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4.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 24(11): 2120-2135, noviembre 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-210140

RESUMO

Despite significant improvement in therapeutic development in the past decades, breast cancer remains a formidable cause of death for women worldwide. The hormone positive subtype (HR(+)) (also known as luminal type) is the most prevalant category of breast cancer, comprising ~70% of patients. The clinical success of the three CDK4/6 inhibitors palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib has revolutionized the treatment of choice for metastatic HR(+) breast cancer. Accumulating evidence demonstrate that the properties of CDK4/6 inhibitors extend beyond inhibition of the cell cycle, including modulation of immune function, sensitizing PI3K inhibitors, metabolism reprogramming, kinome rewiring, modulation of the proteosome, and many others. The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (UPP) is a crucial cellular proteolytic system that maintains the homeostasis and turnover of proteins.MethodsWe performed transcriptional profiling of the HR(+) breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D treated with Palbociclib. Differential expressed genes were analyzed for novel pathways enriched. The results were further validated with biochemical assays and with real world clinical database cohorts.ResultsWe uncovered a novel mechanism that demonstrate the CDK4/6 inhibitors suppress the expression of three ubiquitin conjugating enzymes UBE2C, UBE2S, UBE2T. Further validation in the HR(+) cell lines show that Palbociclib and ribociclib decrease UBE2C at both the mRNA and protein level, but this phenomenon was not shared with abemaciclib. These three E2 enzymes modulate several E3 ubiquitin ligases, including the APC/C complex which plays a role in G1/S progression. We further demonstrate the UBE2C/UBE2T expression levels are associated with breast cancer survival, and HR(+) breast cancer cells demonstrate dependence on the UBE2C.ConclusionsOur study suggests a novel link between CDK4/6 inhibitor and UPP pathway, adding to the potential mechanisms of their clinical efficacy in cancer. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Aminopiridinas , Benzimidazóis , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Hormônios/uso terapêutico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Ubiquitinas/uso terapêutico , Purinas , RNA Mensageiro
5.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 24(11): 2251-2253, noviembre 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-210154

RESUMO

Purpose Despite signifcant improvement in therapeuticdevelopment in the past decades, breast cancer remains a formidable cause of death for women worldwide. The hormonepositive subtype (HR(+)) (also known as luminal type) is themost prevalant category of breast cancer, comprising~70%of patients. The clinical success of the three CDK4/6 inhibitors palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib has revolutionized the treatment of choice for metastatic HR(+) breast cancer. Accumulating evidence demonstrate that the propertiesof CDK4/6 inhibitors extend beyond inhibition of the cellcycle, including modulation of immune function, sensitizing PI3K inhibitors, metabolism reprogramming, kinomerewiring, modulation of the proteosome, and many others.The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (UPP) is a crucial cellular proteolytic system that maintains the homeostasis andturnover of proteins.Methods We performed transcriptional profiling of theHR(+) breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D treated withPalbociclib. Diferential expressed genes were analyzed fornovel pathways enriched. The results were further validatedwith biochemical assays and with real world clinical database cohorts.Results We uncovered a novel mechanism that demonstratethe CDK4/6 inhibitors suppress the expression of threeubiquitin conjugating enzymes UBE2C, UBE2S, UBE2T.Further validation in the HR(+) cell lines show that Palbociclib and ribociclib decrease UBE2C at both the mRNAand protein level, but this phenomenon was not shared withabemaciclib. These three E2 enzymes modulate severalE3 ubiquitin ligases, including the APC/C complex whichplays a role in G1/S progression. We further demonstrate theUBE2C/UBE2T expression levels are associated with breastcancer survival, and HR(+) breast cancer cells demonstratedependence on the UBE2C.Conclusions Our study suggests a novel link betweenCDK4/6 inhibitor and UPP pathway, adding to the potentialmechanisms of their clinical efcacy in cancer. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Aminopiridinas , Benzimidazóis , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Hormônios/uso terapêutico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Ubiquitinas/uso terapêutico , Purinas , RNA Mensageiro
8.
Farm. hosp ; 45(4): 165-169, julio-agosto 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-218698

RESUMO

Objetivo: Objetivo principal: describir la efectividad y seguridad debaricitinib y tofacitinib en pacientes diagnosticados de artritis reumatoideen nuestro centro. Objetivo secundario: analizar si existen diferenciasentre ambos fármacos en práctica clínica real.Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de 2 años de duraciónque incluyó pacientes diagnosticados de artritis reumatoide en tratamientocon baricitinib o tofacitinib en nuestro centro durante al menos 6 meses.Bases de datos: historia clínica electrónica, aplicativo informático dedispensación a pacientes externos. Variables recogidas: demográficas,factores de mal pronóstico, tratamiento previo, duración de tratamiento,tratamiento concomitante, escala DAS28, número de articulaciones inflamadas y dolorosas, escala visual analógica del dolor, suspensión deltratamiento y reacciones adversas. Evaluación de la efectividad: disminución en la escala DAS28, articulaciones inflamadas y dolorosas y escalavisual analógica del dolor a los 6 y 12 meses de iniciado el tratamiento.Evaluación de la seguridad: detección de reacciones adversas. Análisisestadístico: prueba t-student.Resultados: Se evaluaron 44 pacientes, 20 (70% mujeres) recibierontratamiento con baricitinib, 24 (95,8% mujeres) con tofacitinib. Baricitinibredujo la puntuación en la escala DAS28 en 2,3 y 1,7 a los 6 y 12 meses.Tofacitinib en 2 y 1,9 respectivamente. Baricitinib redujo el número de articulaciones inflamadas y dolorosas en 7 a los 6 y 12 meses, tofacitinib en 4 las inflamadas y 6 las dolorosas. Baricitinib redujo la puntuación en la escala visual analógica del dolor en 7,8 y 6,8; tofacitinib en5 y 6 a los 6 y 12 meses. El 40% de los pacientes con baricitinib y el62,5% con tofacitinib precisaron tratamiento con corticoides. El 10% delos pacientes con baricitinib y el 25% de los pacientes con tofacitinibsuspendieron el tratamiento por ineficacia. (AU)


Objective: Main objective: Describe the effectiveness and safety ofbaricitinib and tofacitinib in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis inour hospital. Secondary objective: Analyse whether there are differencesbetween the two drugs in routine clinical practice.Method: Two-year retrospective study of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis treated in our hospital with baricitinib and tofacitinib forat least 6 months. Databases: Electronic medical record and outpatientmedication dispensing software. Variables collected: Demographic variables, poor prognosis factors, previous treatment, duration of treatment,concomitant treatment, DAS28, number of swollen and painful joints, painvisual analogy scale, treatment discontinuation, and adverse reactions.Effectiveness evaluation: Decreases in the DAS28 scale, the number ofswollen and painful joints, and the pain Visual Analogy Scale at 6 monthsand 12 months after starting treatment. Safety evaluation: Detection ofadverse reactions. Statistical analysis: Student t-test.Results: A total of 44 patients were evaluated. Of these, 20 (70% women)received treatment with baricitinib and 24 (95.8% women) received tofacitinib. Baricitinib reduced the DAS28 by 2.3 and 1.7 at 6 months and12 months, respectively, and tofacitinib reduced the scale by 2 and 1.9 at6 months and 12 months, respectively. Baricitinib reduced the numberof swollen and painful joints by 7 at both 6 months and 12 months, and tofacitinib reduced the number of swollen and painful joints by 4 and 6at 6 months and 12 months, respectively. Baricitinib reduced the VisualAnalogy Scale score by 7.8 and 6.8 at 6 months and 12 months, respectively, and tofacitinib reduced the score by 5 and 6 at 6 months and12 months, respectively. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Azetidinas , Piperidinas , Purinas/uso terapêutico , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
10.
Gastroenterol. hepatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(3): 205-221, mar. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-171135

RESUMO

Las tiopurinas (azatioprina y mercaptopurina) se usan frecuentemente en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. En este documento, revisaremos sus principales indicaciones, así como aspectos prácticos de seguridad, eficacia y modo de empleo. Sus usos principales son el mantenimiento de la remisión en la enfermedad corticodependiente o tras el control de un brote grave de colitis ulcerosa con ciclosporina, la prevención de la recurrencia posquirúrgica en enfermedad de Crohn y el empleo en terapia combinada junto con biológicos. El 30-40% de pacientes no responderá al tratamiento y un 10-20% no tolerará el tratamiento por efectos adversos. Antes de iniciarlas, se recomienda evaluar el estado de inmunización frente a ciertas infecciones; la determinación previa de la actividad de la tiopurina·metiltransferasa (TPMT) no es imprescindible, pero permite mayor seguridad inicial. La dosis adecuada es de 2,5mg/kg/día para azatioprina y de 1,5mg/kg/día para mercaptopurina. Algunos efectos adversos son idiosincrásicos (intolerancia digestiva, pancreatitis, fiebre, artromialgias, exantema y algunos casos de hepatotoxicidad). Otros son dosis-dependientes (mielotoxicidad y otros tipos de hepatotoxicidad) y su vigilancia debe mantenerse mientras dure el tratamiento. Si son ineficaces o aparecen efectos adversos, puede recurrirse al cambio de tiopurina, la reducción de dosis, combinar dosis bajas de azatioprina con alopurinol y determinar metabolitos antes de descartar su uso. Los tumores de piel distintos al melanoma, los linfomas y los tumores del tracto urinario se han relacionado con su administración. Las tiopurinas son fármacos seguros en la concepción, gestación y lactancia (AU)


Thiopurines (azathioprine and mercaptopurine) are widely used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In this paper, we review the main indications for their use, as well as practical aspects on efficacy, safety and method of administration. They are mainly used to maintain remission in steroid-dependent disease or with ciclosporin to control a severe ulcerative colitis flare-up, as well as to prevent postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence, and also in combination therapy with biologics. About 30-40% of patients will not respond to treatment and 10-20% will not tolerate it due to adverse effects. Before they are prescribed, immunisation status against certain infections should be checked. Determination of thiopurine methyltransferase activity (TPMT) is not mandatory but it increases initial safety. The appropriate dose is 2.5mg/kg/day for azathioprine and 1.5mg/kg/day for mercaptopurine. Some adverse effects are idiosyncratic (digestive intolerance, pancreatitis, fever, arthromyalgia, rash and some forms of hepatotoxicity). Others are dose-dependent (myelotoxicity and other types of hepatotoxicity), and their surveillance should never be interrupted during treatment. If therapy fails or adverse effects develop, management can include switching from one thiopurine to the other, reducing the dose, combining low doses of azathioprine with allopurinol and assessing metabolites, before their use is ruled out. Non-melanoma skin cancer, lymphomas and urinary tract tumours have been linked to thiopurine therapy. Thiopurine use is safe during conception, pregnancy and breastfeeding (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/diagnóstico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Purinas/uso terapêutico , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Colite Ulcerativa/complicações , Colite Ulcerativa/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Glândulas Perianais , Glândulas Perianais/patologia , Azatioprina/uso terapêutico
11.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(6): 394-398, jul.-ago. 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-165052

RESUMO

La cafeína es la droga psicoestimulante más ampliamente utilizada en el mundo. El exagerado consumo de cafeína induce una serie de cambios biológicos y fisiológicos de forma aguda y crónica, que se pueden traducir en déficit cognitivo, depresión, fatiga, insomnio, cambios cardiovasculares y cefalea. El consumo crónico de cafeína promueve un estado pronociceptivo y de hiperexcitabilidad cortical que puede exacerbar una cefalea primaria o desencadenar una cefalea por uso excesivo de analgésicos. El objetivo de la revisión es profundizar en los aspectos fisiológicos de la cafeína y su relación con la cefalea (AU)


Caffeine is the most widely used psychostimulant worldwide. Excessive caffeine consumption induces a series of both acute and chronic biological and physiological changes that may give rise to cognitive decline, depression, fatigue, insomnia, cardiovascular changes, and headache. Chronic consumption of caffeine promotes a pro-nociceptive state of cortical hyperexcitability that can intensify a primary headache or trigger a headache due to excessive analgesic use. This review offers an in-depth analysis of the physiological mechanisms of caffeine and its relationship with headache (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cafeína/farmacocinética , Transtornos da Cefaleia Secundários/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/induzido quimicamente , Adenosina/antagonistas & inibidores , Excitação Neurológica , Purinas/farmacocinética
12.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 26(6): 387-392, nov.-dic. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-158569

RESUMO

La litiasis urinaria, de gran incidencia en la actualidad, como la ocasionada por formaciones de cálculos de ácido úrico, tiene una gran relación con nuestros estilos de vida, entre ellos, los hábitos dietéticos. A través de un caso clínico se pretende revisar las principales actuaciones de enfermería que pueden acontecer ante dicha patología. Para lograrlo, se exponen los datos recogidos en la exploración física y valoración enfermera según el modelo de Virginia Henderson, al mismo tiempo que se desarrolla el plan de cuidados completo. Los resultados arrojan la necesidad de instaurar ante esta patología intervenciones estandarizadas de educación para la salud en relación a la alimentación limitada en purinas de las personas que la padecen. La multitud de complicaciones y otros problemas asociados a la estancia hospitalaria dada la reincidencia de litiasis por desconocimiento suponen un riesgo para la calidad de vida de la persona y el mantenimiento de su independencia


The urolithiasis, with a high incidence nowadays, including formations caused by gallstone of uric acid, has a high correlation to our lifestyles and dietary habits. Through a clinic case, it is intended to review the main nursing actions that may occur with this pathology. To achieve this, the data collected on physical examination and nursing assessment on the model of Virginia Henderson, while the full care plan is developed. The results show the need to establish a standardized healthy education intervention, related to a low-pruine healthy diet for people that suffer this disease. The amount of complications and problems associated with recidivism of hospital accommodation because of the ignorance of gallstone cases increase the risk of reducing the quality of life of the patients


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefrolitíase/dietoterapia , Diagnóstico de Enfermagem/métodos , Purinas/efeitos adversos , Avaliação em Enfermagem/métodos , Comportamento Alimentar , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos
15.
J. physiol. biochem ; 66(3): 189-196, sept. 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-122824

RESUMO

No disponible


During prolonged maximal exercise, oxygen deficits occur in working muscles. Progressive hypoxia results in the impairment of the oxidative resynthesis of ATP and increased degradation of purine nucleotides. Moreover, ATP consumption decreases the conversion of UDP to UTP, to use ATP as a phosphate donor, resulting in an increased concentration of UDP, which enhances pyrimidine degradation. Because the metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides is related to the metabolism ofpurines, in particular with the cellular concentration of ATP, we decided to investigate the impact of a standardized exercise with increasing intensity on the concentration of uridine, inosine,hypoxanthine, and uric acid. Twenty-two healthy male subjects volunteered to participate in this study. Blood concentrations of metabolites were determined at rest, immediately after exercise, and after 30 min of recovery using high-performance liquid chromatography. We also studied the relationship between the levels of uridine and indicators of myogenic purine degradation. The results showed that exercise with increasing intensity leads to increased concentrations of inosine,hypoxanthine, uric acid, and uridine. We found positive correlations between blood uridine levels and indicators of myogenic purine degradation (hypoxanthine), suggesting that the blood uridine level is related to purine metabolism in skeletal muscles (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Uridina/sangue , Nucleotídeos de Pirimidina/biossíntese , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Hipóxia Celular/fisiologia , Purinas/biossíntese , Hipoxantinas/sangue , Inosina/sangue , Ácido Úrico/sangue
17.
Enferm. emerg ; 10(supl.1): 19-31, 2008. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-90764

RESUMO

Aunque la relevancia del tratamiento antiparasitario en el manejo de la enfermedad de Chagas en la fase aguda es plenamente aceptada, su relevancia en la fase crónica ha sido motivo de controversia. Sin embargo, recientes estudios sobre la patogénesis de esta dolencia han llevado a un consenso creciente en el sentido de que la eliminación del agente etiológico, Trypanosoma cruzi, de los pacientes infectados seria un requisito necesario y suficiente para frenar la evolución de la enfermedad en todas sus fases y evitar sus serias consecuencias a largo plazo. Desafortunadamente, los tratamientos específicos actualmente disponibles para esta parasitosis (nifurtimox y benznidazol) poseen una eficacia limitada en la fase crónica y frecuentes efectos colaterales indeseables, que pueden llevar a la interrupción del tratamiento. Actualmente se adelantan varios nuevos enfoques para el tratamiento específico de la dolencia, basados en el notable avance de nuestro conocimiento de la bioquímica y fisiología del T. cruzi en los últimos25 años, que prometen ser mucho más eficaces contra el parásito y tolerables para el paciente. Entre los agentes más prometedores se encuentran inhibidores específicos de la biosíntesis de ergosterol, específicamente nuevos derivados triazólicos que (..) (AU)


Although the importance of antiparasitic treatment for the management of acute phaseChagas disease is widely accepted, its relevance in the chronic phases remains controversial. Recent studies about the pathogenesis of this disease have brought certain consensus in the sense that the elimination of the etiological agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, in infected patients is required and sufficient to stop the evolution of the disease in all its phases and to avoid serious, long-term consequences. Unfortunately, the specific treatments actually available against this parasite (nifurtimox and benznidazol) have limited efficacy in the chronic phase, and frequently have undesirable side effects that can interrupt or limit their use fortreatment. Over the last 25 years, notable advances in our knowledge aboutthe biochemistry and physiology of T. cruzi have led to several new perspectives for treating Chagas disease that promise to be both more effective against the parasite and more tolerable forpatients. Among the most promising new treatments are agents that specifically inhibit the biosynthesis of ergosterol and newderivatives called triazolic that block the C14 sterol (..) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Antiparasitários/uso terapêutico , Antinematódeos/uso terapêutico , Difosfonatos/uso terapêutico , Ergosterol/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteases/uso terapêutico , Trypanosoma cruzi/patogenicidade , Purinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Fosfolipídeos/antagonistas & inibidores
20.
Peu ; 23(1): 34-37, ene. 2003. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-25966

RESUMO

El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer a los profesionales de la podología unas orientaciones y consejos dietéticos ante una patología que pueden hallar en su consulta como es la gota. Esta enfermedad que afecta fundamentalmente a las articulaciones óseas, en las cuales se acumula el ácido úrico -producto final del catabolismo de las purinas- depositándose en forma de sales de ácido úrico en sus partes blandas (gota articular), aunque también puede afectar a diversos órganos internos (gota visceral). Puede favorecer además, el desarrollo de una nefropatía asociada y formar cálculos en las vías urinarias en forma de uratos (litiasis úrica). Este trastorno cursa con hiperuricemia, aunque sólo uno de cada cinco hiperuricémicos desarrolla gota. El ácido úrico tiene su origen en las purinas contenidas en los alimentos, tras su degradación metabólica, dejan como residuo final el ácido úrico. La dieta del gotoso deberá tener en cuenta: corregir si existe sobrepeso o obesidad y mantener el peso adecuado, reducir o suprimir las bebidas alcohólicas, restringir las purinas de los alimentos (una dieta en fase de crisis debe contener menos de 100 mg/ día para posteriormente seguir con un aporte menor a 300 mg de purinas al día para su uso a largo plazo), evitar periodos de ayuno prolongado, asegurar una ingesta de líquidos abundantes para favorecer un buen flujo urinario (AU)


Assuntos
Gota/dietoterapia , Gota/diagnóstico , Dieta/métodos , Dieta , Cálculos Urinários/dietoterapia , Purinas/administração & dosagem , Purinas/uso terapêutico , Alimentos Formulados , Articulações Tarsianas/fisiopatologia , Articulações Tarsianas/patologia , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/dietoterapia
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