Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 192
Filtrar
2.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 23(6): 1096-1104, jun. 2021. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-221330

RESUMO

Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous tumor with extremely diverse prognosis according to clinical and genetic factors such as specific combinations of chromosomal imbalances. Methods Molecular karyotyping data from a national neuroblastic tumor database of 155 NB samples were analyzed and related to clinical data. Results Segmental chromosomal alterations (SCA) were detected in 102 NB, whereas 45 only displayed numerical alterations. Incidence of SCA was higher in stage M (92%) and MYCN amplified (MNA) NB (96%). Presence of SCA was associated with older age, especially 1q gain and 3p deletion. 96% of the deaths were observed in the SCA group and 85% of the relapsed NB contained SCA. The alteration most commonly associated with a higher number of other segmental rearrangements was 11q deletion, followed by 4p deletion. Whole-chromosome 19 gain was associated with lower stages, absence of SCA and better outcome. Conclusions SCA are not randomly distributed and are concentrated on recurrent chromosomes. The most frequently affected chromosomes identify prognostic factors in specific risk groups. SCA are associated with older age and MNA. We have identified a small subset of patients with better outcome that share whole-chromosome 19 numeric gain, suggesting its use as a prognostic biomarker in NB (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Neuroblastoma/genética , Cariotipagem , Prognóstico
3.
Rev. int. androl. (Internet) ; 19(1): 41-48, ene.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-201669

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In our study, we sought answers to many questions about male infertility from a different perspective. The first step in male infertility is anamnesis, physical examination and sperm count. The European Academy of Andrology recommends examination of genetic causes in individuals with fewer than 5million/ml semen counts. The American Urological Association and American Society for Reproductive Medicine have guidelines recommending performing karyotype and AZF subgroup deletion testing in azoospermia and fewer than 5 million sperm total count. Klinefelter syndrome and Y chromosome microdeletions are still very important in male infertility. Based on patients with Klinefelter syndrome or Y microdeletion, we sought answers to many questions in male infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the presented study 327 male patients with having fewer than 15millionsperm/ml detected in at least two consecutive sperm analysis were examined. Patients were divided into sub-groups according to the presence of semen count, chromosomal anomaly and Y microdeletion. In addition, FSH, LH and testosterone levels were analyzed. RESULTS: Numerical chromosomal anomalies were observed in 34 (10.4%) of 327 patients, and all of these anomalies were found as 47, XXY. Individuals with no AZF microdeletion constituted 95.1% (n=311) of the study group. The overall frequency of AZF microdeletions was 4.9% (16/327). No AZF microdeletions were detected for the patients who have sperm counts above 2million/ml. FSH, LH and testosterone levels were found significantly different between the groups. DISCUSSION: The results of our study provide another layer of evidence to demonstrate the controversial threshold value of the EAA. In light of our data and current literature, we recommend to set the threshold value at 2million/ml for semen analysis. Further studies conducted in different ethnic groups and larger patient groups would contribute to clarify what exact value should be used to apply genetic tests


INTRODUCCIÓN: En nuestro estudio, buscamos respuestas a muchas preguntas relativas a la infertilidad masculina, desde una perspectiva diferente. El primer paso en la infertilidad masculina es la anamnesis, el examen físico y el recuento seminal. La Academia Europea de Andrología recomienda el examen de las causas genéticas en individuos con menos de 5millones/ml de recuento seminal. La Asociación Americana de Urología y la Sociedad Americana de Medicina Reproductiva cuentan con directrices que recomiendan la realización de pruebas de cariotipos y deleción del subgrupo AZF en los casos de azoospermia y un recuento seminal total inferior a 5millones/ml. El síndrome de Klinefelter y las micro-deleciones del cromosoma Y siguen siendo muy importantes en la infertilidad masculina. Basándonos en los pacientes con síndrome de Klinefelter o micro-deleción del cromosoma Y, buscamos respuestas a muchas cuestiones de la infertilidad masculina. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: En el presente estudio examinamos 327 varones con valores inferiores a 15 millones de esperma/ml detectados en al menos 2 análisis seminales consecutivos. Dividimos a los pacientes en subgrupos con arreglo a la presencia de recuento seminal, anomalía cromosómica y micro-deleción del cromosoma Y. Además, analizamos los niveles de FSH, LH y testosterona. RESULTADOS: Se observaron anomalías cromosómicas numéricas en 34 (10,4%) de los 327 pacientes, encontrándose dichas anomalías como 47, XXY. Los individuos sin micro-deleción AZF constituyeron el 95,1% (n=311) del grupo de estudio. La frecuencia general de las micro-deleciones AZF fue del 4,9% (16/327). No se detectaron micro-deleciones AZF para los pacientes con recuentos seminales superiores a 2millones/ml. Los niveles de FSH, LH y testosterona fueron significativamente diferentes entre los grupos. DISCUSIÓN: Los resultados de nuestro estudio aportan otra evidencia para demostrar el controvertido valor umbral de EAA. A la luz de nuestros datos y de la literatura actual, recomendamos establecer el valor umbral en 2millones/ml para el análisis seminal. Los futuros estudios a realizar en diferentes grupos étnicos y muestras de mayor tamaño de pacientes contribuirían a clarificar qué valor exacto debería utilizarse para solicitar pruebas genéticas


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Azoospermia/diagnóstico , Azoospermia/genética , Oligospermia/genética , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Transtornos do Cromossomo Sexual no Desenvolvimento Sexual/genética , Estudos de Coortes , Azoospermia/fisiopatologia , Oligospermia/fisiopatologia , Infertilidade Masculina/fisiopatologia , Cromossomo Y/genética , Síndrome de Klinefelter/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 94(1): 28-35, ene. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-200274

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Cuba presenta la tasa de mortalidad infantil más baja de Latinoamérica, mientras que Chile presenta una tasa de mortalidad infantil sobre el promedio de los países de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OECD, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development). OBJETIVO: Comparar la epidemiología de la mortalidad infantil entre Chile y Cuba para detectar características que puedan explicar las diferencias encontradas. MÉTODO: Análisis comparativo entre Chile y Cuba de la mortalidad infantil, causas de mortalidad, peso del nacido vivo y edad materna, en el año 2015. RESULTADOS: Cuba presentó menor mortalidad infantil, neonatal precoz y tardía que Chile, sin diferencia en mortalidad posneonatal. Chile presentó una mayor mortalidad infantil por alteraciones del sistema nervioso, sistema urinario, alteraciones cromosómicas, síndrome de dificultad respiratoria y trastornos relacionados con la duración corta de la gestación. Chile presentó mayor frecuencia de madres ≥ 35 años y nacidos vivos (NV) con peso < 2.500 g. No se analizaron los posibles efectos de las inequidades en salud por ausencia de datos. CONCLUSIONES: Es posible atribuir la menor mortalidad infantil de Cuba a: 1) aborto selectivo por malformaciones congénitas y anomalías cromosómicas; 2) menor riesgo epidemiológico de la población de embarazadas cubanas; y 3) menor frecuencia de NV con bajo peso al nacer


INTRODUCTION: Cuba has the lowest infant mortality rate in Latin America, while Chile has an infant mortality rate above the average of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. OBJECTIVE: To compare the epidemiology of infant mortality between Chile and Cuba in order to find characteristics that may explain the differences found. METHOD: Comparative analysis between Chile and Cuba of infant mortality rate, causes of mortality, live birth weight, and maternal age, in 2015. RESULTS: Cuba had a lower infant, neonatal, early and late mortality than Chile, with no differences in post-neonatal mortality. Chile had a higher infant mortality due to, alterations of the nervous system, urinary system, chromosomal alterations, respiratory distress syndrome, and disorders related to the short duration of gestation. Chile had a higher frequency of mothers ≥ 35 years old and live births weighing < 2,500 g. The possible effects of health inequities could not be analyzed due to lack of data. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to attribute the lower infant mortality rate in Cuba to: selective abortion due to congenital malformations and chromosomal anomalies, lower epidemiological risk of the Cuban pregnant population, and lower frequency of live births with low birth weight


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Mortalidade Infantil , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Nascido Vivo/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Cuba/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Morte Súbita do Lactente/epidemiologia
5.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 46(5): 355-362, jul.-ago. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197323

RESUMO

La distrofia muscular miotónica tipo 1 (DM1) o enfermedad de Steinert (CIE-9-C: 359.21; CIE-10-ES: G71.11, ORPHA: 273) es una miopatía autosómica dominante de baja prevalencia (<5/10.000) con penetrancia casi completa y daño multiorgánico (neurológico, cardiológico, respiratorio, endocrinológico y digestivo). Es una de las enfermedades humanas con mayor variabilidad clínica. Los síntomas más incapacitantes o molestos para estos enfermos (limitación de la movilidad, cansancio crónico, somnolencia diurna o trastornos digestivos) y sus familias (apatía y falta de iniciativa) no son necesariamente los de peor pronóstico. Las complicaciones respiratorias y los trastornos cardíacos reducen la esperanza de vida de los afectados. No existe tratamiento que modifique su evolución. La función del médico de atención primaria es decisiva en el seguimiento de la DM1, ya sea coordinando a las diferentes especialidades implicadas en el mismo o detectando las complicaciones tratables, en las cuales se centra el presente trabajo


Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) or Steinert's disease (CIE-9-C: 359.21; CIE-10-ES: G71.11, ORPHA: 273) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited myopathy with almost complete penetrance and multisystemic consequences (neurological, cardiological, respiratory, endocrinological, and gastrointestinal). It is one of the clinical most variable diseases. The most bothersome symptoms for the patients (mobility problems, fatigue, hypersomnia, or gastrointestinal symptoms) and their families (apathy, lack of initiative) are not necessarily the most dangerous. Respiratory problems and cardiac arrhythmias shorten life expectancy. There is no specific treatment. The role of the Primary Care physician is crucial in the follow-up of DM1, either by coordinating the different professionals or detecting treatable complications. This work addresses the latter


Assuntos
Humanos , Distrofia Miotônica/genética , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Miotonia Congênita/genética , Debilidade Muscular/etiologia , Aberrações Cromossômicas/classificação , Expansão das Repetições de Trinucleotídeos/genética , Creatina Quinase/análise , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Cardiopatias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Respiratórios/epidemiologia , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/epidemiologia
7.
O.F.I.L ; 30(3): 233-238, 2020. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-200166

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Determinar los daños citogenéticos generados por el uso de metrotrexate para tratamiento de artritis reumatoidea. METODOLOGÍA: Nuestra experiencia en el uso del metotrexate para sincronización celular como retardante del ciclo celular en fase "S" y su posterior inhibición por competencia con la bromodeoxiuridina en la obtención de cromosomas con bandas "R" de replicación, nos indujo a realizar este estudio citogenético utilizando linfocitos de sangre periférica cultivados en medio PB-Max durante 72 horas, provenientes de una paciente de 46 años de edad, con diagnóstico médico de artritis reumatoidea, tratada con metotrexate durante un mes. RESULTADOS: Clínicamente la paciente presentó inflamación de las articulaciones de los dedos de las manos y hombro izquierdo, con impedimento para flexionar el dedo anular de la mano derecha, además de dolor que impide el movimiento de las mismas articulaciones, en ocasiones y debido al dolor no se puede levantar sin ayuda de su lecho. El resultado del análisis citogenético convencional, indicó que de 50 células analizadas, 23 (46%) presentaron cariotipo normal; 17 (34%) muestran aneuploidías de los diferentes grupos cromosómicos del cariotipo humano incluido el (X) y 10 (20%) de polimorfonucleares anormales. Se discute la etiología génica del control molecular del ciclo celular, pensando en que los hallazgos mencionados, estarían más direccionados a los ciclos aberrantes de duplicación del centrosoma y del huso mitótico en general, así como a la alteración parcial de la síntesis del ADN y el ARN, causados probablemente por la acción del metotrexate, lo cual se ve reflejado en que los hallazgos aneuploídicos en el cariotipo son al azar, sin comprometer en particular cromosomas de un grupo determinado. CONCLUSIONES: Se sugiere a los médicos tratantes tener en cuenta alguna directriz en el protocolo terapéutico, relacionada con la cronicidad y el monitoreo citogenético durante el tratamiento con este medicamento


OBJECTIVE: To determine the cytogenetic damages generated by the use of methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: Our experience in the use of methotrexate for cell synchronization as a retarder of the "S" phase cell cycle and its subsequent inhibition by competition with bromodeoxyuridine in obtaining chromosomes with "R" bands of replication, induced us to perform this cytogenetic study using peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in PB-Max medium for 72 hours, from a 46-year-old patient, with a medical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, treated with methotrexate for one month. RESULTS: Clinically the patient presented inflammation articulations of left-hand fingers and left shoulder, with impediment flex of the annular finger right hand, besides she has pain that prevent the movement of the same articulations, in occasions and because of this problem she cannot get up without help. The conventionally cytogenetic analysis, shows that of the 50 analyzed cells, 23 (46%) presents normal karyotype; 17 (34%) presents aneuploidies of the chromosomic different groups including de (X) chromosome, and 10 (20%) of abnormal polymorphonuclear. We discuss the genetic etiology of the biology cellular control, keep in mind that mentioned findings are preferentially directed due to aberrant cycles of centrosome duplication and mitotic spindle in general, as well as the partial disturbance of the ADN and ARN synthesis, probably caused by methotrexate action, this fact that is reflected in the aneuploidy findings in the karyotype are to random, without compromise of any particular chromosome of the determined group.  CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested to the treating doctor should really take implement some rule in the therapeutic protocol of corresponding management, relationed with the chronicity and cytogenetic monitoring during the treatment with this medicine


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Metotrexato/efeitos adversos , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Cariótipo Anormal/induzido quimicamente , Centrossomo/efeitos dos fármacos , Centríolos/efeitos dos fármacos , Aberrações Cromossômicas/induzido quimicamente , Análise Citogenética
8.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 111(10): 806-808, oct. 2019. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-190458

RESUMO

Low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) syndrome is characterized by early intrahepatic and symptomatic gallstones leading to cholangitis, acute pancreatitis and biliary colic. It has been associated with loss of function variants in the ABCB4 gene. ABCB4 encodes for a phospholipid translocator at the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte, which "flops" phosphatidylcholine into bile. The autosomal recessive form is the most common, although autosomal dominant forms have also been described. We report the first family with autosomal dominant LPAC syndrome due to heterozygosity of the loss of function mutation c.2932T>C in ABCB4, identified by targeted next generation sequencing


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Subfamília B de Transportador de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Fosfolipídeos/deficiência , Colelitíase/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Mutação/genética , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/genética
9.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 29(4): 446-452, nov. 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-167750

RESUMO

Background: Over the past 20 years, studies have revealed that the communication of a pre-symptomatic test (PST) result for late-onset diseases, such as Huntington’s disease (HD), doesn’t cause psychological disturbance. This cross-sectional study investigated the middle- (4 years) to long-term (7 and 10 years) psychological impact of PST for 3 autosomal dominant late-onset diseases: HD, Machado-Joseph disease (DMJ) and familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). Method: The study included 203 subjects: 170 (84%) agreed to make the PST for FAP, 29 (14%) for HD and 4 (2%) for MJD. They were mostly women (58%) and married (67%). It was considered the cutoffs points: 4 years (middle-term) and 7 and 10 years (long-term) indicating the time after receiving the TPS results. Results: women and widows (oldest) presented the highest mean values for almost all BSI dimensions and the highest values correspond to the obsessive-compulsive dimension. MJD participants presented the highest mean values. No differences were found concerning the PST test results while participants are still asymptomatic. Psychopathology was only present in symptomatic carriers. Conclusions: The onset of the disease seems to assume the trigger for psychological disturbance, regardless the time that has elapsed since the PST result communication or the individual carrier/non-carrier condition (AU)


Antecedentes: el presente estudio transversal investigó el impacto psicopatológico a medio (4 años) y a largo plazo (7 y 10 años) de la prueba pre-sintomática (PPS) para tres enfermedades autosómicas dominantes de aparición tardía: enfermedad de Huntington EH, la enfermedad de Machado-Joseph (EMJ) y la polineuropatía amiloide familiar (PAF). Método: participaron 203 sujetos: 170 (84 %) realizaron el PPS para PAF, 29 (14 %) para EH y 4 (2 %) para EMJ. La muestra, en su mayoría, estuvo compuesta por mujeres (58 %) y por personas casadas (67 %). Fueron considerados como puntos de corte los 4, 7 y 10 años después de haber recibido el resultado de la PPS. Resultados: las mujeres y los viudos presentan las medias más altas. Los participantes con EMJ presentaron las medias más elevadas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en lo concerniente a los resultados de PPS. La perturbación psicológica fue escasamente observada en los sujetos portadores que ya evidenciaban síntomas. Conclusiones: la aparición de los primeros síntomas parece constituir el detonante para la existencia de perturbaciones psicológicas, independientemente del intervalo de tiempo sucedido desde la comunicación de los resultados de la PPS o de la condición genética (portador/no portador) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/diagnóstico , Doença de Huntington/diagnóstico , Doença de Machado-Joseph/diagnóstico , Neuropatias Amiloides Familiares/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Precoce , Estudos Transversais , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Transtornos de Início Tardio/diagnóstico , Testes Neuropsicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Somatoformes/diagnóstico , Transtornos Fóbicos/diagnóstico , Marcadores Genéticos
11.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 92(4): 189-192, abr. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-161829

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Reportar un caso familiar de vitreorretinopatía exudativa familiar (VREF), con herencia autosómica dominante, identificado por el análisis molecular de FZD4. CASO CLÍNICO: El caso índice tiene 13 años y consulta por baja visión. Al examen de fondo de ojo se demuestran zonas periféricas avasculares y tracción macular, diagnosticándose VREF. El análisis molecular de FZD4 demuestra una mutación patológica en el paciente y en su madre asintomática. DISCUSIÓN: El presente caso familiar fue identificado mediante el análisis molecular de FZD4, y demuestra la importancia de explorar a los familiares de primer grado en los casos esporádicos de VREF


OBJECTIVE: To report a familial case of Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern identified with the molecular analysis of FZD4. CASE REPORT: The proband is a 13 year-old boy who consulted for low vision. Fundus examination revealed a peripheral avascular zone and macular dragging, consistent with FEVR. Molecular analysis demonstrated a mutation of FZD4 in DNA from both the patient and his asymptomatic mother. DISCUSSION: This familial case was identified with the molecular analysis of FZD4 and shows the importance to explore first degree relatives in a sporadic FEVR case


Assuntos
Humanos , Vitreorretinopatia Proliferativa/genética , Degeneração Macular Exsudativa/genética , Oftalmopatias Hereditárias/genética , Vasos Retinianos/fisiopatologia , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Angiofluoresceinografia
12.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(supl.3): s45-s48, 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-163055

RESUMO

Según la Comisión de Clasificación y Terminología de la Liga Internacional contra la Epilepsia (ILAE), el término ‘encefalopatía epiléptica’ refleja la noción de que la actividad epiléptica en sí misma puede contribuir a la génesis de graves discapacidades cognitivas o comportamentales, más allá de lo que sería de esperar de la patología subyacente a la epilepsia. No obstante, en muchos casos resulta difícil deslindar la contribución relativa de las crisis epilépticas y la causa subyacente en la génesis de los déficits cognitivos. Algunos síndromes epilépticos, como los de West, Lennox-Gastaut o Dravet, se asocian con una alta probabilidad de rasgos encefalopáticos. Las causas más frecuentes de encefalopatía epiléptica son la encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica, las malformaciones cerebrales, incluyendo las displasias corticales, las alteraciones cromosómicas o genéticas, la esclerosis tuberosa y las enfermedades metabólicas (AU)


According to the International League Against Epilepsy’s (ILAE) Commission on Classification and Terminology, the term ‘epileptic encephalopathy’ reflects the notion that epileptic activity in itself can contribute to the genesis of severe cognitive or behavioural disabilities, beyond what could be expected from the pathology underlying the epilepsy. However, in many cases it is difficult to define the boundary between the relative contribution of the epileptic seizures and the underlying cause in the genesis of cognitive deficits. Some epileptic syndromes, such as those of West, Lennox-Gastaut or Dravet, are associated to a high probability of encephalopathic traits. The most frequent causes of epileptic encephalopathy are hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, brain malformations, including cortical dysplasias, chromosomal or genetic disorders, tuberous sclerosis and metabolic diseases (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Encefalopatias/complicações , Epilepsia/complicações , Epilepsia/etiologia , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut/etiologia , Dieta Cetogênica , Epilepsia/classificação , Epilepsias Mioclônicas/complicações , Epilepsias Mioclônicas/etiologia , Espasmos Infantis/complicações , Desempenho Psicomotor
13.
Clín. investig. ginecol. obstet. (Ed. impr.) ; 43(4): 150-153, sept.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-156936

RESUMO

El cribado combinado temprano es el método actual de cribado más efectivo en la detección del síndrome de Down. Un aspecto esencial e imprescindible es su control de calidad. En este estudio hemos pretendido evaluar de forma retrospectiva el rendimiento del screening en nuestro hospital entre abril de 2010 y abril de 2013. Hemos obtenido una tasa de detección para síndrome de Down de un 84,21% para una tasa de falsos positivos del 2,66%. Seguidamente hemos evaluado la calidad de nuestras mediciones de la TN utilizando las medianas de los MoM, con una clara tendencia a la infraestimación. Tan solo el 30,4% de los ecografistas presentaban medianas de los MoM de la TN entre 0,9 y 1,1. Nuestra tasa de detección y tasa de falsos positivos se encuentran por debajo de los estándares marcados por la Fetal Medicine Foundation, y la causa se encuentra en la infraestimación de la TN. Sin embargo, sí se observa una tendencia a la mejora en la calidad a lo largo de los años y nuestros resultados son acordes con los de otras publicaciones. La conclusión que podemos extraer es la importancia de que cada centro lleve a cabo controles de calidad de forma periódica. Es esencial la formación y evaluación individual de los ecografistas para poder intervenir en caso de desviaciones importantes


Effective screening for Down syndrome can be provided in the first trimester of pregnancy. Quality assurance is an essential aspect of this first-trimester screening. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of first-trimester screening in our hospital from April 2010 through April 2013. We obtained an 84.21% detection rate for Down syndrome for a false positive rate of 2.66%. Subsequently, we evaluated the quality of our NT measurements by using the median nuchal translucency multiples of the median (MoM) and found systematic underestimation of NT. Only 30.4% of the sonographers reported median nuchal translucency MoM between 0.9 and 1.1. Our detection rate and false-positive rate were below the standards described by the Fetal Medicine Foundation. The cause was NT underestimation. Nevertheless, we observed a trend toward an improvement in the quality of NT measurements during the 3-year period. Our results are similar to those of other publications. The results of our study show the importance of quality assurance. Training and continual monitoring of data from individual sonographers are needed to ensure that measurements do not deviate


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Aneuploidia , Medição da Translucência Nucal/métodos , Síndrome de Down/diagnóstico , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Testes para Triagem do Soro Materno/métodos , Reações Falso-Positivas , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos
14.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 44(3): 257-162, mayo-jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-152082

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) represent a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterised by poor or absent function in one or more components of the immune system. Humoral or antibody immunodeficiencies are the most common form of PID, of which common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent symptomatic form. CVID is usually characterised by hypogammaglobulinaemia with poor antibody specificity, and an increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation. Fewer than 10% of CVID patients have a known monogenic basis. Several chromosomal abnormalities (chromosome 18q-syndrome, monosomy 22, trisomy 8 and trisomy 21) are currently identified as causes of hypogammaglobulinaemia, and can manifest with recurrent infections and mimic CVID. Methods; Review of clinical charts and laboratory results of paediatric patients followed in the outpatient clinic of PID with a diagnosis of genetic disease and humoral immunodeficiency. RESULTS: Three patients with different genetic diseases (19p13.3 deletion, a ring 18 chromosome and Kabuki syndrome), were identified. During follow-up, they developed signs and symptoms suggestive of humoral deficiency mimicking CVID, despite which immunoglobulin levels were quantified with considerable delay with respect to symptoms onset, and specific management was subsequently delayed. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with genetic abnormalities and recurrent infections should be evaluated for hypogammaglobulinaemia. An early diagnosis of humoral deficiency can allow treatment optimisation to prevent complications and sequelae


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Cromossomos Humanos Par 18/genética , Agamaglobulinemia/genética , Agamaglobulinemia/imunologia , Agamaglobulinemia/metabolismo , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Diagnóstico Precoce , Genética/instrumentação , Imunidade Humoral/genética , Imunidade Humoral/imunologia , Imunidade Humoral/fisiologia , Monossomia/genética , Monossomia/imunologia , Trissomia/genética , Trissomia/imunologia , Síndrome de Down/genética , Síndrome de Down/imunologia , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Fenitoína/efeitos adversos , Ácido Valproico/efeitos adversos , Espanha
16.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(6): 255-260, 16 sept., 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142561

RESUMO

Introducción. Los síndromes de microdeleción y microduplicación 3q29 se caracterizan por una marcada heterogeneidad fenotípica, y el retraso del desarrollo y la discapacidad intelectual de grado leve-moderado son las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes. Casos clínicos. Dos pacientes con aberraciones cromosómicas recíprocas en la región 3q29. La paciente con la microdeleción 3q29 presenta dificultades de aprendizaje, microcefalia límite, dismorfismo facial leve, déficit atencional e impulsividad, y rasgos ansiosos y obsesivos. El paciente con la microduplicación 3q29 recíproca presenta dificultades de aprendizaje, dismorfismo facial leve y un perfil conductual disruptivo no asociado previamente con esta duplicación. Conclusión. Se comparan los fenotipos de estos pacientes y se revisa la bibliografía de pacientes pediátricos con microdeleciones y microduplicaciones 3q29 (AU)


Introduction. The 3q29 microdeletion and microduplication syndromes are characterised by a marked phenotypic heterogeneity, and delayed development and a mild-moderate degree of intellectual disability are the most frequent clinical manifestations. Case reports. Two patients with reciprocal chromosomal aberrations in the 3q29 region. The patient with 3q29 microdeletion presented learning disabilities, borderline microcephaly, mild facial dysmorphism, attentional deficit and impulsiveness, and anxious and obsessive traits. The patient with reciprocal 3q29 microduplication presented learning disabilities, mild facial dysmorphism and a disruptive behavioural profile that was not previously associated with this duplication. Conclusions. The phenotypes of these patients are compared and the literature about paediatric patients with 3q29 microdeletions and microduplications is reviewed (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Deleção Cromossômica , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Deficiência Intelectual , Insuficiência de Crescimento , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Transtornos de Deficit da Atenção e do Comportamento Disruptivo , Genótipo , Fenótipo , Transtorno Autístico
17.
Rev. lab. clín ; 8(3): 102-108, jul.-sept. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-140741

RESUMO

Este artículo describe la eficacia diagnóstica del cribado prenatal combinado del primer trimestre para la detección de anomalías cromosómicas en el Hospital San Juan de la Cruz (Úbeda, Jaén), en el periodo 2010-2013, sobre una población de 4.503 embarazadas. La sensibilidad global obtenida fue del 81%, la especificidad fue de un 96,6%, el VPP 10%, el VPN 99,9% y la tasa global de falsos positivos del 3,38%. En el grupo de gestantes de más de 35 años la tasa de detección es del 92% y la tasa de falsos positivos del 9,01%, mientras que en el grupo de gestantes menores de 35 años la tasa de detección y de falsos positivos obtenida es de un 62,5% y un 1,9% respectivamente. Ante estos resultados, la realización de un screening contingente podría aumentar la tasa de detección entre la mujeres menores de 35 años, y por otro lado disminuir la tasa de falsos positivos en las mujeres de mayor edad, así como el número de pruebas invasivas (AU)


This article describes the diagnostic efficacy with the combined prenatal screening in the first trimester for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities, in the San Juan de la Cruz (Ubeda, Jaén) Hospital, in the period 2010-2013, in a population of 4503 pregnant. The sensitivity was 81%, the specificity was 96.6%, PPV 10%, NPV 99.9% and the false positive rate was 3.38%. The detection rate, in the group of pregnant women over 35 years, was 92% and false positive rate was 9.01%, while in the group of pregnant women under 35 years, the detection rate and false positives was 62.5% and 1.9% respectively. The realization of a contingent screening may increase the detection rate among women younger than 35 years and on the other hand decrease the false positive rate in older women as well as the number of invasive tests to realise (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/tendências , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Triagem Neonatal/normas , Triagem Neonatal/tendências , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez/fisiologia , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Triagem Neonatal/instrumentação , Triagem Neonatal/organização & administração , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transtornos Cromossômicos/diagnóstico
18.
Rev. lab. clín ; 8(3): 138-148, jul.-sept. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-140745

RESUMO

En los últimos 30 años se han desarrollado numerosas estrategias de cribado prenatal de aneuploidías mediante marcadores bioquímicos y/o ecográficos. En España no existió una política uniforme y global para el cribado prenatal hasta que, en 2005, la Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia (SEGO) recomendó descartar la EM avanzada como única indicación para realizar prueba invasiva y propuso implantar el test combinado en todo el territorio español. Sin embargo, no hay evidencias de que exista una estrategia común. Además, los recientes avances en tecnología genómica han abierto las puertas al desarrollo de nuevas estrategias de cribado basadas en el uso del ADN fetal en sangre materna. A la espera de evidencias objetivas sobre la eficacia de estas nuevas estrategias no invasivas en población de bajo riesgo, sería muy deseable conocer la eficacia de los cribados actuales para comparar con las estrategias futuras y, sobre todo, para tener en cuenta algunas recomendaciones recientes en nuestro país. El presente trabajo describe la situación actual del cribado prenatal de aneuploidías en España, mediante el análisis de los datos recogidos en un sondeo en el que participaron 97 centros públicos y privados que realizan cribado de cromosomopatías en nuestras comunidades autónomas. Con este estudio, el grupo de trabajo de Diagnóstico Prenatal de la SEQC pretende animar a la coordinación y el diálogo de todos los implicados en los procesos de cribado prenatal de aneuploidías, con vistas a consensuar los protocolos existentes en las distintas autonomías (AU)


During the last 30 years, numerous strategies for prenatal screening of aneuploidies have been developed using sonographic and biochemical markers. In Spain, there were no uniform and global prenatal screening strategies in the different autonomous communities until 2005, when the Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia (SEGO) recommended avoiding advanced maternal age as a unique indication for an invasive test and proposed the first trimester combined test implementation. However, there is no evidence yet that a uniform strategy exists. Moreover, the recent advances on genomics have open up the door to the development of new screening strategies based on using fetal DNA recovered from maternal blood. Waiting for objective evidences about the efficacy of these new non-invasive strategies in low-risk population, it would be desirable to know the efficacy of present screening programs to compare them with future strategies and, to pay attention to some recent recommendations in our country. The present work describes the present situation of prenatal screening of aneuploidies in Spain, by analysing data from a survey on 97 public and private centers envolved on chromosomopathies screening in our autonomic communities. With this study, the Prenatal Diagnosis workgroup of the SEQC aims to impulse the coordination and the dialog of all agents implicated into aneuploidies prenatal screening programs in order to achieve a consensued protocol along the different autonomies (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/instrumentação , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Triagem Neonatal/instrumentação , Triagem Neonatal , Biomarcadores/análise , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Síndrome de Down/diagnóstico , Aneuploidia , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/tendências , Trissomia/diagnóstico , Trissomia/genética , Enquete Socioeconômica
19.
Rev. bioét. derecho ; (n.extr): 293-305, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-146213

RESUMO

Los avances en genética seguidos de las nuevas tecnologías en la detección temprana de afecciones genéticas conllevan dilemas bioéticos sobre el uso adecuado de estas técnicas, la información que se le da a la mujer embarazada y la decisión que ella tomará al recibirla. Detectar a tiempo anomalías genéticas permite, en algunas ocasiones, el inicio de un tratamiento adecuado que permita que el niño por nacer no desarrolle una enfermedad discapacitante, como el caso de la fenilcetonuria, o una intervención quirúrgica para un feto con espina bífida, pero en caso que no se tenga ningún tratamiento disponible el aborto sigue siendo la última alternativa. Aunque para muchos cualquier tipo de aborto es eugenésico, esto es busca eliminar individuos no deseados, el objetivo de este artículo es revisar los diferentes tipos de aborto y diferenciar entre el aborto propiamente eugenésico del aborto terapéutico, del aborto con fines sociales o demográficos y del realizado por selección de sexo, para al final proponer que en ciertos casos el aborto eugenésico podría considerarse como bioéticamente aceptable (AU)


Advances in genetics followed by the new technologies in the early detection of genetic disorders involving bioethical dilemmas about the proper use of these techniques, the information given to pregnant women and the decision that she will take to receive it. Early detection of genetic abnormalities allow, in some cases, the initiation of appropriate treatment to allow the unborn child does not develop a disabling disease, as the case of phenylketonuria, or surgery for a fetus with spina bifida, but If you do not have any treatment available abortion remains the last alternative. Although for many, any type of abortion is eugenics, that is seeking to eliminate unwanted individuals, the aim of this paper is to review the different types of abortion and the difference between eugenic abortion, therapeutic abortion, abortion for social or demographic ends and Sex‐selection made for the for the final proposal that in some cases eugenic abortion could be considered acceptable for bioethics (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico , Aborto Eugênico/ética , Discriminação Social/ética , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Testes Genéticos , Eugenia (Ciência)/legislação & jurisprudência , Diagnóstico Precoce
20.
Dynamis (Granada) ; 35(2): 333-358, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-144230

RESUMO

The transnational approach of the science and technology studies (S&TS) abandons the nation as a unit of analysis in order to understand the development of science history. It also abandons Euro-US-centred narratives in order to explain the role of international collaborative networks and the circulation of knowledge, people, artefacts and scientific practices. It is precisely under this perspective that the development of genetics and radiobiology in Mexico shall be analyzed, together with the pioneering work of the Mexican physician-turnedgeneticist Alfonso León de Garay who spent two years in the Galton Laboratory in London under the supervision of Lionel Penrose. Upon his return de Garay funded the Genetics and Radiobiology Program of the National Commission of Nuclear Energy based on local needs and the aim of working beyond geographical limitations to thus facilitate the circulation of knowledge, practices and people. The three main lines of research conducted in the years after its foundation that were in line with international projects while responding to the national context were, first, cytogenetic studies of certain abnormalities, and the cytogenetics and anthropological studies of the Olympic Games held in Mexico in 1968; second, the study of the effects of radiation on hereditary material; and third, the study of population genetics in Drosophila and in Mexican indigenous groups. The program played a key role in reshaping the scientific careers of Mexican geneticists, and in transferring locally sourced research into broader networks. This case shows the importance of international collaborative networks and circulation in the constitution of national scientific elites, and also shows the national and transnational concerns that shaped local practices (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
História do Século XIX , Rede Social/história , Radiobiologia/ética , Radiobiologia/história , Radiobiologia/legislação & jurisprudência , Citogenética/métodos , Energia Nuclear/história , Radiobiologia/instrumentação , Radiobiologia/tendências , Genética/história , Aberrações Cromossômicas , /métodos , Academias e Institutos/história , Academias e Institutos/organização & administração , Academias e Institutos/normas , México/epidemiologia
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...