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1.
Int. microbiol ; 27(1): 291-301, Feb. 2024. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-230261

RESUMO

To address soil salinization and its impact on crop production, microbial desalination cells (MDCs) offer a promising solution. These bioelectrochemical systems integrate desalination and wastewater treatment through microbial activity. A halotolerant beneficial bacterial strain called Citrobacter sp. strain KUT (CKUT) was isolated from India’s salt desert Run of Kutch, Gujrat, highlighting its potential application in combating soil salinization. CKUT exhibits high salt tolerance and has the ability to produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) at a concentration of 0.04 mg/ml. It forms biofilm that enable it to withstand up to 10% NaCl concentration. Additionally, CKUT shows promise in remediating salinity levels, reducing it from 4.5 to 2.7 gL−1. These characteristics are driven by biofilm formation and EPS production. In an experiment where V. radiata L. seedlings were inoculated with CKUT, the treated plants exhibited enhanced chlorophyll content, growth, and overall plant characteristics compared to seedlings treated with sodium chloride (NaCl). These improvements included increased shoot length (150 mm), root length (40 mm), and biomass. This indicates that CKUT treatment has the potential to enhance the suitability of V. radiata and other crops for cultivation in saline lands, effectively addressing the issue of soil salinization. Furthermore, integrating CKUT into microbial desalination cells (MDCs) offers an opportunity for freshwater production from seawater, contributing to sustainable agriculture by promoting improved crop growth and increased yield in areas prone to salinity.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Polifenóis , Biofilmes , Dessalinização , Estresse Salino , Citrobacter , Solo/química , Microbiologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Microbiologia do Solo , Cloreto de Sódio , Tolerância ao Sal , Salinidade
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 40(5): 967-974, SEPTIEMBRE-OCTUBRE, 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226297

RESUMO

Background and purpose: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has multifunctional health benefits. We evaluated theeffects of low-sodium salt applied to Chinese modified DASH diet on arterial stiffness in older patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes.Methods: sixty-one older adults with hypertension and type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to low sodium salt group (n = 31) or normalsodium salt group (n = 30). They were given the Chinese modified DASH diet plus low-sodium salt (52 % sodium chloride) or same diet plusregular salt (99 % sodium chloride) for eight weeks, respectively. Brachial and ankle pulse wave conduction velocity, ankle brachial index andatherosclerosis-related indices were measured at baseline and week 8. In addition, 24-hour urine and blood samples were measured at baseline,the 4th week and the end of the intervention.Results: as compared with the baseline, the low sodium salt group significantly decreased in ankle brachial index (-0.09 ± 0.11, p < 0.001)and brachial and ankle pulse wave conduction velocity (-133.07 ± 265.99 cm/s, p = 0.010) at week 8 while the normal sodium salt group onlydecreased significantly in ankle brachial index (-0.06 ± 0.12, p = 0.010) at week 8.Conclusion: the low-sodium salt applied to Chinese modified DASH diet may improve arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension and type 2diabetes. Further research with an extended follow-up is needed. (AU)


Antecedentes y propósito: la dieta DASH (del inglés Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) tiene beneficios multifuncionales para la salud.Evaluamos los efectos de una sal baja en sodio aplicada a la versión modificada china de la dieta DASH sobre la rigidez arterial en pacientesmayores con hipertensión y diabetes tipo 2.Métodos: sesenta y un adultos mayores con hipertensión arterial y diabetes tipo 2 fueron asignados al azar al grupo de sal baja en sodio (n= 31) o al grupo de sal con contenido normal de sodio (n = 30). Se les administró la versión china modificada de la dieta DASH más sal bajaen sodio (52 % de cloruro de sodio) o la misma dieta más sal con la cantidad normal de sodio (99 % cloruro de sodio) durante ocho semanas,respectivamente. Se midieron la velocidad de onda de pulso brazo-tobillo, el índice brazo-tobillo y los índices relacionados con la aterosclerosis alinicio del estudio y a la semana 8. Se recogieron muestras de orina y sangre de 24 horas al inicio, a la cuarta semana y al final de la intervención.Resultados: en comparación con el estado inicial, el grupo de sal baja en sodio disminuyó significativamente el índice brazo-tobillo (-0,09 ±0,11, p < 0,001) y la velocidad de onda de pulso brazo-tobillo (-133,07 ± 265,99 cm/s, p = 0,010) en la semana 8, mientras que el grupode sal con contenido normal de sodio solo disminuyó significativamente en el índice brazo-tobillo (-0,06 ± 0,12, p = 0,010) en la semana 8.Conclusión: la sal baja en sodio aplicada a la versión china modificada de la dieta DASH puede mejorar la rigidez arterial en pacientes conhipertensión y diabetes tipo 2. Se necesitan más investigaciones con un seguimiento prolongado. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Cloreto de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Abordagens Dietéticas para Conter a Hipertensão , Dieta Hipossódica , Rigidez Vascular
3.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 55(1): 102513-102513, Ene. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-214189

RESUMO

Objetivo: La ingesta excesiva de sal se asocia a mayores cifras de tensión arterial y prevalencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares. La OMS recomienda consumir menos de 5 g/día de sal (equivalente a 2 g de Na+/día). Identificar alimentos y comportamientos con mayor contribución al exceso de aporte facilitaría el consejo dietético preventivo. Diseño: Estudio observacional. Sitio: Centro de Salud Urbano en Cáceres. Medidas principales: Estimamos el consumo de sal mediante dos cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos (CFA), uno genérico y otro con alimentos con elevado contenido en Na+, y encuesta recordatoria de 24 h. Empleamos el programa Evalfinut para la valoración nutricional de la dieta. Analizamos correlaciones entre ingesta estimada de sal y eliminación de sodio en orina de 24 h (gold standard). Resultados: El 92% de la muestra presenta consumos superiores a las recomendaciones con ingestas equivalentes a 9,5 g/día de sal (3,7 g/día de Na+). Cuando la ingesta de sodio se determina por el cociente Na+/K+, el 79,54% tiene ingestas elevadas. La eliminación de sodio sigue una tendencia ligeramente creciente con el IMC. La percepción de consumo de sal es baja, el 56,3% lo considera «adecuado»; el 32,4% añade sal a los alimentos una vez servidos. Los CFA infraestiman la ingesta de Na+ y encuestas dirigidas aportan valores más elevados. La correlación entre CFA y eliminación urinaria de Na+ es débil. Conclusión: Debemos reducir la ingesta de sal aumentando la percepción del consumo, mejorando el conocimiento sobre el contenido de sal en alimentos e identificando a pacientes diana del consejo sanitario.(AU)


Objective: Excessive salt intake is associated with higher levels of AHT and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. WHO recommends consuming less than 5 g/day of salt (equivalent to 2 g Na+/day). Identifying foods and behaviours with greater contribution to excess intake would facilitate preventive dietary advice. Design: Observational study. Site: Urban Health Center in Cáceres. Main measurements: We estimated salt consumption using two food consumption frequency (FFQ) questionnaires, one generic and one with high Na+ content, and a 24 h follow-up survey. We use the Evalfinut program for nutritional evaluation of the diet. We analyzed correlations between estimated salt intake and 24-h urine sodium elimination (gold standard). Results: 92% of the population had consumption higher than the recommendations with intakes equivalent to 9.5 g/day of salt (3.7 g/d of Na+). When sodium intake is determined by the Na+/K+ ratio, 79.54% have high intakes. Sodium elimination follows a slightly increasing trend with BMI. The perception of salt consumption is low, 56.3% consider it “adequate”. 32.4% add salt to food once served. FFQ underestimate Na+ intake and targeted surveys provide higher values. The correlation between FFQ and Na+ urinary elimination is weak. Conclusion: We must reduce salt intake by increasing the perception of consumption, improving knowledge about the salt content in food and identifying target patients of the health council.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Sódio , Cloreto de Sódio , Dieta , Urina , 24457 , População Urbana , Inquéritos e Questionários , Atenção Primária à Saúde
4.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 51(6): 76-82, 2023. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-227315

RESUMO

Upper respiratory infections are widespread, and they are mainly of viral etiology. It has to be remarked that every infection is always associated with an inflammatory response. Inflammation implicates a cascade of bothersome symptoms, including fever, pain (headache, myalgia, and arthralgia), malaise, and respiratory complaints. As a result, anti-inflammatory medications could be beneficial as they act on different pathogenetic pathways. The ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) has a potent anti-inflammatory activity associated with effective analgesic and antipyretic effects and has a valuable safety profile. However, adolescents present peculiar psychological characteristics that determine their difficulty to be managed. In this regard, an adolescent with a respiratory infection requires a prompt and adequate cure. KLS, thanks to its pharmacologic profile, could be favorably used in this regard. A recent primary-care experience outlined its effectiveness in this issue (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Cetoprofeno/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Cloreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico
5.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 28(3): 1-10, jul.-sept. 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-211119

RESUMO

Fundamentos: Es importante comprometer a los chefs, actores principales en la producción de comidas, enestudios exploratorios de comportamientos para formular intervenciones efectivas para promover unaalimentación saludable en las universidades. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los conocimientos yprácticas de los cocineros asociados a la sal.Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal con manipuladores de alimentos de comedores de universidadespúblicas del norte de Portugal (PT) y España (SP) mediante cuestionario para evaluar los conocimientos y prácticasasociados al uso de sal.Resultados: Un total de 36 manipuladores de alimentos (12 de PT y 24 de SP) completaron la encuesta. Losmanipuladores de alimentos SP eran significativamente más jóvenes (p = 0,034) y la mayoría de los sujetos eranmujeres. La mayoría reconoció el nivel recomendado de ingesta diaria de sal y conocía los impactos en la salud delconsumo excesivo. El factor más importante que determinó la cantidad de sal agregada a las comidas fue el gustodel manipulador de alimentos y la mayoría estaba de acuerdo con la reducción de sal. La principal dificultad en lareducción de la sal fue la opinión del consumidor. La mayoría tenía interés en la inclusión de tecnología o nuevasherramientas para ayudar a la medición de la sal. El componente de la comida más adecuado para la reducción desal fue la sopa (PT) y las ensaladas (SP) (p = 0,013).Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio proporcionan información valiosa sobre los muchos factores queinfluyen en el uso de la sal y las opiniones de los chefs con respecto a las posibilidades de reducción de la sal. Estaencuesta podría ser un primer paso en el desarrollo de estrategias para hacer que las comidas en los comedoresuniversitarios sean más saludables. (AU)


Background: It is important to involve chefs, the main players in the production of meals, in exploratory studies ofbehaviours to formulate effective interventions to promote healthy eating at universities. Therefore, the aim of thisstudy were to assess the knowledge and practices of chefs associated with salt.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with food handlers from canteens from north of Portugal (PT) and Spain(SP) public universities by questionnaire to assess the knowledge and practices associated with salt usage.Results: A total of 36 food handlers (12 from PT and 24 from SP) completed the survey. The SP food handlers weresignificantly younger (p=0.034), and the majority of subjects were female. The majority recognized therecommended level of daily salt intake and knew health impacts of excessive consumption. The biggest factor thatdetermined the quantity of salt added to meals was the taste of food handler and the majority agreed with saltreduction. The main difficulty in salt reduction was the opinion of the consumer. The majority has interest in theinclusion of technology or new tools to help the salt measurement. The component of the meal more suitable tosalt reduction was the soup (PT) and salads (SP) (p=0.013).Conclusions: The results of this study provide valuable insight into the many factors that influence salt usage andthe opinions of chefs regarding salt reduction possibilities. This survey could be a first step in the development ofstrategies for bringing university canteen meals more healthy. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Promoção da Saúde , Cloreto de Sódio , Dieta Saudável , Estudos Transversais , Portugal , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 159(3): 139-146, agosto 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-206644

RESUMO

La hiponatremia es el trastorno electrolítico más frecuente en pacientes hospitalizados y el síndrome de secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética (SIADH), la causa más frecuente de hiponatremia con volumen extracelular clínicamente normal. Se trata de un trastorno de la regulación del agua corporal que obedece a diferentes causas, entre las que destacan las neoplasias, las enfermedades pulmonares, los trastornos del sistema nervioso central y diversos fármacos. Como en cualquier hiponatremia, es importante un conocimiento fisiológico de la regulación del agua y del sodio corporal y aplicar unos criterios diagnósticos precisos de cara a un tratamiento eficaz. Los datos disponibles hasta el momento demuestran que el diagnóstico clínico de SIADH realizado por profesionales no se sustenta sobre los criterios establecidos por expertos y esta carencia probablemente impacta en los resultados terapéuticos. La base del tratamiento del SIADH es corregir su causa, la restricción hídrica con el aporte de solutos (cloruro sódico) y el uso de vaptanes en caso de falta de respuesta a las medidas anteriores. (AU)


Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolytic disorder in hospitalized patients, and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), the most frequent cause of hiponatremia with clinically normal extracellular volume. It consists of a disorder of the regulation of body water that obeys to different causes, mainly cancer, pulmonary illnesses, disorders of the central nervous system and diverse drugs. As in any hiponatremia it a physiological knowledge of the regulation of body water and sodium is essential as well as the application of precise diagnostic criteria in order to manage the problem with an effective treatment. The available data until the moment show that the clinical diagnosis of SIADH made by professionals is mainly not supported on the established criteria drawn by experts and this lack of accuracy probably hits in the therapeutic result. The basis of the treatment of the SIADH is to correct its cause, water restriction, solutes (sodium chloride) and the use of vaptans in case of failure of the previous measures. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hiponatremia/diagnóstico , Hiponatremia/etiologia , Hiponatremia/terapia , Sódio , Cloreto de Sódio , Vasopressinas/uso terapêutico
7.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 39(2): 63-72, 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-191595

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los alimentos destinados a las personas que padecen disfagia son preparados con productos que modifican la viscosidad de forma que al ser ingeridos puedan ser más seguros. OBJETIVO: Establecer la interacción entre el cloruro sódico y el cloruro cálcico con tres espesantes de origen vegetal. MÉTODOS: Se determinó el comportamiento de tres espesantes: Resource(R), Densiter(R) (de primera gama) y ViscoInstant(R) (segunda gama). Se procedió a determinar la relación entre la viscosidad y la concentración de espesante a distintas temperaturas utilizando como disolvente agua destilada, preparada "in situ", a partir de agua desionizada. Los valores de la viscosidad de las distintas muestras, expresados en cP, fueron determinados inmediatamente después de ser preparadas, homogeneizadas y estabilizadas térmicamente. Una vez determinado el valor de este parámetro, las muestras se guardaron a 4ºC en el interior de un refrigerador y se repitió el proceso pasadas 24 horas. RESULTADOS: Las concentraciones seleccionadas de cloruro sódico y cloruro cálcico fueron: 0,5%; 2,5%; 9%; 27% I 36% mientras que las concentraciones de los espesantes fueron: 0,5%; 1%; 3%; 4%; 5% I 6%. Hasta una concentración del 1% los tres espesantes presentaron un comportamiento newtoniano. A partir de concentraciones superiores, las muestras recién preparadas se comportaron como un fluido no newtoniano. Pasado el periodo de reposo, todas las muestras presentaron comportamiento newtoniano. CONCLUSIÓN: La presencia de cloruro sódico y de cloruro cálcico modifica el comportamiento de los tres espesantes seleccionados, afectando al control del grado de consistencia deseado


INTRODUCTION: Food for people with Dysphagia is prepared with products that modify viscosity so that they can be safer when ingested. OBJECTIVE: To establish the interaction between sodium chloride and calcium chloride with three vegetable thickeners. METHODS: The behaviour of three thickeners was determined: Resource(R), Densiter(R) (of the first range) and ViscoInstant(R) (second range). The relationship between viscosity and thickener concentration at different temperatures was determined using distilled water, prepared "in situ", from deionized water as a solvent. The viscosity values of the different samples, expressed in cP, were determined immediately after being prepared, homogenized and thermally stabilized. Once the value of this parameter was determined, the samples were stored at 4ºC inside a refrigerator and the process was repeated after 24 hours. RESULTS: The selected concentrations of sodium chloride and calcium chloride were: 0.5%; 2.5%; 9%; 27% and 36% while the concentrations of the thickeners were: 0.5%; 1%; 3%; 4%; 5% and 6%. Up to a concentration of 1%, the three thickeners presented a Newtonian behavior. From higher concentrations, the freshly prepared samples behaved as a non-Newtonian fluid. After the resting period, all samples showed Newtonian behaviour. CONCLUSION: The presence of both sodium chloride and calcium chloride modifies the behavior of the three selected thickeners, affecting the control of the desired degree of consistency


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos de Deglutição , Espessantes , Cloreto de Cálcio/farmacologia , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Viscosidade/efeitos dos fármacos
8.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 39(2): 104-110, 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-191601

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El control no farmacológico de los pacientes hipertensos debe ser evaluado pues ha demostrado ser beneficioso junto con el tratamiento farmacológico. No se conoce como es la autopercepción de consumo de sal en grupos hipertensos peruanos. OBJETIVO: Determinar la asociación entre percepción de consumo de sal en la dieta e hipertensión arterial en pobladores peruanos. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal analítico, mediante la entrevista de datos auto-reportados de la percepción de consumo de sal y el diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial, así como otras co-variables de interés. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) utilizando modelos lineales generalizados, familia Poisson, y usando ciudad como cluster. RESULTADOS: De 4263 participantes, el 63.1% fueron mujeres y la mediana de edades fue 42 años. El 53.3% manifestó que consumía regular o mucha sal en su dieta. En regresión múltiple, se evidenció asociación positiva entre la percepción del consumo de sal e hipertensión arterial (RP:1.56, IC95%:1.29-1.89, p < 0.001). También resultaron asociadas positivamente la edad en años (RP:1.03, IC95%:1.03-1.04, p < 0.001), presentar infrapeso (RP:1.51, IC95%:1.24-1.84, p < 0.001) y sobrepeso (RP:2.29, IC95%:1.80-2.92, p < 0.001), padecer de diabetes (RP:1.36, IC95%:1.14-1.61, p < 0.001) e hipercolesterolemia (RP:1.56, IC95%:1.40-1.75, p < 0.001). El sexo femenino (RP:0.91, IC95%:0.83-0.99, p = 0.027) y raza china (RP:1.72e-05, IC95%:2.36e-06-1.25e-04, p < 0.001) se asociaron negativamente. CONCLUSIÓN: Más de la mitad percibió consumir regular o mucha sal en su dieta pero la prevalencia de hipertensión fue baja. La percepción de poco consumo de sal fue frecuente en el grupo de hipertensos


INTRODUCTION: Non-pharmacological control of hypertensive patients should be evaluated as it has been shown to be beneficial along with pharmacological treatment. It is not known how is self-perception of salt consumption in Peruvian hypertensive groups. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between perception of salt consumption in the diet and arterial hypertension in Peruvian residents. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study, through the interview of self-reported data on the perception of salt consumption and the diagnosis of arterial hypertension, as well as other co-variables of interest. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using generalized linear models, Poisson family, and using the city as a cluster. RESULTS: Of 4263 participants, 63.1% were women and the median age was 42 years.53.3% said they consumed regular or a lot of salt in their diet. In multiple regression, there was a positive association between the perception of salt consumption and arterial hypertension (RP: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.29-1.89, p <0.001). Age was also positively associated in years (RP: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.03-1.04, p <0.001), underweight (RP: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.24-1.84, p <0.001) and overweight (RP: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.80-2.92, p <0.001), suffer from diabetes (RP: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.14-1.61, p <0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (RP: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.40-1.75, p <0.001). Female sex (RP: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83-0.99, p = 0.027) and Chinese race (RP: 1.72e-05, 95% CI: 2.36e-06-1.25e-04, p <0.001) were negatively associated . CONCLUSION: More than half perceived regular or high salt intake in their diet but the prevalence of hypertension was low. The perception of low salt intake was frequent in the hypertensive group


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/etiologia , Cloreto de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Cloreto de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Estudos Transversais , Entrevistas como Assunto , Peru/epidemiologia
9.
Endocrinol. diabetes nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(8): 458-467, oct. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-176288

RESUMO

El yodo es un componente esencial de las hormonas tiroideas y su déficit es la causa principal de retraso mental prevenible en el mundo. España ha sido considera yododeficiente hasta 2003. A pesar de que desde 2004, la yoduria está en rango óptimo, la OMS reconoce que no se cumplen los requisitos necesarios para garantizar que la población no pueda sufrir un trastorno por déficit de yodo. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de la situación nacional de este micronutriente. Los datos obtenidos en diversos estudios destacan el bajo consumo domiciliario de sal yodada. A pesar de los avances conseguidos en las últimas décadas, los niños españoles no están exentos de sufrir un trastorno por déficit de yodo. Es necesario, por tanto, implementar políticas que permitan controlar la nutrición yódica así como impulsar el consumo de sal yodada de manera universal


Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones, and iodine deficit is the leading cause of preventable mental retardation worldwide. Spain was considered iodine-deficient until 2003. Although iodine urinary levels have been in the optimal range in Spain since 2004, the WHO recognizes that our country does not meet the necessary requirements to ensure that the whole population is not at risk of an iodine deficiency disorder. The aim of this article is to review the current iodine status in Spain. Data from several studies emphasize the low consumption of iodized salt at home. Despite the progress made in recent decades, Spanish children are not exempt from suffering an iodine deficiency disorder. Policies that allow for controlling iodine nutrition and promote universal consumption of iodized salt should therefore be implemented


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Deficiência de Iodo/complicações , Iodo/administração & dosagem , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Iodo/diagnóstico , Deficiência de Iodo/prevenção & controle , Nutrição da Criança/educação , Cloreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Espanha/epidemiologia
10.
Hipertens. riesgo vasc ; 35(3): 130-135, jul.-sept. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-180568

RESUMO

Existen numerosas evidencias tanto epidemiológicas como experimentales que demuestran la existencia de una relación entre el consumo de sal y las cifras de presión arterial. Los individuos tienen distintos grados de susceptibilidad al efecto presor de la sal, fenómeno que se conoce como sensibilidad a la sal. El fenómeno del incremento o no modificación de las cifras de presión arterial al pasar de una dieta pobre en sal a otra rica ha llevado a acuñar los conceptos de sensibilidad o resistencia a la sal. Clásicamente se ha aceptado la teoría de Guyton del fenómeno de natriuresis por presión para explicar este efecto, así como, el papel fundamental que desempeñan las distintas proteínas transportadoras de sodio de los túbulos renales. En los últimos años, hay trabajos que cuestionan esta teoría y apuntan al posible papel del sistema inmune y de un tercer almacén de sodio en el organismo como factores etiopatogénicos


Abundant evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies has established a link between salt and blood pressure. However, there is heterogeneity in the blood pressure responses of humans to changes in sodium intake. Those individuals in whom a severe, abrupt change in salt intake causes the least change in arterial pressure and are termed salt-resistant, whereas in those in whom this leads to large changes in blood pressure, are called salt sensitive. Classically, Guyton's theory of the pressure-natriuresis phenomenon has been accepted to explain the pressor effect of salt, as well as the fundamental role played by the different protein sodium transporters of the renal tubules. In recent years, new theories have emerged pointing to the possible role of the immune system and the existence of a third sodium store in the body as aetiopathogenic factors


Assuntos
Humanos , Pressão Arterial , Dieta Hipossódica/métodos , Cloreto de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Fatores de Risco
11.
Hipertens. riesgo vasc ; 35(3): 136-141, jul.-sept. 2018. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-180569

RESUMO

In literature, since many decades, it is often believed and condoned that excessive common salt (Nacl) ingestion can lead to hypertension. Hence, every health organisation, agencies and physicians have been advising salt restriction to hypertensive patients. However, there is no concrete evidence suggesting that salt restriction can reduce the risk of hypertension (HTN). The present article is based on the current literature search which was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar and PubMed. The meta-analysis, randomised control trials, clinical trials and review articles were chosen. The present review article suggests that consumption of high salt diet does not lead to hypertension and there are other factors which can lead to hypertension, sugar and fats being the main reasons. Salt can however lead to addiction and generally, these salty food items have a larger proportion of sugar and fats, which if over-consumed has a potential to cause obesity, hyperlipidaemia and subsequently, hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. Hence, through the present review, I would like to suggest all the physicians to ask the hypertensive patients to cut down the intake of sugar and fat containing food items and keep a check on addiction of salty food items


En la literatura, desde hace décadas, ha existido la creencia, y se ha justificado a menudo, que la ingesta excesiva de sal (NaCl) puede originar hipertensión. Por ello, cada organización y agencia sanitaria, al igual que los médicos, han recomendado la restricción del consumo de sal a los pacientes hipertensos. Sin embargo, no existe evidencia concreta acerca de que la restricción del consumo de sal pueda reducir el riesgo de hipertensión. El presente artículo se basa en la búsqueda en la literatura actual, realizada en MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar y PubMed. Se seleccionaron metaanálisis, ensayos controlados aleatorios, ensayos clínicos y artículos de revisión. El presente artículo de revisión sugiere que el consumo de una dieta rica en sal no origina hipertensión, y que existen otros factores que pueden dar lugar a dicha situación, como son el azúcar y las grasas. Sin embargo, la sal puede causar adicción y consumo excesivo de los mismos productos alimenticios con contenido de azúcares y grasas, originando obesidad, hiperlipidemia y, por añadidura, hipertensión y otros trastornos cardiovasculares. En consecuencia, a través de la presente revisión, nos gustaría sugerir a todos los médicos que soliciten a los pacientes hipertensos la reducción del consumo de alimentos con contenido de azúcares y grasas, y revisar la adicción a los productos alimenticios con alto contenido en sal


Assuntos
Humanos , Testes de Hipótese , Hipertensão/etiologia , Comportamento Aditivo , Dieta Hipossódica , Cloreto de Sódio , Açúcares , Gorduras , Carboidratos
12.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 38(4): 196-203, 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Português | IBECS | ID: ibc-180171

RESUMO

Introdução: A alimentação escolar deve estimular hábitos alimentares saudáveis e precisa ser saborosa e adequada para cada faixa etária, visando o crescimento, desenvolvimento, aprendizagem e assegurando a segurança alimentar e nutricional dessa população. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou determinar a qualidade nutricional de refeições ofertadas a estudantes de estabelecimentos de ensino municipal, que se encontram na modalidade de ensino integral e comparar com a legislação vigente. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, onde foram avaliadas as refeições ofertadas durante uma semana aos escolares. Os alimentos foram quantificados em relação à energia, macronutrientes e sódio. O índice glicêmico diário e a carga glicêmica diária foram obtidos por equação. O teor de sódio também foi analisado pelo método de cloretos por volumetria. Os resultados foram comparados com as recomendações nutricionais para crianças segundo a ingestão dietética recomendada. Resultados: O cardápio de uma semana avaliado apresentou média de 822,9±218,6 kcal, 15,9±2,1g de proteína, 14,7±17,1g de lipídios, 156,8±19,7g de carboidratos, 16,2±1,9g de fibras, 77% de índice glicêmico diário e 108% de carga glicêmica diária. O teor de sódio teórico foi de 2208,9±248,5mg e o analisado de 1869,0±186,0mg, sendo considerado 24,6 a 55,7% superior as recomendações dietéticas diárias. Conclusão: O cardápio ofertado aos escolares ficou inadequado em energia, proteínas, tipo e quantidade de carboidratos e em sódio e necessita de revisão dietética a fim de proporcionar uma alimentação saudável às crianças


Introduction: School feeding should stimulate healthy eating habits and must be tasty and adequate for each age group, aiming at growth, development, learning and ensuring food and nutritional security of this population. Objective: This study aimed to determine the nutritional quality of meals offered to students of municipal schools, which are in the mode of integral education and compare with current legislation. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study, where the meals offered during a week was evaluated to the students. Foods were quantified in relation to energy, macronutrients and sodium. Daily glycemic index and daily glycemic load were quantified by equation. The sodium content was also analyzed by the volumetric chlorides method. The results were compared with the nutritional recommendations for children according to the recommended dietary intake. Results: The evaluated one week menu presented a mean of 822.9 ± 218.6 kcal, 15.9 ± 2.1 g protein, 14.7 ± 17.1 g lipids, 156.8 ± 19.7 g carbohydrates, 16.2 ± 1.9 g fiber, 77% daily glycemic index and 108% daily glycemic load. The theoretical sodium content was 2208.9 ± 248.5 mg and the analyzed was 1869.0 ± 186.0 mg, being 24.6 to 55.7% higher than the daily dietary recommendations. Conclusion: The menu offered to schoolchildren was inadequate in energy, protein, type and quantity of carbohydrates and sodium and requires dietary revision in order to provide a healthy diet for children


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Alimentação Escolar/classificação , Carboidratos da Dieta/análise , Necessidades Nutricionais , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Ingestão de Energia , Estudos Transversais , Planejamento de Cardápio/métodos , Sódio na Dieta/análise , Cloreto de Sódio/análise
13.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 38(1): 32-35, 2018. tab
Artigo em Português | IBECS | ID: ibc-175400

RESUMO

Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo de sal nas preparações servidas no almoço de um restaurante universitário no município de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Foram realizadas pesagens por cinco dias não consecutivos da quantidade total de sal utilizado (uma pesagem antes de iniciar o preparo, e outra, após o seu término) nas preparações do prato principal (tipo de carne), prato vegetariano, arroz, feijão, guarnição e molho para salada. O cálculo do per capita de consumo de sal foi baseado na quantidade de sal consumida dividida pelo número de pessoas que realizaram o almoço nos dias da coleta de dados. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados de forma descritiva e comparados com a recomendação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) de consumo per capita diário de sal (5g/dia). Resultados: Observou-se que em 60,0% dos dias avaliados o consumo per capita de sal foi superior ao recomendado pela OMS. Discussão: O sal é um fator de risco relevante para o surgimento de algumas Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNTs) prevalentes na população brasileira e mundial, como a hipertensão arterial e a insuficiência renal. Assim, pode-se inferir que os usuários deste restaurante têm um fator de predisposição ao surgimento de alguma DCNT no futuro. Conclusão: Torna-se imprescindível por meio de campanhas educativas e capacitação dos manipuladores de alimentos desse restaurante universitário, a redução do consumo de sal durante o preparo das refeições, a fim de prevenir o surgimento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis


Objective: To evaluate salt intake in the preparations served at a university restaurant in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: Weighings were carried out for five consecutive days of the total amount of salt used (one weighing before beginning the preparation, and the other one after its completion) in the main course preparations (meat type), vegetarian dish, rice, beans, Garnish and salad dressing. The per capita calculation of salt consumption was based on the amount of salt consumed divided by the number of people who lunched on the days of data collection. The results obtained were analyzed descriptively and compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) daily per capita consumption of salt (5 g/day). Results: It was observed that in 60.0% of the evaluated days the per capita consumption of salt was superior to that recommended by the WHO. Discussion: Salt is a relevant risk factor for the development of some chronic non communicable diseases (NCDs) prevalent in the Brazilian and world population, such as hypertension and renal failure. Thus, it can be inferred that the users of this restaurant have a predisposing factor to the appearance of some DCNT in the future. Conclusion: It is essential, through educational campaigns and training of the food handlers of this university restaurant, to reduce the consumption of salt during meals, in order to prevent the onset of chronic non communicable diseases


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Sódio na Dieta/análise , Cloreto de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Alimentação Coletiva , Restaurantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Epidemiologia Descritiva
14.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 23(2): 0-0, abr.-jun. 2017. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-165922

RESUMO

Fundamentos: El yodo es un mineral imprescindible para el normal funcionamiento del organismo humano. La ingesta de yodo, la mayoría de las veces, es totalmente dependiente de los alimentos elegidos en la dieta diaria cuando no se hace uso de la sal yodada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar el uso de sal yodada en los hogares con niños en edad escolar de entre 6 y 12 años. Métodos: A través de una encuesta nutricional, dirigida a padres que respondían acerca de los hábitos alimentarios de sus hijos, se pudo obtener la información correspondiente. Sobre una población total de 312 niños que cursaban primaria en diferentes colegios de la ciudad de Valencia (España), se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal del cual se obtuvo una muestra de 245 cuestionarios, recogidos entre junio y diciembre de 2012. Resultados: El 47,6% de los hogares siempre utilizaban algún tipo de sal yodada sin combinar con sal común, mientras el 15,38% de los hogares consumían tanto sal común como algún tipo de sal yodada. Conclusiones: Cerca de la mitad de los hogares hacen uso de la sal yodada, de esta manera pueden beneficiarse de las propiedades que este mineral aporta a la dieta y evitar las importantes enfermedades que la carencia de este mineral provoca en las personas (AU)


Background: Iodine is an essential mineral for the normal function of the human organism. When iodized salt is not employed, the consumption- on most occasions - depends entirely on the foods chosen in the daily diet .The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of iodized salt in households of children between 6 and 12 years of age. Methods: By using a nutritional questionnaire completed by parents about their child’s eating habits, the corresponding information was obtained. In a total population of 312 children from various primary schools in the city of Valencia (Spain), an observational, descriptive cross-study was carried out. The result of which was an exhibit of 245 questionnaires gathered between June and December of 2012. Results: 47, 6% of households always and only use iodized salt whilst 15, 38% of households consume both iodized and non-iodized salt. Conclusions: Almost half of the households employ iodized salt, therefore benefiting from the properties of this mineral and avoiding the serious illnesses which the lack of the mineral can provoke.the Mediterranean diet and also a moderate physical activity, being greater among boys and younger (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Compostos de Iodo/administração & dosagem , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Alimentação Escolar , Iodo/administração & dosagem , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Cloreto de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Cloreto de Sódio/classificação , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Compostos de Iodo/uso terapêutico , Inquéritos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
16.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 33(1): 13-20, ene.-mar. 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-149369

RESUMO

Background. Several fungal species represent a potential risk to embryos of Odontesthes bonariensis (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835), a euryhaline freshwater fish that lives in the Pampean inland waters and has potential economic relevance. Aims. To identify two fungi isolated from O. bonariensis eggs exposed to saline conditions and to characterize their pathogenicity and tolerance to sodium chloride solutions. Methods. The isolates were identified by morphological features, and a preliminar phylogenetic analysis using sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) and calmodulin (CAM) was performed. Koch's postulates were tested to identify the causative agent of fungal infection. The influence of NaCl on the fungal growth was evaluated in in vitro assays. Results. The isolates LPSC 1001 and 1002 were identified as representatives of the genus Fusarium, and belonging to the Fusarium incarnatum-Fusarium equiseti species complex (FIESC) and the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), respectively. Histological observations on eggs exposed in vitro to both isolates in infectivity assays confirmed the ability of the fungal isolates to penetrate to egg's chorionic membrane, leading to the death of embryos. Increasing NaCl concentration in the culture medium reduced the growth of the isolates LPSC 1001 and 1002, being completely inhibited at 160 and 120 g/l NaCl respectively. Conclusions. The isolates LPSC 1001 (FIESC) and 1002 (FSSC) were identified as fungal pathogens to O. bonariensis eggs. The use of NaCl solutions as antifungal treatment was not effective to control the infection with these strains (AU)


Antecedentes. Diversas especies de hongos pueden representar un riesgo importante para los embriones de Odontesthes bonariensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835), un pez de agua dulce eurihalino que vive en las aguas interiores pampeanas y tiene una relevancia económica potencial. Objetivos. Identificar dos especies de hongos de huevos de O. bonariensis expuestos a condiciones salinas y caracterizar su patogenicidad y tolerancia a las soluciones de cloruro de sodio. Métodos. Se identificaron los aislamientos por sus características morfológicas, y se realizó un análisis filogenético preliminar utilizando secuencias de traslación del factor 1 alfa elongación (EF- 1α) y calmodulina (CAM). Se llevaron a cabo los postulados de Koch para identificar el agente causante de la infección fúngica. La influencia de NaCl sobre el crecimiento fúngico se evaluó en ensayos in vitro. Resultados. Se identificaron los aislamientos LPSC 1001 y 1002 como representantes del género Fusarium, y pertenecientes al complejo de especies Fusarium incarnatum-Fusarium equiseti (FIESC) y al complejo de especies de Fusarium solani (FSSC), respectivamente. Las observaciones histológicas en los huevos expuestos in vitro a ambos aislamientos en los ensayos de infectividad confirmaron la capacidad de estos para penetrar en la membrana coriónica, lo que condujo a la muerte de los embriones. El aumento de la concentración de NaCl en el medio de cultivo redujo el crecimiento de los aislamientos LPSC 1001 y 1002, quedando completamente inhibidos a 160 y 120 g/l de NaCl, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Se identificaron los aislamientos LPSC 1001 (FIESC) y 1002 (FSSC) como hongos patógenos para los huevos de O. bonariensis; el uso de soluciones de NaCl como tratamiento antifúngico no resultó eficaz para el control de la infección con estas cepas (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Fusarium/isolamento & purificação , Fusarium/patogenicidade , Peixes/microbiologia , Embrião não Mamífero/microbiologia , Embrião não Mamífero/patologia , Ovos/análise , Ovos/microbiologia , Filogenia , Técnicas In Vitro/métodos , Peixes/embriologia , Calmodulina , Micoses/microbiologia , Micoses/veterinária , Cloreto de Sódio , Cloreto de Sódio/isolamento & purificação , Perda do Embrião/microbiologia , Perda do Embrião/patologia , Perda do Embrião/veterinária , Eletroforese/métodos
17.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 39(4): 234-243, mayo 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-138288

RESUMO

En el paciente neurocrítico la hiponatremia es la distonía más frecuente, comportándose como un predictor pronóstico. Clásicamente, el cerebro perdedor de sal y la secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética han sido las 2 entidades responsables de explicar la mayor parte de los casos de hiponatremia en estos pacientes. Sin embargo, en virtud de la dificultad en establecer el estado de la volemia en el paciente crítico, el diagnóstico diferencial es con frecuencia difícil de establecer. Por otra parte, en el paciente neurocrítico el diagnóstico diferencial entre ambos síndromes no ha demostrado ser de utilidad debido a que el cloruro de sodio hipertónico es la piedra angular en el tratamiento de ambos cuadros, y la restricción hídrica con frecuencia está contraindicada. Es por ello que ha surgido el concepto de «cerebro falto de sal», lo cual traduce la necesidad del aporte de sodio como estrategia terapéutica en todos los casos


In the neurocritical care setting, hyponatremia is the commonest electrolyte disorder, which is associated with significant morbimortality. Cerebral salt wasting and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone have been classically described as the 2 most frequent entities responsible of hyponatremia in neurocritical care patients. Nevertheless, to distinguish between both syndromes is usually difficult and useless as volume status is difficult to be determined, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still not fully understood, fluid restriction is usually contraindicated in these patients, and the first option in the therapeutic strategy is always the same: 3% hypertonic saline solution. Therefore, we definitively agree with the current concept of “cerebral salt wasting”, which means that whatever is the etiology of hyponatremia, initially in neurocritical care patients the treatment will be the same: hypertonic saline solution


Assuntos
Humanos , Hiponatremia/epidemiologia , Cloreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/complicações , Hiponatremia/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Estado Terminal/terapia , Síndrome de Secreção Inadequada de HAD/fisiopatologia
18.
An. R. Acad. Farm ; 81(5): 33-44, 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-146982

RESUMO

Las aguas del balneario de La Villa de Olmedo (Valladolid) tienen características especiales; son aguas de alta salinidad que fueron declaradas como agua "Termal y Mineromedicinal" en junio de 2005 en la Comunidad de Castilla-León. Se trata de aguas hipotermales, con un pH en torno a 8, de alta mineralización, con un elevado residuo superior a los cinco gramos por litro. Destaca el elevado contenido de sodio que, junto a un alto contenido de cloruros, da origen a aguas clorurado-sódicas. El contenido de sulfatos es elevado y presentan concentraciones bajas de calcio y magnesio, por lo que no destacan por su dureza, considerándolas blandas


The waters of the Spa La Villa de Olmedo (Valladolid) have special characteristics; are high salinity waters declared as water "Thermal and Minero-medicinal water" in June 2005 by the Community of Castilla-León. These hypothermic waters have a pH around 8.0 and are characterized by high mineralization, with a high residue content of five grams per liter. Sodium content stand out among the elements that form the salts, which along with high chloride content gives rise to sodium-chloride waters. In addition, the sulphate content is high and the concentrations of calcium and magnesium are low, which these waters are not noted for heir hardness, so they are considered as soft waters


Assuntos
Águas Minerais/normas , Águas Minerais , Cloreto de Sódio/análise , Cloreto de Sódio/química , Água/análise , Água/química , Ânions/química , Ânions/síntese química , Águas Minerais/análise , Nascentes Naturais/análise , Nascentes Naturais/química , Mineração , Permanganato de Potássio/análise
20.
Farm. hosp ; 37(1): 10-14, ene.-feb. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-115642

RESUMO

Objetivo: La tiaprida es una benzamida sustituida clasificada como neuroléptica atípica. Ante la ausencia de datos publicados sobre su estabilidad en disolución para administración en perfusión continua intravenosa, este estudio analiza la estabilidad de la tiaprida en diferentes soluciones para infusión intravenosa, a diferentes concentraciones y durante 48 horas. Método: Se prepararon muestras de tiaprida por triplicado en cloruro sódico al 0,9% y en glucosa al 5% a concentraciones de 1 y 2 mg/mL. Estas muestras se conservaron en recipientes de cristal sin fotoprotección, a temperatura ambiente (25 ± 2oC). Los tiempos de muestreo a las 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 y 48 horas incluyeron inspección visual y determinación del pH. Se cuantificó la concentración de tiaprida en las muestras mediante cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia acoplada a espectrometría de masas. A los valores de concentración a tiempo 0 se les asignó el valor de referencia del 100%. Se consideraron estables aquellas muestras con concentración de tiaprida superior al 90% de la inicial. Resultados: No se observaron cambios visibles en las muestras analizadas. El valor del pH varió en un rango de entre 0,1 y 0,4 unidades. A las 48 horas, la concentración remanente en cloruro sódico a 1 y 2 mg/mL fue 93,8% y 91,6%, respectivamente. En glucosa al 5%, a 1 y 2 mg/mL fue 96,8% y 94,1%, respectivamente. Conclusión: Las disoluciones de tiaprida en cloruro sódico al 0,9% y en glucosa al 5%, a concentraciones de 1 y 2 mg/mL, en recipientes de cristal sin fotoprotección, a temperatura ambiente, son estables física y químicamente durante 48 horas (AU)


Objectives: Tiapride is a substituted benzamide classified as an atypical neuroleptic. To our knowledge, there are no published data on its stability prepared as a continuous intravenous infusion. The current study analysed its stability in two different infusion solutions and concentrations over 48 hours. Method: Triplicate samples of tiapride were prepared in 0.9% sodium chloride and in 5% dextrose solutions at final concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/ml. Samples were collected in glass bottles without photoprotection and at room temperature (25 ± 2oC). Sampling times at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours included a visual inspection for colour changes and appearance of precipitation as well as pH determination. Tiapride was quantified at selected times by mass spectrometry using high-performance liquid chro-matography. Concentration values in the samples corresponding to 0 hours were given a reference value of 100%. Concentrations in subsequent samples greater than 90% were considered stable. Results: No colour change or precipitation was observed during the study period. pH values ranged between 0.1 and 0.4 units. At 48 hours, the concentration of remaining tiapride in sodium chloride 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml was 93.8% and 91.6%, respectively. That in 5% dextrose 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml was 96.8% and 94.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Dilutions of tiapride in 0.9% sodium chloride and in 5% dextrose solution, at concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml, in glass bottles and at room temperature were stable both physically and chemically during 48 hours (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Cloridrato de Tiaprida/farmacologia , Infusões Intravenosas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Glucose/farmacologia
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