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1.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-209796

RESUMO

Background: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of predisposing factors and oral manifestations in SARS-CoV-2infection.Material and Methods: 204 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were included in the study. Questions regarding thesystemic, periodontal health, oral hygiene habits, common symptoms and, oral manifestations of COVID-19 suchas oral lesions, and dry mouth were included in the survey. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used.Results: 47.5% of individuals had various systemic diseases. Dry mouth (44.2%) and oral lesions (22.4%) werethe most common oral manifestations in COVID-19 patients. Also, dry mouth had the highest VAS score. Themost common oral lesion locations were buccal mucosa (15.2%) and tongue (10.8%). The majority of participants(142 patients) were affected by taste disorders. Patients who received periodontal treatment before SARS-CoV-2infection reported fewer oral complaint and manifestations than those who did not receive periodontal therapy(p=0.032). There was no statistically significant difference between males and females on the presence of any oralmanifestations, and taste disorders.Conclusions: Our results showed that SARS-CoV-2 could cause oral manifestations. However various predisposing factors may be part of the etiology and promote oral findings. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Mucosa Bucal , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Distúrbios do Paladar/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/etiologia , Xerostomia
2.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 26(5): e568-e575, Sept. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-224599

RESUMO

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) on the oralcavity by evaluating the oral findings in the patients who recovered after treatment.Material and Methods: This study involved confirmed Covid-19 patients whose treatment completed at least twoweeks ago. A questionnaire consist of eight parts was applied to explore the oral findings after Covid-19. Alsostimulated salivary flow rate was evaluated with a salivary flow test.Results: 177 patients reached and 107 of them participate in the study. Regarding gender significant differenceswere found in terms of the presence of taste impairment after treatment (p=0.007), the degree of taste (p=0.021)and smell (p=0.010) impairment. 18 % (5/27) of the patients evaluated were showed hyposalivation. No significantdifferences were observed regarding salivary flow between males (mean±SD: 1.14±0.65) and females (mean±SD:1.12±0.43), (p=0.928); among the patients having treatment at home (mean±SD: 1.03±0.48) or hospital (mean±SD:1.33±0.65), (p=0.187). In some of the patients’ taste [15], smell [23] impairment, and xerostomia [43] still observedat least two weeks after the treatment is completed.Conclusions: The most frequent finding in patients after the treatment was xerostomia. Taste and smell impair-ments were more frequently observed in females.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Paladar , Ageusia , Transtornos do Olfato , Paladar , Olfato , Xerostomia/diagnóstico , Xerostomia/etiologia , Saúde Bucal , Medicina Bucal
3.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 156(12): 595-601, junio 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-214080

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo: La disfunción olfatoria (DO) y gustativa (DG) han demostrado ser síntomas de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Sin embargo, su presencia en determinadas poblaciones, sobre todo en aquellas con cuadros clínicos leves, aún debe aclararse. El objetivo fue estimar la frecuencia de DO y DG, y su validez predictiva en pacientes detectados en Atención Primaria.Pacientes y métodosSe realizó un estudio transversal en el Sistema Nacional de Salud español. Se administró una encuesta epidemiológica dirigida a pacientes a los que se les solicitó la prueba PCR para SARS-CoV-2. Se estimaron las odds ratio (OR) para medir la magnitud de la asociación entre la DO y DG y la existencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Se calculó la sensibilidad, la especificidad y los valores predictivos positivos (VPP) y negativos (VPN) de estos síntomas en la infección por SARS-CoV-2.ResultadosSe captaron 1.038 pacientes, de los cuales el 20,1% presentaban infección por SARS-CoV-2. Las DO y DG estuvieron presentes en el 64,4% (IC 95% 56,0-72,1) y el 56,2% (IC 95% 47,9-64,2) de los sujetos con infección, respectivamente. La OR para la DO fue de 12,2 (IC 95% 8,26-18,06) y para la DG de 7,95 (IC 95% 5,48-11.53). La DG presentó una sensibilidad del 41,1% (IC 95% 34,4-46,1), una especificidad del 91,9% (IC 95% 89,8-93,7), un VPP del 56,2% (IC 95% 48,0-64,2) y un VPN de 86,1% (IC 95% 83,6-88,3), mientras que la DO mostró una sensibilidad del 45,0% (IC 95% 37,6-51,5), una especificidad del 93,7% (IC 95% 91,8-95,0), un VPP del 64,4% (IC 95% 56,0-72,1) y un VPN del 87,1% (IC 95% 84,7-89,2).ConclusionesMás de la mitad de los sujetos con infección por SARS-CoV-2 presentan DO o DG. La presencia de DO o de DG podría ser de utilidad diagnostica por su capacidad para predecir la infección en más de la mitad de las ocasiones. (AU)


Background and objective: Olfactory and taste dysfunction (OD, TD) have been considered symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, its presence in certain populations, especially those with mild clinical symptoms, has not been clarified. The objective was to estimate the frequency of OD and TD, and its predictive validity in patients detected in Primary Care.Patients and methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in the Spanish National Health System. An epidemiological survey was administered to patients who were requested the PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Odds ratio (OR) were estimated to measure the magnitude of the association between OD and TD and the existence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of these symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection were calculated.ResultsOf 1,038 patients screened, 20.1% had SARS-CoV-2 infection. OD and DG were present in 64.4% (95% CI 56.0-72.1) and 56.2% (95% CI 47.9-64.2) of the subjects with infection, respectively. The OR for OD was 12.2 (95% CI 8.26-18.06) and for TD was 7.95 (95% CI 5.48-11.53). TD presented a sensitivity of 41.1% (95% CI 34.4-46.1), a specificity of 91.9% (95% CI 89.8-93.7), a PPV of 56.2% (95% CI48.0-64.2) and a NPV of 86.1% (95% CI 83.6-88.3), while the OD showed a sensitivity of 45.0% (95% CI 37.6-51.5), a specificity of 93.7% (95% CI 91.8-95.0), a PPV of 64.4% (95% CI 56.0-72.1) and a NPV of 87.1% (95% CI 84.7-89.2).ConclusionsMore than half of the subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection have OD or TD. The presence of OD or TD could be of diagnostic utility due to its ability to predict infection in more than half of the cases. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Distúrbios do Paladar , Estudos Transversais
4.
J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol ; 31(2): 151-161, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-215187

RESUMO

Background: Since the early stages of the novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, smell and/or taste dysfunction (STD) has beenreported in 5% to 88% of COVID-19 patients.Objective: We aimed to assess STD in health care professionals (HCPs), mainly allergists, affected by COVID-19. We carried out a survey toevaluate the association between STD and its severity and demographic characteristics, symptoms, comorbidities, and hospital admission.Methods: We designed a 15-item questionnaire comprising various sections, as follows: demographics, diagnostic characteristics, STDpatterns, medication use, and comorbidities. The questionnaire was developed using Google forms. It was distributed to members of theSpanish Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (SEAIC) and sent via social media to be completed by HCPs with COVID-19.Results: The survey was completed by HCPs (n=234), of whom 76.5% were aged ≤55 years and 73.5% were female. STD was detected in74.4% of respondents, of whom 95.6% reported moderate-severe impairment. Mean time until recovery of taste dysfunction was 21.6 (24.0)days in HCPs aged ≤55 years and 33.61±26.2 days in those aged >55 years (P=.019). Analysis stratified by severity of STD showed thatmore than a half of COVID-19 patients presented severe loss of smell. Older age (>55 years) was associated with fever, anorexia, lowerfrequency of headache, and longer persistence of taste dysfunction.Conclusion: STD is a common symptom in COVID-19, even as a unique or preceding symptom. HCPs who reported smell dysfunctionwere younger than those not affected with STD. Taste dysfunction may imply more systemic involvement in COVID-19–positive HCPs. (AU)


Antecedentes: Desde el inicio de la pandemia por el nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), la afectación del sentido del olfato y del gusto seha descrito entre el 5% y 88% de la población afecta por COVID-19.Objetivo: Evaluar la alteración del gusto y del olfato en profesionales sanitarios afectos por COVID-19, en relación a parámetros degravedad, características demográficas, síntomas, comorbilidades e ingreso hospitalario.Métodos: Se diseñó un cuestionario de 15 elementos, con las siguientes secciones: demografía, características diagnósticas, patronesde alteración de olfato y del gusto, uso de medicación y efectos adversos asociados y comorbilidades. Dicho cuestionario fue difundidopor las redes sociales de la Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica, dirigido específicamente a profesionales sanitarios.Resultados: 234 profesionales completaron la encuesta (73,5% mujeres). El 76,5% de los encuestados era ≤55 años. Hubo afectacióndel olfato y/o gusto en el 74,4% de los encuestados. La persistencia media de alteración del gusto fue 21,6± 24,0 días en ≤55 años yde 33,6±26,2 días en >55 años (p=0,019). Ser mayor de 55 años se asociaba estadísticamente con fiebre, anorexia, menos cefalea ymayor persistencia de afectación del gusto.Conclusión: Los profesionales sanitarios que declararon haber padecido SD eran más jóvenes que los que no presentaron STD. La afectacióndel olfato y/o del gusto es un síntoma común entre los profesionales sanitarios con COVID-19 y puede ser patente en fases iniciales ocomo único síntoma en pacientes ≤55 años. La afectación del gusto puede implicar más síntomas sistémicos. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Pandemias , Transtornos do Olfato/virologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/virologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Olfato/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 35(9): 633-638, nov.-dic. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192757

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad por coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) se ha expandido con gran rapidez en todo el mundo. Las alteraciones del olfato o gusto han emergido como un síntoma muy frecuente a medida que la enfermedad se propagó en Europa. Uno de los países con mayor número de contagios en este continente ha sido España. OBJETIVO: Investigar la evolución clínica de los trastornos del olfato y el gusto en la enfermedad leve por COVID-19 en pacientes españoles. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal a través de encuesta on-line, en pacientes que presentaron afección súbita del olfato o el gusto, durante los 2 meses de confinamiento total por COVID-19 en España. RESULTADOS: El 91,18% de los sujetos con afectación del olfato o el gusto, que tuvieron acceso a la realización de PCR, fueron positivos para COVID-19. El 6,5% presentó anosmia y ageusia de forma aislada. El 93,5% manifestó otros síntomas leves asociados: cefalea (51,6%), tos (51,6%), mialgias (45,2%), astenia (38,7%), congestión nasal o rinorrea (35,5%), fiebre (41,9%), febrícula (29,0%), odinofagia (25,8%) y diarrea (6,5%). La duración media de la anosmia fue de 8,33 días, posteriormente los pacientes manifestaron hiposmia, con resolución completa en 17,79 días de media. En el 22,6% de los pacientes el déficit olfatorio persistió. Todos los sujetos recuperaron el sentido del gusto. CONCLUSIONES: Los trastornos olfativos y gustativos son síntomas prevalentes en la infección leve por COVID-19. Gran parte de los pacientes no presentan congestión nasal o rinorrea asociada y un grupo reducido de pacientes los presentan de forma aislada


INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly throughout the world. Smell and/or taste disorders have emerged as a very frequent symptom as the disease has spread in Europe. Spain is one of the European countries with the highest number of infections. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the clinical progression of smell and taste disorders in Spanish patients with mild COVID-19. METHODS: An online survey was used to conduct a cross-sectional study of patients who presented sudden smell and/or taste disorders during the 2 months of total lockdown due to COVID-19 in Spain. RESULTS: In our sample, 91.18% of respondents with impaired smell and/or taste and who were able to undergo PCR testing were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anosmia and ageusia presented in isolation in 6.5% of participants. The remaining 93.5% presented other mild symptoms: headache (51.6%), cough (51.6%), myalgia (45.2%), asthaenia (38.7%), nasal congestion or rhinorrhoea (35.5%), fever (41.9%), low-grade fever (29.0%), odynophagia (25.8%), or diarrhoea (6.5%). The mean duration of anosmia was 8.33 days, with patients subsequently manifesting hyposmia; complete resolution occurred after a mean of 17.79 days. In 22.6% of respondents, olfactory deficits persisted. All participants recovered their sense of taste. CONCLUSIONS: Olfactory and gustatory disorders are prevalent symptoms in mild COVID-19. Most patients do not present associated nasal congestion or rhinorrhoea and a small group of patients present these alterations in isolation


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Transtornos do Olfato/virologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/virologia , Transtornos do Olfato/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais , Ageusia/virologia , Disgeusia/virologia , Ageusia/epidemiologia , Disgeusia/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Prevalência
8.
J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol ; 30(5): 317-326, 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-194302

RESUMO

The first cases of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China, and the disease rapidly become a public health emergency of international proportions. COVID-19 can cause mild-to-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include fever, dry cough, fatigue, sputum production, shortness of breath, sore throat, and headache. We performed this narrative review to analyze the current literature on postviral olfactory dysfunction related to the SARSCoV- 2 pandemic. Since the initial anecdotal reports from China, increasingly frequent international reports on COVID-19 indicate that 5% to 85% of affected patients lose their sense of smell, thus highlighting the very heterogeneous nature of the literature in this area. Therefore, we advise home isolation measures and/or social distancing, as well as tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 when possible, in patients with sudden and severe loss of smell who cannot be promptly evaluated


Los primeros casos de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ocurrieron en Wuhan, China, y se propagaron rápidamente para convertirse en una emergencia de salud pública y de preocupación internacional. La enfermedad puede manifestarse desde una forma leve a un síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS) y es causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Las manifestaciones clínicas de COVID-19 incluyen fiebre, tos seca, fatiga, expectoración, dificultad respiratoria, odinofagia y cefalea. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar la literatura actual sobre la disfunción olfatoria (DO) posviral en lo que respecta a la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2. Se han publicado un creciente número de estudios a nivel mundial desde los casos anecdóticos iniciales en China, en los que se ha demostrado una prevalencia variable de pérdida de olfato en pacientes COVID-19 que va desde un 5 a un 85%. Hasta la fecha, la literatura es ampliamente heterogénea respecto a la pérdida de olfato, por lo que podemos advertir y recomendar a aquellos pacientes con pérdida del olfato súbita y grave que no puedan ser evaluados rápidamente, seguir medidas de aislamiento domiciliario y/o distanciamiento interpersonal, así como realizar pruebas de diagnóstico para el SARS-CoV-2 cuando sea posible


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Transtornos do Olfato/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/epidemiologia , Ageusia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/complicações , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Transtornos do Olfato/diagnóstico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico
9.
J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol ; 30(5): 346-357, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-194303

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Since the initial anecdotal reports of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from China, a growing number of studies have reported on smell and/or taste dysfunction (STD). OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency and severity of STD in COVID-19 patients and to evaluate the association with demographic characteristics, hospital admission, symptoms, comorbidities, and blood biomarkers. METHODS: We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study on patients who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n=846) and controls (n=143) from 15 Spanish hospitals. Data on STD were collected prospectively using an in-person survey. The severity of STD was categorized using a visual analog scale. We analyzed time to onset, recovery rate, time to recovery, hospital admission, pneumonia, comorbidities, smoking, and symptoms. RESULTS: STD was at least 2-fold more common in COVID-19-positive patients than in controls. COVID-19-positive hospitalized patients were older, with a lower frequency of STD, and recovered earlier than outpatients. Analysis stratified by severity of STD showed that more than half of COVID-19 patients presented severe loss of smell (53.7%) or taste (52.2%); both senses were impaired in >90%. In the multivariate analysis, older age (>60 years), being hospitalized, and increased C-reactive protein were associated with a better sense of smell and/or taste. COVID-19-positive patients reported improvement in smell (45.6%) and taste (46.1%) at the time of the survey; in 90.6% this was within 2 weeks of infection. CONCLUSION: STD is a common symptom in COVID-19 and presents mainly in young and nonhospitalized patients. More studies are needed to evaluate follow-up of chemosensory impairment


INTRODUCCIÓN: Desde los informes anecdóticos iniciales de China sobre la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), ha habido un número creciente de estudios que describen disfunción del olfato y/o del gusto (DOG). OBJETIVO: El objetivo fue investigar la frecuencia y la gravedad de la DOG en pacientes con COVID-19 y evaluar su asociación con características demográficas, ingreso hospitalario, síntomas, comorbilidades y biomarcadores sanguíneos. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal multicéntrico en pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 positivo (n=846) y controles (n=143) de 15 hospitales españoles. Los datos de DOG fueron recopilados de manera prospectiva con una encuesta realizada en persona. La gravedad de la DOG se clasificó por escala visual analógica. Se analizaron el tiempo de aparición de DOG, tasa de recuperación, tiempo de recuperación, ingreso hospitalario, diagnóstico de neumonía, comorbilidades, tabaquismo y síntomas. RESULTADOS: La DOG fue al menos 2 veces más común en pacientes COVID-19 en comparación con los controles. Los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 eran mayores, presentaban una menor frecuencia de DOG y se recuperaron antes que los pacientes ambulatorios. El análisis estratificado por gravedad de la DOG mostró que más de la mitad de los sujetos con COVID-19 presentaron pérdida severa del olfato (53,7%) o del gusto (52,2%), en> 90% este deterioro fue de ambos sentidos. En el análisis multivariante, una edad mayor (>60 años), ser hospitalizado y un mayor nivel de proteína C reactiva fueron factores asociados con un mejor sentido del olfato y/o sabor. Los pacientes positivos para COVID-19 informaron una mejoría del olfato (45,6%) y del gusto (46,1%) en el momento de la encuesta, de ellos, un 90,6% en menos de dos semanas después de la infección. CONCLUSIÓN: DOG es un síntoma común en COVID-19, y principalmente presente en pacientes jóvenes y no hospitalizados. Se necesitan más estudios para evaluar el seguimiento de la discapacidad quimio-sensorial


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Transtornos do Olfato/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/epidemiologia , Ageusia/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/complicações , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Transtornos do Olfato/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/análise , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
12.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 22(5): e586-e594, sept. 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-166653

RESUMO

Background: Diabetes Mellitus has become a global epidemic and presents many complications, usually proportional to the degree and duration of hyperglycemia. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the different oral manifestations associated with Diabetes Mellitus. Material and Methods: A MEDLINE search for "Diabetes Mellitus and oral manifestations" was performed. A further search was conducted for "diabetes" and its individual oral manifestation. Inclusion criteria were as follows: human clinical studies with a minimum of 30 patients; studies published in relevant scientific journals between January 1998 and January 2016. Nineteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed, assessing the strength of scientific evidence according to recommendations made by the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford (OCEBM), which permits adequate assessment of prevalence studies. Results: A total 3,712 patients (2,084 diabetics) were included in the studies reviewed. Of the 19 studies analyzed, 4 were longitudinal studies and 15 cross-sectional studies. Periodontal disease, periapical lesions, xerostomia and taste disturbance were more prevalent among diabetic patients. An association between diabetes and caries and mucosal lesions proved positive in 5 out of 10 studies. Conclusions: Despite multiple oral manifestations associated with DM, awareness of the associations between diabetes, oral health, and general health is inadequate. It is necessary for doctors and dentists to be aware of the various oral manifestations of diabetes in order to make an early diagnosis (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Complicações do Diabetes/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatologia , Doenças da Boca/complicações , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Doenças Periapicais/epidemiologia , Xerostomia/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/epidemiologia
13.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 144(3): 126-131, feb. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131584

RESUMO

A pesar de que los fármacos son la herramienta terapéutica más potente de la que disponemos para mejorar la calidad de vida de la población, su uso no está exento de efectos adversos. Hoy en día son muchos los pacientes polimedicados, siendo complicado encontrar la causa de los efectos adversos generados por la medicación y aumentando estos de manera exponencial cuando se combinan más de 4 fármacos. Existe un amplio número de fármacos que pueden dar lugar a numerosos efectos adversos en la cavidad bucal. Los más frecuentes son la xerostomía, las alteraciones del gusto, el agrandamiento gingival y las mucositis producidas por el tratamiento oncológico. También se revisan otras alteraciones de las glándulas salivales, las alteraciones de la mucosa oral, las pigmentaciones, la halitosis, la osteonecrosis, las infecciones oportunistas y las diátesis hemorrágicas (AU)


Although drugs are the most powerful therapeutic tools we have for improving the quality of life of the population, their use is not free of adverse effects. Today there are many polymedicated patients, and it is difficult to find the cause of their adverse effects that increase exponentially when more than 4 drugs are combined. There are a large number of drugs that can result in numerous adverse effects in the oral cavity. The most common are xerostomia, altered taste, gingival enlargement and mucositis caused by cancer treatment. We also review other disorders of the salivary glands, oral mucosal changes, pigmentations, halitosis, osteonecrosis, opportunistic infections and bleeding diathesis (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/complicações , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/terapia , Boca , Boca/metabolismo , Boca/fisiopatologia , Estomatite/complicações , Estomatite/diagnóstico , Halitose/complicações , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/metabolismo , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/prevenção & controle , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/fisiopatologia , Xerostomia/induzido quimicamente , Xerostomia/complicações , Distúrbios do Paladar/induzido quimicamente , Glândulas Salivares
14.
Nutr. hosp ; 29(5): 1188-1195, mayo 2014. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-143860

RESUMO

Introduction: It has been found that the olfactorygustatory function is altered in patients with eating disorders, with an impairment affecting the perception of olfactory and gustatory stimuli. Objective: The aim was to explore the subjective reactivity after the exposure and tasting of foods with different gradient of sweetness and different fats textures. In addition, changes in the thought-shape fusion (TSF) cognitive distortion were assessed after tasting those different presentations as well as the correlations between the initial scores on TSF-Questionnaire (TSF-Q) and the different responses after that tasting. Method: A total of 15 healthy controls and 23 outpatients with anorexia nervosa underwent two sessions of tasting (sweets with different gradient of sweetness and fats with different textures) and they filled several questionnaires (pre- and post-tasting) to measure their responses after tasting. Results: Participants showed less "self-control" after tasting sweets. The score on TSF-Q increased significantly after the sweets tasting in the patients group. Patients had the worst response after tasting presentations with more quantity of glucose (less gradient of sweetness) than after tasting those with more amount of sucrose (much more sweetness). With respect to the fats, patients showed the worst reaction after tasting the most unfamiliar texture. Pre fats tasting TSF-Q scores correlated significantly with all responses in the patients group. Discussion: Both psychological and biological (e.g. genetic) factors could be involved in the reactions of patients with anorexia nervosa after tasting sweets and fats (AU)


Introducción: Se ha encontrado que la función olfativagustativa está alterada en pacientes con trastornos de la alimentación, con una alteración que afecta la percepción de los estímulos olfativos y gustativos. Objetivo: El propósito fue explorar la reactividad subjetiva tras la exposición y prueba de alimentos con distintos gradientes de dulzor y diferentes texturas grasas. Además, se evaluaron los cambios en la distorsión cognitiva de la fusión idea-forma (FIF) tras probar diferentes presentaciones así como las correlaciones entre las puntuaciones iniciales del Cuestionario FIF (C-FIF) y las distintas respuestas tras esa prueba. Método: Un total de 15 controles sanos y 23 pacientes ambulatorios con anorexia nerviosa se sometieron a dos sesiones de pruebas (dulces con distintos grados de dulzor y grasas con distintas texturas) y rellenaron varios cuestionarios (pre y post-prueba) para medir sus respuestas tras la prueba. Resultados: Los participantes mostraron menos "autocontrol" tras las pruebas con dulces. La puntuación del CFIF-Q aumentó de forma significativa tras las pruebas con dulces en el grupo de pacientes. Los pacientes tuvieron una peor respuesta tras las pruebas con aquellos alimentos con mayor contenido en glucosa (menor gradiente de dulzor) que tras probar aquellos alimentos con una mayor cantidad de sucrosa (mucho más dulzor). Con respecto a las grasas, los pacientes mostraron una peor reacción tras probar la textura menos familiar. Las puntuaciones del C-FIF preprueba se correlacionaron significativamente con todas las respuestas en el grupo de pacientes. Discusión: Tanto factores psicológicos como biológicos (p. ej., genéticos) podrían estar implicados en las reacciones de los pacientes con anorexia nerviosa tras las pruebas con dulces y grasas (AU)


Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Preferências Alimentares/psicologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/psicologia , Disgeusia/epidemiologia , Gorduras na Dieta , Sacarose na Dieta , Doces/análise , Estudos de Casos e Controles
15.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 10(1): 155-161, jun. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-113533

RESUMO

El tratamiento con quimioterapia puede producir muchos efectos adversos. Aunque no sea un efecto secundario muy estudiado ni al que se le haya prestado mucha atención, uno de los más comunes es la alteración del sentido del gusto y/o del olfato secundarios a citostáticos como el cisplatino, los taxanos y la ciclofosfamida. Hasta un 75% de los enfermos que reciben quimioterapia presentan estas alteraciones y se ha demostrado que altera la calidad de vida de los pacientes. En 1999, estos trastornos fueron incorporados en la escala de toxicidad del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer. Hay una necesidad urgente de prestar una mayor atención a este efecto secundario con una correcta información a los pacientes y un mayor número de estudios que lo investiguen para introducir mejoras en su manejo (AU)


Chemotherapy agents can cause a wide range of adverse effects. Taste related symptoms are a common toxicity of the chemotherapic agents like cisplatin, taxanes or cyclophosphamide. Although the loss of olfactory and gustatory function is not outwardly apparent, it affects the patient substantially in daily life. Subjective taste and smell changes is in 75% of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Taste alterations have been incorporated in the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria since 1999. There is evidence that this type of alterations in cancer patients negatively affect quality of life. It is very important to inform the patient about this adverse effect because the recovery process will be slow and may take many months. There is an urgent need for increased attention to this effect, both in research and in clinical practice (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Distúrbios do Paladar/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos do Olfato/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida
16.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 17(5): 759-764, sept. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-103116

RESUMO

Objectives: To determine the incidence, severity and duration of lingual tactile and gustatory function impairments after lower third molar removal.Study Design: Prospective cohort study with intra-subject measures of 16 patients undergoing lower third molar extractions. Sensibility and gustatory functions were evaluated in each subject preoperatively, one week and one month after the extraction, using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments and 5 different concentrations of NaCl, respectively. Additionally, all patients filled a questionnaire to assess subjective perceptions.Results: Although patients did not perceive any sensibility impairments, a statistically significant decrease was detected when Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. This alteration was present at one week after the surgical procedure and fully recovered one month after the extraction. There were no variations regarding the gustatory function. Conclusions: Lower third molar removal under local anesthesia may cause light lingual sensibility impairment. Most of these alterations remain undetected to patients. These lingual nerve injuries are present one week after the extraction and recover one month after surgery. The taste seems to remain unaffected after these procedures (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Distúrbios do Paladar/etiologia , Extração Dentária/efeitos adversos , Dente Serotino/cirurgia , Parestesia/etiologia , Traumatismos do Nervo Lingual/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos de Coortes
17.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-93818

RESUMO

Context specificity of rats’ conditioned taste aversion as a function of context experience was assessed in two experiments. Rats received a single pairing between a flavor X and a LiCl injection in a distinctive context (context A) being subsequently tested either in the same context or in a different but equally familiar context (context B). Experiment 1 found that the context change attenuated aversion to X when contexts were new at the time of conditioning. No effect of context change was found when rats had experience with the contexts before conditioning. Experiment 2 found that consumption was lower in the context of conditioning than in the alternative context, regardless of whether the stimulus was conditioned or not, suggesting that contexts exert their control through direct context-outcome associations in this situation(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Ratos , Modelos Animais , Transtornos Mentais/patologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/veterinária , Distúrbios do Paladar/psicologia , /fisiologia , Condicionamento Psicológico/fisiologia
18.
Psicológica (Valencia, Ed. impr.) ; 33(2): 237-255, 2012. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-100389

RESUMO

La administración sistémica de antagonistas de NMDA produce una interrupción de la Aversión Condicionada al Sabor cuando el fármaco se inyecta antes de la presentación de los estímulos. Sin embargo, existen en la literatura muy pocos experimentos que analicen la relación entre el aprendizaje de aversión al sabor y la actividad de los receptores NMDA cuando los compuestos farmacológicos se inyectan por vía sistémica entre el Estímulo Condicionado (EC) y el Estímulo Incondicionado (EI), siendo además en estos casos los resultados más contradictorios. En este trabajo presentamos dos experimentos destinados a analizar si la administración de MK-801 (dizolcipina maleate) entre el EC y el EI produce una interrupción de la Aversión Condicionada al Sabor (Experimento 1), y si la introducción de una demora temporal entre el EC y la administración del MK-801 anula el efecto disruptivo de la droga sobre la aversión al sabor (Experimento 2). Los resultados revelan que el MK-801 produce la interrupción de la ACS cuando se inyecta entre el EC y el EI y que el efecto desaparece cuando se introduce un intervalo temporal entre la administración del fármaco y el EI. Estos resultados apuntan al importante papel que los receptores NMDA desempeñan en la codificación y consolidación del trazo de memoria para el sabor(AU)


Sistemic administration of NMDA antagonists induces a disruption of Conditioned Taste Aversion when the drug is administered before stimuli presentation. However, there is scarce evidence, and such evidence is contradictory, on the role of NMDA receptors on Conditioned Taste Aversion when the drugs are injected in the interval between the Conditioned Stimulus (CS) and the Unconditioned Stimulus (US). In this paper we describe two experiments designed to analyze whether MK-801 (dizolcipine maleate) administration during the interval between the CS and the US disrupts Conditioned Taste Aversion (Experiment 1), and whether the introduction of a delay between MK-801 administration and US presentation prevents such disruption (Experiment 2). The results show the predicted Conditioned Taste Aversion disruption when the drug was injected inmediately before the US, and normal Conditioned Taste Aversion when a delay was introduced between the NMDA antagonist and the US. These results support a relevant role of NMDA receptors in encoding and consolidation of the taste memory trace(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Ratos , Disgeusia/psicologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/psicologia , /fisiologia , Memória/fisiologia , Condicionamento Psicológico/fisiologia , Psicologia Experimental/métodos , Psicofisiologia/métodos , Psicofisiologia/tendências , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/uso terapêutico , Sacarose/metabolismo , Psicologia Experimental/organização & administração , Psicologia Experimental/normas , Cloreto de Lítio , Sacarose
19.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 67(6): 366-371, nov.-dic. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101726

RESUMO

Detectar un caso de hipertensión arterial en un paciente pediátrico obliga las más de las veces a descartar una enfermedad orgánica asociada, generalmente, una nefropatía. Entre los últimos años, sin embargo, se diagnostican cada vez más casos de hipertensión arterial esencial o primaria, debido fundamentalmente al aumento de la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso en los niños y adolescentes. En la presente revisión se analizan las relaciones existente entre la hipertensión arterial y la obesidad con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular tanto clásicos como con los nuevos factores de tipo inflamatorio de reciente aparición. El conocimiento del fenómeno de canalización o tracking y el estudio de estos factores permitirán una menor caracterización del riesgo de nuestros pacientes pediátricos (AU)


In order to detect a case of arterial hypertension in a pediatric patient often requires ruling out an associated organic disease, generally kidney disease. In recent years, however, more and more cases are being diagnosed of essential or primary hypertension, fundamentally due to the increase of the prevalence of obesity and overweight-ness in children and adolescents. In the present review, the relationships existing between arterial hypertension and obesity with other cardiovascular risk factors, both classical and the new inflammatory type factors of recent appearance are analyzed. The knowledge of the canalization phenomenon or tracking and the study of these factors will allow for a better characterization of the risk of our pediatric patients (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Inflamação/epidemiologia , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Distúrbios do Paladar/fisiopatologia
20.
Nutr. hosp., Supl ; 4(2): 42-46, mayo 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-170982

RESUMO

Los tratamientos con quimioterapia y radioterapia tienen un gran impacto sobre el estado nutricional de los enfermos oncológicos con tumores de cabeza y cuello por la sintomatología y la alteración sensorial tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa que producen a lo largo del tiempo. Mediante la exposición y desarrollo de un caso clínico donde se abordan los múltiples síntomas, se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de identificar el riesgo de desnutrición de estos pacientes desde los primeros momentos del diagnóstico. Finalmente se concluye que las alteraciones del gusto y del olfato junto con la toxicidad de los tratamientos sobre la mucosa oral son responsables de la disminución de la ingesta y del disconfort del paciente. Se insiste en la necesidad de una intervención nutricional precoz y un seguimiento para conseguir los objetivos terapéuticos y facilitar la adhesión al tratamiento (AU)


Chemotherapy and radiation treatments have a major impact on the nutritional status of cancer patients with tumors of head and neck due for the symptoms and the sensory impairment in both quantitative and qualitative that occurs over time. Through the exposure and development of a clinical case addresses the multiple symptoms, we point out the need to identify risk of malnutrition in these patients at an early diagnosis stage. Finally we concluded that disturbances of taste and smell along with the toxicity of the treatments on the oral mucosa are responsible for the decreased intake and patient’s discomfort. We emphasize the need for an early nutritional intervention and monitoring to achieve therapeutic goals and facilitate adherence to treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Radioterapia/efeitos adversos , Transtornos das Sensações/etiologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/complicações , Distúrbios do Paladar/epidemiologia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Apoio Nutricional/métodos
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