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1.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 23(1): 1-11, ene.-abr. 2023. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-213099

RESUMO

Background/Objective: Neuroimaging studies have shown brain abnormalities in Down syndrome (DS) but have not clarified the underlying mechanisms of dysfunction. Here, we investigated the degree centrality (DC) abnormalities found in the DS group compared with the control group, and we conducted seed-based functional connectivity (FC) with the significant clusters found in DC. Moreover, we used the significant clusters of DC and the seed-based FC to elucidate differences between brain networks in DS compared with controls.Method: The sample comprised 18 persons with DS (M = 28.67, SD = 4.18) and 18 controls (M = 28.56, SD = 4.26). Both samples underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: DC analysis showed increased DC in the DS in temporal and right frontal lobe, as well as in the left caudate and rectus and decreased DC in the DS in regions of the left frontal lobe. Regarding seed-based FC, DS showed increased and decreased FC. Significant differences were also found between networks using Yeo parcellations, showing both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity between and within networks. Conclusions: DC, seed-based FC and brain networks seem altered in DS, finding hypo- and hyperconnectivity depending on the areas. Network analysis revealed between- and within-network differences, and these abnormalities shown in DS could be related to the characteristics of the population. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Síndrome de Down , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso , Cérebro , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Sementes
5.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 5(11): 1444-1465, nov. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-201159

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: los Defectos de Tubo Neural (DTN) son defectos congénitos del sistema nervioso central resultado del cierre inadecuado en alguna zona del tubo neural, siendo los más frecuentes Anencefalia y Espina Bífida en sus diferentes variantes. En Latinoamérica y México se encuentran dentro de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad infantil. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Análisis de series de tiempo de casos y defunciones de DTN en Hidalgo del 2013-2018 generado a partir de la base de datos de la Dirección General de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de los Defectos del Tubo Neural y Craneofaciales proporcionada por la Secretaria de Salud del Estado de Hidalgo, se incluyeron 187 casos con DTN que nacieron y radican en el Estado. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad infantil específicas por DTN con el objetivo de identificar probables factores que incidan o incrementen dichas tendencias. RESULTADOS: la incidencia de DTN fue de 58.7 en el periodo estudiado, la Anencefalia es el más incidente 45% (84), seguido del Mielomeningocele 33% (62) él cual muestra una incidencia creciente. El 84% de la población estaba afiliada al Seguro Popular. Solo el 7.5% (14) de las madres de los casos consumieron ácido fólico tres meses previos al embarazo y el 55% (103) acudieron a 3 consultas prenatales o menos. CONCLUSIONES: Los DTN requieren de estudio y vigilancia permanente pues representan una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad en la infancia que afecta a los individuos que los padecen, sus familias, la sociedad y el sistema de salud, con esto se evitarían resultados negativos


INTRODUCTION: Neural Tube Defects (DTN) are congenital defects of the central nervous system resulting from an inadequate closure in some area of ​​the neural tube, the most frequent being Anencephaly and Spina Bifida in their different variants. In Latin America and Mexico, they are among the main causes of infant morbidity and mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of time series of cases and deaths of DTN in Hidalgo from 2013-2018 generated from the database of the General Directorate of Epidemiological Surveillance of Neural Tube and Craniofacial Defects directly by the Ministry of Health of the State of Hidalgo, included 187 cases with DTN that were born and reside in the State. DTN specific infant mortality rates will be calculated in order to identify probable factors that influence or increase various trends. RESULTS: the incidence of DTN was 58.7 in the period studied, Anencephaly is the most incident 45% (84), followed by Myelomeningocele 33% (62), which shows an increasing incidence. 84% of the population was affiliated at the Seguro Popular. Only 7.5% (14) of the mothers of the cases consumed folic acid three months before the pregnancy and 55% (103) attended 3 or less prenatal visits. CONCLUSIONS: DTN are problems of study and permanent surveillance, since they represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood that affect the individuals who suffer, their families, society and the health system, this would avoid negative results


Assuntos
Humanos , Tubo Neural/anormalidades , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia , Disrafismo Espinal/epidemiologia , Anencefalia/epidemiologia , Meningomielocele/epidemiologia , Meningocele/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/complicações , Disrafismo Espinal/classificação , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , México/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/epidemiologia , Mortalidade Infantil/tendências
7.
Prog. obstet. ginecol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(5): 431-437, sept.-oct. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-181383

RESUMO

Objectives: There is an increasing interest in the sonographic detection of posterior fossa (PF) anomalies in the first trimester (1T) of pregnancy. However, there is poor agreement in the diagnostic criteria among different investigators. Our objective is to describe a qualitative reproducible sonographic feature that can be useful to predict pathology in the PF during the 1T of pregnancy. Methods: Two experienced operators, blinded to the final clinical outcome, retrospectively analysed stored 3D volume data sets from 68 1T fetuses (11 + 0‐13 + 6w), including 14 with abnormal PF that were randomly added to the sample. The choroid plexus (CP) of the IV ventricle was assessed in midsagittal and axial planes by multiplanar navigation. It was classified as present or absent if the echogenic line between the brain stem and the cisterna magna was visible or not in both planes. Results: 3D volume data sets were acquired transabdominally in 58 (85%) cases and transvaginally in the other 10 (15%). The CP of the IV ventricle was classified as present in 53 cases and as absent in 15 cases, with total agreement between the two observers in both axial and sagittal planes except for one case. The CP was absent in: 10 fetuses with aneuploidy (triploidy: 5; trisomy 13: 2; trisomy 18: 2; Turner syndrome: 1); 4 fetuses with CNS anomalies (open neural tube defects: 2; encephalocele: 1; Dandy‐Walker malformation: 1); and 1 normal fetus (false positive). Conclusions: Qualitative assessment of the CP of the IV ventricle seems to be highly reproducible. This simple sonographic feature can facilitate the detection of PF anomalies, which are frequently associated with aneuploidies


Objetivo: describir una característica cualitativa y reproducible de la fosa posterior para predecir anomalías cromosómicas y patología del sistema nervioso central durante el primer trimestre del embarazo. Métodos: 54 volúmenes 3D fueron adquiridos en gestantes a las que se realizaba la ecografia del 1ºT (11- 13+6 semanas). 20 volúmenes con ecoestructura de la fosa posterior valorada como anormal fueron analizados retrospectivamente e incluidos aleatoriamente en el grupo de estudio. Dos ecografistas experimentados, que desconocían los resultados clínicos finales, analizaron todos los volúmenes. Mediante la navegación multiplanar evaluaron el plexo coroideo del cuarto ventrículo en el plano axial y en el sagital medio. El plexo coroideo se clasificó como presente o ausente si la estructura ecogénica que existe entre el cuarto ventrículo y la cisterna magna era visible o no en ambos planos. Resultados: el plexo coroideo del cuarto ventrículo se clasificó como presente en 53 casos y como ausente en 21 con acuerdo completo entre los observadores en los planos sagitales y coronales, salvo en 1. De los 21 fetos que tenían ausencia del plexo coroideo, en 9 había una anomalía del sistema nervioso central (6 espinas bífidas, 1 encefalocele, 1 megacisterna magna, 1 malformación de Dandy-Walker) y/o alteraciones cromosómicas en 15 casos (5 triploidías, 3 trisomías 13, 6 trisomías 18, 1 45X0). Hubo un falso positivo, con el plexo coroideo clasificado como ausente en un feto normal. Conclusiones: la evaluación cualitativa del plexo coroideo del cuarto ventrículo es sencilla y reproducible pudiendo facilitar la detección de aneuploidías y de algunas anomalías del sistema nervioso central


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodos , Disrafismo Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de Dandy-Walker/diagnóstico por imagem , Plexo Corióideo/anormalidades , Aneuploidia , Imageamento Tridimensional/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição da Translucência Nucal/métodos , Cisterna Magna/diagnóstico por imagem , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico por imagem
9.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(3): 105-111, 1 ago., 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-165553

RESUMO

Introducción. La epilepsia es el trastorno neurológico con mayor ocurrencia en el mundo. El estudio de las lesiones estructurales cerebrales es importante para comprender las complicaciones secundarias. En Honduras existe poca información sobre este tema. Objetivo. Determinar las características y proporción de las lesiones estructurales cerebrales en los pacientes pediátricos con epilepsia focal del Hospital Escuela Universitario. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo-prospectivo. La población de estudio fue de 162 pacientes pediátricos con epilepsia focal, atendidos en la consulta externa de neurología pediátrica entre enero de 2015 y junio de 2016. Al aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, el universo de estudio se constituyó en 102 pacientes con epilepsia focal. Resultados. El 41% de los pacientes con epilepsia focal presentó lesión estructural. Las principales ubicaciones de las lesiones estructurales fueron el lóbulo parietal (12,8%), el lóbulo occipital (10,8%) y el lóbulo frontal (10,8%). Se encontró asociación entre la presencia de lesiones estructurales cerebrales y la presencia de crisis convulsivas no controladas, con significación estadística. Se realizó el cálculo de riesgo atribuible y se encontró que en los pacientes con crisis convulsivas no controladas, el 67% tenía lesión estructural en el estudio de imagen. Conclusiones. La presencia de crisis convulsivas no controladas se asocia a la presencia de lesiones estructurales en el estudio de imagen, con un riesgo atribuible alto. La leucomalacia y la isquemia cerebral fueron los principales hallazgos comunicados. Las lesiones estructurales predominantes en los pacientes pediátricos con epilepsia focal de la población estudiada son las relacionadas con eventos durante el periparto


Introduction. Epilepsy is the most commonly occurring neurological disorder in the world. The study of structural brain lesions is important to understand the secondary complications. In Honduras there is little information on this topic. Aim. To determine the characteristics and proportion of structural brain lesions in paediatric patients with focal epilepsy at the Hospital Escuela Universitario. Patients and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective-prospective study. The study population consisted of 162 paediatric patients with focal epilepsy who were treated in the paediatric neurology outpatient department between January 2015 and June 2016. On applying the eligibility and exclusion criteria, the universe of study comprised 102 patients with focal epilepsy. Results. 41% of the patients with focal epilepsy presented a structural lesion. The main locations of the structural lesions were the parietal lobe (12.8%), the occipital lobe (10.8%) and the frontal lobe (10.8%). An association was found between the presence of structural brain lesions and the presence of uncontrolled seizures, with statistical significance. The attributable risk was calculated and it was found that among patients with uncontrolled seizures, 67% had a structural lesion in the imaging study. Conclusions. The presence of uncontrolled seizures is associated to the presence of structural lesions in imaging studies, with a high attributable risk. Leukomalacia and cerebral ischaemia were the main findings that were reported. The predominant structural lesions in paediatric patients with focal epilepsy in the population studied are those related to events that take place during the peripartum period (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Epilepsias Parciais/epidemiologia , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/complicações , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Honduras/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Epidemiologia Descritiva
11.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 75(5/6): 67-71, mayo-jun. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-163978

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la electroestimulación orofaríngea sobre la sialorrea en pacientes con malformaciones congénitas del sistema nervioso central (SNC). Material y método: Estudio cuasi-experimental, prospectivo, analítico y longitudinal, en el que se incluyeron 10 pacientes de ambos sexos, de entre 3 y 7 años de edad, con malformaciones congénitas del SNC y sialorrea. Se excluyó a los pacientes con dermatitis, crisis convulsivas no controladas y con aplicación previa de toxina botulínica. Se aplicó electroestimulación orofaríngea, 20 sesiones por paciente, en un periodo promedio de 7,5 meses. Inició y finalizó el estudio el mismo número de pacientes. Se evaluó a los pacientes con tres tipos de escalas: oral motora, frecuencia y severidad de la sialorrea. Los resultados fueron analizados con el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS versión 15, y se aplicó la prueba de Friedman. Resultados: En la escala oral motora se encontró una mejora en los parámetros evaluados (p= 0,001) y en la de severidad de la sialorrea una disminución significativa (p= 0,002), y en la de frecuencia de la sialorrea los cambios observados también fueron significativos (p= 0,004). Conclusiones: La electroestimulación orofaríngea es una herramienta alternativa, útil para disminuir la frecuencia y la severidad de la sialorrea en los pacientes con malformaciones congénitas del SNC (AU)


Objective: To evaluate the effects of the oropharyngeal electro-stimulation about the sialorrhea in patients with birth malformations of the nervous central system. Material and method: Almost experimental study, prospective, analytic and longitudinal, it is included 10 patients both sexs, between 3 and 7 years old with birth malformations of the nervous central system and sialorrhea; it is excluded to the patients with dermatitis, uncontrolled seizures and those that previously they had application of botulinum toxin. It applied oropharyngeal electro-stimulation, 20 sessions by patient, in an average period of 7.5 months. The same number of patients that who began, they completed the study. It was evaluated with three types of scale, the motor oral, of the frequency and the severity of the sialorrhea, the results were analyzed with the statistical package IBM SPSS version 15, it applied the Friedman test. Results: In the oral motor scale, it was found an improvement in the evaluated parameters with a significance (p= 0.001), in the severity of the sialorrhea it presented a significant decrease (p= 0.002), and in the frequency of the sialorrhea the change observed it was also significant (p= 0.004). Conclusions: Electro-stimulation is an alternative, useful tool to the decrease of the frequency and severity of the sialorrhea in the patients with birth malformations of nervous central system (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Orofaringe , Sialorreia/terapia , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/reabilitação , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 29(1): 35-42, feb. 2017. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-160207

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: While the ethio-pathogenesis of Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD) remains unknown, there is increased evidence of widespread structural alterations in both white and gray matter in OCD patients that include, but are not restricted, to abnormalities in corticostriatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) regions. The objective of this study was to test the existence of structural alterations in both white and gray matter in a sample of OCD patients when compared with a group of non-clinical matched controls (NCC), using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHOD: Fifteen patients with OCD and 15 NCC underwent MRI structural scanning. RESULTS: Frontal (increased gray matter in the middle frontal gyrus) and subcortical regions (increased white matter in the pallidum) were found to be affected in patients. Additionally, temporalparietal regions were also found to be affected and highly correlated with OCD symptom severity (decrease of gray matter in the superior parietal lobe and white matter in the angular and superior temporal gyri). CONCLUSIONS: These alterations may be associated with prominent OCD symptoms, such as diffi culties with inhibitory control (pallidum, angular gyrus), executive functioning (middle frontal gyris), compulsive checking (superior temporal gyrus) and visual-spatial defi cits (superior parietal lobe)


ANTECEDENTES: mientras que la etiopatogenia del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) sigue siendo desconocida, hay una mayor evidencia en las personas que sufren este trastorno de alteraciones estructurales que incluyen, pero no se limitan, a anormalidades en regiones cortico-estriado-tálamo-corticales (CSTC). El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar la existencia de alteraciones estructurales tanto en la materia blanca como en la materia gris en una muestra de pacientes con TOC en comparación con un grupo de controles no clínicos (NCC), utilizándose para ello análisis morfométricos basados en «voxel» (VBM). MÉTODO: quince pacientes con TOC y quince NCC fueron estudiados mediante resonancia magnética estructural. RESULTADOS: se encontraron alteraciones en los pacientes en regiones frontales (aumento de la materia gris en la circunvolución frontal media) y subcorticales (aumento de la materia blanca en el pallidum). Además, también se encontraron afectadas regiones témporo-parietales con una alta correlación con la gravedad de los síntomas del TOC (disminución de la materia gris en el lóbulo parietal superior y de la materia blanca en las circunvoluciones temporales angular y superior). CONCLUSIONES: las alteraciones encontradas pueden estar asociados con síntomas predominantes en el TOC, como dificultades en el control inhibitorio (pallidum, giro angular), función ejecutiva (circunvolución frontal media), verificaciones compulsivas (circunvolución temporal superior) y déficit visual-espacial (lóbulo parietal superior)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/fisiopatologia , Substância Cinzenta/anormalidades , Substância Branca/anormalidades , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Neuroimagem
14.
Eur. j. anat ; 20(4): 365-369, oct. 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-157770

RESUMO

The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve is a sensitive nerve that rises from S1-S3, usually giving off cutaneous branches for the gluteal region, perineum, the posterior region of the thigh and leg. The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the human body, rising from L4-S3, and divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves, innervating the muscles from the posterior compartment of the thigh. Anastomosis between the sciatic nerve and the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve is rare. During dissection of the right gluteal region on a male cadaver fixed with 10% formalin, we observed an anastomosis between both nerves, while the common fibular nerve perforated the piriformis muscle, dividing it in two muscle slips. Both nerves trajectories were within the regular pattern after this communication. Our aims were to describe this unusual case of anastomosis and perform a literature review on the variations of the sciatic nerve, while also discussing their clinical significance


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Nervo Isquiático/anormalidades , Nervo Femoral/anormalidades , Nervo Fibular/anormalidades , Variação Anatômica , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Músculo Piriforme/diagnóstico
15.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 63(5): 193-200, 1 sept., 2016. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-155640

RESUMO

Introducción. Se define siringomielia como una cavidad que contiene líquido cefalorraquídeo dispuesta en el interior de la médula espinal. Objetivo. Describir las características clínicas de una serie de pacientes con siringomielia, su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado mediante la revisión de historias clínicas en nuestro centro. Resultados. Se revisaron 25 pacientes diagnosticados de siringomielia. En cinco el diagnóstico fue casual y ocho presentaban una patología grave previa (tumoral, ósea o vascular). Dos pacientes comenzaron con hidrocefalia y clínica de hipertensión intracraneal y únicamente dos destacaban cefalea como único síntoma. Cuatro presentaron escoliosis progresiva, dos de ellos como queja inicial, y precisaron cirugía con artrodesis y uso de corsé, respectivamente. Destaca la precocidad del diagnóstico. La mayoría presentaba únicamente pérdida de fuerza leve, con potenciales somatosensoriales y electromiograma normales. En todos se hicieron controles con resonancia magnética. Ocho pacientes precisaron craniectomía descompresiva con laminectomía posterior C1-C2, con drenaje de la cavidad siringomiélica en cuatro. Nueve requirieron válvula de derivación y dos precisaron, además, ventriculostomía. Conclusiones. La presencia de siringomielia en pediatría es rara, y se asocia generalmente a malformaciones en la fosa posterior y antecedentes de disrafismo espinal. Destaca la escoliosis progresiva como posible manifestación aislada. Un abordaje multidisciplinar con controles radiológicos seriados y la valoración por servicios de neurología y neurocirugía pediátricos son mandatorios para su seguimiento (AU)


Introduction. Syringomyelia is defined as a cavity containing cerebrospinal fluid inside the spinal cord. Aim. To describe the clinical characteristics of a series of patients with syringomyelia, as well as its diagnosis and treatment. Patients and methods. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study by reviewing the medical records at our centre. Results. We reviewed 25 patients diagnosed with syringomyelia. In five cases, the diagnosis was reached casually, and eight of them presented a previous severe pathology (tumour, bone or vascular). Two patients began with hydrocephalus and clinical signs and symptoms of intracranial hypertension and just two of them reported headaches as the only symptom. Four presented progressive scoliosis, two of them as the initial complaint, and required surgery with arthrodesis and the use of a corset, respectively. A notable feature was the earliness of the diagnosis. Most of them only presented a slight loss of strength, with normal somatosensory potentials and electromyogram. Check-ups were carried out with magnetic resonance. Eight patients required a decompressive craniectomy with posterior C1-C2 laminectomy, with drainage of the syringomyelic cavity in four cases. Nine of them required a bypass valve and a ventriculostomy also had to be performed in two of them. Conclusions. The presence of syringomyelia is rare in paediatric patients, and is generally associated with malformations in the posterior fossa and a medical history of spinal dysrhaphism. Progressive scoliosis stands out as a possible isolated manifestation. A multidisciplinary approach with regular radiological check-ups and evaluation by paediatric neurology and neurosurgery services are mandatory for its follow-up (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Siringomielia/epidemiologia , Malformação de Arnold-Chiari/epidemiologia , Disrafismo Espinal/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Escoliose/epidemiologia , Meningomielocele/epidemiologia , Craniossinostoses/epidemiologia , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia
16.
Eur. j. anat ; 19(4): 391-395, oct. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-145669

RESUMO

Multiple nerve variations were observed in the right gluteal region of a 62 year old female which includes origin, course and branching pattern of the sciatic and pudendal nerves. The sciatic nerve was formed by the L4, L5, S1 and S2 in the pelvis, whereas the pudendal nerve was contributed by the S3, S4 and S5. The pudendal was divided into medial and lateral divisions in the gluteal region. The lateral division had joined the sciatic nerve. High division of the pudendal nerve was observed and all its branches originated from the medial division of the pudendal nerve. The inferior rectal nerve passed through the sacrospinous ligament and formed a loop around the ischial spine. The dorsal nerve of the clitoris passed between the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments. Since iatrogenic injuries to these nerves may occur during surgery, a thorough knowledge of the variation anatomy of the sciatic and pudendal nerves can help to reduce post-operative complications. Moreover, variation anatomy knowledge might guide the radiologist, surgeons and other health professionals to diagnose and treat various neuralgia related to the perineum and gluteal region


No disponible


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nervo Pudendo/anormalidades , Nervo Isquiático/anormalidades , Nádegas/anatomia & histologia , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Clitóris/inervação , Ligamentos/anatomia & histologia , Cadáver , Dissecação/métodos
17.
Eur. j. psychiatry ; 29(3): 215-222, jul.-sept. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-143965

RESUMO

Background and Objectives: Previously we reported in layer 3 of the inferior parietal lobule a reduction in the numerical density of oligodendrocytes (Nv Ol), oligodendrocyte clusters (Nv OlC) in BA 39, and in the number of perineuronal oligodendrocytes(N PnOl) in BA 39/40 areas in schizophrenia. These changes were associatedwith lack of insight. We hypothesized that similar abnormalities might occur in layer 5 inBA 39/40, and they might be associated with lack of insight. Methods: We estimated the Nv Ol, the Nv OlC by optical disector method and the NPnOl in layer 5 in BA 39/40 in Nissl stained sections from 24 males with schizophrenia and 24 normal male controls from the Stanley Parietal Collection. The schizophrenia group was divided into three subgroups based on level of insight: poor, fair or good. Results: We found a significant deficit in the parameters measured in BA 39 in the schizophrenia group and in the subgroup of subjects having poor insight as compared to the control group. In BA 40 the Nv Ol and the Nv OlC were significantly lower in the schizophrenia group compared to controls, and the N PnOl was not changed. Each insight subgroup showed a decreased the Nv Ol and the Nv OlC compared to controls. There were no subgroup differences in BA 39/40. Conclusions: Schizophrenia is characterized by the reduction in the Nv Ol and the NvOlC in layer 5 of BA 39/40. Oligodendrocyte abnormalities in BA 39 are associated with poor insight in schizophrenia (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Oligodendroglia/ultraestrutura , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Lobo Parietal/anormalidades , Fatores de Risco , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/complicações , Cadáver
18.
Neurocir. - Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir ; 26(3): 137-142, mayo-jun. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-139187

RESUMO

Existe en la actualidad todavía mucha controversia en cuanto al origen de los quistes aracnoideos. En el caso de los quistes aracnoideos congénitos, la teoría más aceptada es aquella que explica cómo se forman a partir del desarrollo anómalo de la membrana aracnoidea, la cual se desdobla facilitando la acumulación de líquido cefalorraquídeo en su interior, dando lugar a un quiste. Esta teoría parece explicar el origen de los quistes aracnoideos de convexidad y silvianos, mientras que aquellos en otras localizaciones podrían ser debidos a otras causas. En el estudio anatomopatológico se aprecia que la pared de los quistes aracnoideos difiere poco de la membrana aracnoidea normal, pudiendo estar engrosada debido a un aumento de depósito de material colágeno. Exponemos el desarrollo embriológico normal de la aracnoides, las alteraciones que se producen en dicho desarrollo y que condicionan la formación de los quistes aracnoideos describiendo sus hallazgos anatomopatológicos más característicos


There is still great controversy surrounding the origin of the arachnoid cyst. The most accepted theory in the case of congenital cysts explains how they are formed from an anomalous development of the arachnoid membrane, which is unfolded allowing the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid inside and creating a cyst. This theory seems to explain the origin of convexity and sylvian cistern arachnoid cysts, whereas those in other locations might be due to other mechanisms. In the anatomopathological analysis, the arachnoid cyst wall can be seen as having few differences from normal, although thickened due to an increase quantity of collagenous material


Assuntos
Humanos , Cistos Aracnóideos/embriologia , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/cirurgia , Espaço Subaracnóideo/anormalidades , Cistos Aracnóideos/cirurgia , Espaço Subaracnóideo/cirurgia , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/citologia
19.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 57(supl.1): s37-s45, 6 sept., 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-149004

RESUMO

Las malformaciones congénitas del sistema nervioso central se relacionan con alteraciones en la formación del tubo neural, en las que se incluyen la mayoría de las entidades de tratamiento neuroquirúrgico, disrafismos y craneosinostosis, alteraciones de la proliferación neuronal, microcefalias y megalencefalias, anomalías de la migración neuronal, lisencefalia, paquigiria, esquisencefalia, agenesia del cuerpo calloso, heterotopías y displasias corticales, malformaciones raquimedulares y disrafias medulares. En el presente trabajo se clasifican las diferentes malformaciones del sistema nervioso central susceptibles de corregirse mediante cirugía en el menor tiempo posible y se exponen los mecanismos de génesis de estas lesiones cada vez mejor estudiadas desde las áreas neurogenética y neuroembriológica. Esto involucra la posible conexión de áreas de conocimiento novedosas, como los mecanismos de alteración de la inducción dorsal (cierre del tubo neural) y ventral (telencefalización) con los mecanismos actuales de corrección, y también las anomalías de la proliferación y diferenciación celular de la migración neuronal y, finalmente, el complejo de malformaciones que afectan la fosa posterior y las posibilidades actuales de corrección de éstas (AU)


Congenital malformations of the central nervous system are related to alterations in neural tube formation, including most of the neurosurgical management entities, dysraphism and craniosynostosis; alterations of neuronal proliferation; megalencefaly and microcephaly; abnormal neuronal migration, lissencephaly, pachygyria, schizencephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, heterotopia and cortical dysplasia, spinal malformations and spinal dysraphism. We expose the classification of different central nervous system malformations that can be corrected by surgery in the shortest possible time and involving genesis mechanisms of these injuries getting better studied from neurogenic and neuroembryological fields, this involves connecting innovative knowledge areas where alteration mechanisms in dorsal induction (neural tube) and ventral induction (telencephalization) with the current way of correction, as well as the anomalies of cell proliferation and differentiation of neuronal migration and finally the complex malformations affecting the posterior fossa and current possibilities of correcting them (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Sistema Nervoso Central/anormalidades , Sistema Nervoso Central/cirurgia , Sistema Nervoso Central/embriologia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/classificação , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/cirurgia , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/embriologia , Síndrome de Dandy-Walker/cirurgia , Doenças Cerebelares/cirurgia , Síndrome de Budd-Chiari/cirurgia , Hidrocefalia , Crânio/cirurgia , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem da Célula , Movimento Celular , Retina/anormalidades , Retina/cirurgia , Morfogênese , Cerebelo/anormalidades , Anormalidades Múltiplas , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal , Doenças Renais Císticas/cirurgia , Anormalidades do Olho/cirurgia
20.
An. R. Acad. Farm ; 79(2): 229-240, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-114192

RESUMO

Este trabajo de revisión realiza, antes que nada, una presentación de la Neurocirugía, como especialidad quirúrgica. Se exponen las principales patologías relacionadas con la misma, tanto craneoencefálicas (traumatismos, tumores, hidrocefalias y patología vascular, principalmente) como raquimedulares (patología degenerativa, traumatismos y tumores). Además, se hace referencia a las malformaciones neuroquirúrgicas del Sistema Nervioso Central y a la Neurocirugía funcional. Finalmente, se añaden algunas consideraciones en lo referente a la patología neuroquirúrgica del Sistema Nervioso Periférico y Autónomo (AU)


This review article carries out, first and foremost, a presentation of the Neurosurgery, as surgical speciality. The main pathologies related to the Neurosurgery are exposed, both cranium-brain (injuries, tumours, hydrocephalus and vascular disease, mainly) and spine-spinal cord (degenerative disease, injuries and tumours). Moreover, this paper alludes to the neurosurgical malformations in the Central Nervous System and to the functional Neurosurgery. Finally, some considerations regarding the neurosurgical pathology of the Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System are included (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Sistema Nervoso Central , Sistema Nervoso Central/cirurgia , Neurocirurgia/métodos , Doenças Vasculares/complicações , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/métodos , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/complicações , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/cirurgia , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/complicações , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/cirurgia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/efeitos adversos , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/complicações , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/cirurgia , Hidrocefalia/complicações , Encefalopatias Metabólicas/complicações , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/complicações , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade
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