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2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 73(1): 35-38, Jul 1, 2021. ilus
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-227897

RESUMO

Introducción: La mucopolisacaridosis de tipo II (MPS II) es una enfermedad lisosómica causada por deficiencia de la enzima iduronato-2-sulfatasa, ligada al cromosoma X, y produce un gran espectro de manifestaciones clínicas. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso clínico de dos hermanos con MPS II de diferente origen paterno con la misma mutación genética; la edad en el momento del diagnóstico fue de 5 años (caso 1) y de 8 meses (caso 2). Dichos hermanos presentan hallazgos diferentes en la resonancia magnética cerebral entre sí: el caso 1 presentó hallazgos clásicos para la edad, y el caso 2 presentó múltiples hallazgos tempranos, como espacios perivasculares dilatados de hasta 9,5 mm y megacisterna magna, entre otros, sin presentar manifestaciones neurológicas. Conclusiones: La afectación cerebral del paciente del caso 2 se presentó antes del año de edad y previa a la hepatoesplenomegalia. La resonancia magnética se convierte en una herramienta de diagnóstico temprano para la MPS II.(AU)


Introduction: Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a lysosomal disease caused by deficiency of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), linked to the X chromosome, producing a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Case report: We present the case of two siblings with MPS II of different paternal origin with the same genetic mutation; the age at the time of diagnosis was 5 years of age (case 1) and 8 months of age (case 2). These brethren present different findings in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with each other, case 1 presented classic findings for age, case 2 presented multiple early findings, such as dilated perivascular spaces up to 9.5 mm, magna megacisterna, among others; without neurological manifestations. Conclusion: This patient’s brain compromise was presented before the year of age and prior to hepatosplenomegaly, thus, MRI becomes an early diagnostic tool for MPS II.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Criança , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X , Iduronato Sulfatase , Mucopolissacaridose II/diagnóstico por imagem , Corpo Caloso/diagnóstico por imagem , Relações entre Irmãos , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Colômbia , Mucopolissacaridose II/patologia , Corpo Caloso/patologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Pacientes Internados , Exame Físico , Avaliação de Sintomas
3.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 49(2): 80-83, mar. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-214242

RESUMO

Introduction and objectives: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), the first known primary immunodeficiency, is caused by rare mutations in Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene. Mutations in the BTK gene lead to a failure in the development and maturation of B-cell linage. A decreased number of B-cells results in agammaglobulinemia and increased susceptibility to a variety of infections. Therefore, patients with XLA usually manifest with repetitive bacterial infections, such as upper respiratory tract infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and urinary tract infections, since their infancy. Patients We report a 17-year-old Iranian boy with XLA, referred to us with a history of severe and recurrent episodes of bacterial infections for a period of six years. Results Genetic analysis using the whole Exome sequencing revealed a hemizygous missense mutation in the BTK gene (c.428 A > T, p.His143Leu). Conclusion To our knowledge, c.428 A > T has not been reported in the BTK gene (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Agamaglobulinemia/diagnóstico , Agamaglobulinemia/genética , Tirosina Quinase da Agamaglobulinemia/genética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Testes Genéticos , Linhagem
4.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 95(12): 607-610, dic. 2020. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197760

RESUMO

Un varón de 4 años, sin antecedentes relevantes, consulta por disminución de agudeza visual bilateral, más acusada en condiciones escotópicas, que no mejora con corrección óptica. No se aprecian alteraciones fundoscópicas significativas, por lo que se sospecha una distrofia retiniana. La secuenciación del gen CACNA1F detecta la mutación c.3081C > A (p.Tyr1027Ter), que se ha producido de novo en la madre del paciente. Esta mutación, en el contexto clínico referido y con un patrón electronegativo compatible, establece el diagnóstico de ceguera nocturna estacionaria congénita tipo 2 ligada al cromosoma X. La electrofisiología y el estudio genético deben formar parte del protocolo diagnóstico de cualquier pérdida de visión inexplicada en niños. La descripción, la nomenclatura y la clasificación de las distrofias retinianas hereditarias con base en sus características genotípicas y electrorretinográficas evita los errores diagnósticos derivados de su habitual superposición clínica y fenotípica


A 4-year-old boy, with no history of relevance, presented with bilateral visual impairment, more so in scotopic conditions, and did not improve with optical correction. No significant funduscopic abnormalities were seen, leading to a suspicion of retinal dystrophy. Sequencing of the CACNA1F gene detected the c.3081C > A (p.Tyr1027Ter) mutation, which had occurred de novo in the patient's mother. This mutation, in the aforementioned clinical context, and with a compatible electronegative pattern, establishes the diagnosis of X-linked type 2 congenital stationary night blindness. Electrophysiology and genetic testing should be part of the diagnostic protocol for any unexplained loss of vision in children. The description, nomenclature and classification of hereditary retinal dystrophies based on their genotypic and electroretinograpic characteristics, avoids diagnostic errors due to their usual clinical and phenotypic overlap


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Miopia/diagnóstico , Cegueira Noturna/diagnóstico , Oftalmopatias Hereditárias/diagnóstico , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/diagnóstico , Canais de Cálcio Tipo L/genética , Mutação , Eletrorretinografia/métodos , Linhagem , Acuidade Visual
6.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 95(4): 201-204, abr. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-196367

RESUMO

El neonato tiene un diámetro horizontal de la córnea, generalmente de hasta 10 mm, con un crecimiento de hasta 2 mm en los primeros 2 años de vida. Presentamos un caso de megalocórnea, un trastorno raro, recesivo, ligado al cromosoma X, en un niño de 3 meses de edad, buscando revisar lo que la literatura médica aporta como información sobre la enfermedad, así como los parámetros diagnósticos y de seguimiento de sus principales diagnósticos diferenciales


The neonate has a horizontal diameter of the cornea, usually up to 10 mm with growth up to 2 mm in the first 2 years of life. We report a case of megalocornea, a rare, recessive, X-linked disorder in a 3-month-old child, seeking to review what the medical literature brings information about the condition, as well as diagnostic and follow-up parameters, of its main differential diagnoses


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Oftalmopatias Hereditárias , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X , Córnea/anatomia & histologia , Oftalmopatias Hereditárias/diagnóstico , Oftalmopatias Hereditárias/etiologia , Oftalmopatias Hereditárias/terapia , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/diagnóstico , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/etiologia , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/terapia
8.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 47(1): 24-31, ene.-feb. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-180767

RESUMO

Background: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is characterized by absent or severely reduced B cells, low or undetectable immunoglobulin levels, and clinically by extracellular bacterial infections which mainly compromise the respiratory tract. We aimed to analyze the clinical, immunological and genetic characteristics of 22 male children with XLA. Methods: Twenty-two children with XLA from 12 unrelated families were enrolled in this study. Clinical and demographic features of patients, serum immunoglobulin levels, percentage of B cells and BTK gene mutations were reviewed retrospectively. Results: We identified 12 different mutations in 22 patients from 12 unrelated families. The most frequent type of mutation was premature stop codon (33.3%). Ten mutations had been reported previously including three missense mutations (c.1774T>C, c.1684C>T, c.83G>T), three premature stop codons (c.1558C>T, c.1573C>T, c.753G>A), two splice-site (c.683-1G>A, c.1567-12_1567-9delTTTG) and two small nucleotide deletions (c.902-904_delAAG, c.179_181delAGA). Two novel mutations of the BTK gene were also presented and included one splice-site mutation (c.391+1G>C) and one premature stop codon mutation (c.1243_1243delG). Six out of 12 mutations of the BTK gene were located in the SH1 domain, two in the PH domain, two in the SH3 domain and two in the SH2 domain. Three patients had a history of severe infection before diagnosis. We did not identify any correlation between severity of clinical symptoms and the genotype. Conclusions: Our results show that mutations in southeast Turkey could be different from those in the rest of the world and molecular genetic tests are an important tool for early confirmed diagnosis of XLA


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Agamaglobulinemia/genética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Genótipo , Mutação/genética , Agamaglobulinemia/fisiopatologia , Progressão da Doença , Estudos de Associação Genética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/fisiopatologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença
9.
Prog. obstet. ginecol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(4): 354-357, jul.-ago. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-174976

RESUMO

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 22 años que solicita interrupción de la gestación tras el diagnóstico de hidrocefalia fetal en la semana 34. Tras el estudio de necropsia fetal se evidencia ausencia de la vía piramidal por lo que se establece el diagnóstico de sospecha de hidrocefalia ligada a X con estenosis del acueducto de Silvio (hydrocephalus due to congenital stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius HSAS). Se realiza estudio del gen L1CAM en ADN fetal detectándose la variante c.1484A > G (p.Tyr495Cys) en hemicigosis catalogada como de significado clínico incierto. El estudio de la variante genética en la gestante confirma su estado de portadora heterocigota. Dado estos hallazgos consideramos necesario elaborar una revisión bibliográfica sobre síndrome de hidrocefalia fetal ligada al cromosoma X9


We present the case of a 22 years old patient who requested interruption of pregnancy after the diagnosis of fetal hydrocephalus at week 34. After the fetal necropsy study the absence of the pyramidal tract is evidenced therefore the diagnosis of suspicion of X-linked hydrocephalus with stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius (hydrocephalus due to congenital stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius. HSAS) is established. A study of the L1CAM gene in fetal DNA was carried out detecting the variant c.1484A > G (p.Tyr495Cys) in hemicigosis cataloged as of uncertain clinical significance. The study of the genetic variant in the pregnant woman confirms its heterozygous carrier status. Because of these findings we consider necessary do a review of X-linked hydrocephalus syndrome 9


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Hidrocefalia/congênito , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Aqueduto do Mesencéfalo/anormalidades , Aborto Eugênico , Aconselhamento Genético , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Trabalho de Parto Induzido
10.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 71(7): 545-552, jul. 2018. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-178580

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: La displasia valvular cardiaca ligada al cromosoma X es una cardiopatía congénita rara específica del sexo masculino y caracterizada principalmente por una degeneración mixomatosa de las válvulas auriculoventriculares con consecuencias hemodinámicas variables. Se debe a defectos genéticos en la filamina A (codificada por FLNA), una proteína de unión a actina de expresión ubicua que regula la organización del citoesqueleto. La pérdida de función de la filamina A también se ha asociado con manifestaciones neurológicas y del tejido conectivo a menudo simultáneas, y aparentemente las mutaciones en la primera mitad del dominio Rod 1 expresan el fenotipo cardiaco completo. En esta familia de nueva descripción, se ha contribuido a las correlaciones genotipo-fenotipo previas con un enfoque multidisciplinario. Métodos: La evaluación cardiológica, dismorfológica y genética de los miembros disponibles se complementó con estudios de la transcripción y de la inactivación del cromosoma X. Resultados: La nueva mutación de FLNA c.1066-3C>G cosegregaba con un fenotipo cardiaco aparentemente aislado y expresado en los varones, sin que hubiera un sesgo en el patrón de inactivación del cromosoma X en las mujeres portadoras. Esta variante resultó en una deleción dentro del marco de lectura de 8 residuos de aminoácidos cercanos a la región N-terminal de la proteína. Conclusiones: La pérdida de función parcial y no sometida a impronta del dominio Rod 1 proximal de la filamina A parece ser el mecanismo patogénico de la displasia valvular cardiaca, expresada en algunos casos con manifestaciones extracardiacas


Introduction and objectives: X-linked cardiac valvular dysplasia is a rare form of male-specific congenital heart defect mainly characterized by myxomatous degeneration of the atrioventricular valves with variable hemodynamic consequences. It is caused by genetic defects in FLNA-encoded filamin A, a widely expressed actin-binding protein that regulates cytoskeleton organization. Filamin A loss of function has also been associated with often concurring neurologic and connective tissue manifestations, with mutations in the first half of the Rod 1 domain apparently expressing the full cardiac phenotype. We contribute to previous genotype-phenotype correlations with a multidisciplinary approach in a newly-described family. Methods: Cardiologic, dysmorphologic, and genetic evaluation of available members were complemented with transcriptional and X-chromosome inactivation studies. Results: A novel FLNA mutation c.1066-3C>G cosegregated with a male-expressed, apparently isolated, cardiac phenotype with no skewed X-inactivation pattern in female carriers. This variant was shown to result in an in-frame deletion of 8 amino acid residues near the N-terminal region of the protein. Conclusions: A nonimprinted, partial loss of function of filamin A proximal Rod 1 domain seems to be the pathogenetic mechanism of cardiac valvular dysplasia, with some cases occasionally expressing associated extracardiac manifestations


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Prolapso das Valvas Cardíacas/genética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Filaminas/genética , Mutação/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Cardiopatias Congênitas
11.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 46(1): 58-66, ene.-feb. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-170788

RESUMO

Background: X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) is a genetic disorder affecting B cell maturation, which is characterised by a low number of B cells, agammaglobulinaemia and increased susceptibility to a variety of bacterial infections. This study was performed to assess T cell subpopulations in a group of children with XLA in association with chronic respiratory disease (CRD). Methods: Numbers of T cell subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+DR+, naïve, memory, recent thymic emigrants (RTE), regulatory T cells, follicular T helpers) were measured by eight-colour flow cytometry in 22 XLA patients and 50 controls. BAFF level was measured by ELISA. Results: XLA patients with CRD had a significantly lower percentage of RTE numbers and Tregs, while significantly higher absolute counts of lymphocytes, CD3+, CD8+, CD3+DR+ and CD4+CD45RO+ T cells were detected as compared with healthy controls. In patients with XLA without CRD, the number of follicular T helper cells was altered significantly (percentage and absolute), as compared with healthy controls. Additionally, they had significantly higher counts (percentage and absolute) of CD4+CD45RA+ cells and lower percentage of CD4+CD45RO+ cells in comparison with healthy controls. Conclusions: Our study affords new information concerning CRD and T cell subsets that differentiate or are maintained in the absence of B cells in children with XLA. T cell's homeostasis depends on the presence of chronic respiratory disease that may be caused by the delay in diagnosis (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Agamaglobulinemia/imunologia , Infecções Respiratórias/imunologia , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/imunologia , Doença Crônica , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Fator Tímico Circulante/imunologia , Fator Ativador de Células B/imunologia , Sinusite/imunologia
14.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(10): 454-458, 16 mayo, 2017. graf, tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-162610

RESUMO

Introducción: La enfermedad de Fabry es una patología metabólica infrecuente ligada al cromosoma X, que provoca una amplia variedad de signos y síntomas. Caso clínico: Varón de 39 años que ingresó en nuestra unidad de ictus con hemiparesia derecha (1 + 0) y disartria (1). La puntuación en la National Institute of Health Stroke Scale era de 2. Presentaba angioqueratomas en ambos muslos. La tomografía axial computarizada craneal mostraba un infarto agudo talámico izquierdo. El dúplex de los troncos supraaórticos era normal, y el Doppler transcraneal reflejaba un aumento generalizado de los índices de pulsatilidad. El ecocardiograma transtorácico mostraba hipertrofia ventricular izquierda y dilatación de la aurícula izquierda. Recibió el alta cinco días después, asintomático, con antiagregación. El registro Holter-electrocardiográfico prolongado mostraba fibrilación auricular paroxística. En la analítica de orina destacaba microalbuminuria de 281 mg/L. En vista de la afectación multiorgánica y la historia familiar, se cursó estudio de enfermedad de Fabry. La actividad de la enzima alfa-galactosidasa-A se encontró disminuida, y se demostró la presencia de una mutación en el gen GLA. Su hermano, que padecía insuficiencia renal y fibrilación auricular, fue positivo para dicha mutación. El paciente se encuentra en tratamiento con agalsidasa beta. Conclusiones: La enfermedad de Fabry debe sospecharse en varones jóvenes con cardiopatía, ictus o neuropatía periférica, lesiones cutáneas, fallo renal e historia de familiares afectos. El tratamiento hormonal sustitutivo debe comenzarse precozmente, ya que puede mejorar el pronóstico (AU)


Introduction: Fabry’s disease is an infrequent metabolic pathology linked to the X chromosome which causes a wide variety of signs and symptoms. Case report: A 39-year-old male who was admitted to our stroke unit with right-side hemiparesis (1 + 0) and dysarthria (1). The score on the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was 2. The patient presented angiokeratomas in both thighs. A computerised axial tomography scan of the head showed left thalamic acute infarction. The duplex scan of the supra-aortic trunks was normal, and the transcranial Doppler reflected a generalised increase in the pulsatility indices. Transthoracic echocardiography showed left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial dilatation. He was discharged five days later, with antiaggregating medication but asymptomatic. The prolonged Holter-electrocardiogram recording showed paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. One notable value in the urine analysis was microalbuminuria of 281 mg/L. In view of the multi-organic involvement and the family history, a study for Fabry’s disease was performed. Activity of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A was diminished, and the presence of a mutation in the GLA gene was found. The patient’s brother, who suffered from kidney failure and atrial fibrillation, was positive for this mutation. The patient is on treatment with agalsidase beta. Conclusions: Fabry’s disease must be suspected in young males with heart disease, stroke or peripheral neuropathy, skin lesions, kidney failure and a history of cases in the family. Hormone replacement therapy must be established at an early stage, as it can improve the prognosis (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Doença de Fabry/complicações , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/etiologia , Glicolipídeos/análise , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/diagnóstico , Glicoesfingolipídeos/análise
16.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 62(5): 218-222, 1 mar., 2016. graf, ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-183072

RESUMO

Introducción. La paraplejía espástica hereditaria (PEH) representa un conjunto de cuadros clínicos neurodegenerativos que se caracteriza por pérdida progresiva de fuerza en los miembros inferiores con espasticidad. Esto se debe a una lesión axonal en los haces corticoespinales. La de tipo 1, conocida como SPG1, es la forma más común de PEH ligada al cromosoma X. Ésta se produce por una mutación en el gen de la molécula de adhesión celular L1 (L1CAM). La SPG1 se manifiesta con el síndrome CRASH (corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, adducted thumbs, spasticity and hydrocephalus). Casos clínicos. Tres varones, dos hermanos y un primo (materno), con un cuadro clínico de discapacidad intelectual, paraparesia espástica, piramidalismo, dismorfias faciales y pulgares en aducción. La neuroimagen mostró agenesia del cuerpo calloso y ventriculomegalia en los tres. Los estudios neurofisiológico y metabólico fueron normales. El estudio genético evidenció en todos ellos una mutación concreta en el gen L1CAM (Xq28). Conclusión. Se describen los hallazgos clinicorradiológicos de tres varones afectos de síndrome CRASH por mutación c.516G>A en el exón 5 del gen L1CAM. Éstos parecen ser los primeros casos descritos en España según la bibliografía actual. Recomendamos sospechar este síndrome cuando se asocian paraparesia espástica, discapacidad intelectual y pulgares aductos


Introduction. Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a set of neurodegenerative clinical features characterised by a progressive loss of strength in the lower limbs together with spasticity. It is the result of an axonal lesion in the corticospinal tracts. Type 1, known as SPG1, is the most common form of X-linked HSP. This is produced by a mutation in the gene for the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM). SPG1 presents with CRASH syndrome (corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, adducted thumbs, spasticity and hydrocephalus). Case reports. We report the cases of three males, two brothers and a cousin (on the mother’s side), with clinical features including intellectual disability, spastic paraparesis, long tract signs, facial dysmorphism and adducted thumbs. Neuroimaging revealed agenesis of the corpus callosum and ventriculomegaly in all three of them. Neurophysiological and metabolic studies were normal. The genetic study evidenced a specific mutation of the L1CAM gene (Xq28) in all three cases. Conclusion. We describe the clinical-radiological findings in three males with CRASH syndrome due to mutation c.516G>A in exon 5 of the L1CAM gene. These seem to be the first cases reported in Spain, according to the current literature. We recommend suspecting this syndrome when spastic paraparesis, intellectual disability and adducted thumbs are associated


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Adolescente , Moléculas de Adesão de Célula Nervosa , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Mutação , Paraplegia Espástica Hereditária/genética , Fenótipo , Linhagem
17.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 62(10): 499-506, dic. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-144849

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de Turner es definido por un conjunto de rasgos fenotípicos característicos resultantes de la alteración completa o parcial del cromosoma X. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en el que se analiza el diagnóstico, la evolución y la situación actual de pacientes controladas en los últimos 40 años de síndrome de Turner en un hospital terciario (Bizkaia) mediante revisión de historias clínicas y encuestas telefónicas. RESULTADOS: Estudiamos 45 mujeres, con edad media actual de 22,95 años (rango 2-38) y edad media de diagnóstico de 4,71 años. El 63% presentaron mosaicismo en su cariotipo. El motivo de consulta más frecuente fue talla baja (54%), objetivándose un incremento de diagnóstico prenatal en los casos más recientes. Han recibido tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento el 72%, y el 26% además recibieron oxandrolona. En el 69% de las pacientes la talla final alcanzada fue baja. Han presentado fallo gonadal el 66%, recibiendo la mayoría tratamiento hormonal sustitutivo. Tres pacientes han tenido descendencia con óvulo de donante. El seguimiento de las 31 pacientes adultas es llevado a cabo fundamentalmente por endocrinología (37,5%) y/o ginecología (34,4%). En el ámbito psicosocial han precisado ayuda durante la escolarización el 22%, alcanzando el 80% estudios de nivel medio-alto. Dos pacientes han fallecido, una por disección de aneurisma aórtico y la otra paciente, con múltiples patologías, por insuficiencia respiratoria. Comentarios: La talla baja es el motivo más frecuente de consulta en pacientes con síndrome de Turner. En la mayoría de los casos el cariotipo es mosaico. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes son talla baja y fallo gonadal. El 80% consiguen realizar estudios de nivel medio-alto. En la edad adulta el seguimiento es irregular y en ocasiones escaso, siendo claramente mejorable


BACKGROUND: Turner syndrome is characterized by a great variability of clinical manifestations caused by a total or partial loss of X-chromosome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study of the diagnosis, course, and current status of patients with Turner syndrome followed up at our section over the past 40 years, based on review of medical records supplemented with a telephone survey. RESULTS: Forty-five female patients with a current mean age of 22.95 years (range 2-38) and a mean age at diagnosis of 4.71 were included. Sixty-three percent of them showed a mosaic karyotype. Short stature was the most common reason for consultation (54%), with increased prenatal diagnosis in most recent cases. Seventy-two percent have been treated with growth hormone, together with oxandrolone in 26%. Final stature was short in 69% of patients. Gonadal failure was found in 66%; most of whom received replacement therapy. Three patients achieved pregnancy by oocyte donation. The 31 adult patients are mainly monitored by the endocrinology (37.5%) and/or gynecology (34.4%) departments. As regards psychosocial aspects, 22% required support during school, and 80% completed middle to high level education. Two patients died, one due to dissecting aortic aneurysm and the other one, who had multiple pathological conditions, from respiratory failure. CONCLUSIONS: Short stature is the main cause of diagnosis in patients with Turner syndrome; most cases show genetic mosaicism. The most common clinical manifestations include short stature and gonadal failure. Eighty percent of patients complete middle or high education. In adulthood, follow-up is irregular, sometimes scarce, and clearly improvable


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome de Turner , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/epidemiologia , Progressão da Doença , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estatura
18.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 62(5): 224-230, mayo 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-138676

RESUMO

La enfermedad de Kennedy o atrofia muscular espino-bulbar es un trastorno neurodegenerativo raro de herencia recesiva ligada al cromosoma X que afecta a varones en la edad adulta. Está causado por la expansión repetida de la secuencia citosina-adenosina-guanina en el exón 1 del gen del receptor androgénico localizado en el cromosoma Xq11-12, y se caracteriza por la degeneración progresiva de las neuronas motoras espinales. Desde el punto de vista endocrinológico es común encontrar en estos pacientes datos de hipogonadismo englobados en el síndrome de resistencia androgénica, particularmente la forma parcial. Se describen 4 casos con presentación clínica neurológica típica de la enfermedad, con debilidad muscular generalizada lentamente progresiva con atrofia y afectación de musculatura bulbar; entre las manifestaciones endocrinológicas observadas la ginecomastia fue la más frecuente. El estudio molecular mostró una expansión anormal del triplete citosina-adenosina-guanina en el gen del receptor androgénico en todos los casos


Kennedy's disease, also known as bulbospinal muscular atrophy, is a rare, X -linked recessive neurodegenerative disorder affecting adult males. It is caused by expansion of an unstable cytosine-adenine-guanine tandem-repeat in exon 1 of the androgen-receptor gene on chromosome Xq11-12, and is characterized by spinal motor neuron progressive degeneration. Endocrinologically, these patients often have the features of hypogonadism associated to the androgen insensitivity syndrome, particularly its partial forms. We report 4 cases with the typical neurological presentation, consisting of slowly progressing generalized muscle weakness with atrophy and bulbar muscle involvement; these patients also had several endocrine manifestations; the most common non-neurological manifestation was gynecomastia. In all cases reported, molecular analysis showed an abnormal cytosine-adenine-guanine triplet repeat expansion in the androgen receptor gene


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atrofia Bulboespinal Ligada ao X/complicações , Síndrome de Resistência a Andrógenos/complicações , Receptores Androgênicos/fisiologia , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Expansão das Repetições de Trinucleotídeos/genética
19.
Rev. esp. investig. oftalmol ; 3(3): 173-176, jul.-sept. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-117543

RESUMO

La Retinosquisis Juvenil Ligada al cromosoma X (RJLX) es una degeneración macular que puede conducir a degeneración vitreorretiniana; presenta patrón de transmisión recesivo y es casi exclusivamente de hombres. Frecuentemente se diagnostica durante la edad escolar por disminución de agudeza visual o por hemorragia vítrea abrupta. RS1 es el gen asociado a la enfermedad, el cual codifica Retinosquina, una proteína secretada a partir de células de la retina que se une a la superficie de los fotorreceptores y células bipolares, contribuyendo a mantener la integridad de la retina. Los rasgos característicos de la enfermedad incluyen, disminución de la agudeza visual, estrías radiales que surgen de la Retinosquisis foveal, división de las capas interna y periférica de la retina, Electrorretinograma negativo dado por una disminución marcada de la onda b. En la actualidad la OCT con dominio espectral, es la técnica diagnostica más importante, la cual demuestra la Retinosquisis característica del área macular, mas allá del patrón radial del fondo de ojo. El tratamiento se basa principalmente en la mejoría de la agudeza visual. Los inhibidores de la anhidrasa carbónica han sido utilizados con éxito en la reducción de la Retinosquisis del polo posterior. Recientemente se ha involucrado la terapia génica mediante vectores no virales de nanopartículas sólidas lipidícas, para la RJLX, con resultados prometedores en un futuro. Realizamos una revisión bibliográfica sobre la patogenia y las opciones para el diagnostico y tratamiento actual de la RJLX (AU)


The linked juvenile retinoschisis X (XLRS) is a macular degeneration which can lead to vitreoretinal degeneration; presents recessive transmission pattern is almost exclusively men. It is often diagnosed at school age by decreased visual acuity or vitreous hemorrhage, abruptly. RS1 is the disease-associated gene, which encodes Retinosquina, a secreted protein from cells of the retina that binds to the surface of the photoreceptors and bipolar cells, helping to maintain the integrity of the retina. The characteristic features of the disease include, visual acuity reduction, radial grooves arising from the foveal retinoschisis, division of the peripheral and inner layers of the retina, given negative Electroretinograms a marked decrease in the b-wave. Today with spectral domain OCT is the most important diagnostic technique, which demonstrates the characteristic Retinoschisis macular area, beyond the radial pattern of the fundus. The treatment is based primarily on visual acuity improvement. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have been used with success in reducing the posterior pole retinoschisis. Recently, gene therapy has involved using nonviral vectors of solid lipid nanoparticles, for RJLX with promising results in the future. A literature review on the pathogenesis and options for diagnosis and current treatment XLRS (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Retinosquise/genética , Degeneração Macular/complicações , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Vitreorretinopatia Proliferativa/fisiopatologia , Acuidade Visual
20.
Actas dermo-sifiliogr. (Ed. impr.) ; 104(6): 451-470, jul. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-114105

RESUMO

Las displasias ectodérmicas son un amplio grupo de trastornos hereditarios que se caracterizan por la alteración de estructuras derivadas del ectodermo. Aunque algunos de estos síndromes poseen características específicas, determinados rasgos clínicos son comunes en muchos de ellos. De modo general, se diferencian 2 grupos de trastornos: uno caracterizado por la aplasia o hipoplasia de los derivados ectodérmicos, que fracasan en su desarrollo y diferenciación por la ausencia de señales recíprocas específicas entre ectodermo y mesénquima, y otro en el que la característica más llamativa es la queratodermia palmoplantar, que se presenta en asociación con otras manifestaciones cuando se afectan otros epitelios altamente especializados. En las últimas décadas se ha logrado identificar el gen responsable en al menos 30 entidades, permitiéndonos entender los mecanismos patogénicos y su correlación con la clínica (AU)


The ectodermal dysplasias are a large group of hereditary disorders characterized by alterations of structures of ectodermal origin. Although some syndromes can have specific features, many of them share common clinical characteristics. Two main groups of ectodermal dysplasias can be distinguished. One group is characterized by aplasia or hypoplasia of ectodermal tissues, which fail to develop and differentiate because of a lack of reciprocal signaling between ectoderm and mesoderm, the other has palmoplantar keratoderma as its most striking feature, with additional manifestations when other highly specialized epithelia are also involved. In recent decades, the genes responsible for at least 30 different types of ectodermal dysplasia have been identified, throwing light on the pathogenic mechanisms involved and their correlation with clinical findings (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Displasia Ectodérmica/diagnóstico , Displasia Ectodérmica/genética , Displasia Ectodérmica/fisiopatologia , NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/fisiologia , Ectodisplasinas/genética , Displasia Ectodérmica/embriologia , Displasia Ectodérmica/classificação , Ectodisplasinas/fisiologia , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/diagnóstico , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Sindactilia/etiologia , Fissura Palatina , Fenda Labial , Transtornos da Pigmentação
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