Strain improvement for enhanced erythritol production by Moniliella pollinis Mutant-58 using jaggery as a cost-effective substrate

Erythritol has been produced by various microorganisms including Yarrowia, Moniliella, Aureobasidium, and Candida strains. Due to its relatively high price, erythritol sweetener is used lesser than other polyols despite having many advantages. Therefore, in this study, Moniliella pollinis strain was improved for erythritol production by chemical mutagenesis and subsequently screening for cost-effective carbon sources for the enhanced erythritol yield. M. pollinis was subjected to N-methyl N-nitro N-nitroso guanidine (NTG), ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS), and UV mutagenesis for improved erythritol production. The fmutant strains were evaluated for enhanced erythritol production medium optimization by using different carbon substrates at the shake flask level. To enhance the production of erythritol and statistical media, optimization was carried out using a central composite design (CCD). Among 198 isolated mutants, Mutant-58 strain generated by EMS mutagenesis was selected for further assessment. The Mutant-58 strain showed significant morphological changes as compared to the parent strain. Furthermore, statistically optimized media composition resulted in the higher production of erythritol (91.2 ± 3.4 g/L) with a yield of 40.7 ± 3.4 % in shake flask experiments. The optimized medium composition for erythritol production constitutes (g/L) 225 jaggery, 4.4 yeast extract (YE), 4.4 KH2PO4, 0.31 MgSO4, and pH 5.5. The present study demonstrated strain improvement, media, and process optimization resulting in a 30% increase in the erythritol production in the Mutant-58 as compared to the parent strain. This is also the first instance where jaggery has been used as a cost-effective carbon source alternative to glucose for industrial-scale erythritol production. (AU)

Erythritol-enriched powder and oral biofilm regrowth on dental implants: an in vitro study / Polvo enriquecido con eritritol y crecimiento de biopelículas orales sobre implantes dentales: un estudio in vitro

Backgroud: Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are the main biological complications associated withdental implants. Since most authors agree that bacteria play a major etiological role, the main aims of this studywere to determine if a formulation of erythritol and chlorhexidine applied with an air polishing system inhibitsbiofilm re-growth over dental implants and to compare the decontamination capacity of this therapy with that ofmechanical removal by saline and gauze.Material and Methods: A multispecies biofilm (P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, A. naes-lundii, V. parvula and S. oralis) was grown for 14 days on 52 dental implants in an artificial mouth. These implantswere divided into three groups according to the applied treatment: 14 negative control (CON), 19 erythritol-chlorhexidine (ERY) and 19 gauze with saline (GAU) samples. Twelve dental implants from the ERY and GAUgroups and 8 implants from the CON group were re-incubated for 7 additional days after treatment. The bacterialcount was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using propidium monoazide (PMA). Adescriptive and bivariate analysis of the data was performed.Results: The erythritol and chlorhexidine formulation significantly inhibited biofilm regrowth in comparison withthe mechanical treatment (GAU), since a significant decrease in all the species was observed in the ERY group(except for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). The antibiofilm and antibacterial capacity of the two activetreatment groups (ERY and GAU) was similar for a 14 days multispecies in vitro biofilm, except for the lowercount of A. naeslundii in the GAU group. Conclusions: The use of erythritol powder with chlorhexidine applied with an air polishing system reduces biofilmregrowth over dental implants when compared with mechanical removal by saline and gauze. This effect might bebeneficial for patients included in peri-implant maintenance programs.(AU)

Stevia preferences in Wistar rats / Preferencia gustativa de las ratas Wistar por la estevia

BACKGROUND: The Stevia rebaudiana plant is likely to become a major source of high-potency sweetener for the growing natural-food market. S. rebaudiana is the source of a number of sweet diterpenoid glycosides, but the major sweet constituents are rebaudioside A and stevioside. These two constituents have similar pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles in rats and humans, and thus, studies carried out with either steviol glycoside are relevant to both. Other studies illustrate the diversity of voluntary sweet intake in mammals. METHOD: This study was done using a series of two-bottle tests that compared a wide range of sweetener concentrations versus saccharin concentrations and versus water. RESULTS: Wistar rats displayed preferences for stevia extract and pure rebaudioside A solutions over water at a range of concentrations (0.001% to 0.3%), and their intake peak occurred at 0.1% concentration. They also preferred solutions prepared with a commercial rebaudioside A plus erythritol mixture to water, and their peak was at 2% concentration. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides new information about the responses of Wistar rats to stevia compounds and commercial stevia products such as Truvia. These results could help with the appropriate dosage selection for focused behavioral and physiological studies on stevia

ANTECEDENTES: la planta Stevia rebaudiana se convertirá en una de las principales fuentes de edulcorantes debido al crecimiento del consumo de productos naturales en el mercado. S. rebaudiana contiene distintos glucósidos diterpenoides, pero los que proporcionan dulzor son el rebaudiosido A y el esteviosido. Estos dos compuestos tienen perfiles farmacocinéticos y metabólicos similares en ratas y humanos. Por otro lado, hay estudios que muestran la existencia de distintos patrones de ingesta voluntaria de edulcorantes en los mamíferos. MÉTODO: se realizaron series de la prueba de libre elección entre dos botellas. Comparamos la ingesta de un rango de concentraciones de edulcorantes frente al agua y frente a sacarina. RESULTADOS: las ratas Wistar prefieren el extracto de estevia y el rebaudiosido A (concentraciones desde 0,001% hasta 0,3%) frente al agua, la ingesta máxima fue a la concentración de 0,1%. También prefieren las soluciones preparadas con el producto comercial Truvia (rebaudiósido A y eritritol) frente al agua, la ingesta máxima fue a la concentración de 2%. CONCLUSIONES: nuestro trabajo proporciona nueva información sobre la preferencia gustativa de las ratas Wistar por distintos compuestos de estevia. Estos resultados ayudarán al diseño de estudios centrados en los efectos comportamentales y fisiológicos del consumo de estevia

A case of erythritol allergy studied by basophil histamine release and CD203c expression in vitro in addition to a challenge test in vivo

No disponible