Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 77
Filtrar
1.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 43(1): 108-114, Mar 23, 2023. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217973

RESUMO

Introducción: La obesidad en los últimos años ha incrementado su prevalencia a nivel nacional e internacional. Las dietas bajas en índice glicémico disminuyen el peso y regula los niveles de insulina en pacientes obesos.Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de una dieta de bajo índice glicémico en mujeres obesas con hiperinsulinemia.Métodos: Estudio analítico, comparativo y longitudinal. El muestreo fue no probabilístico de 102 mujeres; 42 pacientes con dieta normocalórica de 2000 calorías y 60 pacientes con dieta de bajo índice glicémico de 1300-1500 calorías, durante 4 meses. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), peso, la circunferencia abdominal valores < 88cm, los triglicéridos <150 mg/dL en ayunas con estuches de reactivos colorimétricos de Trinder y la insulina plasmática basal entre 6-27 uUI/ml. Se realizó la prueba t de Student para las variables peso, circunferencia abdominal e IMC y la prueba de Signos de Wilcoxon, para la variable insulina y triglicéridos.Resultados: En ambas dietas hubo un efecto significativo de pérdida de peso (Δ-1,20; Δ-5,56), IMC (Δ-0,96; Δ-2,29) y circunferencia abdominal (Δ-4,88, Δ-5,03) (p<0,001). Los triglicéridos redujeron sus valores (Δ-5,76; Δ-14) pero no fue significativo en ninguna de las dietas y la dieta con bajo índice glicémico presentó una mejor reducción de la insulina (Δ-1.54) (p<0,001).Conclusiones: Ambas dietas reducen los indicadores antropométricos, la dieta de bajo índice glicémico tuvo un mejor efecto en reducir los niveles de insulina y ninguna de las dietas fue efectivas en la reducción de triglicéridos.(AU)


Introduction: Obesity in recent years has increased itsprevalence nationally and internationally. Low glycemic indexdiets decrease weight and regulate insulin levels in obese pa-tients.Objectives: To determine the effect of a low glycemic in-dex diet in obese women with hyperinsulinemia.Methods: Descriptive, comparative, longitudinal study.The sampling was non-probabilistic of 102 women; 42 patients with a normocaloric diet of 2000 calories and 60 pa-tients with a low glycemic index diet of 1300-1500 caloriesand was conducted for fourth months. Weight was meas-ured, body mass index (BMI) is calculated and waist circum-ference (<82 cm), triglycerides (<150 mg/dL), and basalplasma insulin (5-25 uU/ml) were measured. Student’s t-testwas performed for paired samples on the variables weight,waist circumference, and BMI to compare the effect of a lowglycemic and normocaloric diet before and after treatment.For the variable insulin and triglycerides, the Wilcoxon Signstest is applied.Results: In both diets there was a significant effect ofweight loss (Δ-1,20 kg; Δ-5,56 kg), BMI (Δ-0,96 kg/m2; Δ-2,29 kg/m2) and abdominal circumference (Δ-4,88 cm; Δ-5,03 cm)(p<0,001). Triglycerides decreased their values (Δ-5,76 mg/dL; Δ-14 mg/dL) but it was not significant in anyof the diets and the low glycemic index diet presented a bet-ter insulin reduction (Δ-1,64 uU/ml) (p<0,001).Conclusions: Both diets reduced anthropometric indica-tors, the low glycemic index diet had a better effect in reduc-ing insulin levels and none of the diets was effective in re-ducing triglycerides.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade , Índice Glicêmico , Hiperinsulinismo , Dieta , Alimentos, Dieta e Nutrição , Insulina , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Longitudinais , Epidemiologia Descritiva , 52503
6.
J. physiol. biochem ; 74(4): 667-677, nov. 2018. graf, ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-179044

RESUMO

The adrenomedullary chromaffin cells' hormonal pathway has been related to the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. In mice, the deletion of insulin receptor substrate type 2 (Irs2) causes peripheral insulin resistance and reduction in Beta-cell mass, leading to overt diabetes, with gender differences on adrenergic signaling. To further unravel the relevance of Irs2 on glycemic control, we analyzed in adult Irs2 deficient (Irs2-/-) mice, of both sexes but still normoglycemic, dopamine effects on insulin secretion and glycerol release, as well as their adrenal medulla by an immunohistochemical and morphologic approach. In isolated islets, 10 μM dopamine significantly inhibited insulin release in wild-type (WT) and female Irs2−/− mice; however, male Irs2−/− islets were insensitive to that catecholamine. Similarly, on isolated adipocytes, gender differences were observed between WT and Irs2-/- mice in basal and evoked glycerol release with crescent concentrations of dopamine. By immunohistochemistry, reactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in female mice was significantly higher in the adrenal medulla of Irs2-/- compared to WT; although no differences for TH-immunopositivity were observed between the male groups of mice. However, compared to their corresponding WT animals, adrenomedullary chromaffin cells of Irs2-/- mice showed a significant decrease in the cellular and nuclear areas, and even in their percentage of apoptosis. Therefore, our observations suggest that, together with gender differences on dopamine responses in Irs2-/- mice, disturbances in adrenomedullary chromaffin cells could be related to deficiency of Irs2. Accordingly, Irs2 could be necessary for adequate glucose homeostasis and maintenance of the population of the adrenomedullary chromaffin cells


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Camundongos , Medula Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Hiperinsulinismo/metabolismo , Proteínas Substratos do Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Proteínas Substratos do Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Estado Pré-Diabético/metabolismo , Adipócitos Brancos , Hiperinsulinismo/sangue , Hiperinsulinismo/patologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Proteínas Substratos do Receptor de Insulina/genética , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/patologia , Estado Pré-Diabético/patologia
8.
Nutr. hosp ; 34(4): 808-813, jul.-ago. 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-165340

RESUMO

Introducción: la resistencia a la insulina es la alteración metabólica más común relacionada con la obesidad y se asocia a un mayor riesgo cardiovascular en la edad pediátrica. Si a esto se suma una inadecuada condición física, existe un alto riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones cardiometabólicas tempranamente. Objetivo: evaluar la condición física y la resistencia insulínica en escolares obesos de 8 a 13 años de edad, seleccionados en tres establecimientos públicos de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago. Métodos: el estudio se llevó a cabo en 61 escolares obesos (25 Tanner I-II y 36 Tanner III-V). Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, etapas de Tanner, composición corporal con el modelo de cuatro compartimentos, condición física con el test de seis minutos (TM6min) e indicadores de laboratorio, glicemia, insulinemia y HOMA-IR. Se diagnosticó síndrome metabólico según criterio de Cook. Resultados: los escolares y adolescentes obesos prepúberes y púberes presentan una inadecuada condición física, reflejada en la distancia recorrida y en la frecuencia cardiaca durante y posterior al TM6min. A su vez, la muestra presenta una alta prevalencia de resistencia a insulina en conjunto con síndrome metabólico. Conclusiones: independientemente del estado puberal, los escolares obesos presentan una baja condición física y una disminución de la sensibilidad a la insulina, que se refleja en un hiperinsulinismo compensatorio (AU)


Introduction: Insulin resistance is the most common metabolic disorder associated with obesity and highest cardiometabolic risk in children. If the inadequate physical condition is added, they have a high risk of developing cardiometabolic complications at an early age. Objective: To evaluate physical fitness and insulin sensitivity in obese school children of 8-13 years of age from three public schools in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago. Methods: the study was carried out in 61 obese school children (25 Tanner I-II y 36 Tanner III-V). Anthropometric measures, Tanner stages, body composition (using 4-compartment model), physical fitness with the six-minute test and laboratory indicators, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR, were measured. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the criteria of Cook. Results: Obese prepubertal and pubertal children and adolescents showed inadequate physical fitness, reflected in the distance and heart rate during and after the six-minute test. In turn, the sample has a high prevalence of insulin resistance in conjunction with metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Regardless of the pubertal status, obese schoolchildren have a poor physical fitness and decreased insulin sensitivity reflected in a compensatory hyperinsulinemia (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Resistência à Insulina , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Antropometria/métodos , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Hiperinsulinismo/complicações , Hiperinsulinismo/dietoterapia , 28599 , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
9.
J. physiol. biochem ; 72(4): 625-633, dic. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-168370

RESUMO

Herein, we investigated whether subdiaphragmatic vagotomy has benefits on obesity, body glucose homeostasis, and insulin secretion in cafeteria (CAF)-obese rats. Wistar rats were fed a standard or CAF diet for 12 weeks. Subsequently, CAF rats were randomly submitted to truncal vagotomy (CAF Vag) or sham operation (CAF Sham). CAF Sham rats were hyperphagic, obese, and presented metabolic disturbances, including hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Twelve weeks after vagotomy, CAF Vag rats presented reductions in body weight and perigonadal fat stores. Vagotomy did not modify glucose tolerance but normalized fed glycemia, insulinemia, and insulin sensitivity. Isolated islets from CAF Sham rats secreted more insulin in response to the cholinergic agent, carbachol, and when intracellular cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) is enhanced by forskolin or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Vagotomy decreased glucose-induced insulin release due to a reduction in the cholinergic action on β-cells. This effect also normalized islet secretion in response to cAMP. Therefore, vagotomy in rats fed on a CAF-style diet effectively decreases adiposity and restores insulin sensitivity. These effects were mainly associated with the lack of cholinergic action on the endocrine pancreas, which decreases insulinemia and may gradually reduce fat storage and improve insulin sensitivity (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Hiperglicemia/cirurgia , Hiperinsulinismo/cirurgia , Hipertrigliceridemia/cirurgia , Obesidade/cirurgia , Vagotomia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ratos Wistar , Resistência à Insulina , Peso Corporal , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , 1-Metil-3-Isobutilxantina/farmacologia , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica
10.
J. physiol. biochem ; 72(2): 225-243, jun. 2016. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-168268

RESUMO

We have previously described the development of substantial, but reversible obesity in Wistar rats fed with palatable liquid nutrition (Fresubin). In this study, we investigated changes in serum hormone levels, glycemia, fat mass, adipocyte size, and gene expression of adipokines and inflammatory markers in adipose tissue of Wistar rats fed by Fresubin (i) for 5 months, (ii) up to 90 days of age, or (iii) after 90 days of age to characterize metabolic alterations and their reversibility in rats fed with Fresubin. An intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test was also performed to determine levels of serum leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and C-peptide in 2- and 4-month-old animals. In addition, mesenteric and epididymal adipose tissue weight, adipocyte diameter, and gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines and other markers were determined at the end of the study. Chronic Fresubin intake significantly increased adipocyte diameter, reduced glucose tolerance, and increased serum leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and C-peptide levels. Moreover, gene expression of leptin, adiponectin, CD68, and nuclear factor kappa B was significantly increased in mesenteric adipose tissue of Fresubin fed rats. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels increased in mesenteric adipose tissue only in the group fed Fresubin during the entire experiment. In epididymal adipose tissue, fatty acid binding protein 4 mRNA levels were significantly increased in rats fed by Fresubin during adulthood. In conclusion, chronic Fresubin intake induced complex metabolic alterations in Wistar rats characteristic of metabolic syndrome. However, transition of rats from Fresubin to standard diet reversed these alterations (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Obesidade/etiologia , Adiposidade , Gordura Abdominal/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Alimentos Formulados/efeitos adversos , Proteínas na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Hiperglicemia , Hiperinsulinismo , Ratos Wistar , Intolerância à Glucose , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo , Quimiocina CCL2 , Tamanho Celular , Distribuição Aleatória
11.
J. physiol. biochem ; 72(2): 269-280, jun. 2016. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-168271

RESUMO

Morin is a natural bioflavonoid that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of morin on insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in a high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Obesity was induced in ICR mice by feeding a HFD (60 % kcal from fat) for 12 weeks. After the first 6 weeks, obese mice were treated with morin (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) once daily for further 6 weeks. Blood glucose, lipid profile, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were then measured. Liver was excised, subjected to histopathology, glycogen determination, and gene and protein expression analysis. Morin administration reduced blood glucose, serum insulin, leptin, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels and increased serum adiponectin levels. Moreover, there was a reduction in serum lipid and liver triglyceride levels. Liver histology indicated that morin limited accumulation of lipid droplets. Interestingly, morin reduced expression of hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and up-regulated hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) expression. Morin also stimulated glycogen storage and suppressed phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) protein expression. Furthermore, hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) expression were increased after morin treatment. These findings indicate that morin has a positive effect in the HFD-induced obesity condition by suppressing lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress activities (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Fígado , Obesidade , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Resistência à Insulina , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Hiperglicemia , Hiperlipidemias , Hiperinsulinismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Estresse Oxidativo , Lipogênese , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Fármacos Antiobesidade/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga
12.
An. R. Acad. Farm ; 82(2): 185-199, abr.-jun. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154639

RESUMO

La restricción nutricional precoz ha sido asociada con una mayor incidencia de patologías relacionadas con el síndrome metabólico durante la edad adulta. Sin embargo, los mecanismos subyacentes que determinan el desarrollo de dichas patologías aún no se conocen en su totalidad. En el presente trabajo, se analizó el papel del péptido insulinotrópico dependiente de glucosa (GIP) en el desarrollo dichas patologías en un modelo de rata Wistar. Las ratas gestantes fueron alimentadas ad libitum (C) o sometidas a restricción nutricional (S) durante el embarazo y la lactancia, al final de la cual las crías fueron realimentadas con dieta grasa (CR, SR) durante 22 semanas. Tanto los machos como las hembras SR mostraron un fenotipo obesogénico caracterizado por hiperfagia, acumulación de grasa visceral e hipertrofia adipocitaria, de manera más pronunciada que la población CR. Los test de tolerancia oral a la glucosa mostraron que las hembras SR experimentaron intolerancia a la glucosa e hipersecreción de insulina y GIP. La administración del antagonista del receptor de GIP, (Pro3)GIP, a las hembras SR dio lugar a una significativa reducción del tejido adiposo y del tamaño adipocitario, junto a una mejora de la tolerancia a la glucosa y de la sensibilidad a la insulina. En conclusión, la exacerbada secreción de GIP parece representar el estímulo para la hipersecreción de insulina y el desarrollo de resistencia a la misma en las hembras SR, lo que sugiere que GIP jugaría un papel esencial en el desarrollo de alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a la rehabilitación nutricional


Early nutritional restriction has been associated with increased incidence of metabolic syndrome-associated pathologies in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanisms that determine the development of these diseases are not yet fully known. In the present work, we explored the relevance of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in the development of these pathologies in a model of Wistar rats. Two groups of dams were fed ad libitum (C) or food-restricted (U) during pregnancy and suckling. At that time, rats were refed a high-fat diet (HFD; CHF and UHF) for 22 weeks. Both male and female UHF rats showed an obese phenotype characterized by hyperphagia, visceral fat accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy, which was more pronounced than in CHF rats. Oral glucose tolerance tests showed that female UHF rats experienced glucose intolerance, insulin hypersecretion and an exacerbated GIP secretion. Administration of the GIP receptor antagonist, (Pro3)GIP, to UHF female rats markedly reduced visceral fat mass and adipocyte hypertrophy, and these changes were accompanied by improvement of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, the exacerbated production and secretion of GIP seems to represent the stimulus for insulin hypersecretion and insulin resistance shown by UHF female rats, suggesting that GIP may play a critical role in the development of metabolic disturbances related to nutritional rehabilitation


Assuntos
Animais , Gravidez , Ratos , Feminino , Polipeptídeo Inibidor Gástrico/farmacocinética , Síndrome Metabólica/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Restrição Calórica , Hiperinsulinismo/fisiopatologia , Terapia Nutricional/métodos
13.
Pediatr. catalan ; 76(2): 67-70, abr.-jun. 2016. tab
Artigo em Catalão | IBECS | ID: ibc-156636

RESUMO

Introducció: lhiperinsulinisme (HI) és la causa més freqüent dhipoglucèmia neonatal mantinguda. Es pot dividir en transitori o secundari i persistent o congènit. Es presenta una revisió del tema, a partir de quatre casos diagnosticats a la nostra unitat durant set anys. Observació clínica: dels quatre casos, tres són transitoris o secundaris i un persistent. Els factors predisposants dels transitoris són la pèrdua del benestar fetal i la diabetis gestacional. El persistent, amb una ressonància magnètica (RM) cranial i un estudi genètic normals, no va respondre al tractament amb diazòxid (DI) i va millorar amb dextrinomaltosa i alimentació contínua. Cap cas va presentar seqüeles neurològiques. Comentaris: els nostres casos compleixen els criteris diag-nòstics dHI. La incidència dHI al nostre centre és d1/4.500 nascuts vius i la dHI persistent d1/20.000 nascuts vius en set anys. LHI transitori o secundari es relaciona amb lasfíxia neonatal, el retard del creixement intrauterí i la diabetis gestacional. Els casos descrits presen-ten pèrdua del benestar fetal i diabetis. El tractament inicial és laportació de glucosa. Després, el fàrmac de primera línia és el DI. LHI persistent acostuma a no respondre al tractament i pot ser focal o difús, el primer dels quals es pot beneficiar de cirurgia. El màxim objectiu és la prevenció de seqüeles neurològiques. És fonamental el maneig conjunt amb un especialista endocrinòleg


Introducción. El hiperinsulinismo (HI) es la causa más frecuente de hipoglucemia neonatal mantenida. Se puede dividir en transitorio o secundario y persistente o congénito. Se presenta una revisión del tema, a partir de cuatro casos diagnosticados en nuestra unidad durante siete años. Observación clínica. De los cuatro casos, tres son transitorios o secundarios y uno persistente. Los factores predisponentes de los transitorios son la pérdida del bienestar fetal y la diabetes gestacional. El persistente, con una resonancia magnética (RM) craneal y un estudio genético normales, no respondió al diazóxido (DI) y mejoró con dextrinomaltosa y alimentación continua. Ningún caso presentó secuelas neurológicas. Comentarios. Nuestros casos cumplen los criterios diagnósticos de HI. La incidencia de HI en nuestro centro es de 1/4.500 nacidos vivos y la de HI persistente de 1/20.000 nacidos vivos en siete años. El HI transitorio o secundario se relaciona con la asfixia neonatal, el retraso del crecimiento intrauterino y la diabetes gestacional. Los casos descritos presentan pérdida del bienestar fetal y diabetes. El tratamiento inicial es el aporte de glucosa. Después, el fármaco de primera linea es el DI. El HI persistente acostumbra a no responder al tratamiento y puede ser focal o difuso, el primero de los cuales puede beneficiarse de cirugía. El máximo objetivo es la prevención de secuelas neurológicas. Es fundamental el manejo conjunto con un especialista endocrinólogo (AU)


Introduction. Hyperinsulinism (HI) is the most frequent cause of sustained neonatal hypoglycemia; it can be transient (secondary) or persistent (congenital). We describe four cases of neonatal HI seen in a neonatal unit over a seven-year period. Clinical observation. Three of the four cases were transient or secondary, and the other was persistent. Loss of fetal wellbeing and gestational diabetes were the predisposing factors in the three transient cases. The case of persistent HI had normal brain magnetic resonance imaging and genetics; it did not respond to treatment wth diazoxide (DI) but improved with continuous feeding and dextrinomaltose. All four cases recovered with no neurological sequelae. Comments. Our fours cases met the diagnosis criteria for HI. Over the seven-year period, the overall incidence of HI was 1 in 4,500 live births, while the incidence of persistent HI was 1 in 20,000 live births. Transient or secondary HI is related to birth asphyxia, intrauterine growth retardation, and gestational diabetes. The initial treatment of HI is with glucose and DI. Persistent or congenital HI seldom responds to treatment and it can be the result of focal or diffuse pancreatic disease, the first of which anomalies could benefit from surgery. Prevention of neurological sequelae is the main objective of the treatment. A multidisciplinary management with endocrinology is recommended (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Hiperinsulinismo/sangue , Hiperinsulinismo/complicações , Hiperinsulinismo/diagnóstico , Hipoglicemia/complicações , Hipoglicemia/diagnóstico , Diazóxido/uso terapêutico , Glucose/uso terapêutico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Estatísticas de Sequelas e Incapacidade
14.
Hipertens. riesgo vasc ; 33(1): 28-35, ene.-mar. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-149331

RESUMO

En la actualidad cada una de las diferentes sociedades científicas aboga por un tipo u otro de recomendaciones nutricionales para el paciente con riesgo vascular. Esta gran variedad de dietas por un lado enriquecen las posibilidades terapéuticas nutricionales, pero por otro pueden conducir a cierta confusión, tanto para el paciente como para el profesional que las aconseja. Por otro lado, la mayoría de estudios que valoran riesgo vascular hacen mención a «la dieta», sin definir ni concretar a qué tipo de dieta se está haciendo referencia, introduciendo, por tanto, un importante sesgo en los resultados de dichos estudios. De hecho algunas de ellas guardan cierta contradicción. Esta revisión pretende aportar algo de luz en un tema tan controvertido


Currently, each of the different scientific societies advocate one kind or another nutritional recommendations for patients with vascular risk. This variety of diets on the one hand enrich the nutritional therapeutic possibilities, but on the other can lead to some confusion, both for the patient and for the professional that advises. Furthermore, most studies assessing vascular risk mention a "diet" without defining or specifying to which kind of diet they refer, thereby introducing an important bias in the results of those studies. In fact, some of them bear a degree of contradiction. This review aims to shed some light on such a controversial topic


Assuntos
Humanos , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Terapia Nutricional/métodos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hiperinsulinismo/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia
15.
Hipertens. riesgo vasc ; 32(1): 21-26, ene.-mar. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-132082

RESUMO

La hiperinsulinemia se ha relacionado con riesgo cardiovascular, tanto de forma independiente como por facilitar la aparición de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Además, por diferentes vías, se ha asociado con un incremento en el riesgo de cáncer. Ello hace prioritario identificar y tratar de forma precoz al paciente hiperinsulinémico, con el fin de retrasar o evitar el riesgo cardiovascular, así como el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 (DM2) y algunos tipos de cáncer. Debemos plantear una nueva estrategia en el tratamiento de la hiperglucemia en estos pacientes, con el objetivo principal de reducir peso, para disminuir la insulinorresistencia y con ello, la hiperinsulinemia. Por este motivo, la prescripción de insulinosecretores e insulina debería utilizarse con precaución en estos pacientes


Hyperinsulinemia has been associated with cardiovascular risk, both independently and by facilitating the development of other cardiovascular risk factors. It has also been associated by different routes with increased cancer risk. Thus, this makes it a priority to identify and treat the hyperinsulinemic patient early in order to delay or prevent cardiovascular risk and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and certain types of cancer. A new strategy is needed for the treatment of hyperglycemia in these patients, whose primary objective would be to achieve weight loss, reduce insulin resistance and thereby hyperinsulinemia. That is, prescribing insulin secretors and insulin should be used with caution in these patients


Assuntos
Humanos , Hiperinsulinismo/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Neoplasias/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Resistência à Insulina , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Técnicas de Exercício e de Movimento
18.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 92(8): 547-552, oct. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-127570

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome hipoglucémico por hiperinsulinismo endógeno (SHHE) puede estar originado por un insulinoma o, menos frecuentemente, por la nesidioblastosis en niños, conocida en la población adulta con el nombre de síndrome hipoglucémico pancreático no insulinoma (SHPNI). El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la estrategia para el tratamiento quirúrgico del SHHE. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se incluyó a un total de 19 pacientes con diagnóstico final de insulinoma o SHPNI que fueron tratados quirúrgicamente desde enero del 2007 hasta junio del 2012. Se describió la forma de presentación clínica y estudios preoperatorios. Se hizo hincapié en la técnica quirúrgica, las complicaciones y el seguimiento a largo plazo de los pacientes. RESULTADOS: Todos los pacientes en estudio tuvieron un test de ayuno positivo. Las lesiones que originaron el SHHE pudieron ser localizadas preoperatoriamente en el 89,4% de los casos. La cirugía más frecuente fue la pancreatectomía distal con preservación de bazo (9 casos). Tres pacientes con diagnóstico de insulinoma se presentaron con metástasis sincrónicas, que fueron tratadas con cirugía simultánea. No tuvimos mortalidad perioperatoria y la morbilidad fue del 52,6%. El análisis histológico reveló que 13 pacientes (68,4%) presentaban insulinoma benigno, 3 insulinoma maligno con metástasis hepáticas y 3 con diagnóstico final de SHPNI. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 20 meses. Todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de insulinoma benigno o SHPNI resolvieron el síndrome de SHHE. CONCLUSIÓN: El tratamiento quirúrgico del SHHE logra excelentes resultados a largo plazo en el control de los síntomas de hipoglucemia


BACKGROUND: The endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglicemia syndrome (EHHS) can be caused by an insulinoma, or less frequently, by nesidioblastosis in the pediatric population, also known as non insulinoma pancreatic hypoglycemic syndrome (NIPHS) in adults. The aim of this paper is to show the strategy for the surgical treatment of EHHS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 19 patients with a final diagnosis of insulinoma or NIPHS who were treated surgically from January 2007 until June 2012 were included. We describe the clinical presentation and preoperative work-up. Emphasis is placed on the surgical technique, complications and long-term follow-up. RESULTS: All patients had a positive fasting plasma glucose test. Preoperative localization of the lesions was possible in 89.4% of cases. The most frequent surgery was distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation (9 cases). Three patients with insulinoma presented with synchronous metastases, which were treated with simultaneous surgery. There was no perioperative mortality and morbidity was 52.6%. Histological analysis revealed that 13 patients (68.4%) had benign insulinoma, 3 malignant insulinoma with liver metastases and 3 with a final diagnosis of SHPNI. Median follow-up was 20 months. All patients diagnosed with benign insulinoma or NIPHS had symptom resolution. CONCLUSION: The surgical treatment of EHHS achieves excellent long-term results in the control of hypoglucemic symptoms


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipoglicemia/etiologia , Nesidioblastose/cirurgia , Hiperinsulinismo/complicações , Insulinoma/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/cirurgia
20.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 141(supl.2): 14-19, nov. 2013. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-141009

RESUMO

En este artículo revisamos los resultados que pueden esperarse tras una significativa corrección del exceso de peso en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Aportamos documentación basada en consensos avalados por la American Diabetes Association, la European Association for the Study of Diabetes y la International Diabetes Federation en relación con la importancia del ejercicio físico, la cirugía bariátrica-metabólica y el tratamiento farmacológico. Por último, aportamos nuestra experiencia personal en los estudios publicados en los últimos años referidos a los análogos del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1 y en relación con la nueva familia de fármacos orales conocida como gliflozinas, concretamente los estudios publicados con dapagliflozina (AU)


In this article, we review the results that can be expected after significant weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We provide consensus-based documentation supported by the American Diabetes Association, the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, and the International Diabetes Federation on the importance of physical exercise, metabolic-bariatric surgery, and drug therapy. Lastly, we report the results of studies published in the last few years on glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs and the new family of oral drugs known as gliflozins, specifically studies published on dapagliflozin (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/terapia , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon/agonistas , Cirurgia Bariátrica , Causalidade , Comorbidade , Dieta para Diabéticos , Dieta Redutora , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Glucosídeos/uso terapêutico , Hiperinsulinismo/complicações , Hiperinsulinismo/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/classificação , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Resistência à Insulina , Síndrome Metabólica/terapia , Transportador 2 de Glucose-Sódio/antagonistas & inibidores , Redução de Peso
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...