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2.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(10): 621-624, Dic. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-228363

RESUMO

Introduction: Ceftolozane/tazobactam has shown excellent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but this drug is not always included in commercial panels. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of 2 gradient strips (BioMérieux and Liofilchem) and a commercial microdilution panel (Sensititre, EURGNCOL panel) using this combination against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. Methods: Three commercial methods were tested with 41 metallo-beta-lactamase-producing and 59 non-carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates. Broth microdilution was used as reference. Results: All carbapenemase-producing isolates and only one non-producing isolate were resistant to this antibiotic. Both essential agreement and bias were outside the acceptance intervals since MIC values were higher than reference values for all three methods. The Kappa index indicated poor or weak agreement. Changes in clinical categories were observed in 3 isolates. Conclusions: The three methods yielded poor agreement with the reference. Despite the differences in MIC values, fewer than 3% involved category changes.(AU)


Introducción: La combinación ceftolozano/tazobactam ha mostrado una actividad excelente frente a Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pero este fármaco no siempre se incluye en los paneles comerciales. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el rendimiento de 2 tiras de gradiente (BioMérieux® y Liofilchem®) y un panel de microdilución comercial (Sensititre®, panel EURGNCOL) utilizando esta combinación frente a aislados de P. aeruginosa resistente a los carbapenémicos. Métodos: Se probaron 3 métodos comerciales con 41 aislados productores de metalobetalactamasas y 59 aislados no productores de carbapenemasas de P. aeruginosa. La microdilución de caldo se utilizó como referencia. Resultados: Todos los aislados productores de carbapenemasas y solo un aislado no productor fueron resistentes a este antibiótico. Tanto la concordancia esencial como el sesgo se encontraron fuera de los intervalos de aceptación, dado que los valores CMI eran superiores que los valores de referencia para los 3 métodos. El índice de Kappa indicó una concordancia pobre o débil. Se observaron cambios en las categorías clínicas en 3 aislados. Conclusiones: Los 3 métodos presentaron una baja concordancia con la microdilución de referencia. A pesar de las diferencias en los valores MIC, menos del 3% implicaron cambios de categoría.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Ciências da Saúde , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Tazobactam/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Transmissíveis , Microbiologia
3.
Int. microbiol ; 26(4): 1073-1085, Nov. 2023. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-227493

RESUMO

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), as one of the most common drug-resistant bacteria threatening human health, is hyper-resistant to multiple antimicrobial drugs and carbapenems, which can be dealt with only limited clinical treatment options. This study described the epidemiological characteristics of CRKP in this tertiary care hospital from 2016 to 2020. Specimen sources included blood, sputum, alveolar lavage fluid, puncture fluid, secretions from a burn wound, and urine. Among the 87 carbapenem-resistant strains, ST11 was the predominant isolate, followed by ST15, ST273, ST340, and ST626. These STs were in broad agreement with the STs defined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clustering analysis in discriminating clusters of related strains. Most CRKP isolates contained the blaKPC-2 gene, some isolates carried the blaOXA-1, blaNDM-1, and blaNDM-5 genes, and the isolates carrying carbapenem resistance genes were more resistant to the antimicrobials of β-lactams, carbapenems, macrolides, and fluoroquinolone. The OmpK35 and OmpK37 genes were detected in all CRKP strains, and the Ompk36 gene was detected in some CRKP strains. All detected OmpK37 had 4 mutant sites, and OmpK36 had 11 mutant sites, while no mutant sites were found in OmpK35. More than half of the CRKP strains contained the OqxA and OqxB efflux pump genes. The virulence genes were most commonly combined with urea-wabG-fimH-entB-ybtS-uge-ycf. Only one CRKP isolate was detected with the K54 podoconjugate serotype. This study elucidated the clinical epidemiological features and molecular typing of CRKP, and grasped the distribution of drug-resistant genotypes, podocyte serotypes, and virulence genes of CRKP, providing some guidance for the subsequent treatment of CRKP infection.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/genética , Infecções por Klebsiella/epidemiologia , beta-Lactamases/genética , Virulência/genética , Microbiologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas , China , Resistência a Medicamentos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Carbapenêmicos
4.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(6): 360-370, Jun-Jul. 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-221433

RESUMO

Infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria are becoming a worldwide problem due to their increasing incidence and associated high mortality. Carbapenem-resistant bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are the most important in clinical practice. The objective of these guidelines is to update the recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by these multidrug resistant bacteria. Although ‘old’ antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, colistin, or tigecycline are frequently used for therapy of these bacteria, the ‘new’ beta-lactams such as ceftazidime–avibactam, ceftolozane–tazobactam, meropenem–vaborbactam, imipenem–cilastatin–relebactam or cefiderocol are progressively becoming the first-line therapy for most of these microorganisms. The Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica) designated a panel of experts in the field to provide evidence-based recommendations in response to common clinical questions. This document is primarily focused on microbiological diagnosis, clinical management, and targeted antimicrobial therapy of these infections, with special attention to defining the role of the new antimicrobials in the treatment of these bacteria.(AU)


Las infecciones causadas por bacterias gramnegativas multirresistentes se han convertido en un problema mundial debido a su creciente incidencia y alta mortalidad asociada. Las bacterias resistentes a carbapenémicos como Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Acinetobacter baumannii son las más importantes en la práctica clínica. El objetivo de este documento de consenso es actualizar las recomendaciones sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento de las infecciones causadas por estas bacterias multirresistentes. Aunque los antibióticos ‘antiguos’ como aminoglucósidos, colistina o tigeciclina se utilizan con frecuencia en el tratamiento de estas bacterias, los ‘nuevos’ betalactámicos como ceftazidima-avibactam, ceftolozano-tazobactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, imipenem-cilastatina-relebactam o cefiderocol se están convirtiendo de forma progresiva en el tratamiento de primera elección para la mayoría de estos microorganismos. La Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica ha designado un grupo de expertos en la materia para elaborar una guía de recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia sobre las cuestiones clínicas más habituales. Este documento está principalmente centrado en el diagnóstico microbiológico, el manejo clínico y el tratamiento dirigido de estas infecciones, con especial referencia a definir el papel de los nuevos antimicrobianos en el tratamiento de estas bacterias.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Carbapenêmicos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter baumannii , Consenso , Espanha , Microbiologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas
5.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(3): 162-168, Mar. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-217085

RESUMO

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGN) are an urgent public health threat because of the limited treatment options, its rapid spreading and high clinical impact and mortality rates. However, the burden and the use of resources of these infections have not been investigated. The aim of the current study is to understand the use of resources associated to the clinical management of CRGN infections in real clinical practice conditions. Methods: An observational retrospective chart review study was performed. Data regarding patient demographics, clinical management and use of resources associated to hospitalization were retrieved from clinical charts of ICU inpatients with a confirmed CRGN infection. Three reference Spanish hospitals were selected according to their patient volume and geographical coverage. Descriptive analyses of the clinical management and the use of resources and its cost were performed and then total costs by type of resource were calculated. Results: A total of 130 patients were included in the study. The higher number of patients (n=43; 33%) were between 61 and 70 years old. Ninety-four (72%) patients were male and 115 (88%) suffered from comorbidities. The mean total cost associated to the resources used in patients with CRGN infections hospitalized in ICU was 96,878€ per patient. These total costs included 84,140€ of total hospital stay, 11,021€ of treatments (558€ of antibiotics; 10,463€ of other treatments) and 1717€ costs of diagnostic tests. Conclusions: CRGN infection causes a high use of hospital resources, being the length of stay either in hospital wards or ICU the driver of the total costs. Diagnostic tests and treatments, including antibiotics, represent the lowest part of the use of resources and costs (13% of total costs).(AU)


Introducción: Las bacterias gramnegativas resistentes a carbapenémicos (CRGN) son una amenaza urgente de salud pública por las limitadas opciones de tratamiento, su rápida dispersión y el alto impacto clínico y tasas de mortalidad. Sin embargo, la carga y el uso de recursos de estas infecciones no han sido investigadas. El objetivo de este estudio es comprender el uso de recursos asociado al manejo clínico de las infecciones por CRGN en condiciones de práctica clínica real. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional retrospectivo de revisión de historias clínicas. Se recogieron datos demográficos, del manejo clínico y del uso de recursos asociado a la hospitalización de historias clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados en UCI con una infección confirmada por CRGN. Se seleccionaron tres hospitales españoles de referencia por su cobertura geográfica. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos del manejo clínico y el uso de recursos y sus costes en episodios de infecciones por CRGN, y se calcularon los costes totales para cada tipo de recurso. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 130 pacientes. La mayoría de los pacientes (n=43;33%) tenían entre 61-70 años. Noventa y cuatro pacientes (72%) eran hombres y 115 (88%) presentaron comorbilidades. El coste medio total asociado a los recursos usados durante el episodio de infección por CRGN por paciente fue de 96.878€. Este coste total incluye 84.140€ de la estancia en el hospital, 11.021€ de los tratamientos (558€ de antibióticos y 10.463€ de otros tratamientos) y 1.717€ del coste de test diagnósticos. Conclusiones: El episodio de infección por CRGN causa un alto uso de recursos hospitalarios, siendo la duración de la estancia tanto en planta hospitalaria como en UCI el factor con mayor peso de los costes totales. Los test diagnósticos clínicos y los tratamientos, incluyendo los antibióticos, representan la parte más pequeña del uso de recursos y sus costes (13% del coste total).(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Carbapenêmicos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Espanha , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doenças Transmissíveis
6.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 35(5): 455-467, Oct. 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-210698

RESUMO

Objective. Risk factors (RFs) associated with infection progression in patients already colonised by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB) have been addressed in few and disperse works. The aim of this study is to identify the relevant RFs associated to infection progression in patients with respiratory tract or rectal colonisation.Material and methods. A systematic literature review was developed to identify RFs associated with infectionprogression in patients with CRGNB respiratory tract or rectal colonisation. Identified RFs were then evaluated and discussed by the expert panel to identify those that are relevant according to the evidence and expert’s experience.Results. A total of 8 articles were included for the CRGNB respiratory tract colonisation and 21 for CRGNB rectal colonisation, identifying 19 RFs associated with pneumonia development and 44 RFs associated with infection progression, respectively. After discussion, the experts agreed on 13 RFs to be associated with pneumonia development after respiratory tract CRGNB colonisation and 33 RFs to be associated with infection progression after rectal CRGNB colonisation. Respiratory tract and rectal colonisation, previous stay in the ICU and longer stay in the ICU were classified as relevant RF independently of the pathogen and site of colonisation. Previous exposure to antibiotic therapy or previous carbapenem use were also common relevant RF for patients with CRGNB respiratory tract and rectal colonisation. (AU)


Objetivo. Los factores de riesgo (FR) asociados a la progresión de la infección en pacientes ya colonizados por bacterias gramnegativas resistentes a carbapenémicos (BGNRC) han sido abordados en pocos y dispersos trabajos. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar los factores de riesgo relevantes asociados a la progresión de la infección en pacientes con colonización del tracto respiratorio o rectal.Material y métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar los FR asociados a la progresión de la infección en pacientes con colonización del tracto respiratorio o rectal por BGNRC. Los FR identificados fueron luego evaluados y discutidos por el panel de expertos para identificar aquellos que son relevantes según la evidencia disponible y la experiencia de los expertos.Resultados. Un total de 8 artículos fueron incluidos en el análisis de los FR en la colonización del tracto respiratorio y 21 para la colonización rectal, identificándose 19 FR asociados al desarrollo de neumonía y 44 FR asociados a la progresión de la infección respectivamente. Tras la sesión de discusión, los expertos acordaron que 13 FR se asociaban al desarrollo de neumonía tras la colonización del tracto respiratorio por BGNRC y 33 FR a la progresión de la infección tras la colonización rectal por BGNRC. La colonización del tracto respiratorio y rectal, la estancia previa en la UCI y una estancia prolongada en la UCI se clasificaron como FR relevantes independientemente del patógeno y del lugar de colonización. La exposición previa a antibióticos o el uso previo de carbapenémicos se clasificaron como FR relevantes para varios de los patógenos tanto en pacientes con colonización del tracto respiratorio como rectal. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Fatores de Risco , Sistema Respiratório , Pneumonia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Carbapenêmicos
7.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 35(Supl. 3): 46-50, Oct. 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-210748

RESUMO

Antibiotic resistance is one of the main menaces to public and individual health worldwide. In the last two decades, an increase in the detection of arbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales has been reported. The treatment of infections caused by these strains is a therapeutic challenge. The use of carbapenems may be beneficial depending on MIC value and source of infection. New drugs, with different activity against the different classes of carbapenemases, are developed showing significant benefits. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos , Carbapenêmicos/uso terapêutico , beta-Lactamases , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico
8.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 35(supl. 2): 20-27, Sept. 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-210690

RESUMO

Cefiderocol, a siderophore catechol cephalosporin, recently introduced in the market has been developed to enhance the in vitro activity of extended spectrum cephalosporins and to avoid resistance mechanisms affecting cephalosporins and carbapenems. The in vitro study of cefiderocol in the laboratory requires iron depleted media when MIC values are determined by broth microdilution. Disk diffusion presents good correlation with MIC values. In surveillance studies and in clinical trials it has been demonstrated excellent activity against Gram-negatives, including carbapenemase producers and non-fermenters such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Few cefiderocol resistant isolates have been found in surveillance studies. Resistance mechanisms are not directly associated with porin deficiency and or efflux pumps. On the contrary, they are related with gene mutations affecting iron transporters, AmpC mutations in the omega loop and with certain beta-lactamases such us KPC-variants determining also ceftazidime-avibactam resistance, certain infrequent extended-spectrum betalactamases (PER, BEL) and metallo-beta-lactamases (certain NDM variants and SPM enzyme). (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cefalosporinas , Técnicas In Vitro , Bactérias , beta-Lactamases , Ferro , Carbapenêmicos
11.
Int. microbiol ; 25(2): 237-244, May. 2022. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-216027

RESUMO

Introduction: Serratia marcescens has attracted increasing attention worldwide as a neglected opportunistic pathogen of public health concern, especially due to its antimicrobial resistance features, which usually cause nosocomial infections in immunocompromised or critically ill patients. Methods: In our study, four carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens (CRSM) clinical isolates were characterized in our hospital from February 2018 to May 2018. The conjugation experiment confirmed the transferability of the carbapenem resistance gene. The types of carbapenem resistance genes were detected by PCR. The homology of the strains was analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The characteristics of the plasmid and environment of carbapenem resistance genes were analysed after whole genome sequencing was performed. Then, we compared the amino acid sequence of the replication initiation protein and constructed a dendrogram by the neighbour-joining method. Results: All four isolates showed carbapenem resistance conferred by a blaKPC-2-harbouring plasmid. They had exactly the same bands confirmed by PFGE and were defined as the homologous strains. The blaKPC-2 genes in all of the isolates were located in a 42,742 bp plasmid, which was located in the core region of antibiotic resistance and was composed of Tn3 family transposons, recombinant enzyme genes, ISKpn6 and ISKpn27. The core region of antibiotic resistance formed a ‘Tn3-ISKpn6-blaKPC-ISKpn27-Tn3’ structure, which was an independent region as a movable element belonging to transposon Tn6296 and its derivatives. The plasmid had a similar skeleton to incX6 plasmids and a similar amino acid sequence to the replication initiation protein. The plasmid was defined as an untypeable blaKPC-2-harbouring plasmid named the ‘IncX6-like’ plasmid. Conclusion: The four CRSM isolates were mainly clonally disseminated with a blaKPC-2-harbouring plasmid in our hospital. The pKPC-2-HENAN1602 plasmid...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Plasmídeos , Serratia marcescens , Infecção Hospitalar , Carbapenêmicos , Microbiologia
12.
Farm. hosp ; 45(6): 335-339, noviembre-diciembre 2021. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-218728

RESUMO

Objetivo: La interacción entre ácido valproico y carbapenems está descrita en la literatura y conlleva una disminución de los niveles plasmáticosde ácido valproico. Los objetivos son evaluar su relevancia en la prácticaclínica, conocer las variables que se asocian a un incremento de crisisepilépticas y analizar el impacto de la intervención farmacéutica paraevitar las consecuencias de dicha interacción.Método: En este estudio observacional retrospectivo se estudiaronpacientes con epilepsia hospitalizados entre 2016 y 2020. Se registróel tratamiento farmacológico prescrito en el ingreso y se revisó la presencia de otras interacciones que redujeran la concentración plasmática deácido valproico. La frecuencia de crisis epilépticas durante el año previo alingreso se comparó con la correspondiente al periodo de interacción. Serealizó una intervención en todos los episodios con la interacción detectada informando al prescriptor sobre la interacción y proponiendo sustitución de la antibioterapia, así como monitorización farmacocinética deácido valproico.Resultados: Se incluyeron 37 episodios. El 58,1% eran varones y lamediana de edad fue de 70 años. El 56,8% de los pacientes recibiómeropenem y el 43,2% restante, ertapenem. Para la duración del tratamiento concomitante entre ácido valproico y el carbapenem prescrito se obtuvo una mediana de 4 días. Se halló una razón de tasas de incidencia de 2,60 (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 1,61-4,21), por lo queesta interacción se asocia a una mayor frecuencia de crisis epilépticas.Se asoció una mayor frecuencia de crisis estadísticamente significativaen los pacientes tratados con más de un fármaco antiepiléptico. Los farmacéuticos hospitalarios detectaron 24 episodios (64,9%). (AU)


Objective: The literature has described the interaction between valproicacid and carbapenems. This interaction leads to decreases in plasmaconcentrations of valproic acid. The main objectives of this study were toassess its relevance in clinical practice, to identify variables associatedwith increased seizure episode rates, and to analyse the impact of pharmaceutical intervention on avoiding the effects of this interaction.Method: An observational retrospective study of inpatients withepilepsy admitted between 2016 and 2020. Their pharmacologicaltreatment throughout admission was recorded, and the presence of otherinteractions leading to decreased plasma concentrations of valproicacid was reviewed. The seizure rate during the year prior to admissionwas compared to that during the interaction period. For every episodein which the interaction was detected, an intervention was conducted byproviding the prescriber with information on the interaction and suggesting a change of antibiotherapy as well as the pharmacokinetic monitoring of valproic acid.Results: 37 episodes were included. 58.1% of the patients were maleand median age was 70 years. In total, 56.8% of the patients receivedmeropenem and 43.2% received ertapenem. The median duration of concomitant treatment with valproic acid and carbapenem was 4 days. The incidence rate ratio was 2.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.61-4.21). Thus,this interaction was associated with a higher seizure rate. A statistically significant association was found between higher seizure rates andpatients treated with more than one anti-epileptic drug. Hospital pharmacists detected 24 episodes (64.9%). In total, 17 interventions (70.8%)were accepted and 13 combinations were discontinued. Pharmacokineticmonitoring was conducted in 13 episodes (35.1%) and infratherapeuticlevels were found in all of them. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Ácido Valproico , Epilepsia , Carbapenêmicos , Farmácia
14.
Rev. esp. med. prev. salud pública ; 25(3): 25-40, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197737

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Estudiar los casos de colonización y/o infección por Klebsiella oxytoca productora de carbapenemasas (KOPC) en HM Sanchinarro en 2018. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los pacientes con KOPC. La información se obtuvo de la historia clínica digital del programa informático HOSMA de HM Hospitales. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS 24.0. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 76 ingresos en 46 pacientes. El 76,6% fueron varones con media de edad de 68,5 años, 16,5 días de estancia y 12 de aislamiento específico. El 75,5% ingresó a cargo de Ci-rugía General, Oncología Médica o Medicina Interna. El 81,1% evolucionó favorablemente y el 17% fueron éxitus. El 86% falleció por shock séptico por KOPC. El patrón de resistencia predominante fue clase D-OXA 48 (71,4%). Los antibióticos más utilizados fueron meropenem, piperacilina-tazobactam, y levofloxacino. CONCLUSIONES: El sexo masculino, edad avanzada y comorbilidad son los factores de riesgo fundamentales. Shock séptico por KOPC es causa frecuente de éxitos


OBJECTIVE: Reviewing reported cases of carbapenem-producing Klebsiella oxytoca (CPKO) colonization or infection in patients attended in HM Sanchinarro in 2018. METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective study of patients with CPKO was carried out. Information was obtained from digital medical records in soft-ware HOSMA used in HM Hospitales. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 24.0.RESULTS: 76 admissions to hospital related to 46 were analyzed. 76,6% were male with mean age 68,5 years. Average hospital stay was 16,5 days and aver-age contact or droplet isolation, 12 days. 75,5% were admitted in General Surgery, Medical Oncology or Internal Medicine. 81,1% developed favourably and 17% died. The main cause in death was septic shock by CPKO (86%). Dominant resistance patterns was class D-OXA 48 (71,4%). The most prescribed anti-biotics were meronem, piperacillin-tazobactam and levofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: Male sex, advanced age and comorbidity are key risk factors. Septic shock by CPKO cause death frequently


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/epidemiologia , Klebsiella oxytoca/isolamento & purificação , Carbapenêmicos/metabolismo , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Surtos de Doenças , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Espanha/epidemiologia , Choque Séptico/microbiologia
15.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 37(10): 648-651, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-189591

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) is a cost-effective assay for detecting carbapenemases. However, its interpretation is unclear for Pseudomonas spp. We evaluate its accuracy when meropenem is changed to imipenem. METHODS: We analyzed 266 P. aeruginosa isolates. The CIM method consists of: resuspend bacterial colonies (a full 10 μ,L loop) in 400 μ,L water, in which a 10 μ,g disk of meropenem/imipenem is immersed. After 2 h of incubation (35°C), remove the disk, place it onto a Mueller-Hinton agar plate previously inoculated with Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and incubate at 35 ̊C between 18-24 h. Interpretation criteria (mm of inhibition zone): ≤ 19 mm, positive; ≥ 25 mm negative; 20-24 mm, undetermined. RESULTS: Imipenem improves the sensitivity and specificity of CIM when compared to meropenem (99.4% and 98.9%, vs. 91.9% and 94.7%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of CIM for carbapenemase detection in P. aeruginosa is increased with the use of imipenem


INTRODUCCIÓN: El método de inactivación del carbapenem (CIM, por sus siglas en inglés) se utiliza para detectar carbapenemasas, pero su interpretación no está clara para Pseudomonas spp. Se evaluó la precisión del método utilizando imipenem en lugar de meropenem. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 266 aislados de P. aeruginosa. El CIM consiste en: suspender colonias bacterianas (un asa de 10 μ,l) en 400 μ,l de agua en los que se sumerge un disco de 10 μ,g de meropenem/imipenem. Tras 2 h de incubación (35°C) se saca el disco y es transferido a agar Mueller-Hinton, previamente inoculado con Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) e incubado a 35°C entre 18-24h. Criterios de interpretación (mm halo de inhibición): ≤ 19 mm positivo; ≥ 25 mm negativo y 20-24 mm indeterminado. RESULTADOS: Imipenem mejora la sensibilidad y especificidad del CIM frente a meropenem (99,4 y 98,9% vs. 91,9 y 94,7%, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: La precisión del CIM para la detección de carbapenemasas en P. aeruginosa mejora al utilizar imipenem


Assuntos
Humanos , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Imipenem/farmacologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Meropeném/farmacologia , Carbapenêmicos/metabolismo , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
17.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 32(1): 15-21, feb. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-182743

RESUMO

Introducción: La bacteriemia por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de carbapenemasa tipo KPC (Kp-KPC) se asocia a elevada mortalidad. La hipótesis de nuestro trabajo es que hubo aumento en los niveles de resistencia a diferentes antimicrobianos en Kp-KPC en bacteriemias. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir las características clínicas, microbiológicas, esquemas terapéuticos y evolución de las bacteriemias por Kp-KPC en nuestro hospital. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo en dos periodos: Periodo 1 (P1) 2010-2014 y periodo 2 (P2) 2015-2016. Se incluyeron pacientes ≥ 18 años con bacteriemia por Kp-KPC en un Hospital General de Agudos. Se definió como antimicrobiano activo aquel que presentaba sensibilidad en el antibiograma y en el caso particular de meropenem cuando presentaba CMI ≤ 8 mg/L y era utilizado en tratamiento combinado Resultados: Se analizaron 50 episodios (P1: 21 y P2: 29) de bacteriemia por Kp-KPC en 45 pacientes. Las siguientes variables fueron semejantes en ambos periodos: edad mediana (53 vs. 52 años); sexo masculino (45 vs. 62%); sitio de infección: bacteriemia primaria (52 vs. 45%), bacteriemia asociada a catéter (24 vs. 17%), otros (24 vs. 38%). En el P2 se registró un aumento significativo de resistencia a colistina (28 vs. 69%) (p<0,01), un aumento de aislamientos con CMI a meropenem ≥ 16 mg/L (74 vs. 97%) (p=0,02) y una disminución de resistencia a tigeciclina (29 vs. 4%) (p=0,02). La mortalidad global fue del 40 en el P1 y 32% en el P2 (p=0,7). En ningún periodo se observó diferencia en la mortalidad cuando el tratamiento dirigido fue con un antimicrobiano activo vs. dos antimicrobianos activos, así como tampoco entre los diferentes antimicrobianos utilizados. Conclusiones: Se observó un aumento significativo de las bacteriemias por Kp-KPC y del nivel de resistencia a colistina y de las CMIs a meropenem. Para ambos períodos la mortalidad fue elevada


Introduction: Bacteremia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing strains (Kp-KPC) is associated with high mortality. The hypothesis of our work is that there was an increase in the levels of resistance to different antimicrobials in Kp-KPC isolated from bacteremia. Materials and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study in two periods: Period 1 (P1) 2010-2014 and period 2 (P2) 2015-2016. We included patients ≥18 years old with bacteremia caused by Kp-KPC in a General Hospital. We defined active drug (AD) if it was in vitro susceptible and in the case of meropenem if it had a MIC ≤ 8 mg/L in combination treatment. Results: Fifty episodes of bacteremia caused by Kp-KPC were analyzed in 45 patients. (P1: 21 and P2: 29). The following variables were similar in both periods: median age (53 vs. 52 years); male sex (45 vs. 62%); site of infection: primary bacteremia (52 vs.45%), bacteremia associated with catheter (24 vs.17%), and other (24 vs. 38%). During P2 there was a significant increase in colistin resistance (28 vs. 69%) (p <0.01), an increase in MIC to meropenem ≥ 16 mg/L (74 and 97%) (p = 0.02), and decrease in tigecycline resistance (29 vs. 4%) (p = 0.02). The overall mortality was 40 in P1 and 32% in P2 (p=0.7). There was not difference in mortality when the definitive treatment was with an active antimicrobial vs. two active antimicrobials, as well as between the different antimicrobials used. Conclusions: There was a significant increase in bacteremia caused by Kp-KPC and the level of colistin resistance and MIC to meropenem. Overall mortality was high in both periods


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Carbapenêmicos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Colistina/uso terapêutico , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos
19.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 37(1): 36-40, ene. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-176999

RESUMO

Introduction: The overall increase in the use of carbapenems could lead to the selection of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. The objectives of this study were to analyze carbapenem use from 2008 to 2015 and their prescription profile in 58 hospitals affiliated to the VINCat Programme (nosocomial infection vigilance system). Methods: Retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study of carbapenem use. Consecutive case-series study, looking for carbapenem prescription characteristics, conducted in January 2016. Use was calculated in defined daily doses (DDD)/100 patient-days (PD); prescription profiles were assessed using a standardized survey. Results: Carbapenem use increased 88.43%, from 3.37 DDD/100-PD to 6.35 DDD/100-PD (p < 0.001). A total of 631 patients were included in the prescription analysis. Carbapenems were prescribed empirically in 76.2% of patients, mainly for urinary tract and intra-abdominal infections due to suspicion of polymicrobial mixed infection (27.4%) and severity (25.4%). Conclusion: A worrying increase in carbapenem use was found in Catalonia. Stewardship interventions are required to prevent carbapenem overuse


Introducción: El aumento global del consumo de carbapenemas podría seleccionar bacterias resistentes a los carbapenemas. Los objetivos del estudio fueron analizar el consumo de carbapenemas entre 2008-2015 y su perfil de prescripción en 58 hospitales afiliados al Programa VINCat. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo de consumo de carbapenemas. Estudio de series de casos consecutivos buscando características de la prescripción realizado en enero de 2016. Consumo calculado en dosis diarias definidas (DDD)/100 pacientes/días (PD); perfil de prescripción evaluado mediante una encuesta estandarizada. Resultados: El consumo de carbapenemas aumentó un 88,43%, de 3,37 DDD/100 PD a 6,35 DDD/100 PD (p < 0,001). Se incluyeron 631 pacientes en el análisis de prescripción. Un 76,2% recibió carbapenemas empíricamente para infecciones del tracto urinario e intra-abdominales por sospecha de infección mixta polimicrobiana (27,4%) y gravedad (25,4%). Conclusión: Se produjo un preocupante aumento del consumo de carbapenemas en Cataluña, por lo que son necesarias intervenciones específicas para evitar su uso excesivo


Assuntos
Humanos , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Carbapenêmicos/administração & dosagem , Hospitais/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Espanha
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