Optimización del proceso de liofilización de pulpa de maracuyá: efecto de diferentes aglomerantes en la cinéticade secado y características del producto final / Optimization of the passion pulp freeze-drying process: effect of differentbinders on drying kinetics and characteristics of the final product

Introducción: El estudio se centró en obtener pulpa liofi-lizada de maracuyá manteniendo su calidad sensorial y nu-tracéutica. Objetivo: Se evaluaron diferentes concentraciones deaglomerantes en propiedades físico-químicas, solubilidad, co-lor, vitamina C y polifenoles. Material y métodos: Se examinó la cinética de secado porliofilización en un diseño factorial 3x3, los aglomerantes (gomaarábiga, almidón de arroz, pectina) y sus concentraciones im-pactaron fenoles totales, vitamina C, color y solubilidad. Resultados: Destacaron la goma arábiga al 1.5% y la pec-tina al 1.0% para preservar sabor y color, y la pectina al0.75% mostró alta velocidad de secado. Conclusión: La goma arábiga sobresalió en fenoles tota-les, color y solubilidad, mientras que la pectina conservó me-jor la vitamina C.(AU)

Introduction: The study focused on obtaining freeze-dried passion fruit pulp while maintaining its sensorial and nu-tritional quality. Objective: Different concentrations of binders were eval-uated for physical-chemical properties, solubility, color, vita-min C and polyphenols. Methodology: The freeze-drying kinetics were examinedin a 3x3 factorial design, the binders (gum arabic, rice starch,pectin) and their concentrations impacted total phenols, vita-min C, color and solubility. Results: They highlighted gum arabic at 1.5% and pectinat 1.0% to preserve flavor and color, and pectin at 0.75%showed high drying speed. Conclusion: Gum Arabic excels in total phenols, color andsolubility, while pectin preserves vitamin C better.(AU)

Use of Dicranum polysetum extract against Paenibacillus larvae causing American Foulbrood under in vivo and in vitro conditions / Uso del extracto de Dicranum polysetum contra larvas de Paenibacillus causantes de la loque americana en condiciones in vivo e in vitro

Recent research shows that Dicranum species can be used to ameliorate the negative effects of honeybee bacterial diseases and that novel compounds isolated from these species may have the potential to treat bacterial diseases. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Dicranum polysetum Sw. against American Foulbrood using toxicity and larval model. The effectiveness of D. polysetum Sw. ethanol extract in combating AFB was investigated in vitro and in vivo. This study is important in finding an alternative treatment or prophylactic method to prevent American Foulbrood disease in honey bee colonies. Spore and vegetative forms of Paenibacillus larvae PB31B with ethanol extract of D. polysetum were tested on 2040 honey bee larvae under controlled conditions. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of D. polysetum ethanol extracts were determined as 80.72 mg/GAE(Gallic acid equivalent) and 303.20 µg/mL, respectively. DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging percent inhibition value was calculated as 4.32%. In Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) and Lymantria dispar (LD652) cell lines, the cytotoxic activities of D. polysetum extract were below 20% at 50 µg/mL. The extract was shown to considerably decrease infection in the larvae, and the infection was clinically halted when the extract was administered during the first 24 h after spore contamination. The fact that the extract contains potent antimicrobial/antioxidant activity does not reduce larval viability and live weight, and does not interact with royal jelly is a promising development, particularly regarding its use to treat early-stage AFB infection.(AU)

Néctar a base de pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus) con harina de cáscara de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa): Compuestos antioxidantes, estabilidad fisicoquímica y aceptabilidad sensorial / Pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus)-based nectar with passion fruit (Passifloraedulis flavicarpa) peel flour: Antioxidant compounds, physicochemicalstability and sensory acceptability

Introducción: Actualmente, existe un gran interés por nuevas formulaciones bebidas de frutas que potencien las características nutricionales del producto. La harina de cáscara de maracuyá es un subproducto con excelentes propiedades antioxidantes de beneficio para el consumidor que puede ser incluida en la industria de alimentos. Objetivo: Evaluar los compuestos antioxidantes, estabilidad fisicoquímica y aceptabilidad sensorial de un néctar a base de pitahaya con harina de cáscara de maracuyá. Materiales y métodos: Se establecieron tres formulaciones de bebida de pitahaya con harina de cáscara de maracuyá (HCM): T1 (1% HCM), T2 (3% HCM) y T3 (5% HCM). Se analizó la composición proximal del subproducto, en los néctares de fruta se evaluó su calidad microbiológica, compuestos antioxidantes (fenoles totales, actividad antioxidante), estabilidad fisicoquímica (pH, acidez, sólidos solubles, densidad, viscosidad, turbidez) cada 7 días durante 1 mes y aceptabilidad sensorial. Resultados y discusiones: A excepción de la densidad, el ANOVA determinó p<0,05% en las demás variables fisicoquímicas, identificando como mejor tratamiento en contenido de fenoles totales 48,4635 ± 0,24 mg ácido gálico / 100 mL y actividad antioxidante 18,0555 ± 0,27 µmol Equivalente a Trolox / 100 mL al tratamiento T3. Durante la evaluación de estabilidad fisicoquímica, el T3 fue inestable en cunto a los niveles de pH y vitamina C, mientras que, en los demás parámetros la HCM no influyó sobre la estabilidad del néctar. Los atributos del perfil sensorial presentaron un p<0,05%. Todos los tratamientos cumplieron con la calidad microbiológica que exige la norma INEN 2337, el tratamiento T1 fue el mejor a nivel sensorial y de colorimetría. Conclusiones: No es recomendable utilizar más del 1% de harina de cáscara de maracuyá en el néctar de pitahaya, ya que afecta la percepción del consumidor, sin embargo, entre mayor sea su concentración mejor serán los niveles de antioxidantes en la bebida.(AU)

Introduction: Currently, there is great interest in new fruitdrink formulations that enhance the nutritional characteristicsof the product. Passion fruit husk flour is a by-product withexcellent antioxidant properties of benefit to the consumerthat can be included in the food industry. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant compounds,physicochemical stability and sensory acceptability of a pitahaya based nectar with passion fruit peel flour. Materials and methods: Three pitahaya drink formulations with passion fruit husk flour (HCM) were established: T1(1% HCM), T2 (3% HCM) and T3 (5% HCM). The proximalcomposition of the byproduct was analyzed, in the fruit nectars its microbiological quality, antioxidant compounds (totalphenols, antioxidant activity), physicochemical stability (pH,acidity, soluble solids, density, viscosity, turbidity) were evaluated every 7 days for 1 month and sensory acceptability.Results and discussions: With the exception of density,the ANOVA determined p<0.05% in the other physicochemical variables, identifying 48.4635 ± 0.24 mg gallic acid / 100mL as the best treatment in total phenol content and antioxidant activity. 18.0555 ± 0.27 μmol Equivalent to Trolox / 100mL to T3 treatment. During the physicochemical stability evaluation, T3 was unstable in terms of pH and vitamin C levels, while the HCM did not influence the stability of the nectar inthe other parameters. The attributes of the sensory profilepresented a p<0.05%. All the treatments complied with themicrobiological quality required by the INEN 2337 standard,the T1 treatment was the best at the sensory and colorimetric level. Conclusions: It is not recommended to use more than 1%of passion fruit peel flour in pitahaya nectar, since it affects consumer perception, however, the higher its concentration,the better the antioxidant levels in the drink.(AU)

Analysis of antioxidant activity on cocktail honey products as female pre-conception supplements

Objective: Cocktail honey is derived from a mixture of honey (trigona sp.), bee bread, and homogeneous royal jelly. The material has a phenolic content rich in antioxidants that are beneficial for women's reproductive health, especially for pre-conception, because it can suppress the content of free radicals in the body. Antioxidants are useful to overcome oxidative damage due to free radicals in the body that prevent various diseases from increasing fertility during pre-conception. Method: This study used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test method using UV–vis spectrophotometry to express the value of free radical reduction activity as IC50 (inhibitory concentration) values. Results: The DPPH test on cocktail honey products obtained an average yield of 4577.7 μg/mL, which was included in the product category was very weak in the antioxidant activity content. Conclusion: The content contained in the honey cocktail contains weak bioactive content by assessing the antioxidant content using DPPH. The difference in the results of antioxidant activity tests using DPPH is caused by the test method and the conditions used in processing, homogeneous ingredients, solvent volume, extraction time, temperature, and pressure in product management. (AU)

Falsos positivos en el despistaje de metadona en orina secundarios a tapentadol / False positives in urine methadone screening secondary to tapentadol

No disponible

Onicectomía parcial con matricectomía por abrasión mecánica vs. fenolización en el tratamiento de la uña incarnata / Partial onicectomy with matricectomy by mechanical abrasion versus phenolization in the treatment of the incarnate nail

INTRODUCCIÓN: La onicocriptosis o uña incarnata es una patología altamente prevalente en la población pediátrica. El abordaje quirúrgico es el tratamiento definitivo en estadios avanzados, siendo la onicectomía con matricectomía química y la mecánica las técnicas más utilizadas. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la tasa de recidivas locales de ambas técnicas quirúrgicas. Población y métodos: Se realiza un estudio ambispectivo entre 2010 y 2017 en pacientes con diagnóstico de onicocriptosis que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente. Grupo A: onicectomía parcial con matricectomía química con fenol. Grupo B: matricectomía por abrasión mecánica. Se recogen variables demográficas, quirúrgicas, postoperatorias inmediatas y complicaciones a largo plazo. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa estadístico SPSS Statics versión 22, considerándose significación estadística un valor de p <0,05. RESULTADOS: Un total de 87 pacientes se incluyeron en el estudio. En el grupo A (12 pacientes), 2 casos (16,7%) presentaron celulitis locales postoperatorias, 4 casos (33%) presentaron recidivas ipsilaterales y uno de ellos, una segunda recidiva. En el grupo B (75 pacientes) no se describen complicaciones postoperatorias inmediatas y 7 pacientes (9%) padecieron recidivas ipsilaterales, de los cuales 3 tuvieron una segunda recidiva. Ambos grupos presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el índice de recidivas (p= 0,04). CONCLUSIÓN: En nuestra experiencia la onicectomía parcial con matricectomía mecánica por abrasión presenta una baja tasa de complicaciones y de recidivas locales respecto a la fenolización en población pediátrica. Es necesaria la realización de nuevos estudios prospectivos aleatorizados para confirmar esta diferencia

INTRODUCTION: The onychocryptosis in the pediatric population is a highly prevalent pathology. The surgical approach is the treatment of choice in advanced stages with two different techniques, onicectomy with matricectomy by chemical or mechanical abrasion. The purpose of this study is to compare the local recurrences in these two different approaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an ambispective cohort study between 2010 and 2017 in two groups. Group A: partial onicectomy with matricectomy by chemical abrasion with phenol. Group B: matricectomy by mechanical abrasion. Demographic, surgical, immediate postoperative variables and long-term complications are compared. The statics was performed with the SPSS Static 22 software. P value < 0.05 is consider statistically significant. RESULTS: The study included 87 patients. In group A (12 patients), or chemical matricectomy two cases (16.7%) presented local cellulitis, 4 cases (33%) presented a local recurrence and one of them suffered from a second recurrence. Group B (75 patients) or mechanical matricectomy, did not show immediate postoperative complications and 7 patients (9%) suffered from an ipsilateral recurrence. A second recurrence appeared in three of them. The differences in the recurrence rate between group A and B were statistically significant (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: In our experience partial onicectomy with matricectomy by mechanical abrasion in onychocryptosis has a low rate of complications and local recurrences compared to phenolization in pediatric patients. It is necessary to perform new randomized and prospective studies to confirm this difference

Actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria in vitro de extractos de chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst) / In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of chaya extracts (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst)

Introducción: las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) son la principal causa de muerte en todo el mundo. Los metabolitos secundarios provenientes de fuentes vegetales como Cnidoscolus aconitifolius pueden usarse como coadyuvante en la prevención de las enfermedades relacionadas con el estrés oxidativo y la inflamación, tales como las ECNT. Objetivo: se evaluó la actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria in vitro de los compuestos biológicamente activos de extractos de C. aconitifolius. Métodos: se determinó el contenido de fenoles, flavonoides, flavanonas e hidroflavonoles. El potencial antioxidante se determinó con los ensayos de 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH), ácido 2,2'-azinobis (3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfónico) (ABTS) y la actividad inhibitoria de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina (ACE). Para la actividad antiinflamatoria se utilizaron la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) cuantitativa en tiempo real y el ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas (ELISA) en macrófagos diferenciados de monocitos THP-1 y estimulados con lipopolisacárido (LPS). Resultados: el extracto acuoso registró el mayor contenido de fenoles (70,61  0,07 g/100 g de extracto) y el extracto etanólico registró el mayor contenido de flavonoides (47,76  4,84 g/100 g de extracto), flavanonas y dihidroflavonoles (70,10  7,29 g/100 g de extracto). El extracto acetónico registró la mayor inhibición del radical DPPH (49,85 ± 5,30 %) mientras que el etanólico presentó la mayor inhibición del radical ABTS (41,01 ± 3,81 %). Los extractos etanólico y acuoso inhibieron la ECA. El extracto etanólico tuvo la mayor actividad antiinflamatoria al reducir la expresión génica de TNF- en un 39,78 % y la de IL-6 en un 97,81 %, y su producción en un 46 % y un 48,38 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones: los extractos mostraron in vitro su potencial antioxidante y antiinflamatorio por su contenido en compuestos bioactivos

Introduction: noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the main cause of death worldwide. Secondary metabolites from plant sources such as Cnidoscolus aconitifolius may be used as adjuvants in the prevention of diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation such as NCDs. Objective: the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities associated with biologically active compounds in C. aconitifolius extracts were evaluated. Methods: the contents of phenols, flavonoids, flavonones and hydroflavonoles were determined. The potential antioxidant activity was determined with 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. For anti-inflammatory activity quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used in macrophages derived from THP-1 monocytes and stimulated with LPS. Results: the aqueous extract recorded the highest phenolic content (70.61  0.07 g/100 g of extract), and the ethanolic extract registered the highest content in flavonoids (47.76  4.84 g/100 g of extract), flavonones and dihydroflavonoles (70.10  7.29 g/100 g of extract). The acetone extract obtained the highest DPPH inhibition (49.85 ± 5.30 %), while the ethanolic extract showed the highest ABTS inhibition (41.01 ± 3.81 %). The etanolic and aqueous extracts had the highest ACE inhibition. The ethanolic extract had the highest anti-inflammatory activity, decreasing gene expression for TNF- by 39.78 % and for IL-6 by 97.81 %, and their production by 46 % and 48.38 %, respectively, in macrophages stimulated with LPS. Conclusions: these extracts demonstrated in vitro their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential due to their content of bioactive compounds

Green tea extract protects the renal cortex against bisphenol A-induced nephrotoxicity in the adult male albino rat: a histological andimmunohistochemical study

Bisphenol A is a chemical used in the production of the plastic lining of food and beverage containers. As plastics are used extensively in modern life, bisphenol A is liberated into the surrounding environment. The goal of this study was to illustrate the histopathological effects of bisphenol A on the renal cortex with referral to the possible ameliorative effect of green tea extract and to throw more light on some underlying mechanisms, for the first time up to our knowledge, by which green tea extract exerted its effects against bisphenol A-induced nephrotoxicity. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into four groups: Group I (control group); Group II (bisphenol A-treated group), received bisphenol by gavage 125 μg/kg once daily for 35 days; Group III (bisphenol A and green tea extract treated group), received bisphenol by gavage 125 μg/kg simultaneously with 200 mg/kg/day green tea extract once daily for 35 days; and Group IV (green tea extract treated group), received 200 mg/kg/day green tea extract for 35 days by gavage. At the end of the study, rats were anesthetized and the kidney from all groups were extracted and examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Deterioration of kidney structure was greatest in group II as compa-red to control group. Some of the renal corpuscles showed widening of the Bowman's capsule, shrunken degenerated glomerular tuft and dilated congested glomerular capillaries. Interstitial and intra-tubular hemorrhage was also observed. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the collagen deposition in bisphenol A-treated group in addition to up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Fas Ligand (Fas L), alpha smooth muscle actin (alfa-SMA) and desmin immunoreaction. The co-administration of green tea extract greatly reduced these nephrotoxic effects of bisphenol A exposure through its antioxidant

No disponible

Desinfectantes químicos: Fenoles y tensioactivos (Amonios cuaternarios) / No disponible

No disponible

Flammulina velutipes: an option for 'alperujo' use / Flammulina velutipes: una opción para el aprovechamiento del alperujo

Background. Two-phase olive-mill wastes (or 'alperujo') exhibit highly phytotoxic properties, mainly due to phenols. A valuable option for alperujo is its agricultural use, provided that no phytotoxic effects occur. Aims. The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of two strains of the lignin-degrading fungus Flammulina velutipes to colonize alperujo in order to produce edible mushrooms and to achieve its detoxification. Methods. Some important cultural characters related to mushroom production (earliness, biological efficiency and quality of basidiomes) were estimated. The production of lignocellulolytic enzymes, phenol removal and detoxification of the substrate was evaluated. Results. High biological efficiencies (70.8%) were obtained at 12°C with F. velutipes strain BAFC 670/06 in a substrate containing poplar wood shavings and 90% of alperujo. The nature of the substrate did not seem to exert an important influence on pileus and stem morphology; nevertheless shortest stems were observed at higher temperatures. Endo-β-1,4-glucanase, endo-β-1,4-xylanase, laccase and Mn-peroxidase activities were detected in the extracts recovered from the solid-state cultures. Both F. velutipes strains were effective in removing the phenolic compounds. The initial concentration in the substrate with 90% alperujo was reduced in the case of F. velutipes BAFC 1763 by 84.31%, and 40.15% by F. velutipes BAFC 670/06. Germinability experiments on Raphanus sativus, showed that alperujo phytotoxicity was significantly reduced by F. velutipes cultures. Conclusions. The experimented changes by the spent mushroom substrate resulting from F. velutipes cultivation with high amount of alperujo would allow its reuse for agricultural purposes (AU)

Antecedentes. El alperujo, subproducto de las almazaras durante la extracción del aceite de oliva, tiene propiedades fitotóxicas importantes debido a su alto contenido fenólico. Su utilización en la agricultura es una opción válida, pero deben eliminarse sus efectos fitotóxicos. Objetivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficacia de dos cepas del hongo ligninolítico Flammulina velutipes de crecer en sustratos con alto contenido de alperujo, detoxificarlo y producir basidiomas comestibles. Métodos. Se estudiaron las principales características relacionadas con el cultivo para la producción de basidiomas: tiempo de aparición de primordios, eficiencia biológica y calidad. Se evaluó la producción de enzimas lignocelulolíticas, la remoción de compuestos fenólicos y la detoxificación del sustrato. Resultados. Se obtuvieron altos valores de eficiencia biológica (70,8%) a 12°C con la cepa BAFC 670/06 de F. velutipes en un sustrato compuesto de viruta de álamo y 90% de alperujo. La naturaleza del sustrato al parecer no ejerció influencias importantes en la morfología de los basidiomas, aunque a altas temperaturas los estípites presentaron una menor longitud. Se detectó actividad endo-β-1,4-glucanasa, endo-β-1,4-xilanasa, lacasa y Mn-peroxidasa en extractos recuperados de cultivos en estado sólido. Ambas cepas fueron efectivas en la reducción del contenido de fenoles del sustrato, reducción que alcanzó el 84,31% con F. velutipes BAFC 1763 y el 40,15% con F. velutipes BAFC 670/06. Los ensayos de germinación de semillas de Raphanus sativus mostraron una significativa reducción de la fitotoxicidad del alperujo. Conclusiones. Los cambios experimentados por el sustrato remanente del cultivo de F. velutipes con altas concentraciones de alperujo podrían permitir su reutilización con fines agrícolas (AU)

Chain elongation analog of resveratrol as potent cancer chemoprevention agent

Resveratrol is identified as a natural cancer chemoprevention agent. There has been a lot of interest in designing and developing resveratrol analogs with cancer chemoprevention activity superior to that of parent molecule and exploring their action mechanism in the past several decades. In this study, we have synthesized resveratrol analogs of compounds A-C via conjugated chain elongation based on isoprene unit retention strategy. Remarkably, cytotoxic activity analysis results indicated that compound B possesses the best proliferation inhibition activity for NCI-H460 cells in all the test compounds. Intriguingly, compound B displayed a higher cytotoxicity against human non-small cell lung cancer cells (NCI-H460) compared to normal human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5). Afterward, flow cytometry analysis showed that compound B would induce cell apoptosis. We further researched the action mechanism. When NCI-H460 cells were incubated by compound B for 6 or 9 h, respectively, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was enhanced obviously. With elevation of intracellular ROS level, flow cytometry measurement verified mitochondrial transmembrane potential collapse, which was accompanied by the up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2. More interestingly, compound B increased the expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3, which induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, compound B arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. These are all to provide useful information for designing resveratrol-based chemoprevention agent and understanding the action mechanism (AU)

No disponible

Guía de uso de desinfectantes en el ámbito sanitario de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública e Higiene: Noviembre 2014 / No disponible

No disponible

Screening of polyphenolic compounds in Piper trioicum (Roxb. ) extracts / Cribado de compuestos polifenólicos en extractos de Piper trioicum (Roxb. )

Aims: Present study aims to reveal the polyphenol content in Piper trioicum (Roxb.) extracts. Materials and methods: In the present study, the phenolic content of the ethanol and water extracts of Piper trioicum (Roxb.) plants was determined by chromatography techniques like Thin layer chromatography, high performance thin layer Chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and Gas chromatography with Mass spectrometric detection. Total phenol was determined by UV method. Results: All the results of analytical methods were compared with standard phenolic compounds. The ethanol extract contained maximum total phenolic content (2.323mg GAE/g) than the water extract. 13 compounds identified by chromatography techniques. The results suggested Arbutin, quercetin, caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, Gallic acid and its derivatives may be present in ethanolic and water extracts of Piper trioicum. Conclusions: The water and ethanol could extract the highest concentration of polyphenols from the Piper trioicum (Roxb) plant; these extracts may have a good pharmacological potency due to the presence of polyphenols compounds

Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo revelar el contenido de polifenoles en extractos de Piper trioicum ( Roxb. ). Materiales y métodos: El contenido de fenoles totales en los extractos etanólicos y acuosos de Piper trioicum ( Roxb. ) se determinó mediante técnicas cromatografías, como la cromatografía en capa fina, cromatografía en capa fina de alto rendimiento, cromatografía líquida de alta resolución y cromatografía de gases con espectrometría de masas detección. El contenido de fenoles totales se determinó por el método UV. Resultados: Los resultados de los métodos de análisis se compararon con compuestos fenólicos estándar . Los extractos de etanol tienen un contenido mayor de fenoles totales ( 2.323mg GAE / g ) que los extracto acuosos. Se han identificado 13 compuestos por técnicas de cromatografía . Los resultados sugirieron que arbutina, quercetina, ácido caféico, ácido ferúlico, ácido clorogénico, ácido gálico y sus derivados puede estar presente en los extractos etanólicos y acuoso de Piper trioicum. Conclusiones: El agua y el etanol podrían extraer la mayor concentración de polifenoles de la planta Piper trioicum (Roxb); estos extractos pueden tener un buen potencial farmacológico debido a la presencia de compuestos fenolicos

Syzygium cumini is more effective in preventing the increase of erythrocytic ADA activity than phenolic compounds under hyperglycemic conditions in vitro

Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) is a plant known for its antidiabetic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Sc aqueous leaf extract (ASc) on adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in erythrocytes (RBCs) exposed to high glucose concentrations (30 mM) in vitro. We also investigated the effects of the main phenolic compounds found in ASc (gallic acid, rutin, and chlorogenic acid) and the effects of insulin, caffeine, and dipyridamole, which are substances involved in the adenosine metabolism, on ADA activity in vitro. Blood samples were obtained from healthy volunteers and a suspension of RBCs was used for the determination of ADA activity. The results showed that: (1) the effect of ASc on ADA activity was more significant than the combination of phenolic compounds; (2) insulin, caffeine, or dipyridamole prevented high glucose increase of ADA activity at doses as low as 50 μU/mL, 25 μM, and 1 μM, respectively; (3) the inhibitory effect caused by ASc on erythrocyte ADA activity remained practically the same after the combination of the extract with insulin or caffeine; (4) when RBCs were exposed to ASc plus dipyridamole, this chemical attenuated the effect of ASc on ADA activity, suggesting an antagonism or a competition with ASc by the same site of action. Therefore, ASc was more effective in preventing the increase in ADA activity than phenolic compounds, suggesting that ASc may collaborate to improve endothelial dysfunction, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic properties of adenosine by affecting its metabolism. The results of this study help to provide evidence of the empirically supported benefits of the use of S. cumini in diabetes

Potencial antioxidante y antifúngico de extractos de metanol de Phellinus spp. de Sonora, México / Antioxidant and antifungal potential of methanol extracts of Phellinus spp. from Sonora, Mexico

Antecedentes. Investigaciones previas han revelado que los hongos de la especie Phellinus son una fuente potencial de sustancias bioactivas. Entre ellas, los fenoles son los principales antioxidantes y antimicrobianos que contribuyen a sus propiedades bioactivas. Objetivos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el contenido total de fenoles y flavonoides, y su relación con la actividad antioxidante y antifúngica de Phellinus gilvus, Phellinus rimosus y Phellinus badius, respectivamente, extraídos con metanol. Métodos. Los aislamientos de Phellinus fueron tratados con metanol para la extracción de la fracción acuosa. Mediante análisis espectroscópico del extracto acuoso generado se cuantificó el contenido total de fenoles y flavonoides, la actividad antioxidante frente a 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), la capacidad antioxidante expresada como equivalentes Trolox® (ET), y la capacidad de absorción del oxígeno reactivo. Las propiedades antifúngicas de los extractos se examinaron frente a Alternaria alternata. Resultados. El contenido de fenoles fue de 49,31, 46,51 y 44,7mg de equivalentes de ácido gálico/g, para P. gilvus, P rimosus y P. badius respectivamente. El contenido de flavonoides siguió el mismo patrón, con valores de 30,58, 28 y 26,48mg de equivalentes de quercetina/g, para P. gilvus, P. rimosus y P. badius, respectivamente. La variación en el contenido de fenoles se reflejó en la actividad antioxidante de cada hongo. La actividad antioxidante se clasificó del modo siguiente: P. gilvus>P. rimosus>P. badius. El efecto antifúngico de los diferentes extractos frente a A. alternata fue significativo, inhibiendo todos ellos el crecimiento de dicho patógeno. Conclusiones. P. gilvus manifestó la mayor capacidad antioxidante y los extractos de los tres hongos inhibieron el crecimiento de A. alternata(AU)

Background. Among the potential natural sources of bioactive compounds, those of the macroscopic fungi Phellinus spp. have been identified by previous researches. Phenolic compounds are among the major antioxidant and antimicrobial contributors due to their bioactive properties. Aims. The goal of this study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and its relation with the antioxidant and antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of Phellinus gilvus, Phellinus rimosus and Phellinus badius, respectively. Methods. The collected and identified organisms of Phellinus spp. were treated with methanol and the generated aqueous extract was analyzed to quantified total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, radical scavenging activity against DPPH, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and oxygen absorbance capacity. The antifungal property of the extracts was evaluated against Alternaria alternata. Results. The content of phenolic compounds was of 49.31, 46.51 and 44.7mg of gallic acid equivalents/g, for P. gilvus, P. rimosus and P. badius, respectively. The total flavonoid content followed the same pattern with values of 30.58, 28, and 26.48mg of quercetin equivalents/g for P. gilvus, P. rimosus and P. badius, respectively. The variation on the content of phenolic components was reflected on the antioxidant activity of every organism. The antioxidant activity ranked as follows: P. gilvus>P. rimosus>P. badius. The antifungal effect of the different extracts against A. alternata showed a significant effect, all of them, inhibiting the growth of this pathogen. Conclusions. P. gilvus showed the best potential to inactivate free radicals, being all the tested fungi effective to inhibit A. alternata growth(AU)

Dermatitis alérgica por contacto con plantas. Entender las bases químicas ayudará al enfoque diagnóstico / Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Plants: Understanding the Chemistry will Help our Diagnostic Approach

La dermatitis alérgica por contacto debida a plantas es común. Se pueden encontrar plantas y productos vegetales potencialmente alergénicos en muchos entornos habituales como el hogar, el jardín, el lugar de trabajo y ambientes recreativos. Mejorando nuestro conocimiento de los compuestos químicos alergénicos derivados de plantas estaremos en una mejor posición para identificar alérgenos nuevos. Revisamos los alérgenos químicos que contribuyen de manera más relevante a la dermatitis alérgica por contacto por plantas y proponemos un sistema de clasificación clínica basado en 5 principales familias de sensibilizadores químicos: alfa−metilen-epsilon-butirolactonas, quinonas, derivados fenólicos, terpenos y estructuras misceláneas (disulfuros, isotiocianatos y derivados poliacetilénicos). Describimos también los diferentes cuadros clínicos de dermatitis alérgica por contacto por plantas y revisamos los materiales de pruebas epicutáneas actualmente disponibles. Un mejor entendimiento de los alérgenos específicos involucrados en la dermatitis alérgica por contacto por plantas ayudará a predecir reacciones cruzadas entre diferentes especies o familias de plantas (AU)

Allergic contact dermatitis due to plants is common. Potentially allergenic plants and plant products are found in many everyday environments, such as the home, the garden, the workplace, and recreational settings. By improving our knowledge of allergenic plant-derived chemical compounds, we will be better positioned to identify novel allergens. We review the most relevant chemical allergens that contribute to plant allergic contact dermatitis and propose a clinical classification system based on 5 major families of chemical sensitizers: alpha-methylene-epsilon-butyrolactones, quinones, phenol derivatives, terpenes, and miscellaneous structures (disulfides, isothiocyanates, and polyacetylenic derivates). We also describe the different clinical pictures of plant allergic contact dermatitis and review currently available patch test materials. A better understanding of the specific allergens involved in plant allergic contact dermatitis will help to predict cross-reactivity between different plant species or families (AU)

Productos naturales con actividad leishmanicida y tripanocida / Natural products with leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity

Las enfermedades parasitarias constituyen un importante problema de salud, y muchas de ellas están emergiendo en países donde se consideraban erradicadas. La leishmaniasis, la enfermedad del sueño y la enfermedad de Chagas, causadas por los parásitos Leishmania spp, Trypanosoma brucei y Trypanosoma cruzi, respectivamente, se encuentran entre las enfermedades parasitarias más prevalentes. La principal alternativa para tratarlas es la quimioterapia. Sin embargo, los tratamientos actuales se encuentran lejos de ser satisfactorios. La toxicidad de los fármacos, la vía de administración, la duración de los tratamientos y la aparición de resistencias hacen necesario el desarrollo de nuevas moléculas activas, más seguras y eficaces. Estudios recientes ponen de manifiesto la actividad leishmanicida y tripanocida in vivo de una amplia variedad de compuestos fenólicos, alcaloides y terpenos. En este artículo se revisan los productos naturales activos frente a leishmaniasis, enfermedad del sueño y enfermedad de Chagas (AU)

Diseases caused by protozoan parasites are still an important human health problem, since many of them are becoming “emerging” infectious sickness in geographical areas where they were considered eradicated. Leishmaniasis, African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, caused by the parasites Leishmania spp, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively, are among the most important parasitic diseases. The main alternative to control such parasitosis is chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the current drug treatments are far from being satisfactory. Toxic side effects, route of administration, long-term treatments and the apparition of resistance, highlight the urgent need of developing new active molecules, more safe and effective. Recent studies report the leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities of a wide variety of phenolic compounds, alkaloids and terpenes that have shown activity in vivo. This review outlines the current understanding of natural products against leishmaniasis, African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease (AU)

Probable gamma-aminobutyric acid involvement in bisphenol A effect at the hypothalamic level in adult male rats

No disponible

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on the neuroendocrine mechanism of control of the reproductive axis in adult male rats exposed to it during pre- and early postnatal periods. Wistar mated rats were treated with either 0.1% ethanol or BPA in their drinking water until their offspring were weaned at the age of 21 days. The estimated average dose of exposure to dams was approximately 2.5 mg/kg body weight per day of BPA. After 21 days, the pups were separated from the mother and sacrificed on 70 day of life. Gn-RH and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from hypothalamic fragments was measured. LH, FSH, and testosterone concentrations were determined, and histological and morphometrical studies of testis were performed. Gn-RH release decreased significantly, while GABA serum levels were markedly increased by treatment. LH serum levels showed no changes, and FSH and testosterone levels decreased significantly. Histological studies showed abnormalities in the tubular organization of the germinal epithelium. The cytoarchitecture of germinal cells was apparently normal, and a reduction of the nuclear area of Leydig cells but not their number was observed. Taken all together, these results provide evidence of the effect caused by BPA on the adult male reproductive axis when exposed during pre- and postnatal period. Moreover, our findings suggest a probable GABA involvement in its effect at the hypothalamic level (AU)