añade el empleo de fármacos con una gran e importante repercusión odontológica como la ciclosporina, los anticuerpos monoclonales o los corticoides. El objetivo de este trabajo es facilitar al odontólogo las principales características de la enfermedad y las implicaciones farmacológicas relacionadas con su tratamiento a fin de dispensar una atención correcta e individualizada a cada paciente (AU)

Coagulation disorders are a major drawback in daily dental practice, more so in the increasingly frequent implant surgical treatments, because of the risk of bleeding. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) or primary immune purpura is part of the heterogeneous group of so-called ‘rare’ diseases and is characterized by a temporary or persistent decrease in platelet counts. A greater number of hemorrhagic events derived from ITP are added the use of drugs with a large and important dental impact, such as cyclosporine, monoclonal antibodies or corticosteroids. The objective of this work is to provide the dentist the main characteristics of the disease and the pharmacological implications related to its treatment in order to provide a correct and individualized care to each patient (AU)

Oral diseases: a 14-year experience of a Chilean institution with a systematic review from eight countries

BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies to assess the distribution of oral diseases (ODs) are helpful in estimating the prevalence of oral diagnoses in the population, and thus help in preventive and curative services. Prevalence and frequency data for ODs are available from many countries, but information from Chile is scarce. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study investigated the frequency of ODs in a Chilean population. For this, we included all patients treated at the University of Talca (UTALCA, Chile) between 2001 and 2014. Patient characteristics were retrieved from medical files. To contextualize our results, we conducted a systematic review (SystRev) using Publish or Perish software (PoP), Google Scholar and MEDLINE/PubMed. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-six ODs were diagnosed, and the most prevalent groups were soft tissue tumours, epithelial pathology and salivary gland pathology. Individually, irritation fibroma, oral lichen planus (OLP) and mucocele were the most common diagnoses. ODs frequently affected unspecified parts of the mouth (including cheek, vestibule and retromolar area), gum, lips, tongue and palate. In the SystRev, the more studied diagnoses were leukoplakia, OLP and recurrent aphthous stomatitis; prevalent lesions included Fordyce's spots, recurrent aphthous stomatitis and fissured tongue. Chilean patients and SistRev shared almost all ODs. CONCLUSIONS: The results reflect ODs diagnosed in a specialized service of oral pathology and medicine in Chile and will allow the establishment of preventive/curative policies, adequate health services and dentistry curriculum

Implicaciones de los cambios posturales en el ámbito de la odontología / Implications of postural changes in the field of dentistry

El objetivo de este artículo es determinar la relevancia clínica que estos trastornos tienen sobre el sistema estomatognático. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica del tema en los últimos diez años. Resultados: El aparato estomatognático interviene en la regulación de la postura corporal, recibiendo información propioceptiva y exteroceptiva de los músculos, los tendones, la lengua, el ligamento periodontal, superficies oclusales y la articulación témporo-mandibular. Ante la presencia de una maloclusión, se producen alteraciones musculares para compensar los movimientos patológicos de lateralidad, retrusión o protrusión mandibular, en busca de equilibrio postural. Conclusiones: El odontólogo como profesional de la salud tiene la responsabilidad de conocer la relación entre ambas disciplinas y prever las posibles consecuencias (AU)

The aim of this article is to determine the clinical relevance that these disorders have on the stomatognathic system. A bibliographic review of the topic was carried out during the last ten years. Results: The stomatognathic apparatus intervenes in the regulation of the body posture, receiving proprioceptive information obtained by chewing muscles, tendons, tongue, periodontal ligament, occlusal surfaces and temporomandibular joint. This system is considered as a mechanical disturbing element of the posture. In the presence of a malocclusion, alterations occur to compensate for the pathological movements of laterality, retrusion or mandibular protrusion, in search of postural balance. Conclusions: The dentist as a health professional has the responsibility to know the relationship between both disciplines and to foresee the possible consequences (AU)

XI National Congress and VIII International of the Spanish Society of Conservative Dentistry: Granada, May 19-21, 2016

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Serum zinc levels in 368 patients with oral mucosal diseases: A preliminary study

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the serum zinc levels in patients with common oral mucosal diseases by comparing these to healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 368 patients, which consisted of 156 recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients, 57 oral lichen planus (OLP) patients, 55 burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients, 54 atrophic glossitis (AG) patients, 46 xerostomia patients, and 115 sex-and age-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. Serum zinc levels were measured in all participants. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA, t-test, and Chi-square test. RESULTS: The mean serum zinc level in the healthy control group was significantly higher than the levels of all other groups (p < 0.001). No individual in the healthy control group had a serum zinc level less than the minimum normal value. However, up to 24.7% (13/54) of patients with AG presented with zinc deficiency, while 21.2% (33/156) of patients with RAS, 16.4% (9/55) of patients with BMS, 15.2% (7/46) of patients with xerostomia, and 14.0% (8/57) of patients with OLP were zinc deficient. Altogether, the zinc deficiency rate was 19.02% (70/368) in the oral mucosal diseases (OMD) group (all patients with OMD). The difference between the OMD and healthy control group was significant (p< 0.001). Gender differences in serum zinc levels were also present, although not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Zinc deficiency may be involved in the pathogenesis of common oral mucosal diseases. Zinc supplementation may be a useful treatment for oral mucosal diseases, but this requires further investigation; the optimal serum level of zinc, for the prevention and treatment of oral mucosal diseases, remains to be determined

Mecanismo de acción de "plantas medicinales" aplicadas en lesiones estomatológicas: Revisión. Mecanismo de transferencia de energía mediante moléculas antiinflamatorias y antioxidantes absorbidas por los receptores de las membranas celulares de la mucosa oral. Hipótesis / Action's mechanism of medical plants applied on stomatological lesions: Review. Transfer mechanism of energy by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant molecules absorved by cell membranes receptors of oral mucosa. Hypotesis

Se realiza una síntesis de las características estructurales y moleculares de las membranas celulares humanas y de las paredes celulares de las plantas medicinales (CWP). El presente análisis soporta una hipótesis acerca de las relaciones existente entre ambas. El propósito es establecer el mecanismo de acción en el tratamiento local de irritaciones, quemaduras, abrasiones, pequeñas úlceras y reacciones agudas ampollares alérgicas, y enfermedad de las encías. Las proteínas de las paredes celulares de las plantas son proteínas extracelulares glicosiladas, polisacáridos, proteasas y lectinas. Acerca del 90% de las CWP son capaces de realizar funciones bioquímicas y biológicas. Su actividad antiinflamatoria ha sido investigada por varios autores como una inhibición del ácido araquidónico metabolizado por flavonoides. Investigaciones clínicas sugieren que las plantas medicinales aceleran la curación de las heridas ya que ellas aumentan la síntesis de colágeno y de proteoglicanos, promoviendo la reparación de los tejidos (AU)

Previously, a synthesis is presented about structural and molecular characteristics of human cell´s membranes and cell´s walls of medicinal plants. This analyses support an hypothesis about the relationships between both of them. The purpose is to establish the possibility of using it, as local treatment on irritations, burns, abrasions, small ulcers, acute bullous allergic reaction, gums illness and fungal infections of oral mucosa. Cell wall proteins (CWP) are glycosided proteins and polysaccharides, proteasas and lectins. They have been described as being extracellular. About 90% of CWP are capable to realize biochemical and biological functions. Anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by flavonoids, isolated from medicinal plants have been studied. Clinical investigations suggest that medicinal plants accelerate wound healing because they increase collagen and proteoglycan syntesis promoting tissue repair (AU)

Actitudes de salud bucodental en relación al nivel socoeconómico en individuos adultos / Oral health attitudes related to the socioeconomic level in adults

Introducción: Las actitudes intervienen de manera decisiva en la aparición y el desarrollo de las enfermedades bucodentales. El presente trabajo se propone analizar las actitudes de salud bucodental y su relación con el nivel socioeconómico (NSE) en individuos adultos de la Ciudad de Corrientes; Argentina. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal. A través de una encuesta domiciliaria se recolectó información referente a datos sociodemográficos y a actitudes de salud bucodental utilizando la técnica de observación directa mediante entrevistador "cara a cara". Se determinó el tamaño de la muestra estableciéndose un nivel de confianza del 95% para la generalización de los resultados (381 individuos). Se aplicó un diseño muestral aleatorio simple para la selección de las viviendas a encuestar, que se complementó con un muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas para la selección de los individuos a entrevistar a partir de los datos proporcionados por el censo 2010. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó el programa SPSS 21.0. Las diferencias según el NSE se analizaron con la prueba Kruskall-Wallis, empleándose pruebas U de Mann-Whitney para valorar las diferencias de a pares. Resultados: Se halló que los individuos de NSE más bajo presentan actitudes de salud bucodental menos favorables, en particular en lo que se refiere a la actitud frente al dolor dental y a los motivos por los cuales se consulta generalmente al odontólogo. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo pueden ser considerados como un recurso importante para diseñar estrategias de intervención que contemplen los determinantes socioculturales del proceso salud enfermedad (AU)

Introduction: Attitudes intervene decisively in the onset and development of oral diseases. This paper analyses the attitudes toward the oral health and its relationship with socioeconomic status (SES) in adults from the city of Corrientes, Argentina. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Information on sociodemographic and oral health attitudes was collected through a household survey using the technique of direct observation by the "face to face" interviewer. The sample size was determined by establishing a confidence level of 95% for the generalization of results (381 individuals). Simple random sampling design was used for the selection of households to be surveyed, which was supplemented with a non-probability sampling procedure for selecting individuals to be interviewed, based on data provided by the 2010 census. We used a SPSS 21.0 program for the analysis of data. Differences according to the socioeconomic level were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, using UMann-Whitney tests to assess differences between pairs. Results: It was found that individuals from lower socioeconomic level have less favourable attitudes of oral health, particularly in regard to the attitude to dental pain and frequent reason to dentist consultation. Conclusion: The results of this work can be considered as an important resource to design intervention strategies that address the social and cultural determinants of health-disease process (AU)

A comparison of the dental status and treatment needs of older adults with and without chronic mental illness in Sevilla, Spain

Objectives: To study the dental status and treatment needs of institutionalized older adults with chronic mental illness compared to a non-psychiatric control sample. Study Design: The sample size was 100, in which 50 were psychogeriatric patients (study group; SG) classified according to DSM-IV, with a mean age of 69.6 ± 6.7 years, and 50 non-psychiatric patients (control group; CG), with a mean age of 68.3 ± 6.9 years. Clinical oral health examinations were conducted and caries were recorded clinically using the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth Index (DMFT). Results were analyzed statistically using the Student’s t-test or analysis of variance. Results: CaConventional radiofrequency treatment in five (..) (AU)

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Tomografía computerizada de haz cónico. Aplicaciones clínicas en odontología; comparación con otras técnicas / Cone beam computed tomography Clinical aplications in dentistry Comparations with others techniques

Las radiografías convencionales representan objetos de 3D con imágenes de 2D con una significativa superposición de estructuras y magnificación impredecible. La tomografía computerizada (CT) permite una visualización real en 3D de las estructuras óseas y dentoalveolares, la CT de haz cónico (CBCT) libera una menor radiación que la CT convencional. El propósito de este artículo es discutir las aplicaciones clínicas en el diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento dental y orofacial y comparar CBCT con otras técnicas de imagen en la realización de estas tareas (AU)

Conventional radiographs represent 2-Dimages of 3-D objects with significant structure superimposition and unpredictable magnification. Computed tomography (CT) allows true 3-Dvisualization of dentoalveolar and osseous structures, cone beam CT (CBCT) delivers lower radiation than convencional CT. The aim of this article is discuss the clinical applications in dental and orofacial diagnosis and treatment planning and to compare CBCT with other image techniques in doing those tasks (AU)

Meta-analisis of the etiology of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis

Objective: To identify and evaluate the frequency of the different odontogenic conditions that may lead to maxillarysinusitis. Study design: An observational and retrospective meta-analysis was carried out on 770 cases ofmaxillary sinusitis obtained from a literature review of 15 articles. Results: Maxillary sinusitis most commonlymanifests itself as chronic maxillary sinusitis. It is more common in females and is most often diagnosed in thefifth decade of life. The teeth most predominantly affected are the molars, with the first molar tooth being the mostfrequently involved. The principal etiological factor is extraction (AU)

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Consideraciones farmacodinámicas y farmacocinéticas en los tratamientos habituales del paciente gerodontológico / Farmacocinetic and farmacodinamic considerations in habitual

En los últimos años se está produciendo un aumento progresivo de la proporción y el número de personas mayores de 65 años. La gran mayoría de estas personas padecen a menudo algún tipo de enfermedad crónica y a menudo consumen uno o varios fármacos para tratarlas o disminuir sus síntomas. Por tanto debemos estudiar los cambios que se producen en el organismo durante la edad anciana y de que manera afectan a la farmacocinética y farmacodinamia de los medicamentos más utilizados en las consultas (..) (AU)

In the last years a progressive increase of the proportion and the number of greater people of 65 years is taking place. The great majority of these people often suffers some type of chronic disease and often they consume one or several drugs to treat them or to diminish its symptoms. Therefore we must study the changes that take place in the organism during the old age and how they affect the farmacocinétic and farmacodinamic of medicines more used in our clinics (AU)

¿Qué le puede pasar a la Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial, a la Estomatología y a la Odontología con el desarrollo, quizá incontrolado, de las terapias implantológicas o similares así como de forma parecida a la medicina y a sus especialidades, en los aspectos que les correspondan a cada una de ellas? / What could happen to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology, and Odontology with the development, possibly uncontrolled, of implantologic or similar therapies? Likewise, what could happen to medicine and its specialties?

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